메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 31-53

Implicit social cognition

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84879230010     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4135/9781446247631.n3     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (30)

References (217)
  • 1
    • 79960490802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of automatic obesity stereotypes in real hiring discrimination
    • Agerström, J., and Rooth, D. The role of automatic obesity stereotypes in real hiring discrimination. Journal of Applied Psychology, (2011).96, 790-805.
    • (2011) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.96 , pp. 790-805
    • Agerström, J.1    Rooth, D.2
  • 3
    • 15244359496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attributions of implicit prejudice, or "would Jesse Jackson 'fail' the Implicit Association Test?"
    • Arkes, H.R., and Tetlock, P.E. Attributions of implicit prejudice, or "would Jesse Jackson 'fail' the Implicit Association Test?". Psychological Inquiry, (2004).15 (4), 257-278.
    • (2004) Psychological Inquiry , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 257-278
    • Arkes, H.R.1    Tetlock, P.E.2
  • 4
    • 0036688962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior
    • Asendorpf, J.B., Banse, R., and Mücke, D. Double dissociation between implicit and explicit personality self-concept: The case of shy behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2002).83 (2), 380-393.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 380-393
    • Asendorpf, J.B.1    Banse, R.2    Mücke, D.3
  • 5
  • 6
    • 0001885920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit attitudes can be measured
    • H.L.Roediger, J.S.Nairne, and I.Neath, & A.M.Surprenant (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Banaji, M.R. (2001). Implicit attitudes can be measured. In H.L.Roediger, J.S.Nairne, and I.Neath, & A.M.Surprenant (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 117-150). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (2001) The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder , pp. 117-150
    • Banaji, M.R.1
  • 7
    • 15244347553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No place for nostalgia in science: A response to Arkes and Tetlock
    • Banaji, M.R., Nosek, B.A., and Greenwald, A.G. No place for nostalgia in science: A response to Arkes and Tetlock. Psychological Inquiry, (2004).15 (4), 279-310.
    • (2004) Psychological Inquiry , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 279-310
    • Banaji, M.R.1    Nosek, B.A.2    Greenwald, A.G.3
  • 9
    • 67649562825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sorting paired features task: A measure of association strengths
    • Bar-Anan, Y., Nosek, B.A., and Vianello, M. The sorting paired features task: A measure of association strengths. Experimental Psychology, (2009).56 (5), 329-343.
    • (2009) Experimental Psychology , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 329-343
    • Bar-Anan, Y.1    Nosek, B.A.2    Vianello, M.3
  • 11
    • 3042772811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes
    • Barden, J., Maddux, W.W., Petty, R.E., and Brewer, M.B. Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2004).87 (1), 5-22.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-22
    • Barden, J.1    Maddux, W.W.2    Petty, R.E.3    Brewer, M.B.4
  • 13
    • 0014087021 scopus 로고
    • Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena
    • Bem, D.J. Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review, (1967).74 (3), 183-200.
    • (1967) Psychological Review , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-200
    • Bem, D.J.1
  • 14
    • 0036085865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice
    • Blair, I.V. The malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, (2002).6 (3), 242-261.
    • (2002) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 242-261
    • Blair, I.V.1
  • 16
    • 0034305304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited?
    • Bosson, J.K., Swann, W.B., and Pennebaker, J.W. Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2000).79 (4), 631-643.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 631-643
    • Bosson, J.K.1    Swann, W.B.2    Pennebaker, J.W.3
  • 17
    • 19144371295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirectly measuring evaluations of several attitude objects in relation to a neutral reference point
    • Brendl, C.M., Markman, A.B., and Messner, C. Indirectly measuring evaluations of several attitude objects in relation to a neutral reference point. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2005).41 (4), 346-368.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 346-368
    • Brendl, C.M.1    Markman, A.B.2    Messner, C.3
  • 18
    • 65749098010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit measurement of sexual associations in child sex abusers: Role of victim type and denial
    • Brown, A.S., Gray, N.S., and Snowden, R.J. Implicit measurement of sexual associations in child sex abusers: Role of victim type and denial. Sexual Abuse, (2009).21 (2), 166-180.
    • (2009) Sexual Abuse , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-180
    • Brown, A.S.1    Gray, N.S.2    Snowden, R.J.3
  • 19
    • 12344251150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Implicit Association Test's D measure can minimize a cognitive skill confound: Comment on McFarland and Crouch (2002)
    • Cai, H., Sriram, N., Greenwald, A.G., and McFarland, S.G. The Implicit Association Test's D measure can minimize a cognitive skill confound: Comment on McFarland and Crouch (2002). Social Cognition, (2004).22, 673-684.
    • (2004) Social Cognition , vol.22 , pp. 673-684
    • Cai, H.1    Sriram, N.2    Greenwald, A.G.3    McFarland, S.G.4
  • 20
    • 33751224822 scopus 로고
    • Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multi method matrix
    • Campbell, D.T., and Fiske, D.W. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multi method matrix. Psychological Bulletin, (1959).56, 81-105.
    • (1959) Psychological Bulletin , vol.56 , pp. 81-105
    • Campbell, D.T.1    Fiske, D.W.2
  • 23
    • 78651354249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit attitudes predict smoking cessation: Moderating effects of experienced failure to control smoking and plans to quit
    • Chassin, L., Presson, C.C., Sherman, S.J., Seo, D., and Macy, J.T. Implicit and explicit attitudes predict smoking cessation: Moderating effects of experienced failure to control smoking and plans to quit. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, (2010).24 (4), 670-679.
    • (2010) Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 670-679
    • Chassin, L.1    Presson, C.C.2    Sherman, S.J.3    Seo, D.4    Macy, J.T.5
  • 24
    • 4043096406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Societal and managerial implications of implicit social cognition: Why milliseconds matter
    • Chugh, D. Societal and managerial implications of implicit social cognition: Why milliseconds matter. Social Justice Research, (2004).17 (2), 203-222.
    • (2004) Social Justice Research , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-222
    • Chugh, D.1
  • 26
    • 58149438731 scopus 로고
    • Construct validity in psychological tests
    • Cronbach, L.J., and Meehl, P.E. Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, (1955).52, 281-302.
    • (1955) Psychological Bulletin , vol.52 , pp. 281-302
    • Cronbach, L.J.1    Meehl, P.E.2
  • 27
    • 0035287103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity
    • Cunningham, W.A., Preacher, K.J., and Banaji, M.R. Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity. Psychological Science, (2001).12 (2), 163-170.
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-170
    • Cunningham, W.A.1    Preacher, K.J.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 29
  • 30
    • 10644276099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing is believing: Exposure to counterstereotypic women leaders and its effect on automatic gender stereotyping
    • Dasgupta, N., and Asgari, S. Seeing is believing: Exposure to counterstereotypic women leaders and its effect on automatic gender stereotyping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2004).40, 642-658.
