Nutrition and cognition in the context of ageing: Role of dietary patterns

Nutrition for Brain Health and Cognitive Performance

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 11-40

  Andreeva, Valentina A ^a   Kesse Guyot, Emmanuelle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS 13   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84982303417     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (124)

1. Ahluwalia, N., Andreeva, V. A., Kesse-Guyot, E., & Hercberg, S. (2013). Dietary patterns, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes & Metabolism, 39(2), 99-110.
2. Akin, J. S., Guilkey, D. K., Popkin, B. M., & Fanelli, M. T. (1986). Cluster analysis of food consumption patterns of older Americans. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 86(5), 616-624.
3. Alles, B., Samieri, C., Feart, C., Jutand, M. A., Laurin, D., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2012). Dietary patterns: A novel approach to examine the link between nutrition and cognitive function in older individuals. Nutrition Research Reviews, 25(2), 207-222.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.) (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
5. Amieva, H., Jacqmin-Gadda, H., Orgogozo, J. M., Le Carret, N., Helmer, C., Letenneur, L., … Dartigues, J. F. (2005). The 9 year cognitive decline before dementia of the Alzheimer type: A prospective population-based study. Brain, 128(Pt 5), 1093-1101.
6. Amieva, H., Le Goff, M., Millet, X., Orgogozo, J. M., Peres, K., Barberger-Gateau, P., … Dartigues, J. F. (2008). Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: Successive emergence of the clinical symptoms. Annals of Neurology, 64(5), 492-498.
7. Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F. M., … Karanja, N. (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. The New England Journal of Medicine, 336(16), 1117-1124.
8. Bamia, C., Trichopoulos, D., Ferrari, P., Overvad, K., Bjerregaard, L., Tjonneland, A., … Trichopoulou, A. (2007). Dietary patterns and survival of older Europeans: The EPIC-Elderly Study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). Public Health Nutrition, 10(6), 590-598.
9. Bernstein, M., & Munoz, N. (2012). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Food and nutrition for older adults: Promoting health and wellness. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(8), 1255-1277.
10. Bertuccio, P., Rosato, V., Andreano, A., Ferraroni, M., Decarli, A., Edefonti, V., & La Vecchia, C. (2013). Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Oncology, 24(6), 1450-1458.
11. Borsch-Supan, A. (1992). Population ageing, social security design, and early retirement. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 148(4), 533-557.
12. Bountziouka, V., Tzavelas, G., Polychronopoulos, E., Constantinidis, T. C., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2011). Validity of dietary patterns derived in nutrition surveys using a priori and a posteriori multivariate statistical methods. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 62(6), 617-627.
13. Bowman, G. L., Shannon, J., Ho, E., Traber, M. G., Frei, B., Oken, B. S., … Quinn, J. F. (2011). Reliability and validity of food frequency questionnaire and nutrient biomarkers in elders with and without mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 25(1), 49-57.
14. Brodaty, H., Heffernan, M., Kochan, N. A., Draper, B., Trollor, J. N., Reppermund, S., … Sachdev, P. S. (2013). Mild cognitive impairment in a community sample: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 9(3), 310-317, e311.
15. Cannella, C., Savina, C., & Donini, L. M. (2009). Nutrition, longevity and behavior. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 49(Suppl. 1), 19-27.
16. Casadesus, G., Shukitt-Hale, B., & Joseph, J. A. (2002). Qualitative versus quantitative caloric intake: Are they equivalent paths to successful ageing? Neurobiology of Aging, 23(5), 747-769.
17. Chernoff, R. (2001). Nutrition and health promotion in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56(Spec No 2), 47-53.
18. Cheung, B. H., Ho, I. C., Chan, R. S., Sea, M. M., & Woo, J. (2014). Current evidence on dietary pattern and cognitive function. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 71, 137-163.
19. Dauchet, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Czernichow, S., Bertrais, S., Estaquio, C., Peneau, S., … Hercberg, S. (2007). Dietary patterns and blood pressure change over 5-y follow-up in the SU.VI.MAX cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(6), 1650-1656.
20. Dauncey, M. J. (2009). New insights into nutrition and cognitive neuroscience. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 68(4), 408-415.
