메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 512-559

Two Roads to Positive Regard: Implicit and Explicit Self-Evaluation and Culture

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033448793     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1391     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (176)

References (155)
  • 2
    • 0346478688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subliminal exposure to death-related stimuli increases defense of the cultural worldview
    • Arndt J., Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T., Solomon S. Subliminal exposure to death-related stimuli increases defense of the cultural worldview. Psychological Science. 8:1997;379-385.
    • (1997) Psychological Science , vol.8 , pp. 379-385
    • Arndt, J.1    Greenberg, J.2    Pyszczynski, T.3    Solomon, S.4
  • 4
    • 0029522665 scopus 로고
    • On the instability of attachment style ratings
    • Baldwin M. W., Fehr B. On the instability of attachment style ratings. Personal Relationships. 2:1995;247-261.
    • (1995) Personal Relationships , vol.2 , pp. 247-261
    • Baldwin, M.W.1    Fehr, B.2
  • 6
    • 0002904085 scopus 로고
    • Conditional automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition
    • J. S. Uleman, & J. A. Bargh. New York: Guilford
    • Bargh J. A. Conditional automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition. Uleman J. S., Bargh J. A. Unintended thought. 1989;3-51 Guilford, New York.
    • (1989) Unintended Thought , pp. 3-51
    • Bargh, J.A.1
  • 8
    • 0029666185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The automatic evaluation effect: Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a pronunciation task
    • Bargh J. A., Chaiken S., Raymond P., Hymes C. The automatic evaluation effect: Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a pronunciation task. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 32:1996;104-128.
    • (1996) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 104-128
    • Bargh, J.A.1    Chaiken, S.2    Raymond, P.3    Hymes, C.4
  • 9
    • 0030210417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action
    • Bargh J. A., Chen M., Burrows L. Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 71:1996;230-244.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 230-244
    • Bargh, J.A.1    Chen, M.2    Burrows, L.3
  • 11
    • 34248459078 scopus 로고
    • A self-presentational view of social phenomena
    • Baumeister R. F. A self-presentational view of social phenomena. Psychological Bulletin. 91:1982;3-26.
    • (1982) Psychological Bulletin , vol.91 , pp. 3-26
    • Baumeister, R.F.1
  • 12
    • 0029304103 scopus 로고
    • The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation
    • Baumeister R. F., Leary M. R. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin. 117:1995;497-529.
    • (1995) Psychological Bulletin , vol.117 , pp. 497-529
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Leary, M.R.2
  • 13
    • 0001460220 scopus 로고
    • Self-esteem and self-serving biases in reaction to positive and negative events: An integrative review
    • In R. Baumeister (Ed.) New York, Plenum
    • Blaine, B., & Crocker, J.1993. Self-esteem and self-serving biases in reaction to positive and negative events: An integrative review. In R. Baumeister (Ed.), Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard55-85. New York, Plenum.
    • (1993) Self-esteem: The Puzzle of Low Self-regard , pp. 55-85
    • Blaine, B.1    Crocker, J.2
  • 19
    • 26444459341 scopus 로고
    • In-group bias in the minimal social situation: A cognitive motivational analysis
    • Brewer M. B. In-group bias in the minimal social situation: A cognitive motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 86:1979;307-324.
    • (1979) Psychological Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 307-324
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 20
    • 0001418871 scopus 로고
    • The social self: On being the same and different at the same time
    • Brewer M. B. The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 17:1991;475-482.
    • (1991) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.17 , pp. 475-482
    • Brewer, M.B.1
  • 21
    • 0030239799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moderating role of self-esteem and self-construal in reaction to a threat to the self: Evidence from the People's Republic of China and the United States
    • Brockner J., Chen Y.-R. The moderating role of self-esteem and self-construal in reaction to a threat to the self: Evidence from the People's Republic of China and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 71:1996;603-615.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 603-615
    • Brockner, J.1    Chen, Y.-R.2
  • 24
    • 0022671220 scopus 로고
    • Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression
    • Campbell J. D. Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 50:1986;281-294.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 281-294
    • Campbell, J.D.1
  • 25
    • 0030495562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instruction
    • Chartrand T. L., Bargh J. A. Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instruction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 71:1996;464-478.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 464-478
    • Chartrand, T.L.1    Bargh, J.A.2
  • 26
    • 85121326220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ifs and thens in cultural psychology
    • R. S. Jr. Wyer. Mahwah: Erlbaum
    • Cohen D. Ifs and thens in cultural psychology. Wyer R. S. Jr. Advances in social cognition. 1997;121-131 Erlbaum, Mahwah.