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 642-658
    • Dasgupta, N.1    Asgari, S.2
  • 31
    • 85047683742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the malleability of automatic attitudes: Combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals
    • Dasgupta, N., and Greenwald, A.G. On the malleability of automatic attitudes: Combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2001).81 (5), 800-814.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 800-814
    • Dasgupta, N.1    Greenwald, A.G.2
  • 32
    • 0038229785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A structural analysis of indirect measures of attitudes
    • J.Musch, and K.C.Klauer (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • De Houwer, J. (2003a). A structural analysis of indirect measures of attitudes. In J.Musch, and K.C.Klauer (Eds.), The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion (pp. 219-244). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (2003) The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion , pp. 219-244
    • De Houwer, J.1
  • 33
    • 0037630285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task
    • De Houwer, J. The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task. Experimental Psychology, (2003b).50 (2), 77-85.
    • (2003) Experimental Psychology , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 77-85
    • De Houwer, J.1
  • 35
    • 34547319606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implicit association test outperforms the extrinsic affective Simon task as an implicit measure of inter-individual differences in attitudes
    • De Houwer, J., and De Bruycker, E. The implicit association test outperforms the extrinsic affective Simon task as an implicit measure of inter-individual differences in attitudes. British Journal of Social Psychology, (2007).46 (2), 401-421.
    • (2007) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 401-421
    • De Houwer, J.1    De Bruycker, E.2
  • 36
    • 78649442762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit measures: Similarities and differences
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford
    • De Houwer, J., and Moors, A. (2010). Implicit measures: Similarities and differences. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition (pp. 176-196). New York: Guilford.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition , pp. 176-196
    • De Houwer, J.1    Moors, A.2
  • 41
    • 0039722413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit anxiety measure predicts cardiovascular reactivity to an evaluated speaking task
    • Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F.H., Neubauer, D.H., Mauss, I.B., and Gross, J.J. Implicit anxiety measure predicts cardiovascular reactivity to an evaluated speaking task. Emotion, (2002).2 (1), 3-11.
    • (2002) Emotion , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-11
    • Egloff, B.1    Wilhelm, F.H.2    Neubauer, D.H.3    Mauss, I.B.4    Gross, J.J.5
  • 42
    • 77957037781 scopus 로고
    • Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework
    • M.P.Zanna (Ed.), New York: Academic Press
    • Fazio, R.H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M.P.Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75-109). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1990) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.23 , pp. 75-109
    • Fazio, R.H.1
  • 43
    • 0029448299 scopus 로고
    • Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?
    • Fazio, R.H., Jackson, J.R., Dunton, B.C., and Williams, C.J. Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (1995).69 (6), 1013-1027.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , Issue.6 , pp. 1013-1027
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Jackson, J.R.2    Dunton, B.C.3    Williams, C.J.4
  • 44
    • 0013107307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use
    • Fazio, R.H., and Olson, M.A. Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology, (2003).54 (1), 297-327.
    • (2003) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 297-327
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Olson, M.A.2
  • 48
    • 33144469847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faking the IAT: Aided and unaided response control on the Implicit Association Tests
    • Fiedler, K., and Bluemke, M. Faking the IAT: Aided and unaided response control on the Implicit Association Tests. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, (2005).27 (4), 307-316.
    • (2005) Basic & Applied Social Psychology , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 307-316
    • Fiedler, K.1    Bluemke, M.2
  • 49
    • 34548473303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit but not explicit self-esteem predicts future depressive symptomatology
    • Franck, E., Raedt, R.D., and Houwer, J.D. Implicit but not explicit self-esteem predicts future depressive symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, (2007).45 (10), 2448-2455.
    • (2007) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , Issue.10 , pp. 2448-2455
    • Franck, E.1    Raedt, R.D.2    Houwer, J.D.3
  • 51
    • 34748888320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting voting behavior with implicit attitude measures: The 2002 German parliamentary election
    • Friese, M., Bluemke, M., and Wänke, M. Predicting voting behavior with implicit attitude measures: The 2002 German parliamentary election. Experimental Psychology, (2007).54 (4), 247-255.
    • (2007) Experimental Psychology , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 247-255
    • Friese, M.1    Bluemke, M.2    Wänke, M.3
  • 52
    • 48749129167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When impulses take over: Moderated predictive validity of explicit and implicit attitude measures in predicting food choice and consumption behaviour
    • Friese, M., Hofmann, W., and Wänke, M. When impulses take over: Moderated predictive validity of explicit and implicit attitude measures in predicting food choice and consumption behaviour. The British Journal of Social Psychology, (2008).47 (3), 397-419.
    • (2008) The British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-419
    • Friese, M.1    Hofmann, W.2    Wänke, M.3
  • 53
    • 50149097619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic mental associations predict future choices of undecided decision-makers
    • Galdi, S., Arcuri, L., and Gawronski, B. Automatic mental associations predict future choices of undecided decision-makers. Science, (2008).321 (5892), 1100-1102.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , Issue.5892 , pp. 1100-1102
    • Galdi, S.1    Arcuri, L.2    Gawronski, B.3
  • 54
    • 32644461799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessibility effects on implicit social cognition: The role of knowledge activation versus retrieval experiences
    • Gawronski, B., and Bodenhausen, G.V. Accessibility effects on implicit social cognition: The role of knowledge activation versus retrieval experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2005)89, 672-685
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 672-685
    • Gawronski, B.1    Bodenhausen, G.V.2
  • 55
    • 33748124141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change
    • Gawronski, B., and Bodenhausen, G.V. Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, (2006).132 (5), 692-731.
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , Issue.5 , pp. 692-731
    • Gawronski, B.1    Bodenhausen, G.V.2
  • 56
    • 48749097604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding patterns of attitude change: When implicit measures show change, but explicit measures do not
    • Gawronski, B., and LeBel, E.P. Understanding patterns of attitude change: When implicit measures show change, but explicit measures do not. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2008).44 (5), 1355-1361.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.44 , Issue.5 , pp. 1355-1361
    • Gawronski, B.1    LeBel, E.P.2
  • 58
    • 55949094336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes mental associations personal or extra-personal? Conceptual issues in the methodological debate about implicit attitude measures
    • Gawronski, B., Peters, K.R., and LeBel, E.P. What makes mental associations personal or extra-personal? Conceptual issues in the methodological debate about implicit attitude measures. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, (2008).2 (2), 1002-1023.
    • (2008) Social and Personality Psychology Compass , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 1002-1023
    • Gawronski, B.1    Peters, K.R.2    LeBel, E.P.3
  • 59
    • 77955865277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation, change and contextualization of mental associations: Determinants and principles of variations in implicit measures
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Gawronski, B., and Sritharan, R. (2010). Formation, change and contextualization of mental associations: Determinants and principles of variations in implicit measures. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications
    • Gawronski, B.1    Sritharan, R.2
  • 60
    • 49149113486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TAR effect: When the ones who dislike become the ones who are disliked
    • Gawronski, B., and Walther, E. The TAR effect: When the ones who dislike become the ones who are disliked. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, (2008).34 (9), 1276-1289.
