The potential of polymeric micelles in the context of glioblastoma therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Volumn 4 DEC, Issue , 2013, Pages

  Morshed, Ramin A ^a   Cheng, Yu ^a   Auffinger, Brenda ^a   Wegscheid, Michelle L ^a   Lesniak, Maciej S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Controlled release; Drug delivery; Glioblastoma; Micelles; Nanoparticle; Targeted delivery

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; CISPLATIN; CREMOPHOR; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; FIRTECAN; IRINOTECAN; MACROGOL; NANOPARTICLE; NANOPLATIN; NC 4016; NC 6004; NC 6300; NK 105; NK 911; PACLITAXEL; POLYCAPROLACTONE; POLYESTER; POLYGLACTIN; POLYMER; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; SP 1049C; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; ADVANCED CANCER; BILE DUCT CANCER; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; COLON ADENOCARCINOMA; COLON CANCER; COLORECTAL CANCER; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; GLIOBLASTOMA; GLIOMA CELL; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; HYDROPHILICITY; HYDROPHOBICITY; IN VITRO STUDY; INTRACRANIAL TUMOR; KIDNEY CANCER; LIVER CANCER; LUNG CANCER; MESOTHELIOMA; MICELLE; NASOPHARYNX CANCER; NEUROBLASTOMA; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PANCREAS CANCER; PATIENT CARE; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; REVIEW; SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA; SOLID TUMOR; STOMACH CANCER; SURVIVAL TIME; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 84891689637     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16639812     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00157     Document Type: Review

References (158)

1. Abbott, N. J., and Romero, I. A. (1996). Transporting therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier. Mol. Med. Today 2, 106-113. doi: 10.1016/1357-4310(96)88720-X.
2. Abdullah Al, N., Lee, H., Lee, Y. S., Lee, K. D., and Park, S. Y. (2011). Development of disulfide core-crosslinked pluronic nanoparticles as an effective anticancer-drug-delivery system. Macromol. Biosci. 11, 1264-1271. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201100083.
3. Alami, N., Banerjee, K., Juste, S., Page, V., Brossard, M., Hayashi, T., et al. (2006). NC-6004, a novel cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelle, is highly effective against oxaliplatin-resistant tumor models. AACR Meet. Abstr. 2006, 133.
4. Allard, E., Passirani, C., and Benoit, J. P. (2009). Convection-enhanced delivery of nanocarriers for the treatment of brain tumors. Biomaterials 30, 2302-2318. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.003.
5. Arap, W., Pasqualini, R., and Ruoslahti, E. (1998). Cancer treatment by targeted drug delivery to tumor vasculature in a mouse model. Science 279, 377-380. doi: 10.1126/science.279.5349.377.
6. Bae, K. H., Choi, S. H., Park, S. Y., Lee, Y., and Park, T. G. (2006). Thermosensitive pluronic micelles stabilized by shell cross-linking with gold nanoparticles. Langmuir 22, 6380-6384. doi: 10.1021/la0606704.
7. Bae, Y., Fukushima, S., Harada, A., and Kataoka, K. (2003). Design of environment-sensitive supramolecular assemblies for intracellular drug delivery: polymeric micelles that are responsive to intracellular pH change. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 42, 4640-4643. doi: 10.1002/anie.200250653.
8. Bae, Y., and Kataoka, K. (2009). Intelligent polymeric micelles from functional poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino acid) block copolymers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61, 768-784. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.04.016.
9. Bardos, H., Molnar, P., Csecsei, G., and Adany, R. (1996). Fibrin deposition in primary and metastatic human brain tumours. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis 7, 536-548. doi: 10.1097/00001721-199607000-00005.
10. Bayrac, A. T., Sefah, K., Parekh, P., Bayrac, C., Gulbakan, B., Oktem, H. A., et al. (2011). In vitro selection of DNA aptamers to glioblastoma multiforme. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2, 175-181. doi: 10.1021/cn100114k.
11. Beier, C. P., Schmid, C., Gorlia, T., Kleinletzenberger, C., Beier, D., Grauer, O., et al. (2009). RNOP-09: pegylated liposomal doxorubicine and prolonged temozolomide in addition to radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma-a phase II study. BMC Cancer 9:308. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-308.
12. Bello, L., Francolini, M., Marthyn, P., Zhang, J., Carroll, R. S., Nikas, D. C., et al. (2001). αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin expression in glioma periphery. Neurosurgery 49, 380-389. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200108000-00022.
13. Bobo, R. H., Laske, D. W., Akbasak, A., Morrison, P. F., Dedrick, R. L., and Oldfield, E. H. (1994). Convection-enhanced delivery of macromolecules in the brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 2076-2080. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.6.2076.
14. Brigger, I., Morizet, J., Aubert, G., Chacun, H., Terrier-Lacombe, M. J., Couvreur, P., et al. (2002). Poly(ethylene glycol)-coated hexadecylcyanoacrylate nanospheres display a combined effect for brain tumor targeting. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303, 928-936. doi: 10.1124/jpet.102.039669.
15. Bu, G., Maksymovitch, E. A., Geuze, H., and Schwartz, A. L. (1994). Subcellular localization and endocytic function of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in human glioblastoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 29874-29882.
16. Burris, H. III, Infante, J., Spigel, D., Greco, F., Thompson, D., Matsumoto, S., et al. (2008). A phase I dose-escalation study of NK012. J. Clin. Oncol. 26, 2538.