    • (1997) Advances in Social Cognition , pp. 121-131
    • Cohen, D.1
  • 28
    • 0000568237 scopus 로고
    • Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States
    • Cousins S. D. Culture and self-perception in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 56:1989;124-131.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 124-131
    • Cousins, S.D.1
  • 30
    • 0000537417 scopus 로고
    • Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma
    • Crocker J., Major B. Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review. 96:1989;608-630.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 608-630
    • Crocker, J.1    Major, B.2
  • 33
    • 25144451557 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
    • Devine P. G. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 56:1989;5-18.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 5-18
    • Devine, P.G.1
  • 36
    • 0000888467 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability
    • Dunning D., Meyerowitz J. A., Holzberg A. D. Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57:1989;1082-1090.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 1082-1090
    • Dunning, D.1    Meyerowitz, J.A.2    Holzberg, A.D.3
  • 37
    • 0002452019 scopus 로고
    • Predicting peer competence and peer relationships in childhood from early parent-child relationships
    • R. D. Parke, & G. W. Ladd. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Elicker J., Englund M., Sroufe L. A. Predicting peer competence and peer relationships in childhood from early parent-child relationships. Parke R. D., Ladd G. W. Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkage. 1992;77-106 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1992) Family-peer Relationships: Modes of Linkage , pp. 77-106
    • Elicker, J.1    Englund, M.2    Sroufe, L.A.3
  • 38
    • 0031324456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship-enhancement and relative self-effacement
    • Endo Y. Relationship-enhancement and relative self-effacement. Japanese Journal of Psychology. 68:1997;387-395.
    • (1997) Japanese Journal of Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 387-395
    • Endo, Y.1
  • 39
    • 0003313888 scopus 로고
    • The unconscious, the preconscious, and the self-concept
    • J. Suls, & A. Greenwald. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Epstein S. The unconscious, the preconscious, and the self-concept. Suls J., Greenwald A. Psychological perspectives on the self. 1983;220-247 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1983) Psychological Perspectives on the Self , pp. 220-247
    • Epstein, S.1
  • 42
    • 0026937953 scopus 로고
    • The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations
    • Fiske A. P. The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review. 99:1992;689-723.
    • (1992) Psychological Review , vol.99 , pp. 689-723
    • Fiske, A.P.1
  • 43
    • 0000567969 scopus 로고
    • Attribution theory and processes: A cross-cultural perspective
    • M. H. Bond. Beverly Hills: Sage
    • Fletcher G. J. O., Ward C. Attribution theory and processes: A cross-cultural perspective. Bond M. H. The cross-cultural challenge to social psychology. 1988;230-244 Sage, Beverly Hills.
    • (1988) The Cross-cultural Challenge to Social Psychology , pp. 230-244
    • Fletcher, G.J.O.1    Ward, C.2
  • 45
    • 0002221728 scopus 로고
    • The assent of man: Mental representation and the control of belief
    • D. M. Wegner, & J. W. Pennebaker. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall
    • Gilbert D. T. The assent of man: Mental representation and the control of belief. Wegner D. M., Pennebaker J. W. Handbook of mental control. 1993;57-87 Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
    • (1993) Handbook of Mental Control , pp. 57-87
    • Gilbert, D.T.1
  • 47
    • 58149410130 scopus 로고
    • The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history
    • Greenwald A. G. The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist. 35:1980;603-618.
    • (1980) American Psychologist , vol.35 , pp. 603-618
    • Greenwald, A.G.1
  • 48
    • 0029202423 scopus 로고
    • Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes
    • Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M.1995. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. PsychologicalReview102, 4-27.
    • (1995) PsychologicalReview , vol.102 , pp. 4-27
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Banaji, M.2
  • 49
    • 0009239845 scopus 로고
    • Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment
    • Griffin D. W., Bartholomew K. Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 67:1994;430-445.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 430-445
    • Griffin, D.W.1    Bartholomew, K.2
  • 50
    • 0001407849 scopus 로고
    • A contextual model of the Japanese: Toward a methodological innovation in Japan studies
    • Hamaguchi E. A contextual model of the Japanese: Toward a methodological innovation in Japan studies. Journal of Japanese Studies. 11:1985;189-321.