    • (2008) Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 1276-1289
    • Gawronski, B.1    Walther, E.2
  • 61
    • 27144489422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive consistency and the formation of interpersonal attitudes: Cognitive balance affects the encoding of social information
    • Gawronski, B., Walther, E., and Blank, H. Cognitive consistency and the formation of interpersonal attitudes: Cognitive balance affects the encoding of social information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2005).41 (6), 618-626.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 618-626
    • Gawronski, B.1    Walther, E.2    Blank, H.3
  • 62
    • 77956632648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorder-specific automatic self-associations in depression and anxiety: Results of the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety
    • Glashouwer, K.A., and de Jong, P.J. Disorder-specific automatic self-associations in depression and anxiety: Results of the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. Psychological Medicine, (2010).40 (07), 1101-1111.
    • (2010) Psychological Medicine , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 1101-1111
    • Glashouwer, K.A.1    de Jong, P.J.2
  • 63
    • 34547754671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the Vienna social competence training on explicit and implicit aggression: Evidence from an aggressiveness-IAT
    • Gollwitzer, M., Banse, R., Eisenbach, K., and Naumann, A. Effectiveness of the Vienna social competence training on explicit and implicit aggression: Evidence from an aggressiveness-IAT. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, (2007).23 (3), 150-156.
    • (2007) European Journal of Psychological Assessment , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 150-156
    • Gollwitzer, M.1    Banse, R.2    Eisenbach, K.3    Naumann, A.4
  • 64
    • 0000901038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans
    • Gollwitzer, P.M. Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, (1999).54 (7), 493-503.
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , Issue.7 , pp. 493-503
    • Gollwitzer, P.M.1
  • 66
    • 64049090194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and prejudice: Diminished regulation of automatic race bias among older adults
    • Gonsalkorale, K., Sherman, J.W., and Klauer, K.C. Aging and prejudice: Diminished regulation of automatic race bias among older adults. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2009).45 (2), 410-414.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 410-414
    • Gonsalkorale, K.1    Sherman, J.W.2    Klauer, K.C.3
  • 67
    • 2342624109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing the affective valence of the stimulus items influences the IAT by re-defining the category labels
    • Govan, C.L., and Williams, K.D. Changing the affective valence of the stimulus items influences the IAT by re-defining the category labels. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2004).40 (3), 357-365.
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-365
    • Govan, C.L.1    Williams, K.D.2
  • 69
    • 0016437295 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis
    • Greenwald, A.G. Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, (1975).82, 1-20.
    • (1975) Psychological Bulletin , vol.82 , pp. 1-20
    • Greenwald, A.G.1
  • 70
    • 84949916458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invited address at meeting of the Person Memory Interest Group, Coeur d'Alene, ID
    • Greenwald, A.G. (2001). Nothing so practical as a good method. Invited address at meeting of the Person Memory Interest Group, Coeur d'Alene, ID.
    • (2001) Nothing so practical as a good method
    • Greenwald, A.G.1
  • 71
    • 0029202423 scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
    • Greenwald, A.G., and Banaji, M.R. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, (1995).102 (1), 4-27.
    • (1995) Psychological Review , vol.102 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-27
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 73
    • 33748787747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit bias: Scientific foundations
    • Greenwald, A.G., and Krieger, L.H. Implicit bias: Scientific foundations. California Law Review, (2006).94 (4), 945-967.
    • (2006) California Law Review , vol.94 , Issue.4 , pp. 945-967
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Krieger, L.H.2
  • 74
    • 0032084985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test
    • Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., and Schwartz, J.L.K. Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (1998).74 (6), 1464-1480.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , Issue.6 , pp. 1464-1480
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    McGhee, D.E.2    Schwartz, J.L.K.3
  • 75
    • 84920440494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudinal dissociation: What does it mean?
    • R.E.Petty, and R.H.Fazio, & P.Brinol (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Greenwald, A.G., and Nosek, B.A. (2008). Attitudinal dissociation: What does it mean? In R.E.Petty, and R.H.Fazio, & P.Brinol (Eds.), Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures (pp. 65-82). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (2008) Attitudes: Insights from the new implicit measures , pp. 65-82
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Nosek, B.A.2
  • 76
    • 0042549769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm
    • Greenwald, A.G., Nosek, B.A., and Banaji, M.R. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2003).85 (2), 197-216.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-216
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Nosek, B.A.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 79
    • 0017917513 scopus 로고
    • Twenty years of cognitive dissonance: Case study of the evolution of a theory
    • Greenwald, A.G., and Ronis, D.L. Twenty years of cognitive dissonance: Case study of the evolution of a theory. Psychological Review, (1978).85 (1), 53-57.
    • (1978) Psychological Review , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-57
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Ronis, D.L.2
  • 81
    • 31644440596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Easier done than undone: Asymmetry in the malleability of implicit preferences
    • Gregg, A.P., Seibt, B., and Banaji, M.R. Easier done than undone: Asymmetry in the malleability of implicit preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2006).90 (1), 1-20.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Gregg, A.P.1    Seibt, B.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 83
    • 0003351328 scopus 로고
    • (3rd ed., J.P.C.Southall, Trans.). Menasha, WI: Banta. (Original 3rd ed. published 1910.)
    • Helmholtz, H. (1925). Treatise on physiological optics (3rd ed., Vol. 3; J.P.C.Southall, Trans.). Menasha, WI: Banta. (Original 3rd ed. published 1910.)
    • (1925) Treatise on physiological optics , vol.3
    • Helmholtz, H.1
  • 84
    • 0033448793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two roads to positive regard: Implicit and explicit self-evaluation and culture
    • Hetts, J.J., Sakuma, M., and Pelham, B.W. Two roads to positive regard: Implicit and explicit self-evaluation and culture. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (1999).35 (6), 512-559.
    • (1999) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 512-559
    • Hetts, J.J.1    Sakuma, M.2    Pelham, B.W.3
  • 86
    • 26444502065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis on the correlation between the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-report measures
    • Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H., and Schmitt, M. A meta-analysis on the correlation between the Implicit Association Test and explicit self-report measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, (2005).31 (10), 1369-1385.
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 1369-1385
    • Hofmann, W.1    Gawronski, B.2    Gschwendner, T.3    Le, H.4    Schmitt, M.5
  • 87
    • 39149124849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit attitudes and interracial interaction: The moderating role of situationally available control resources
    • Hofmann, W., Gschwendner, T., Castelli, L., and Schmitt, M. Implicit and explicit attitudes and interracial interaction: The moderating role of situationally available control resources. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, (2008).11 (1), 69-87.