17. Calabrese, C., Poppleton, H., Kocak, M., Hogg, T. L., Fuller, C., Hamner, B., et al. (2007). A perivascular niche for brain tumor stem cells. Cancer Cell 11, 69-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.020.
18. Calvo, P., Gouritin, B., Chacun, H., Desmaele, D., D'Angelo, J., Noel, J. P., et al. (2001). Long-circulating PEGylated polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles as new drug carrier for brain delivery. Pharm. Res. 18, 1157-1166. doi: 10.1023/A:1010931127745.
19. Caraglia, M., Addeo, R., Costanzo, R., Montella, L., Faiola, V., Marra, M., et al. (2006). Phase II study of temozolomide plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of brain metastases from solid tumours. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 57, 34-39. doi: 10.1007/s00280-005-0001-z.
20. Chen, D., and Jiang, M. (2005). Strategies for constructing polymeric micelles and hollow spheres in solution via specific intermolecular interactions. Acc. Chem. Res. 38, 494-502. doi: 10.1021/ar040113d.
21. Chen, W., Zhong, P., Meng, F., Cheng, R., Deng, C., Feijen, J., et al. (2013). Redox and pH-responsive degradable micelles for dually activated intracellular anticancer drug release. J. Control Release 169, 171-179. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.001.
22. Cheng, Y., Morshed, R., Cheng, S. H., Tobias, A., Auffinger, B., Wainwright, D. A., et al. (2013). Nanoparticle-programmed self-destructive neural stem cells for glioblastoma targeting and therapy. Small doi: 10.1002/smll.201301111 [Epub ahead of print].
23. Chung, E. J., Cheng, Y., Morshed, R., Nord, K., Han, Y., Wegscheid, M. L., et al. (2013). Fibrin-binding, peptide amphiphile micelles for targeting glioblastoma. Biomaterials 35, 1249-1256. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.064.
24. Danson, S., Ferry, D., Alakhov, V., Margison, J., Kerr, D., Jowle, D., et al. (2004). Phase I dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of pluronic polymer-bound doxorubicin (SP1049C) in patients with advanced cancer. Br. J. Cancer 90, 2085-2091. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601856.
25. Demeule, M., Currie, J. C., Bertrand, Y., Che, C., Nguyen, T., Regina, A., et al. (2008). Involvement of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in the transcytosis of the brain delivery vector angiopep-2. J. Neurochem. 106, 1534-1544. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05492.x.
26. Du, J. Z., Mao, C. Q., Yuan, Y. Y., Yang, X. Z., and Wang, J. (2013). Tumor extracellular acidity-activated nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for enhanced cancer therapy. Biotechnol. Adv. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.002 [Epub ahead of print].
27. Ellerby, H. M., Arap, W., Ellerby, L. M., Kain, R., Andrusiak, R., Rio, G. D., et al. (1999). Anti-cancer activity of targeted pro-apoptotic peptides. Nat. Med. 5, 1032-1038. doi: 10.1038/12469.
28. Enochs, W. S., Harsh, G., Hochberg, F., and Weissleder, R. (1999). Improved delineation of human brain tumors on MR images using a long-circulating, superparamagnetic iron oxide agent. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 9, 228-232. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199902)9:2<228::AID-JMRI12>3.0.CO;2-K.
29. Fang, J., Nakamura, H., and Maeda, H. (2011). The, E.P.R effect: unique features of tumor blood vessels for drug delivery, factors involved, and limitations and augmentation of the effect. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63, 136-151. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.04.009.
30. Fehrenbacher, N., and Jäättelä, M. (2005). Lysosomes as targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 65, 2993-2995. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0476.
31. Fishman, J. B., Rubin, J. B., Handrahan, J. V., Connor, J. R., and Fine, R. E. (1987). Receptor-mediated transcytosis of transferrin across the blood-brain barrier. J. Neurosci. Res. 18, 299-304. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490180206.
32. Forsyth, P. A., Wong, H., Laing, T. D., Rewcastle, N. B., Morris, D. G., Muzik, H., et al. (1999). Gelatinase-A (MMP-2), gelatinase-B (MMP-9) and membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) are involved in different aspects of the pathophysiology of malignant gliomas. Br. J. Cancer 79, 1828-1835. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6990291.
33. Friedman, H. S., Prados, M. D., Wen, P. Y., Mikkelsen, T., Schiff, D., Abrey, L. E., et al. (2009). Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 4733-4740. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.8721.
34. Gao, H., Qian, J., Yang, Z., Pang, Z., Xi, Z., Cao, S., et al. (2012). Whole-cell SELEX aptamer-functionalised poly(ethyleneglycol)-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles for enhanced targeted glioblastoma therapy. Biomaterials 33, 6264-6272. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.020.
35. Gaucher, G., Dufresne, M. H., Sant, V. P., Kang, N., Maysinger, D., and Leroux, J. C. (2005). Block copolymer micelles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery. J. Control Release 109, 169-188. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.09.034.
36. Gelperina, S., Maksimenko, O., Khalansky, A., Vanchugova, L., Shipulo, E., Abbasova, K., et al. (2010). Drug delivery to the brain using surfactant-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: influence of the formulation parameters. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 74, 157-163. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.09.003.
37. Gilbertson, R. J., and Rich, J. N. (2007). Making a tumour's bed: glioblastoma stem cells and the vascular niche. Nat. Rev. Cancer 7, 733-736. doi: 10.1038/nrc2246.