    • (1985) Journal of Japanese Studies , vol.11 , pp. 189-321
    • Hamaguchi, E.1
  • 51
    • 0002725581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective
    • R. M. Sorrentino, & E. T. Higgins. New York: Guilford
    • Hardin C. D., Higgins E. T. Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective. Sorrentino R. M., Higgins E. T. Handbook of motivation and cognition: Vol. 3. The interpersonal context. 1996;28-84 Guilford, New York.
    • (1996) Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Vol. 3. the Interpersonal Context , pp. 28-84
    • Hardin, C.D.1    Higgins, E.T.2
  • 52
    • 21844500473 scopus 로고
    • Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East
    • Heine S. J., Lehman D. R. Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 68:1995;595-607.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 595-607
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 53
    • 0031156087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases
    • Heine S. J., Lehman D. R. The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 72:1997a;1268-1283.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 1268-1283
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 61
    • 0347301087 scopus 로고
    • Items in the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale
    • In, T. Endo, S. Inoue, & C. Araragi, (Eds.) Kyoto, Japan, Nakanishiya Publication
    • Hoshino, M. 1992, Items in the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. In, T. Endo, S. Inoue, & C. Araragi, (Eds.), Psychology of self esteem: Quest for self value (p. 264), Kyoto, Japan, Nakanishiya Publication.
    • (1992) Psychology of Self Esteem: Quest for Self Value , pp. 264
    • Hoshino, M.1
  • 62
    • 85004907547 scopus 로고
    • Cultural differences in reward allocation: Is collectivism the explanation
    • Hui C. H., Triandis H. C., Yee C. Cultural differences in reward allocation: Is collectivism the explanation. British Journal of Social Psychology. 30:1991;145-157.
    • (1991) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 145-157
    • Hui, C.H.1    Triandis, H.C.2    Yee, C.3
  • 66
    • 0000894869 scopus 로고
    • Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation
    • J. Suls. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Jones E. E., Pittman T. S. Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. Suls J. Psychological perspectives on the self. 1982;Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1982) Psychological Perspectives on the Self
    • Jones, E.E.1    Pittman, T.S.2
  • 68
    • 0141772399 scopus 로고
    • Exercise and the illusory correlation: Does arousal heighten stereotypic processing
    • Kim H.-S., Baron R. S. Exercise and the illusory correlation: Does arousal heighten stereotypic processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 24:1984;366-380.
    • (1984) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 366-380
    • Kim, H.-S.1    Baron, R.S.2
  • 69
    • 84897695545 scopus 로고
    • Attachment styles and close relationships: A four-year prospective study
    • Kirkpatrick L. A., Hazan C. Attachment styles and close relationships: A four-year prospective study. Personal Relationships. 1:1994;123-142.
    • (1994) Personal Relationships , vol.1 , pp. 123-142
    • Kirkpatrick, L.A.1    Hazan, C.2
  • 72
    • 0031155901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan
    • Kitayama S., Markus H. R., Matsumoto H., Norasakkunkit V. Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 72:1997;1245-1267.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 1245-1267
    • Kitayama, S.1    Markus, H.R.2    Matsumoto, H.3    Norasakkunkit, V.4
  • 73
    • 0000463629 scopus 로고
    • Attitude intensity, importance, and certainty and susceptibility to response effects
    • Krosnick J. A., Schuman H. Attitude intensity, importance, and certainty and susceptibility to response effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 54:1988;940-952.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 940-952
    • Krosnick, J.A.1    Schuman, H.2
  • 79
    • 0002767649 scopus 로고
    • Automaticity and cognitive control
    • J. S. Uleman, & J. A. Bargh. New York: Guilford
    • Logan G. D. Automaticity and cognitive control. Uleman J. S., Bargh J. A. Unintended thought. 1989;52-74 Guilford, New York.
    • (1989) Unintended Thought , pp. 52-74
    • Logan, G.D.1
  • 80
    • 0000553917 scopus 로고
    • A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity
    • Luhtanen R., Crocker J. A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 18:1992;302-318.