    • (2008) Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-87
    • Hofmann, W.1    Gschwendner, T.2    Castelli, L.3    Schmitt, M.4
  • 89
    • 0348252256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facing prejudice: Implicit prejudice and the perception of facial threat
    • Hugenberg, K., and Bodenhausen, G.V. Facing prejudice: Implicit prejudice and the perception of facial threat. Psychological Science, (2003).14 (6), 640-643.
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 640-643
    • Hugenberg, K.1    Bodenhausen, G.V.2
  • 90
    • 4043130757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo
    • Jost, J.T., Banaji, M.R., and Nosek, B.A. A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, (2004).25 (6), 881-919.
    • (2004) Political Psychology , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 881-919
    • Jost, J.T.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Nosek, B.A.3
  • 91
    • 0036873425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-conscious forms of system justification: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral preferences for higher status groups
    • Jost, J.T., Pelham, B.W., and Carvallo, M.R. Non-conscious forms of system justification: Cognitive, affective, and behavioral preferences for higher status groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2002).38 (6), 586.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 586
    • Jost, J.T.1    Pelham, B.W.2    Carvallo, M.R.3
  • 92
    • 70649099959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore
    • Jost, J.T., Rudman, L.A., Blair, I.V., Carney, D.R., Dasgupta, N., Glaser, J., et al. The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore. Research in Organizational Behavior, (2009).29, 39-69.
    • (2009) Research in Organizational Behavior , vol.29 , pp. 39-69
    • Jost, J.T.1    Rudman, L.A.2    Blair, I.V.3    Carney, D.R.4    Dasgupta, N.5    Glaser, J.6
  • 93
    • 77955856047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The surprisingly limited malleability of implicit racial evaluations
    • Joy-Gaba, J.A., and Nosek, B.A. The surprisingly limited malleability of implicit racial evaluations. Social Psychology, (2010).41 (3), 137-146.
    • (2010) Social Psychology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 137-146
    • Joy-Gaba, J.A.1    Nosek, B.A.2
  • 94
    • 0001507104 scopus 로고
    • Schematic effects of social attitudes on information processing and recall
    • Judd, C.M., and Kulik, J.A. Schematic effects of social attitudes on information processing and recall. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (1980).38 (4), 569-578.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-578
    • Judd, C.M.1    Kulik, J.A.2
  • 96
    • 37649017378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Breadth-Based Adjective Rating Task (BART) as an indirect measure of self-esteem
    • Karpinski, A., Steinberg, J.A., Versek, B., and Alloy, L.B. The Breadth-Based Adjective Rating Task (BART) as an indirect measure of self-esteem. Social Cognition, (2007).25 (6), 778-818.
    • (2007) Social Cognition , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 778-818
    • Karpinski, A.1    Steinberg, J.A.2    Versek, B.3    Alloy, L.B.4
  • 97
    • 33746323654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a measure of implicit social cognition
    • Karpinski, A., and Steinman, R.B. The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a measure of implicit social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2006).91 (1), 16-32.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-32
    • Karpinski, A.1    Steinman, R.B.2
  • 98
    • 22144471225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude importance as a moderator of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitude measures
    • Karpinski, A., Steinman, R.B., and Hilton, J.L. Attitude importance as a moderator of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitude measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, (2005).31 (7), 949-962.
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 949-962
    • Karpinski, A.1    Steinman, R.B.2    Hilton, J.L.3
  • 99
    • 0034185662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation
    • Kawakami, K., Dovidio, J.F., Moll, J., Hermsen, S., and Russin, A. Just say no (to stereotyping): Effects of training in the negation of stereotypic associations on stereotype activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2000).78 (5), 871-888.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.78 , Issue.5 , pp. 871-888
    • Kawakami, K.1    Dovidio, J.F.2    Moll, J.3    Hermsen, S.4    Russin, A.5
  • 100
    • 0037367305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary controllability of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)
    • Kim, D.Y. (2003). Voluntary controllability of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Social Psychology Quarterly, 83-96.
    • (2003) Social Psychology Quarterly , pp. 83-96
    • Kim, D.Y.1
  • 102
    • 84949916460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach and avoidance tendencies in spider fearful children: The Approach-Avoidance Task
    • Klein, A.M., Becker, E.S., and Rinck, M. (2010). Approach and avoidance tendencies in spider fearful children: The Approach-Avoidance Task. Journal of Child and Family Studies.
    • (2010) Journal of Child and Family Studies
    • Klein, A.M.1    Becker, E.S.2    Rinck, M.3
  • 103
  • 104
    • 61449179452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close encounters of the initial kind: Implicit self-esteem, name-letter similarity, and social distance
    • Kocan, S.E., and Curtis, G.J. Close encounters of the initial kind: Implicit self-esteem, name-letter similarity, and social distance. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, (2009).31 (1), 17-23.
    • (2009) Basic & Applied Social Psychology , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Kocan, S.E.1    Curtis, G.J.2
  • 106
    • 36148940366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: IV: What we know (so far) about the method
    • B.Wittenbrink, and N.Schwarz (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Lane, K.A., Banaji, M.R., Nosek, B.A., and Greenwald, A.G. (2007). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: IV: What we know (so far) about the method. In B.Wittenbrink, and N.Schwarz (Eds.), Implicit measures of attitudes (pp. 59-102). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2007) Implicit measures of attitudes , pp. 59-102
    • Lane, K.A.1    Banaji, M.R.2    Nosek, B.A.3    Greenwald, A.G.4
  • 108
    • 47149084683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social anxiety and evaluation of social crowds: Explicit and implicit measures
    • Lange, W., Keijsers, G., Becker, E.S., and Rinck, M. Social anxiety and evaluation of social crowds: Explicit and implicit measures. Behaviour Research and Therapy, (2008).46 (8), 932-943.
    • (2008) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 932-943
    • Lange, W.1    Keijsers, G.2    Becker, E.S.3    Rinck, M.4
  • 109
    • 79951508317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the seeds of relationship decay
    • Lee, S., Rogge, R.D., and Reis, H.T. Assessing the seeds of relationship decay. Psychological Science, (2010).21 (6), 857-864.
    • (2010) Psychological Science , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 857-864
    • Lee, S.1    Rogge, R.D.2    Reis, H.T.3
  • 110
    • 58449102420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alienable speech: Ideological variations in the application of free-speech principles
    • Lindner, N.M., and Nosek, B.A. Alienable speech: Ideological variations in the application of free-speech principles. Political Psychology, (2009).30 (1), 67-92.
    • (2009) Political Psychology , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-92
    • Lindner, N.M.1    Nosek, B.A.2
  • 111
    • 85047669288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are we really priming? Cue-based versus category-based processing of facial stimuli
    • Livingston, R.W., and Brewer, M.B. What are we really priming? Cue-based versus category-based processing of facial stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2002).82 (1), 5-18.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Livingston, R.W.1    Brewer, M.B.2
  • 113
    • 62649102376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of implicit moral attitudes on managerial decision-making: An implicit social cognition approach
    • Marquardt, N., and Hoeger, R. The effect of implicit moral attitudes on managerial decision-making: An implicit social cognition approach. Journal of Business Ethics, (2009).85 (2), 157-171.