38. Gillies, E. R., and Frechet, J. M. (2003). A new approach towards acid sensitive copolymer micelles for drug delivery. Chem. Commun. 14, 1640-1641. doi: 10.1039/b304251k.
39. Gong, J., Chen, M., Zheng, Y., Wang, S., and Wang, Y. (2012). Polymeric micelles drug delivery system in oncology. J. Control Release 159, 312-323. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.012.
40. Goodwin, A. P., Mynar, J. L., Ma, Y., Fleming, G. R., and Frechet, J. M. (2005). Synthetic micelle sensitive to IR light via a two-photon process. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 9952-9953. doi: 10.1021/ja0523035.
41. Gordon, A. N., Tonda, M., Sun, S., Rackoff, W., and Doxil Study 30-49 Investigators. (2004). Long-term survival advantage for women treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin compared with topotecan in a phase 3 randomized study of recurrent and refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 95, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.07.011.
42. Greish, K., Fang, J., Inutsuka, T., Nagamitsu, A., and Maeda, H. (2003). Macromolecular therapeutics: advantages and prospects with special emphasis on solid tumour targeting. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 42, 1089-1105. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200342130-00002.
43. Gu, G., Xia, H., Hu, Q., Liu, Z., Jiang, M., Kang, T., et al. (2013). PEG-co-PCL nanoparticles modified with MMP-2/9 activatable low molecular weight protamine for enhanced targeted glioblastoma therapy. Biomaterials 34, 196-208. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.044.
44. Hamaguchi, T., Doi, T., Eguchi-Nakajima, T., Kato, K., Yamada, Y., Shimada, Y., et al. (2010). Phase I study of NK012, a novel SN-38-incorporating micellar nanoparticle, in adult patients with solid tumors. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 5058-5066. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0387.
45. Hamaguchi, T., Kato, K., Yasui, H., Morizane, C., Ikeda, M., Ueno, H., et al. (2007). A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of NK105, a paclitaxel-incorporating micellar nanoparticle formulation. Br. J. Cancer 97, 170-176. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603855.
46. Hamaguchi, T., Matsumura, Y., Suzuki, M., Shimizu, K., Goda, R., Nakamura, I., et al. (2005). NK105, a paclitaxel-incorporating micellar nanoparticle formulation, can extend in vivo antitumour activity and reduce the neurotoxicity of paclitaxel. Br. J. Cancer 92, 1240-1246. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602479.
47. Harada, A., and Kataoka, K. (1995). Formation of polyion complex micelles in an aqueous milieu from a pair of oppositely-charged block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) segments. Macromolecules 28, 5294-5299. doi: 10.1021/ma00119a019.
48. Harada, A., and Kataoka, K. (1998). Novel polyion complex micelles entrapping enzyme molecules in the core: preparation of narrowly-distributed micelles from lysozyme and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer in aqueous medium. Macromolecules 31, 288-294. doi: 10.1021/ma971277v.
49. Harada, A., and Kataoka, K. (2003). Switching by pulse electric field of the elevated enzymatic reaction in the core of polyion complex micelles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 15306-15307. doi: 10.1021/ja038572h.
50. Hau, P., Fabel, K., Baumgart, U., Rümmele, P., Grauer, O., Bock, A., et al. (2004). Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-efficacy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Cancer 100, 1199-1207. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20073.
51. Heffernan, M. J., and Murthy, N. (2009). Disulfide-crosslinked polyion micelles for delivery of protein therapeutics. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 37, 1993-2002. doi: 10.1007/s10439-009-9734-x.
52. Herz, J., and Bock, H. H. (2002). Lipoprotein receptors in the nervous system. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 71, 405-434. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135342.
53. Hsiang, Y. H., and Liu, L. F. (1988). Identification of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I as an intracellular target of the anticancer drug camptothecin. Cancer Res. 48, 1722-1726.
54. Hu, Z., Luo, F., Pan, Y., Hou, C., Ren, L., Chen, J., et al. (2008). Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide conjugated poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene oxide) micelle for targeted drug delivery. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 85, 797-807. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31615.
55. Huang, G., Khemtong, C., Bey, E., Boothman, D., Sumer, B., and Gao, J. (2012). "Theranostic polymeric micelles for cancer imaging and therapy," in Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications. Nanostructure Science and Technology, eds S. Svenson and R. K. Prud'Homme (Springer), 257-276.
56. Huang, X., Zhang, F., Wang, H., Niu, G., Choi, K. Y., Swierczewska, M., et al. (2013). Mesenchymal stem cell-based cell engineering with multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tumor delivery. Biomaterials 34, 1772-1780. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.032.
57. Iyer, A. K., Greish, K., Seki, T., Okazaki, S., Fang, J., Takeshita, K., et al. (2007). Polymeric micelles of zinc protoporphyrin for tumor targeted delivery based on EPR effect and singlet oxygen generation. J. Drug Target 15, 496-506. doi: 10.1080/10611860701498252.
58. Jain, R. K. (1989). Delivery of novel therapeutic agents in tumors: physiological barriers and strategies. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81, 570-576. doi: 10.1093/jnci/81.8.570.
59. Jiang, X., Sha, X., Xin, H., Xu, X., Gu, J., Xia, W., et al. (2013). Integrin-facilitated transcytosis for enhanced penetration of advanced gliomas by poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based nanoparticles encapsulating paclitaxel. Biomaterials 34, 2969-2979. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.049.