    • (1992) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.18 , pp. 302-318
    • Luhtanen, R.1    Crocker, J.2
  • 81
    • 0003168297 scopus 로고
    • Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment: Findings and directions for future research
    • In, C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris, (Eds.) London, Tavistock/Routledge 127-159
    • Main, M. 1991, Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment: Findings and directions for future research. In, C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris, (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle, (pp, 127, - 159, ), London, Tavistock/Routledge.
    • (1991) Attachment Across the Life Cycle
    • Main, M.1
  • 82
    • 0002540921 scopus 로고
    • Cultural variation in the self-concept
    • G. R. Goethals, & J. Strauss. New York: Springer-Verlag
    • Markus H. R., Kitayama S. Cultural variation in the self-concept. Goethals G. R., Strauss J. Multidisciplinary perspectives on the self. 1991a;18-48 Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1991) Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Self , pp. 18-48
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 83
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and >motivation
    • Markus H. R., Kitayama S. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and >motivation. Psychological Review. 98:1991b;224-253.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 84
  • 86
    • 0346039627 scopus 로고
    • Watch your language
    • Marty M. E. Watch your language. Context. 1982 April 15;6.
    • (1982) Context , pp. 6
    • Marty, M.E.1
  • 90
    • 0018484582 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees, symbols, and >the reflective self
    • Meddin J. Chimpanzees, symbols, and >the reflective self. Social Psychology Quarterly. 42:1979;99-109.
    • (1979) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.42 , pp. 99-109
    • Meddin, J.1
  • 91
    • 0001113302 scopus 로고
    • Ego involvement and attributions for success and failure
    • Miller D. T. Ego involvement and attributions for success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 34:1976;901-906.
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 901-906
    • Miller, D.T.1
  • 92
    • 33745200629 scopus 로고
    • Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention
    • Neely J. H. Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 106:1977;226-254.
    • (1977) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.106 , pp. 226-254
    • Neely, J.H.1
  • 93
    • 67149142257 scopus 로고
    • Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories
    • D. Besner, & G. W. Humphreys. Hillsdale: Erlbaum
    • Neely J. H. Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. Besner D., Humphreys G. W. Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition. 1991;264-336 Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
    • (1991) Basic Processes in Reading: Visual Word Recognition , pp. 264-336
    • Neely, J.H.1
  • 95
    • 0026234182 scopus 로고
    • On the benefits of misery: Self-serving biases in the depressive self-concept
    • Pelham B. W. On the benefits of misery: Self-serving biases in the depressive self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 61:1991;670-681.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 670-681
    • Pelham, B.W.1
  • 97
    • 0000920650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit and explicit personal and social identity: Toward a more complete understanding of the social self
    • T. Tyler, R. Kramer, & O. John. New York: Erlbaum
    • Pelham B. W., Hetts J. J. Implicit and explicit personal and social identity: Toward a more complete understanding of the social self. Tyler T., Kramer R., John O. The psychology of the social self. 1999a;Erlbaum, New York.
    • (1999) The Psychology of the Social Self
    • Pelham, B.W.1    Hetts, J.J.2
  • 98
    • 0040533676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Los Angeles
    • Pelham, B. W, &, Hetts, J. J. 1999b, Implicit self-evaluation. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Los Angeles.
    • (1999) Implicit Self-evaluation
    • Pelham, B.W.1    Hetts, J.J.2
  • 99
    • 21844482004 scopus 로고
    • The effect of motivation on judgment depends on the difficulty of the judgment
    • Pelham B. W., Neter E. The effect of motivation on judgment depends on the difficulty of the judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 68:1995;581-594.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 581-594
    • Pelham, B.W.1    Neter, E.2
  • 100
    • 0024743557 scopus 로고
    • From self-conceptions to self-worth: On the sources and structure of global self-esteem
    • Pelham B. W., Swann W. B. From self-conceptions to self-worth: On the sources and structure of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57:1989;672-680.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 672-680
    • Pelham, B.W.1    Swann, W.B.2
  • 101
    • 58149364393 scopus 로고
    • The waxing and waning of the social self: Assimilation and contrast in social comparison
    • Pelham B. W., Wachsmuth J. The waxing and waning of the social self: Assimilation and contrast in social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 69:1995.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69
    • Pelham, B.W.1    Wachsmuth, J.2
  • 104
    • 0001609054 scopus 로고
    • The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice
    • Pettigrew T. F. The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 55:1979;461-476.