    • (2009) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-171
    • Marquardt, N.1    Hoeger, R.2
  • 114
    • 0002114837 scopus 로고
    • Modern racism, ambivalance, and the modern racism scale
    • J.F.Dovidio, and S.L.Gaertner (Eds.), New York: Academic Press
    • McConahay, J.B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalance, and the modern racism scale. In J.F.Dovidio, and S.L.Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. 91-126). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1986) Prejudice, discrimination and racism , pp. 91-126
    • McConahay, J.B.1
  • 115
    • 0035188623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations among the Implicit Association Test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes
    • McConnell, A.R., and Leibold, J.M. Relations among the Implicit Association Test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2001).37 (5), 435-442.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 435-442
    • McConnell, A.R.1    Leibold, J.M.2
  • 117
    • 0346361739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method-specific variance in the Implicit Association Test
    • Mierke, J., and Klauer, K.C. Method-specific variance in the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2003).85 (6), 1180-1192.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , Issue.6 , pp. 1180-1192
    • Mierke, J.1    Klauer, K.C.2
  • 119
    • 0038510009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movements to smoking-related pictures in smokers: Relationship between attentional biases and implicit and explicit measures of stimulus valence
    • Mogg, K., Bradley, B.P., Field, M., and De Houwer, J. Eye movements to smoking-related pictures in smokers: relationship between attentional biases and implicit and explicit measures of stimulus valence. Addiction, (2003).98 (6), 825-836.
    • (2003) Addiction , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 825-836
    • Mogg, K.1    Bradley, B.P.2    Field, M.3    De Houwer, J.4
  • 120
    • 77950233342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting pilots' risk-taking behavior through an Implicit Association Test
    • Molesworth, B.R.C., and Chang, B. Predicting pilots' risk-taking behavior through an Implicit Association Test. Human Factors, (2009).51 (6), 845-857.
    • (2009) Human Factors , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 845-857
    • Molesworth, B.R.C.1    Chang, B.2
  • 121
    • 33645111993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automaticity: A conceptual and theoretical analysis
    • Moors, A., and De Houwer, J. Automaticity: A conceptual and theoretical analysis. Psychological Bulletin, (2006).132, 297-326.
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 297-326
    • Moors, A.1    De Houwer, J.2
  • 122
    • 58149405130 scopus 로고
    • The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments
    • Nisbett, R.E., and Wilson, T.D. The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (1977).35 (4), 250-256.
    • (1977) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 250-256
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Wilson, T.D.2
  • 124
    • 28744438549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderators of the relationship between implicit and explicit evaluation
    • Nosek, B.A. Moderators of the relationship between implicit and explicit evaluation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, (2005).134 (4), 565-584.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.134 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-584
    • Nosek, B.A.1
  • 125
    • 34247620286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the individual implicitly and explicitly
    • Nosek, B.A. Understanding the individual implicitly and explicitly. International Journal of Psychology, (2007).42 (3), 184-188.
    • (2007) International Journal of Psychology , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 184-188
    • Nosek, B.A.1
  • 126
    • 0035528241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The go/no-go association task
    • Nosek, B.A., and Banaji, M.R. The go/no-go association task. Social Cognition, (2001).19 (6), 625-666.
    • (2001) Social Cognition , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 625-666
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 129
    • 65549102485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Part of) the case for a pragmatic approach to validity: Comment on De Houwer, Teige-Mocigemba, Spruyt, and Moors (2009)
    • Nosek, B.A., and Greenwald, A.G. (Part of) the case for a pragmatic approach to validity: Comment on De Houwer, Teige-Mocigemba, Spruyt, and Moors (2009). Psychological Bulletin, (2009).135 (3), 373-376.
    • (2009) Psychological Bulletin , vol.135 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-376
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Greenwald, A.G.2
  • 130
    • 12944261961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method variables and construct validity
    • Nosek, B.A., Greenwald, A.G., and Banaji, M.R. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method variables and construct validity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, (2005).31 (2), 166-180.
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-180
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Greenwald, A.G.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 132
    • 55949089642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalizing the Implicit Association Test increases explicit evaluation of target concepts
    • Nosek, B.A., and Hansen, J.J. Personalizing the Implicit Association Test increases explicit evaluation of target concepts. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, (2008a).25, 226-236.
    • (2008) European Journal of Psychological Assessment , vol.25 , pp. 226-236
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Hansen, J.J.2
  • 133
    • 49949112316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The associations in our heads belong to us: Searching for attitudes and knowledge in implicit evaluation
    • Nosek, B.A., and Hansen, J.J. The associations in our heads belong to us: Searching for attitudes and knowledge in implicit evaluation. Cognition and Emotion, (2008b).22, 553-594.
    • (2008) Cognition and Emotion , vol.22 , pp. 553-594
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Hansen, J.J.2
  • 136
    • 33847301447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Implicit Association Test: Implicit and explicit attitudes are related but distinct constructs
    • Nosek, B.A., and Smyth, F.L. A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Implicit Association Test: Implicit and explicit attitudes are related but distinct constructs. Experimental Psychology, (2007).54 (1), 14-29.
    • (2007) Experimental Psychology , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-29
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Smyth, F.L.2
  • 137
    • 80052608485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognitions predict sex differences in math engagement and achievement
    • Nosek, B.A., and Smyth, F.L. (2011). Implicit social cognitions predict sex differences in math engagement and achievement. American Educational Research Journal.
    • (2011) American Educational Research Journal
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Smyth, F.L.2
  • 138
    • 67649774585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National differences in gender-science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement
    • Nosek, B.A., Smyth, F.L., Sriram, N., Lindner, N.M., Devos, T., Ayala, A., et al. National differences in gender-science stereotypes predict national sex differences in science and math achievement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2009).106 (26), 10593-10597.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.106 , Issue.26 , pp. 10593-10597
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Smyth, F.L.2    Sriram, N.3    Lindner, N.M.4    Devos, T.5    Ayala, A.6
  • 139
    • 55949111399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faulty assumptions: A comment on Blanton, Jaccard, Gonzales, and Christie (2006)
    • Nosek, B.A., and Sriram, N. Faulty assumptions: A comment on Blanton, Jaccard, Gonzales, and Christie (2006). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2007).43, 393-398.
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 393-398
    • Nosek, B.A.1    Sriram, N.2
  • 140
    • 84985853324 scopus 로고
    • Narcissism beyond Gestalt and awareness: The name letter effect
    • Nuttin, J.M. Narcissism beyond Gestalt and awareness: The name letter effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, (1985).15, 353-361.
    • (1985) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 353-361
    • Nuttin, J.M.1
  • 142
    • 0346991529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations between implicit measures of prejudice
    • Olson, M.A., and Fazio, R.H. Relations between implicit measures of prejudice. Psychological Science, (2003).14 (6), 636-639.