60. Kabanov, A. V., Bronich, T. K., Kabanov, V. A., Yu, K., and Eisenberg, A. (1996). Soluble stoichiometric complexes from poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium) cations and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polymethacrylate anions. Macromolecules 29, 6797-6802. doi: 10.1021/ma960120k.
61. Kalaria, R. N., Homayoun, P., and Whitehouse, P. J. (1994). Nicotinic cholinergic receptors associated with mammalian cerebral vessels. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 49(Suppl), S3-S7. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(94)90078-7.
62. Kanazawa, T., Taki, H., Tanaka, K., Takashima, Y., and Okada, H. (2011). Cell-penetrating peptide-modified block copolymer micelles promote direct brain delivery via intranasal administration. Pharm. Res. 28, 2130-2139. doi: 10.1007/s11095-011-0440-7.
63. Kataoka, K., Harada, A., and Nagasaki, Y. (2001). Block copolymer micelles for drug delivery: design, characterization and biological significance. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 47, 113-131. doi: 10.1016/S0169-409X(00)00124-1.
64. Kataoka, K., Harada, A., Wakebayashi, D., and Nagasaki, Y. (1999). Polyion complex micelles with reactive aldehyde groups on their surface from plasmid DNA and end-functionalized charged block copolymers. Macromolecules 32, 6892-6894. doi: 10.1021/ma990973n.
65. ∈-position. Macromolecules 31, 6071-6076. doi: 10.1021/ma971838i.
66. Katayose, S., and Kataoka, K. (1997). Water-soluble polyion complex associates of DNA and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lysine) block copolymer. Bioconjug. Chem. 8, 702-707. doi: 10.1021/bc9701306.
67. Kato, K., Chin, K., Yoshikawa, T., Yamaguchi, K., Tsuji, Y., Esaki, T., et al. (2012). Phase, I.I. study of NK105, a paclitaxel-incorporating micellar nanoparticle, for previously treated advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Invest. New Drugs 30, 1621-1627. doi: 10.1007/s10637-011-9709-2.
68. Kawato, Y., Aonuma, M., Hirota, Y., Kuga, H., and Sato, K. (1991). Intracellular roles of SN-38, a metabolite of the camptothecin derivative CPT-11, in the antitumor effect of CPT-11. Cancer Res. 51, 4187-4191.
69. Kessinger, C. W., Togao, O., Khemtong, C., Huang, G., Takahashi, M., and Gao, J. (2011). Investigation of in vivo targeting kinetics of ανβ3-specific superparamagnetic nanoprobes by time-resolved MRI. Theranostics 1, 263-273. doi: 10.7150/thno/v01p0263.
70. Kim, D. W., Kim, S. Y., Kim, H. K., Kim, S. W., Shin, S. W., Kim, J. S., et al. (2007). Multicenter phase II trial of genexol-PM, a novel cremophor-free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel, with cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol. 18, 2009-2014. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdm374.
71. Kim, T. Y., Kim, D. W., Chung, J. Y., Shin, S. G., Kim, S. C., Heo, D. S., et al. (2004). Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of genexol-PM, a cremophor-free, polymeric micelle-formulated paclitaxel, in patients with advanced malignancies. Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 3708-3716. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0655.
72. Kunwar, S., Chang, S., Westphal, M., Vogelbaum, M., Sampson, J., Barnett, G., et al. (2010). Phase, I. I.I randomized trial of CED of IL13-PE38QQR vs gliadel wafers for recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol. 12, 871-881. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nop054.
73. Kunz, J., Krause, D., Kremer, M., and Dermietzel, R. (1994). The 140-kDa protein of blood-brain barrier-associated pericytes is identical to aminopeptidase N. J. Neurochem. 62, 2375-2386. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062375.x.
74. Kuo, Y. C., and Liang, C. T. (2011). Inhibition of human brain malignant glioblastoma cells using carmustine-loaded catanionic solid lipid nanoparticles with surface anti-epithelial growth factor receptor. Biomaterials 32, 3340-3350. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.048.
75. Kuroda, J., Kuratsu, J., Yasunaga, M., Koga, Y., Kenmotsu, H., Sugino, T., et al. (2010). Antitumor effect of NK012, a 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin-incorporating polymeric micelle, on U87MG orthotopic glioblastoma in mice compared with irinotecan hydrochloride in combination with bevacizumab. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 521-529. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-2393.
76. Kuroda, J., Kuratsu, J., Yasunaga, M., Koga, Y., Saito, Y., and Matsumura, Y. (2009). Potent antitumor effect of SN-38-incorporating polymeric micelle, NK012, against malignant glioma. Int. J. Cancer 124, 2505-2511. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24171.
77. Kwon, G. S., and Kataoka, K. (1995). Block copolymer micelles as long-circulating drug vehicles. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 16, 295-309. doi: 10.1016/0169-409X(95)00031-2.
78. Lavasanifar, A., Samuel, J., and Kwon, G. S. (2002). Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(L-amino acid) micelles for drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54, 169-190. doi: 10.1016/S0169-409X(02)00015-7.
79. Lee, K. S., Chung, H. C., Im, S. A., Park, Y. H., Kim, C. S., Kim, S. B., et al. (2008). Multicenter phase II trial of genexol-PM, a cremophor-free, polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 108, 241-250. doi: 10.1007/s10549-007-9591-y.