21. Daviglus, M. L., Plassman, B. L., Pirzada, A., Bell, C. C., Bowen, P. E., Burke, J. R., … Williams, J. W., Jr. (2011). Risk factors and preventive interventions for Alzheimer disease: State of the science. Archives of Neurology, 68(9), 1185-1190.
22. de la Torre, J. C. (2010). Alzheimer’s disease is incurable but preventable. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(3), 861-870.
23. Debette, S., Seshadri, S., Beiser, A., Au, R., Himali, J. J., Palumbo, C., … DeCarli, C. (2011). Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain ageing and cognitive decline. Neurology, 77(5), 461-468.
24. Depp, C. A., Harmell, A., & Vahia, I. V. (2012). Successful cognitive ageing. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 10, 35-50.
25. Devlin, U. M., McNulty, B. A., Nugent, A. P., & Gibney, M. J. (2012). The use of cluster analysis to derive dietary patterns: Methodological considerations, reproducibility, validity and the effect of energy mis-reporting. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 71(4), 599-609.
26. Drexler, E. I., Voss, B., Amunts, K., Schneider, F., & Habel, U. (2013). Mild cognitive impairment: Advantages of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Current Alzheimer Research, 10(10), 1098-1106.
27. Eskelinen, M. H., Ngandu, T., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., & Kivipelto, M. (2011). Midlife healthy-diet index and late-life dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia and Geriatric Disorders Extra, 1(1), 103-112.
28. Estaquio, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Deschamps, V., Bertrais, S., Dauchet, L., Galan, P., … Castetbon, K. (2009). Adherence to the French Programme National Nutrition Sante Guideline Score is associated with better nutrient intake and nutritional status. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(6), 1031-1041.
29. Feart, C., Samieri, C., Rondeau, V., Amieva, H., Portet, F., Dartigues, J. F., … Barberger-Gateau, P. (2009). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia. JAMA, 302(6), 638-648.
30. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
31. Freeman, W. D., Vatz, K. A., Griggs, R. C., & Pedley, T. (2013). The Workforce Task Force report: Clinical implications for neurology. Neurology, 81(5), 479-486.
32. Frisardi, V., Panza, F., Seripa, D., Imbimbo, B. P., Vendemiale, G., Pilotto, A., & Solfrizzi, V. (2010). Nutraceutical properties of Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline: Possible underlying mechanisms. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 22(3), 715-740.
33. Gibson, R. S. (2005). Principles of nutritional assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
34. Gillette-Guyonnet, S., Secher, M., & Vellas, B. (2013). Nutrition and neurodegeneration: Epidemiological evidence and challenges for future research. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 75(3), 738-755.
35. Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2008). Brain foods: The effects of nutrients on brain function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(7), 568-578.
36. Gu, Y., Luchsinger, J. A., Stern, Y., & Scarmeas, N. (2010). Mediterranean diet, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 22(2), 483-492.
37. Gu, Y., Nieves, J. W., Stern, Y., Luchsinger, J. A., & Scarmeas, N. (2010). Food combination and Alzheimer disease risk: A protective diet. Archives of Neurology, 67(6), 699-706.
38. Gu, Y., & Scarmeas, N. (2011). Dietary patterns in Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive ageing. Current Alzheimer Research, 8(5), 510-519.
39. Harada, C. N., Natelson Love, M. C., & Triebel, K. L. (2013). Normal cognitive ageing. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 29(4), 737-752.
40. Hearty, A. P., & Gibney, M. J. (2009). Comparison of cluster and principal component analysis techniques to derive dietary patterns in Irish adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(4), 598-608.
41. Hendrie, H. C., Albert, M. S., Butters, M. A., Gao, S., Knopman, D. S., Launer, L. J., … Wagster, M. V. (2006). The NIH Cognitive and Emotional Health Project. Report of the critical evaluation study committee. Alzheimer’s Dement, 2(1), 12-32.
42. Hercberg, S., Chat-Yung, S., & Chaulia, M. (2008). The French National Nutrition and Health Program: 2001-2006-2010. International Journal of Public Health, 53(2), 68-77.
43. Hoffmann, K., Schulze, M. B., Schienkiewitz, A., Nothlings, U., & Boeing, H. (2004). Application of a new statistical method to derive dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology. American Journal of Epidemiology, 159(10), 935-944.