    • (2003) Psychological Science , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 636-639
    • Olson, M.A.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 143
    • 33746725965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing automatically activated racial prejudice through implicit evaluative conditioning
    • Olson, M.A., and Fazio, R.H. Reducing automatically activated racial prejudice through implicit evaluative conditioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, (2006).32 (4), 421-433.
    • (2006) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-433
    • Olson, M.A.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 144
    • 2442557248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT
    • Olson, M.A., and Fazio, R.H. Reducing the influence of extrapersonal associations on the Implicit Association Test: Personalizing the IAT. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2004).86 (5), 653-667.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 653-667
    • Olson, M.A.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 145
    • 0002451731 scopus 로고
    • Interdependence of attitude and measurement
    • A.R.Pratkanis, and S.J.Breckler (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Ostrom, T.M. (1989). Interdependence of attitude and measurement. In A.R.Pratkanis, and S.J.Breckler (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 11-36). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1989) Attitude structure and function , pp. 11-36
    • Ostrom, T.M.1
  • 146
    • 0033248404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: Evidence from affective priming tasks
    • Otten, S., and Wentura, D. About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: Evidence from affective priming tasks. European Journal of Social Psychology, (1999).29 (8), 1049-1071.
    • (1999) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1049-1071
    • Otten, S.1    Wentura, D.2
  • 147
    • 56349165562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • With a little help from my cross-group friend: Reducing anxiety in intergroup contexts through cross-group friendship
    • Page-Gould, E., Mendoza-Denton, R., and Tropp, L.R. With a little help from my cross-group friend: Reducing anxiety in intergroup contexts through cross-group friendship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2008).95 (5), 1080-1094.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.95 , Issue.5 , pp. 1080-1094
    • Page-Gould, E.1    Mendoza-Denton, R.2    Tropp, L.R.3
  • 148
    • 43449083197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the immediate consequences of intergroup categorization: Activation of approach and avoidance motor behavior toward ingroup and outgroup members
    • Paladino, M., and Castelli, L. On the immediate consequences of intergroup categorization: Activation of approach and avoidance motor behavior toward ingroup and outgroup members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, (2008).34 (6), 755-768.
    • (2008) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 755-768
    • Paladino, M.1    Castelli, L.2
  • 149
    • 38649140166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit
    • Payne, B.K., Burkley, M.A., and Stokes, M.B. Why do implicit and explicit attitude tests diverge? The role of structural fit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2008).94 (1), 16-31.
    • (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-31
    • Payne, B.K.1    Burkley, M.A.2    Stokes, M.B.3
  • 154
    • 78449303788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explicit evidence on the import of implicit attitudes: The IAT and immigration policy judgments
    • Pérez, E.O. Explicit evidence on the import of implicit attitudes: The IAT and immigration policy judgments. Political Behavior, (2010).32, 517-545.
    • (2010) Political Behavior , vol.32 , pp. 517-545
    • Pérez, E.O.1
  • 155
    • 79953100172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition and indirect measures in consumer behavior
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Perkins, A., and Forehand, M. (2010). Implicit social cognition and indirect measures in consumer behavior. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition
    • Perkins, A.1    Forehand, M.2
  • 156
    • 78249238582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of behavior
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Perugini, M., Richetin, J., and Zogmaister, C. (2010). Prediction of behavior. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition (pp. 255-277). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition , pp. 255-277
    • Perugini, M.1    Richetin, J.2    Zogmaister, C.3
  • 159
    • 77956444645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioural rehabilitation of high-risk violent offenders: Investigating treatment change with explicit and implicit measures of cognition
    • Polaschek, D.L.L., Bell, R.K., Calvert, S.W., and Takarangi, M.K.T. Cognitive-behavioural rehabilitation of high-risk violent offenders: Investigating treatment change with explicit and implicit measures of cognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, (2010).24 (3), 437-449.
    • (2010) Applied Cognitive Psychology , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 437-449
    • Polaschek, D.L.L.1    Bell, R.K.2    Calvert, S.W.3    Takarangi, M.K.T.4
  • 162
    • 40249113512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit attitude generalization occurs immediately; explicit attitude generalization takes time
    • Ranganath, K.A., and Nosek, B.A. Implicit attitude generalization occurs immediately; explicit attitude generalization takes time. Psychological Science, (2008).19 (3), 249-254.
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-254
    • Ranganath, K.A.1    Nosek, B.A.2
  • 163
    • 38849159270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing automatic and controlled components of attitudes from direct and indirect measurement methods
    • Ranganath, K.A., Smith, C.T., and Nosek, B.A. Distinguishing automatic and controlled components of attitudes from direct and indirect measurement methods. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2008).44 (2), 386-396.
    • (2008) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 386-396
    • Ranganath, K.A.1    Smith, C.T.2    Nosek, B.A.3
  • 165
    • 3042527175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facial makeup elicits positive attitudes at the implicit level: Evidence from the implicit association test
    • Richetin, J., Croizet, J.-C., and Huguet, P. Facial makeup elicits positive attitudes at the implicit level: Evidence from the implicit association test. Current Research in Social Psychology, (2004).9 (11), 145-164.
    • (2004) Current Research in Social Psychology , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. 145-164
    • Richetin, J.1    Croizet, J.-C.2    Huguet, P.3
  • 166
    • 77952691283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the vote through implicit and explicit attitudes: A field research
    • Roccato, M., and Zogmaister, C. Predicting the vote through implicit and explicit attitudes: A field research. Political Psychology, (2010).31 (2), 249-274.
    • (2010) Political Psychology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 249-274
    • Roccato, M.1    Zogmaister, C.2
  • 167
    • 0025486147 scopus 로고
    • Implicit memory: Retention without remembering
    • Roediger, H.L. Implicit memory: Retention without remembering. American Psychologist, (1990).45 (9), 1043-1056.
    • (1990) American Psychologist , vol.45 , Issue.9 , pp. 1043-1056
    • Roediger, H.L.1
  • 168
    • 77953122768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic associations and discrimination in hiring: Real world evidence
    • Rooth, D. Automatic associations and discrimination in hiring: Real world evidence. Labour Economics, (2010).17 (3), 523-534.
    • (2010) Labour Economics , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 523-534
    • Rooth, D.1
  • 169
    • 58149343825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimizing the influence of recoding in the Implicit Association Test: The Recoding-Free Implicit Association Test (IAT-RF)
    • Rothermund, K., Teige-Mocigemba, S., Gast, A., and Wentura, D. Minimizing the influence of recoding in the Implicit Association Test: The Recoding-Free Implicit Association Test (IAT-RF). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, (2009).62 (1), 84-98.