80. Lee, S., Saito, K., Lee, H. R., Lee, M. J., Shibasaki, Y., Oishi, Y., et al. (2012). Hyperbranched double hydrophilic block copolymer micelles of poly(ethylene oxide) and polyglycerol for pH-responsive drug delivery. Biomacromolecules 13, 1190-1196. doi: 10.1021/bm300151m.
81. Lesniak, M. S. (2005). Novel advances in drug delivery to brain cancer. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 4, 417-428.
82. Li, L., Guan, Y., Liu, H., Hao, N., Liu, T., Meng, X., et al. (2011). Silica nanorattle-doxorubicin-anchored mesenchymal stem cells for tumor-tropic therapy. ACS Nano 5, 7462-7470. doi: 10.1021/nn202399w.
83. Lim, W. T., Tan, E. H., Toh, C. K., Hee, S. W., Leong, S. S., Ang, P. C., et al. (2010). Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a weekly liposomal paclitaxel formulation (Genexol-PM) in patients with solid tumors. Ann. Oncol. 21, 382-388. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp315.
84. Liu, X., Cui, W., Li, B., and Hong, Z. (2012). Targeted therapy for glioma using cyclic RGD-entrapped polyionic complex nanomicelles. Int. J. Nanomed. 7, 2853-2862. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S29788.
85. Liu, Z., Jiang, M., Kang, T., Miao, D., Gu, G., Song, Q., et al. (2013). Lactoferrin-modified PEG-co-PCL nanoparticles for enhanced brain delivery of NAP peptide following intranasal administration. Biomaterials 34, 3870-3881. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.003.
86. MacKlin, K. D., Maus, A. D., Pereira, E. F., Albuquerque, E. X., and Conti-Fine, B. M. (1998). Human vascular endothelial cells express functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 435-439.
87. Maeda, H. (2001). The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature: the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 41, 189-207. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2571(00)00013-3.
88. Maher, E. A., Furnari, F. B., Bachoo, R. M., Rowitch, D. H., Louis, D. N., Cavenee, W. K., et al. (2001). Malignant glioma: genetics and biology of a grave matter. Genes Dev. 15, 1311-1333. doi: 10.1101/gad.891601.
89. Maier-Hauff, K., Ulrich, F., Nestler, D., Niehoff, H., Wust, P., Thiesen, B., et al. (2010). Efficacy and safety of intratumoral thermotherapy using magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles combined with external beam radiotherapy on patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J. Neurooncol. 103, 317-324. doi: 10.1007/s11060-010-0389-0.
90. Marin, A., Sun, H., Husseini, G. A., Pitt, W. G., Christensen, D. A., and Rapoport, N. Y. (2002). Drug delivery in pluronic micelles: effect of high-frequency ultrasound on drug release from micelles and intracellular uptake. J. Control Release 84, 39-47. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00262-6.
91. Matsumura, Y. (2008). Poly (amino acid) micelle nanocarriers in preclinical and clinical studies. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 899-914. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.010.
92. Matsumura, Y., Hamaguchi, T., Ura, T., Muro, K., Yamada, Y., Shimada, Y., et al. (2004). Phase I clinical trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of NK911, a micelle-encapsulated doxorubicin. Br. J. Cancer 91, 1775-1781. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602204.
93. Miller, T., Rachel, R., Besheer, A., Uezguen, S., Weigandt, M., and Goepferich, A. (2012). Comparative investigations on in vitro serum stability of polymeric micelle formulations. Pharm. Res. 29, 448-459. doi: 10.1007/s11095-011-0555-x.
94. Mu, C., Dave, N., Hu, J., Desai, P., Pauletti, G., Bai, S., et al. (2013). Solubilization of flurbiprofen into aptamer-modified PEG-PLA micelles for targeted delivery to brain-derived endothelial cells in vitro. J. Microencapsul. 30, 701-708. doi: 10.3109/02652048.2013.778907.
95. Nasongkla, N., Bey, E., Ren, J., Ai, H., Khemtong, C., Guthi, J. S., et al. (2006). Multifunctional polymeric micelles as cancer-targeted, MRI-ultrasensitive drug delivery systems. Nano Lett. 6, 2427-2430. doi: 10.1021/nl061412u.
96. Nishiyama, N., Kato, Y., Sugiyama, Y., and Kataoka, K. (2001). Cisplatin-loaded polymer-metal complex micelle with time-modulated decaying property as a novel drug delivery system. Pharm. Res. 18, 1035-1041. doi: 10.1023/A:1010908916184.
97. Nishiyama, N., Okazaki, S., Cabral, H., Miyamoto, M., Kato, Y., Sugiyama, Y., et al. (2003). Novel cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles can eradicate solid tumors in mice. Cancer Res. 63, 8977-8983.
98. Northfelt, D. W., Dezube, B. J., Thommes, J. A., Miller, B. J., Fischl, M. A., Friedman-Kien, A., et al. (1998). Pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: results of a randomized phase III clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 16, 2445-2451.
99. Oba, M., Fukushima, S., Kanayama, N., Aoyagi, K., Nishiyama, N., Koyama, H., et al. (2007). Cyclic, R.G.D peptide-conjugated polyplex micelles as a targetable gene delivery system directed to cells possessing alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins. Bioconjug. Chem. 18, 1415-1423. doi: 10.1021/bc0700133.
100. O'Brien, M. E., Wigler, N., Inbar, M., Rosso, R., Grischke, E., Santoro, A., et al. (2004). Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann. Oncol. 15, 440-449. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdh097.