44. Hu, F. B. (2002). Dietary pattern analysis: A new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 13(1), 3-9.
45. Hughes, T. F., & Ganguli, M. (2009). Modifiable midlife risk factors for late-life cognitive impairment and dementia. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 5(2), 73-92.
46. Huijbregts, P., Feskens, E., Rasanen, L., Fidanza, F., Nissinen, A., Menotti, A., & Kromhout, D. (1997). Dietary pattern and 20 year mortality in elderly men in Finland, Italy, and The Netherlands: Longitudinal cohort study. BMJ, 315(7099), 13-17.
47. Huijbregts, P. P., Feskens, E. J., Rasanen, L., Fidanza, F., Alberti-Fidanza, A., Nissinen, A., … Kromhout, D. (1998). Dietary patterns and cognitive function in elderly men in Finland, Italy and The Netherlands. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 52(11), 826-831.
48. Institute for the Study of Ageing. (2005). A practical guide to achieving and maintaining cognitive vitality with ageing. New York: Institute for the Study of Ageing, Ltd.
49. Issa, C., Darmon, N., Salameh, P., Maillot, M., Batal, M., & Lairon, D. (2011). A Mediterranean diet pattern with low consumption of liquid sweets and refined cereals is negatively associated with adiposity in adults from rural Lebanon. International Journal of Obesity (London), 35(2), 251-258.
50. Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Dooneief, G., Marder, K., Bell, K. L., & Stern, Y. (1995). Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 45(5), 957-962.
51. Jacobs, D. R., Jr., Gross, M. D., & Tapsell, L. C. (2009). Food synergy: An operational concept for understanding nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(5), 1543S-1548S.
52. Jeste, D. V., Depp, C. A., & Vahia, I. V. (2010). Successful cognitive and emotional ageing. World Psychiatry, 9(2), 78-84.
53. Jonker, C., Geerlings, M. I., & Schmand, B. (2000). Are memory complaints predictive for dementia? A review of clinical and population-based studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(11), 983-991.
54. Joseph, J., Cole, G., Head, E., & Ingram, D. (2009). Nutrition, brain ageing, and neurodegeneration. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(41), 12795-12801.
55. Julia, C., Meunier, N., Touvier, M., Ahluwalia, N., Sapin, V., Papet, I., … Kesse-Guyot, E. (2013). Dietary patterns and risk of elevated C-reactive protein concentrations 12 years later. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(4), 747-754.
56. Kant, A. K. (1996). Indexes of overall diet quality: A review. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 96(8), 785-791.
57. Kant, A. K. (2010). Dietary patterns: Biomarkers and chronic disease risk. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 35(2), 199-206.
58. Kant, A. K., & Graubard, B. I. (2005). A comparison of three dietary pattern indexes for predicting biomarkers of diet and disease. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 24(4), 294-303.
59. Karatzi, K., Protogerou, A., Kesse-Guyot, E., Fezeu, L. K., Carette, C., Blacher, J., … Czernichow, S. (2014). Associations between dietary patterns and skin microcirculation in healthy subjects. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 34(2), 463-469.
60. Katsiardanis, K., Diamantaras, A. A., Dessypris, N., Michelakos, T., Anastasiou, A., Katsiardani, K. P., … Petridou, E. T. (2013). Cognitive impairment and dietary habits among elders: The Velestino Study. Journal of Medicinal Food, 16(4), 343-350.
61. Kennedy, E. T., Ohls, J., Carlson, S., & Fleming, K. (1995). The Healthy Eating Index: Design and applications. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95(10), 1103-1108.
62. Kesse-Guyot, E., Amieva, H., Castetbon, K., Henegar, A., Ferry, M., Jeandel, C., … SU.VI.MAX 2 Research Group. (2011a). Adherence to nutritional recommendations and subsequent cognitive performance: Findings from the prospective Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals 2 (SU.VI.MAX 2) study.. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93(1), 200-210.
63. Kesse-Guyot, E., Andreeva, V. A., Ducros, V., Jeandel, C., Julia, C., Hercberg, S., & Galan, P. (2014). Carotenoid-rich dietary patterns during midlife and subsequent cognitive function. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(5): 915-923.