    • (2009) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-98
    • Rothermund, K.1    Teige-Mocigemba, S.2    Gast, A.3    Wentura, D.4
  • 170
    • 85047686528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes
    • Rudman, L.A., Ashmore, R.D., and Gary, M.L. "Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2001).81 (5), 856-868.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 856-868
    • Rudman, L.A.1    Ashmore, R.D.2    Gary, M.L.3
  • 172
    • 77952504368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Easier when done than said! Implicit self-esteem predicts observed or spontaneous behavior, but not self-reported or controlled behavior
    • Rudolph, A., Schröder-Abé, M., Riketta, M., and Schütz, A. Easier when done than said! Implicit self-esteem predicts observed or spontaneous behavior, but not self-reported or controlled behavior. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, (2010).218 (1), 12-19.
    • (2010) Zeitschrift für Psychologie , vol.218 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-19
    • Rudolph, A.1    Schröder-Abé, M.2    Riketta, M.3    Schütz, A.4
  • 175
    • 25844481476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don't ignore the other half: The impact of ingroup identification on implicit measures of prejudice
    • Sassenberg, K., and Wieber, F. Don't ignore the other half: The impact of ingroup identification on implicit measures of prejudice. European Journal of Social Psychology, (2005).35 (5), 621-632.
    • (2005) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 621-632
    • Sassenberg, K.1    Wieber, F.2
  • 176
    • 75749129787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit (and explicit) racial attitudes barely changed during Barack Obama's presidential campaign and early presidency
    • Schmidt, K., and Nosek, B.A. Implicit (and explicit) racial attitudes barely changed during Barack Obama's presidential campaign and early presidency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2010).46 (2), 308-314.
    • (2010) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-314
    • Schmidt, K.1    Nosek, B.A.2
  • 177
    • 33645279257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employing automatic approach and avoidance tendencies for the assessment of implicit personality self-concept
    • Schnabel, K., Banse, R., and Asendorpf, J. Employing automatic approach and avoidance tendencies for the assessment of implicit personality self-concept. Experimental Psychology, (2006).53 (1), 69-76.
    • (2006) Experimental Psychology , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-76
    • Schnabel, K.1    Banse, R.2    Asendorpf, J.3
  • 178
    • 0346384291 scopus 로고
    • Controlled and automatic human information processing: 1. Detection, search, and attention
    • Schneider, W., and Shiffrin, R.M. Controlled and automatic human information processing: 1. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, (1977).84 (1), 1-66.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-66
    • Schneider, W.1    Shiffrin, R.M.2
  • 180
    • 0003310777 scopus 로고
    • The linguistic category model, its bases, applications and range
    • W.Stroebe, and M.Hewstone (Eds.), Chichester, England: Wiley
    • Semin, G., and Fiedler, K. (1991). The linguistic category model, its bases, applications and range. In W.Stroebe, and M.Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 1-30). Chichester, England: Wiley.
    • (1991) European review of social psychology , vol.2 , pp. 1-30
    • Semin, G.1    Fiedler, K.2
  • 181
    • 64049100015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking: Predicting adolescent smoking initiation
    • Sherman, S.J., Chassin, L., Presson, C., Seo, D., and Macy, J.T. The intergenerational transmission of implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking: Predicting adolescent smoking initiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (2009).45 (2), 313-319.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 313-319
    • Sherman, S.J.1    Chassin, L.2    Presson, C.3    Seo, D.4    Macy, J.T.5
  • 183
    • 47649094841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interracial roommate relationships: An experimental field test of the contact hypothesis
    • Shook, N.J., and Fazio, R.H. Interracial roommate relationships: An experimental field test of the contact hypothesis. Psychological Science, (2008).19 (7), 717-723.
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 717-723
    • Shook, N.J.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 185
    • 0034342721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems
    • Smith, E.R., and DeCoster, J. Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, (2000).4 (2), 108-131.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 108-131
    • Smith, E.R.1    DeCoster, J.2
  • 186
    • 79952769939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition in forensic settings
    • B.Gawronski, and B. K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Snowden, R.J., and Gray, N.S. (2010). Implicit social cognition in forensic settings. In B.Gawronski, and B. K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition
    • Snowden, R.J.1    Gray, N.S.2
  • 187
    • 45749154548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit measurements of sexual preference in gay and heterosexual men: A comparison of priming techniques and the Implicit Association Task
    • Snowden, R.J., Wichter, J., and Gray, N.S. Implicit and explicit measurements of sexual preference in gay and heterosexual men: A comparison of priming techniques and the Implicit Association Task. Archives of Sexual Behavior, (2007).37 (4), 558-565.
    • (2007) Archives of Sexual Behavior , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 558-565
    • Snowden, R.J.1    Wichter, J.2    Gray, N.S.3
  • 188
    • 0041127669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem
    • Spalding, L.R., and Hardin, C.D. Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem. Psychological Science, (1999).10 (6), 535-539.
    • (1999) Psychological Science , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 535-539
    • Spalding, L.R.1    Hardin, C.D.2
  • 189
    • 67349098693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brief implicit association test
    • Sriram, N., and Greenwald, A.G. The brief implicit association test. Experimental Psychology, (2009).56 (4), 283-294.
    • (2009) Experimental Psychology , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-294
    • Sriram, N.1    Greenwald, A.G.2
  • 190
    • 77950917193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlational biases in mean response latency differences
    • Sriram, N., Greenwald, A.G., and Nosek, B.A. Correlational biases in mean response latency differences. Statistical Methodology, (2010).7 (3), 277-291.
    • (2010) Statistical Methodology , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-291
    • Sriram, N.1    Greenwald, A.G.2    Nosek, B.A.3
  • 191
    • 79954531775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behind the front: Collaborative networks and implicit cognition in organizations
    • Srivastava, S., and Banaji, M.R. Behind the front: Collaborative networks and implicit cognition in organizations. American Sociological Review, (2011).76, 207-233.
    • (2011) American Sociological Review , vol.76 , pp. 207-233
    • Srivastava, S.1    Banaji, M.R.2
  • 192
    • 3142544800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the implicit association test immune to faking?
    • Steffens, M.C. Is the implicit association test immune to faking? Experimental Psychology, (2004).51 (3), 165-179.
    • (2004) Experimental Psychology , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 165-179
    • Steffens, M.C.1
  • 194
    • 79951566183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STEMing the tide: Using ingroup experts to inoculate women's self-concept and professional goals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)
    • Stout, J. G., Dasgupta, N., Hunsinger, M., and McManus, M. STEMing the tide: Using ingroup experts to inoculate women's self-concept and professional goals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2011).100, 255-270.
    • (2011) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 255-270
    • Stout, J.G.1    Dasgupta, N.2    Hunsinger, M.3    McManus, M.4
  • 195
    • 4644343769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior
    • Strack, F., and Deutsch, R. Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, (2004).8 (3), 220-247.
    • (2004) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 220-247
    • Strack, F.1    Deutsch, R.2
  • 196
    • 0034965713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the Implicit Association Test to investigate attitude-behavior consistency for stigmatized behavior
    • Swanson, J.E., Rudman, L.A., and Greenwald, A.G. Using the Implicit Association Test to investigate attitude-behavior consistency for stigmatized behavior. Cognition and Emotion, (2001).15 (2), 207-230.