101. Oliveira, S., Schiffelers, R. M., van der Veeken, J., van der Meel, R., Vongpromek, R., van Bergen En Henegouwen, P. M., et al. (2010). Downregulation of EGFR by a novel multivalent nanobody-liposome platform. J. Control Release 145, 165-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.03.020.
102. Orlowski, R. Z., Nagler, A., Sonneveld, P., Blade, J., Hajek, R., Spencer, A., et al. (2007). Randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus bortezomib compared with bortezomib alone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: combination therapy improves time to progression. J. Clin. Oncol. 25, 3892-3901. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.10.5460.
103. Osada, K., Christie, R. J., and Kataoka, K. (2009). Polymeric micelles from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(amino acid) block copolymer for drug and gene delivery. J. R. Soc. Interface 6(Suppl 3), S325-S339. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0547.focus.
104. Pardridge, W. M. (1992). Recent developments in peptide drug delivery to the brain. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 71, 3-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00512.x.
105. Pasqualini, R., Koivunen, E., Kain, R., Lahdenranta, J., Sakamoto, M., Stryhn, A., et al. (2000). Aminopeptidase N is a receptor for tumor-homing peptides and a target for inhibiting angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 60, 722-727.
106. Pathak, A., Kumar, P., Chuttani, K., Jain, S., Mishra, A. K., Vyas, S. P., et al. (2009). Gene expression, biodistribution, and pharmacoscintigraphic evaluation of chondroitin sulfate-PEI nanoconstructs mediated tumor gene therapy. ACS Nano 3, 1493-1505. doi: 10.1021/nn900044f.
107. Peters, D., Kastantin, M., Kotamraju, V. R., Karmali, P. P., Gujraty, K., Tirrell, M., et al. (2009). Targeting atherosclerosis by using modular, multifunctional micelles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 9815-9819. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0903369106.
108. Plummer, R., Wilson, R. H., Calvert, H., Boddy, A. V., Griffin, M., Sludden, J., et al. (2011). A Phase I clinical study of cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles (NC-6004) in patients with solid tumours. Br. J. Cancer 104, 593-598. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.6.
109. Prabaharan, M., Grailer, J. J., Steeber, D. A., and Gong, S. (2009). Thermosensitive micelles based on folate-conjugated poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Macromol. Biosci. 9, 744-753. doi: 10.1002/mabi.200800366.
110. Qiu, L. Y., and Bae, Y. H. (2007). Self-assembled polyethylenimine-graft-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) micelles as potential dual carriers of genes and anticancer drugs. Biomaterials 28, 4132-4142. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.035.
111. Rapoport, N. (2004). Combined cancer therapy by micellar-encapsulated drug and ultrasound. Int. J. Pharm. 277, 155-162. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.09.048.
112. Rapoport, N. (2007). Physical stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for anti-cancer drug delivery. Prog. Polym. Sci. 32, 962-990. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.009.
113. Ren, W.-H., Chang, J., Yan, C.-H., Qian, X.-M., Long, L.-X., He, B., et al. (2010). Development of transferrin functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(lactic acid) amphiphilic block copolymeric micelles as a potential delivery system targeting brain glioma. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 21, 2673-2681. doi: 10.1007/s10856-010-4106-5.
114. Roger, M., Clavreul, A., Venier-Julienne, M. C., Passirani, C., Sindji, L., Schiller, P., et al. (2010). Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular vehicles for delivery of nanoparticles to brain tumors. Biomaterials 31, 8393-8401. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.07.048.
115. Saif, M. W., Podoltsev, N. A., Rubin, M. S., Figueroa, J. A., Lee, M. Y., Kwon, J., et al. (2010). Phase, I. I. clinical trial of paclitaxel loaded polymeric micelle in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Invest. 28, 186-194. doi: 10.3109/07357900903179591.
116. Sampson, J. H., Akabani, G., Archer, G. E., Bigner, D. D., Berger, M. S., Friedman, A. H., et al. (2003). Progress report of a phase I study of the intracerebral microinfusion of a recombinant chimeric protein composed of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and a mutated form of the Pseudomonas exotoxin termed PE-38 (TP-38) for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. J. Neurooncol. 65, 27-35. doi: 10.1023/A:1026290315809.
117. Shangguan, D., Li, Y., Tang, Z., Cao, Z. C., Chen, H. W., Mallikaratchy, P., et al. (2006). Aptamers evolved from live cells as effective molecular probes for cancer study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 11838-11843. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0602615103.
118. Shen, J., Zhan, C., Xie, C., Meng, Q., Gu, B., Li, C., et al. (2011). Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(D,L-lactide acid) micelles anchored with angiopep-2 for brain-targeting delivery. J. Drug Target 19, 197-203. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2010.483517.
119. Shi, Y., van Steenbergen, M. J., Teunissen, E. A., Novo, L., Gradmann, S., Baldus, M., et al. (2013). Pi-pi stacking increases the stability and loading capacity of thermosensitive polymeric micelles for chemotherapeutic drugs. Biomacromolecules 14, 1826-1837. doi: 10.1021/bm400234c.
120. Simberg, D., Duza, T., Park, J. H., Essler, M., Pilch, J., Zhang, L., et al. (2007). Biomimetic amplification of nanoparticle homing to tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 932-936. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0610298104.
121. Soga, O., van Nostrum, C. F., Fens, M., Rijcken, C. J., Schiffelers, R. M., Storm, G., et al. (2005). Thermosensitive and biodegradable polymeric micelles for paclitaxel delivery. J. Control Release 103, 341-353. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.12.009.