64. Kesse-Guyot, E., Andreeva, V. A., Jeandel, C., Ferry, M., Hercberg, S., & Galan, P. (2012). A healthy dietary pattern at midlife is associated with subsequent cognitive performance. Journal of Nutrition, 142(5), 909-915.
65. Kesse-Guyot, E., Andreeva, V. A., Lassale, C., Ferry, M., Jeandel, C., Hercberg, S., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2013). Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: A French study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97(2), 369-376.
66. Kesse-Guyot, E., Bertrais, S., Peneau, S., Estaquio, C., Dauchet, L., Vergnaud, A. C., … Bellisle, F. (2009). Dietary patterns and their sociodemographic and behavioural correlates in French middle-aged adults from the SU.VI.MAX cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63(4), 521-528.
67. Kesse-Guyot, E., Fezeu, L., Jeandel, C., Ferry, M., Andreeva, V., Amieva, H., … Galan, P. (2011b). French adults’ cognitive performance after daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals at nutritional doses: A post hoc analysis of the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants (SU.VI.MAX) trial.. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(3), 892-899.
68. Kesse-Guyot, E., Vergnaud, A. C., Fezeu, L., Zureik, M., Blacher, J., Peneau, S., … Czernichow, S. (2010). Associations between dietary patterns and arterial stiffness, carotid artery intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 17(6), 718-724.
69. Korczyc, E., Laco, M., Vincelette, G. A., Cuaresma, J. C., & Loichinger, E. (2013). EU11 regular economic report No. 26. Macroeconomic report: Faltering recovery. Special topic: The economic growth implications of an ageing European Union (No. #74822). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
70. Kourlaba, G., Polychronopoulos, E., Zampelas, A., Lionis, C., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2009). Development of a diet index for older adults and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors: The Elderly Dietary Index. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(6), 1022-1030.
71. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
72. Masdeu, J. C., Kreisl, W. C., & Berman, K. F. (2012). The neurobiology of Alzheimer disease defined by neuroimaging. Current Opinion in Neurology, 25(4), 410-420.
73. McCullough, M. L., Feskanich, D., Stampfer, M. J., Giovannucci, E. L., Rimm, E. B., Hu, F. B., … Willett, W. C. (2002). Diet quality and major chronic disease risk in men and women: Moving toward improved dietary guidance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(6), 1261-1271.
74. Middleton, L. E., & Yaffe, K. (2009). Promising strategies for the prevention of dementia. Archives of Neurology, 66(10), 1210-1215.
75. Moeller, S. M., Reedy, J., Millen, A. E., Dixon, L. B., Newby, P. K., Tucker, K. L., … Guenther, P. M. (2007). Dietary patterns: Challenges and opportunities in dietary patterns research an Experimental Biology workshop, April 1, 2006. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(7), 1233-1239.
76. Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., & Van Horn, L. (2011). Components of a cardioprotective diet: New insights. Circulation, 123(24), 2870-2891.
77. Newby, P. K., & Tucker, K. L. (2004). Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: A review. Nutrition Reviews, 62(5), 177-203.
78. Ngo, J., Engelen, A., Molag, M., Roesle, J., Garcia-Segovia, P., & Serra-Majem, L. (2009). A review of the use of information and communication technologies for dietary assessment. British Journal of Nutrition, 101 Suppl. 2, S102-112.
79. Oliveira, A., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Gaio, R., Santos, A. C., Ramos, E., & Lopes, C. (2011). Major habitual dietary patterns are associated with acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular risk markers in a southern European population. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 111(2), 241-250.
80. Ortiz-Andrellucchi, A., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Doreste-Alonso, J., de Vries, J., de Groot, L., & Serra-Majem, L. (2009). Dietary assessment methods for micronutrient intake in elderly people: A systematic review. British Journal of Nutrition, 102(Suppl. 1), S118-S149.
81. Otaegui-Arrazola, A., Amiano, P., Elbusto, A., Urdaneta, E., & Martinez-Lage, P. (2014). Diet, cognition, and Alzheimer’s disease: Food for thought. European Journal of Nutrition, 53(1), 1-23.