    • (2001) Cognition and Emotion , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-230
    • Swanson, J.E.1    Rudman, L.A.2    Greenwald, A.G.3
  • 197
    • 0001868677 scopus 로고
    • The social identity theory of intergroup behavior
    • S.Worchel, and W. G.Austin (Eds.), Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall Publishers
    • Tajfel, H., and Turner, J.C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S.Worchel, and W. G.Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall Publishers.
    • (1986) Psychology of intergroup relations , pp. 7-24
    • Tajfel, H.1    Turner, J.C.2
  • 198
    • 79953085723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clincial applications of implicit measures
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Teachman, B.A., Cody, M., and Clerkin, E. (2010). Clincial applications of implicit measures. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition
    • Teachman, B.A.1    Cody, M.2    Clerkin, E.3
  • 199
    • 0035006444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit associations for fear-relevant stimuli among individuals with snake and spider fears
    • Teachman, B.A., Gregg, A.P., and Woody, S.R. Implicit associations for fear-relevant stimuli among individuals with snake and spider fears. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, (2001).110 (2), 226-235.
    • (2001) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-235
    • Teachman, B.A.1    Gregg, A.P.2    Woody, S.R.3
  • 200
    • 34447277451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information processing biases and panic disorder: Relationships among cognitive and symptom measures
    • Teachman, B.A., Smith-Janik, S.B., and Saporito, J. Information processing biases and panic disorder: Relationships among cognitive and symptom measures. Behaviour Research and Therapy, (2007).45 (8), 1791-1811.
    • (2007) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1791-1811
    • Teachman, B.A.1    Smith-Janik, S.B.2    Saporito, J.3
  • 201
    • 0037324995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic processing in spider phobia: Implicit fear associations over the course of treatment
    • Teachman, B.A., and Woody, S.R. Automatic processing in spider phobia: Implicit fear associations over the course of treatment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, (2003).112 (1), 100-109.
    • (2003) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 100-109
    • Teachman, B.A.1    Woody, S.R.2
  • 203
    • 79953107994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to Implicit Association Tests and related tasks
    • B.Gawronski, and B. K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Teige-Mocigemba, S., Klauer, K.C., and Sherman, J.W. (2010). A practical guide to Implicit Association Tests and related tasks. In B.Gawronski, and B. K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition (pp. 117-139). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition , pp. 117-139
    • Teige-Mocigemba, S.1    Klauer, K.C.2    Sherman, J.W.3
  • 204
    • 70649098150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit bias and accountability systems: What must organizations do to prevent discrimination?
    • B.Staw, and A.Brief (Eds.), New York: Elsevier
    • Tetlock, P., and Mitchell, G. (2009). Implicit bias and accountability systems: What must organizations do to prevent discrimination? In B.Staw, and A.Brief (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 29, pp. 71-72). New York: Elsevier.
    • (2009) Research in organizational behavior , vol.29 , pp. 71-72
    • Tetlock, P.1    Mitchell, G.2
  • 206
    • 39149083382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between implicit and explicit cognition and working memory capacity in the prediction of alcohol use in at-risk adolescents
    • Thush, C., Wiers, R.W., Ames, S.L., Grenard, J.L., Sussman, S., and Stacy, A.W. Interactions between implicit and explicit cognition and working memory capacity in the prediction of alcohol use in at-risk adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, (2008).94 (1-3), 116-124.
    • (2008) Drug and Alcohol Dependence , vol.94 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 116-124
    • Thush, C.1    Wiers, R.W.2    Ames, S.L.3    Grenard, J.L.4    Sussman, S.5    Stacy, A.W.6
  • 207
    • 12344283195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is beautiful always good? Implicit benefits of facial attractiveness
    • van Leeuwen, M.L., and Macrae, C.N. Is beautiful always good? Implicit benefits of facial attractiveness. Social Cognition, (2004).22 (6), 637-649.
    • (2004) Social Cognition , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 637-649
    • van Leeuwen, M.L.1    Macrae, C.N.2
  • 208
    • 37549068884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit prejudice toward injecting drug users predicts intentions to change jobs among drug and alcohol nurses
    • von Hippel, W., Brener, L., and von Hippel, C. Implicit prejudice toward injecting drug users predicts intentions to change jobs among drug and alcohol nurses. Psychological Science, (2008).19 (1), 7-11.
    • (2008) Psychological Science , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-11
    • von Hippel, W.1    Brener, L.2    von Hippel, C.3
  • 209
    • 85047670073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guilty by mere association: Evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect
    • Walther, E. Guilty by mere association: Evaluative conditioning and the spreading attitude effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2002).82 (6), 919-934.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 919-934
    • Walther, E.1
  • 210
    • 0022237298 scopus 로고
    • Conceptions of racial prejudice: Symbolic racism reconsidered
    • Weigel, R.H., and Howes, P.W. Conceptions of racial prejudice: Symbolic racism reconsidered. Journal of Social Issues, (1985).41 (3), 117-138.
    • (1985) Journal of Social Issues , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 117-138
    • Weigel, R.H.1    Howes, P.W.2
  • 211
    • 79953086071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A practical guide to sequential priming and related tasks
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Wentura, D., and Degner, J. (2010). A practical guide to sequential priming and related tasks. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition (pp. 95-116). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition , pp. 95-116
    • Wentura, D.1    Degner, J.2
  • 213
    • 79960926547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit cognition in health psychology: Why common sense goes out the window
    • B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Wiers, R.W., Houben, K., Roefs, A., de Jong, P.J., Hofmann, W., and Stacy, A.W. (2010b). Implicit cognition in health psychology: Why common sense goes out the window. In B.Gawronski, and B.K.Payne (Eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition. New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2010) Handbook of implicit social cognition
    • Wiers, R.W.1    Houben, K.2    Roefs, A.3    de Jong, P.J.4    Hofmann, W.5    Stacy, A.W.6
  • 214
    • 74249098075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers
    • Wiers, R.W., Rinck, M., Kordts, R., Houben, K., and Strack, F. Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers. Addiction, (2010a).105, 279-287.
    • (2010) Addiction , vol.105 , pp. 279-287
    • Wiers, R.W.1    Rinck, M.2    Kordts, R.3    Houben, K.4    Strack, F.5
  • 216
    • 0031067645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures
    • Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C.M., and Park, B. Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (1997).72 (2), 262-274.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 262-274
    • Wittenbrink, B.1    Judd, C.M.2    Park, B.3
  • 217
    • 85047684285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes
    • Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C.M., and Park, B. Spontaneous prejudice in context: Variability in automatically activated attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2001).81 (5), 815-827.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , Issue.5 , pp. 815-827
    • Wittenbrink, B.1    Judd, C.M.2    Park, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.