122. Stupp, R., Hegi, M. E., Mason, W. P., van den Bent, M. J., Taphoorn, M. J., Janzer, R. C., et al. (2009). Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol. 10, 459-466. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7.
123. Stupp, R., Mason, W. P., van den Bent, M. J., Weller, M., Fisher, B., Taphoorn, M. J., et al. (2005). Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 987-996. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043330.
124. Sun, L., Ma, X., Dong, C. M., Zhu, B., and Zhu, X. (2012). NIR-responsive and lectin-binding doxorubicin-loaded nanomedicine from Janus-type dendritic PAMAM amphiphiles. Biomacromolecules 13, 3581-3591. doi: 10.1021/bm3010325.
125. Takahashi, A., Yamamoto, Y., Yasunaga, M., Koga, Y., Kuroda, J., Takigahira, M., et al. (2013). NC-6300, an epirubicin-incorporating micelle, extends the antitumor effect and reduces the cardiotoxicity of epirubicin. Cancer Sci. 104, 920-925. doi: 10.1111/cas.12153.
126. Talelli, M., Rijcken, C. J. F., Oliveira, S., van der Meel, R., van Bergen en Henegouwen, P. M. P., Lammers, T., et al. (2011). Nanobody-shell functionalized thermosensitive core-crosslinked polymeric micelles for active drug targeting. J. Control Release 151, 183-192. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.015.
127. Tang, R., Ji, W., Panus, D., Palumbo, R. N., and Wang, C. (2011). Block copolymer micelles with acid-labile ortho ester side-chains: synthesis, characterization, and enhanced drug delivery to human glioma cells. J. Control Release 151, 18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.12.005.
128. Tao, Y., Liu, R., Chen, M., Yang, C., and Liu, X. (2012). Cross-linked micelles of graftlike block copolymer bearing biodegradable e-caprolactone branches: a novel delivery carrier for paclitaxel. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 373-380. doi: 10.1039/c1jm13950a.
129. Thaci, B., Ahmed, A. U., Ulasov, I. V., Tobias, A. L., Han, Y., Aboody, K. S., et al. (2012). Pharmacokinetic study of neural stem cell-based cell carrier for oncolytic virotherapy: targeted delivery of the therapeutic payload in an orthotopic brain tumor model. Cancer Gene Ther. 19, 431-442. doi: 10.1038/cgt.2012.21.
130. Tiwari, S. B., and Amiji, M. M. (2006). A review of nanocarrier-based CNS delivery systems. Curr. Drug Deliv. 3, 219-232. doi: 10.2174/156720106776359230.
131. Tong, Y. C., Chang, S. F., Kao, W. W., Liu, C. Y., and Liaw, J. (2010). Polymeric micelle gene delivery of bcl-xL via eye drop reduced corneal apoptosis following epithelial debridement. J. Control Release 147, 76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.06.006.
132. Uchino, H., Matsumura, Y., Negishi, T., Koizumi, F., Hayashi, T., Honda, T., et al. (2005). Cisplatin-incorporating polymeric micelles (NC-6004) can reduce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of cisplatin in rats. Br. J. Cancer 93, 678-687. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602772.
133. Valle, J. W., Armstrong, A., Newman, C., Alakhov, V., Pietrzynski, G., Brewer, J., et al. (2011). A phase 2 study of SP1049C, doxorubicin in P-glycoprotein-targeting pluronics, in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Invest. New Drugs 29, 1029-1037. doi: 10.1007/s10637-010-9399-1.
134. Verma, M., Liu, S., Chen, Y., Meerasa, A., and Gu, F. (2012). Size-tunable nanoparticles composed of dextran-b-poly(D,L-lactide) for drug delivery applications. Nano Res. 5, 49-61. doi: 10.1007/s12274-011-0184-z.
135. Verrecchia, T., Spenlehauer, G., Bazile, D. V., Murry-Brelier, A., Archimbaud, Y., and Veillard, M. (1995). Non-stealth (poly(lactic acid/albumin)) and stealth (poly(lactic acid-polyethylene glycol)) nanoparticles as injectable drug carriers. J. Control Release 36, 49-61. doi: 10.1016/0168-3659(95)00053-B.
136. Vinchon-Petit, S., Jarnet, D., Paillard, A., Benoit, J. P., Garcion, E., and Menei, P. (2010). In vivo evaluation of intracellular drug-nanocarriers infused into intracranial tumours by convection-enhanced delivery: distribution and radiosensitisation efficacy. J. Neurooncol. 97, 195-205. doi: 10.1007/s11060-009-0012-4.
137. Weaver, M., and Laske, D. W. (2003). Transferrin receptor ligand-targeted toxin conjugate (Tf-CRM107) for therapy of malignant gliomas. J. Neurooncol. 65, 3-13. doi: 10.1023/A:1026246500788.
138. Webb, B. A., Chimenti, M., Jacobson, M. P., and Barber, D. L. (2011). Dysregulated pH: a perfect storm for cancer progression. Nat. Rev. Cancer 11, 671-677. doi: 10.1038/nrc3110.
139. Westphal, M., Ylä-Herttuala, S., Martin, J., Warnke, P., Menei, P., Eckland, D., et al. (2013). Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy with sitimagene ceradenovec followed by intravenous ganciclovir for patients with operable high-grade glioma (ASPECT): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 14, 823-833. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70274-2.