82. Pandya, A., Gaziano, T. A., Weinstein, M. C., & Cutler, D. (2013). More Americans living longer with cardiovascular disease will increase costs while lowering quality of life. Health Affairs (Millwood), 32(10), 1706-1714.
83. Panza, F., Frisardi, V., Capurso, C., Imbimbo, B. P., Vendemiale, G., Santamato, A., … Solfrizzi, V. (2010). Metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment: Current epidemiology and possible underlying mechanisms. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 21(3), 691-724.
84. Panza, F., Solfrizzi, V., Logroscino, G., Maggi, S., Santamato, A., Seripa, D., & Pilotto, A. (2012). Current epidemiological approaches to the metabolic-cognitive syndrome. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 30(Suppl. 2), S31-S75.
85. Parrott, M. D., & Greenwood, C. E. (2007). Dietary influences on cognitive function with ageing: From high-fat diets to healthful eating. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1114, 389-397.
86. Parrott, M. D., Shatenstein, B., Ferland, G., Payette, H., Morais, J. A., Belleville, S., … Greenwood, C. E. (2013). Relationship between diet quality and cognition depends on socioeconomic position in healthy older adults. Journal of Nutrition, 143(11), 1767-1773.
87. Patterson, R. E., Haines, P. S., & Popkin, B. M. (1994). Diet quality index: Capturing a multidimensional behavior. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 94(1), 57-64.
88. Peneau, S., Galan, P., Jeandel, C., Ferry, M., Andreeva, V., Hercberg, S., … SU.VI.MAX 2 Research Group. (2011). Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in the SU.VI.MAX 2 prospective study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(5), 1295-1303.
89. Perez-Lopez, F. R., Chedraui, P., Haya, J., & Cuadros, J. L. (2009). Effects of the Mediterranean diet on longevity and age-related morbid conditions. Maturitas, 64(2), 67-79.
90. Poslusna, K., Ruprich, J., de Vries, J. H., Jakubikova, M., & van’t Veer, P. (2009). Misreporting of energy and micronutrient intake estimated by food records and 24 hour recalls, control and adjustment methods in practice. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(Suppl. 2), S73-S85.
91. Psaltopoulou, T., Sergentanis, T. N., Panagiotakos, D. B., Sergentanis, I. N., Kosti, R., & Scarmeas, N. (2013). Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis. Annals of Neurology, 74(4), 580-591.
92. Querfurth, H. W., & LaFerla, F. M. (2010). Alzheimer’s disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 362(4), 329-344.
93. Reichman, W. E., Fiocco, A. J., & Rose, N. S. (2010). Exercising the brain to avoid cognitive decline: Examining the evidence. Ageing Health, 6(5), 565-584.
94. Remig, V., Franklin, B., Margolis, S., Kostas, G., Nece, T., & Street, J. C. (2010). Trans fats in America: A review of their use, consumption, health implications, and regulation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(4), 585-592.
95. Ritchie, K., Artero, S., & Touchon, J. (2001). Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: A population-based validation study. Neurology, 56(1), 37-42.
96. Roberts, S. B., & Dallal, G. E. (2005). Energy requirements and ageing. Public Health Nutrition, 8(7A), 1028-1036.
97. Roman, G. C. (2003). Vascular dementia: Distinguishing characteristics, treatment, and prevention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(5 Suppl. Dementia), S296-S304.
98. Roman-Vinas, B., Ribas Barba, L., Ngo, J., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Wijnhoven, T. M., & Serra-Majem, L. (2009). Validity of dietary patterns to assess nutrient intake adequacy. British Journal of Nutrition, 101(Suppl. 2), S12-S20.
99. Rumawas, M. E., Meigs, J. B., Dwyer, J. T., McKeown, N. M., & Jacques, P. F. (2009). Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, reduced risk of metabolic syndrome traits, and incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 90(6), 1608-1614.
100. Samieri, C., Jutand, M. A., Feart, C., Capuron, L., Letenneur, L., & Barberger-Gateau, P. (2008). Dietary patterns derived by hybrid clustering method in older people: Association with cognition, mood, and self-rated health. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(9), 1461-1471.