140. White, E., Bienemann, A., Taylor, H., Hopkins, K., Cameron, A., Gill, S., et al. (2012). A phase I trial of carboplatin administered by convection-enhanced delivery to patients with recurrent/progressive glioblastoma multiforme. Contemp. Clin. Trials 33, 320-331. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.10.010.
141. Wong, A. J., Bigner, S. H., Bigner, D. D., Kinzler, K. W., Hamilton, S. R., and Vogelstein, B. (1987). Increased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in malignant gliomas is invariably associated with gene amplification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 6899-6903. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.19.6899.
142. Xiao, Y., Hong, H., Javadi, A., Engle, J. W., Xu, W., Yang, Y., et al. (2012). Multifunctional unimolecular micelles for cancer-targeted drug delivery and positron emission tomography imaging. Biomaterials 33, 3071-3082. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.030.
143. Xie, Y. T., Du, Y. Z., Yuan, H., and Hu, F. Q. (2012). Brain-targeting study of stearic acid-grafted chitosan micelle drug-delivery system. Int. J. Nanomed. 7, 3235-3244. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S32701.
144. Xu, Y., Meng, F., Cheng, R., and Zhong, Z. (2009). Reduction-sensitive reversibly crosslinked biodegradable micelles for triggered release of doxorubicin. Macromol. Biosci. 9, 1254-1261. doi: 10.1002/mabi.200900233.
145. Yamamoto, M., Ikeda, K., Ohshima, K., Tsugu, H., Kimura, H., and Tomonaga, M. (1997). Increased expression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/α2-macroglobulin receptor in human malignant astrocytomas. Cancer Res. 57, 2799-2805.
146. Yang, M., Ding, Y., Zhang, L., Qian, X., Jiang, X., and Liu, B. (2007). Novel thermosensitive polymeric micelles for docetaxel delivery. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 81, 847-857. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31129.
147. Yin, T., Wang, P., Li, J., Zheng, R., Zheng, B., Cheng, D., et al. (2013). Ultrasound-sensitive siRNA-loaded nanobubbles formed by hetero-assembly of polymeric micelles and liposomes and their therapeutic effect in gliomas. Biomaterials 34, 4532-4543. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.067.
148. Yoo, H. S., Lee, E. A., and Park, T. G. (2002). Doxorubicin-conjugated biodegradable polymeric micelles having acid-cleavable linkages. J. Control Release 82, 17-27. doi: 10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00088-3.
149. Zhan, C., Gu, B., Xie, C., Li, J., Liu, Y., and Lu, W. (2010). Cyclic, R.G.D conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(lactic acid) micelle enhances paclitaxel anti-glioblastoma effect. J. Control Release 143, 136-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.12.020.
150. Zhan, C., Li, B., Hu, L., Wei, X., Feng, L., Fu, W., et al. (2011). Micelle-based brain-targeted drug delivery enabled by a nicotine acetylcholine receptor ligand. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 50, 5482-5485. doi: 10.1002/anie.201100875.
151. Zhan, C., Meng, Q., Li, Q., Feng, L., Zhu, J., and Lu, W. (2012a). Cyclic, R.G.D-polyethylene glycol-polyethylenimine for intracranial glioblastoma-targeted gene delivery. Chem. Asian J. 7, 91-96. doi: 10.1002/asia.201100570.
152. Zhan, C., Wei, X., Qian, J., Feng, L., Zhu, J., and Lu, W. (2012b). Co-delivery of TRAIL gene enhances the anti-glioblastoma effect of paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. J. Control Release 160, 630-636. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.022.
153. Zhang, P., Hu, L., Wang, Y., Wang, J., Feng, L., and Li, Y. (2010). Poly(e-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) micelles for brain-targeting drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo valuation. Pharm. Res. 27, 2657-2669. doi: 10.1007/s11095-010-0265-9.
154. Zhang, P., Hu, L., Yin, Q., Feng, L., and Li, Y. (2012a). Transferrin-modified c[RGDfK]-paclitaxel loaded hybrid micelle for sequential blood-brain barrier penetration and glioma targeting therapy. Mol. Pharm. 9, 1590-1598. doi: 10.1021/mp200600t.
155. Zhang, P., Hu, L., Yin, Q., Zhang, Z., Feng, L., and Li, Y. (2012b). Transferrin-conjugated polyphosphoester hybrid micelle loading paclitaxel for brain-targeting delivery: synthesis, preparation and in vivo evaluation. J. Control Release 159, 429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.031.
156. Zhao, B. J., Ke, X. Y., Huang, Y., Chen, X. M., Zhao, X., Zhao, B. X., et al. (2011). The antiangiogenic efficacy of NGR-modified PEG-DSPE micelles containing paclitaxel (NGR-M-PTX) for the treatment of glioma in rats. J. Drug Target 19, 382-309. doi: 10.3109/1061186X.2010.504267.
157. Zheng, C., Zheng, M., Gong, P., Deng, J., Yi, H., Zhang, P., et al. (2013). Polypeptide cationic micelles mediated co-delivery of docetaxel and siRNA for synergistic tumor therapy. Biomaterials 34, 3431-3438. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.053.
158. Zustovich, F., Landi, L., Lombardi, G., Porta, C., Galli, L., Fontana, A., et al. (2013). Sorafenib plus daily low-dose temozolomide for relapsed glioblastoma: a phase II study. Anticancer Res. 33, 3487-3494.