101. Samieri, C., Sun, Q., Townsend, M. K., Chiuve, S. E., Okereke, O. I., Willett, W. C., … Grodstein, F. (2013). The association between dietary patterns at midlife and health in ageing: An observational study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 159(9), 584-591.
102. Shankle, W. R., Romney, A. K., Hara, J., Fortier, D., Dick, M. B., Chen, J. M., … Sun, X. (2005). Methods to improve the detection of mild cognitive impairment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(13), 4919-4924.
103. Shatenstein, B., Ferland, G., Belleville, S., Gray-Donald, K., Kergoat, M. J., Morais, J., … Greenwood, C. (2012). Diet quality and cognition among older adults from the NuAge study. Experimental Gerontology, 47(5), 353-360.
104. Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Craighead, L., Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., Browndyke, J. N., … Sherwood, A. (2010). Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet, exercise, and caloric restriction on neurocognition in overweight adults with high blood pressure. Hypertension, 55(6), 1331-1338.
105. Sofi, F., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., & Casini, A. (2010). Effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet: Can it help delay or prevent Alzheimer’s disease? Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(3), 795-801.
106. Sofi, F., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F., & Casini, A. (2013). Mediterranean diet and health status: An updated meta-analysis and a proposal for a literature-based adherence score. Public Health Nutrition. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013003169
107. Solfrizzi, V., Capurso, C., D’Introno, A., Colacicco, A. M., Santamato, A., Ranieri, M., … Panza, F. (2008). Lifestyle-related factors in predementia and dementia syndromes. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8(1), 133-158.
108. Solfrizzi, V., Frisardi, V., Seripa, D., Logroscino, G., Imbimbo, B. P., D’Onofrio, G., … Panza, F. (2011). Mediterranean diet in predementia and dementia syndromes. Current Alzheimer Research, 8(5), 520-542.
109. Spahn, J. M., Reeves, R. S., Keim, K. S., Laquatra, I., Kellogg, M., Jortberg, B., & Clark, N. A. (2010). State of the evidence regarding behavior change theories and strategies in nutrition counseling to facilitate health and food behavior change. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(6), 879-891.
110. Stangl, D., & Thuret, S. (2009). Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Genes & Nutrition, 4(4), 271-282.
111. Swedish National Institute of Public Health. (2006). Healthy ageing: A challenge for Europe. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish National Institute of Public Health.
112. Teng, E. L., & Chui, H. C. (1987). The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 48(8), 314-318.
113. Thomann, P. A., Seidl, U., Brinkmann, J., Hirjak, D., Traeger, T., Wolf, R. C., … Schroder, J. (2012). Hippocampal morphology and autobiographic memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 9(4), 507-515.
114. Thompson, F. E., & Byers, T. (1994). Dietary assessment resource manual. Journal of Nutrition, 124(11 Suppl.), 2245S-2317S.
115. Trichopoulou, A., Costacou, T., Bamia, C., & Trichopoulos, D. (2003). Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(26), 2599-2608.
116. United Nations. (2002). World population ageing: 1950-2050. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
117. U.S. Census Bureau Population Division. Projection of the population by age and sex for the United States: 2010 to 2050 (NP2008-T12). Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Released on August 14, 2008.
118. Uttara, B., Singh, A. V., Zamboni, P., & Mahajan, R. T. (2009). Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: A review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options. Current Neuropharmacology, 7(1), 65-74.
119. Waijers, P. M., Feskens, E. J., & Ocke, M. C. (2007). A critical review of predefined diet quality scores. British Journal of Nutrition, 97(2), 219-231.
120. Willett, W. (1998). Nutritional epidemiology (2nd ed.) Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
121. Willett, W. C., Sacks, F., Trichopoulou, A., Drescher, G., Ferro-Luzzi, A., Helsing, E., & Trichopoulos, D. (1995). Mediterranean diet pyramid: A cultural model for healthy eating. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 61(6 Suppl.), 1402S-1406S.
122. Witte, A. V., Fobker, M., Gellner, R., Knecht, S., & Floel, A. (2009). Caloric restriction improves memory in elderly humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(4), 1255-1260.
123. Woo, J. (2011). Nutritional strategies for successful ageing. Medical Clinics of North America, 95(3), 477-493, ix-x.
124. World Health Organization. (2014). Definition of an older or elderly person. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.