    • (1979) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.55 , pp. 461-476
    • Pettigrew, T.F.1
  • 107
    • 0026229249 scopus 로고
    • Automatic vigilance: The attention grabbing power of negative social information
    • Pratto F., John O. Automatic vigilance: The attention grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 61:1991;380-391.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 380-391
    • Pratto, F.1    John, O.2
  • 109
    • 0027687796 scopus 로고
    • Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers
    • Ratcliff R. Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers. Psychological Bulletin. 114:1993;510-532.
    • (1993) Psychological Bulletin , vol.114 , pp. 510-532
    • Ratcliff, R.1
  • 110
    • 0009250857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know about relationship knowledge structures
    • In, G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness, (Eds.) Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum 169-191
    • Reis, H. T, &, Knee, C. R. 1996, What we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know about relationship knowledge structures. In, G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness, (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach, (pp, 169, - 191, ), Mahwah, NJ, Erlbaum.
    • (1996) Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach
    • Reis, H.T.1    Knee, C.R.2
  • 115
    • 84925930417 scopus 로고
    • Induced compliance and opinion change
    • Sakai H. Induced compliance and opinion change. Japanese Psychological Research. 23:1981;1-8.
    • (1981) Japanese Psychological Research , vol.23 , pp. 1-8
    • Sakai, H.1
  • 119
    • 0040618336 scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-esteem on attributions of others' success or failure
    • Shikanai K. Effects of self-esteem on attributions of others' success or failure. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 23:1983;27-37.
    • (1983) Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 27-37
    • Shikanai, K.1
  • 120
    • 0040456482 scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-esteem and one's own performance on attribution of others' success and failure
    • Shikanai K. Effects of self-esteem and one's own performance on attribution of others' success and failure. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 24:1984;37-46.
    • (1984) Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 37-46
    • Shikanai, K.1
  • 121
    • 0002814109 scopus 로고
    • Does the concept of the person vary cross-culturally
    • R. A. Shweder, & R. A. LeVine. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • Shweder R. A., Bourne E. J. Does the concept of the person vary cross-culturally. Shweder R. A., LeVine R. A. Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion. 1984;158-199 Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
    • (1984) Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion , pp. 158-199
    • Shweder, R.A.1    Bourne, E.J.2
  • 122
  • 123
    • 77957025376 scopus 로고
    • A terror management theory of social behavior: The psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews
    • M. Zanna. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Solomon S., Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T. A terror management theory of social behavior: The psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews. Zanna M. Advances in experimental social psychology. 1991;93-159 Academic Press, San Diego.
    • (1991) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 93-159
    • Solomon, S.1    Greenberg, J.2    Pyszczynski, T.3
  • 124
    • 0041127669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem
    • (in press)
    • Spalding, L. R, &, Hardin, C. D. (in press), Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem, Psychological Science.
    • Psychological Science
    • Spalding, L.R.1    Hardin, C.D.2
  • 129
    • 57049145197 scopus 로고
    • Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
    • Stroop J. R. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 18:1935;643-662.
    • (1935) Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 643-662
    • Stroop, J.R.1
  • 131
    • 0000857845 scopus 로고
    • To be adored or to be known: The interplay of self-enhancement and self-verification
    • R. M. Sorrentino, & E. T. Higgins. New York: Guilford
    • Swann W. B. Jr. To be adored or to be known: The interplay of self-enhancement and self-verification. Sorrentino R. M., Higgins E. T. Motivation and cognition. 1990;408-448 Guilford, New York.
    • (1990) Motivation and Cognition , pp. 408-448
    • Swann W.B., Jr.1
  • 133
    • 0030519278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualism-collectivism and global self-esteem: Evidence for a cultural trade-off
    • Tafarodi R. W., Swann W. B. Jr. Individualism-collectivism and global self-esteem: Evidence for a cultural trade-off. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 27:1997;651-672.
    • (1997) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 651-672
    • Tafarodi, R.W.1    Swann W.B., Jr.2
  • 134
    • 0002335973 scopus 로고
    • Self-depreciative tendencies in self-evaluation through social comparison
    • Takata T. Self-depreciative tendencies in self-evaluation through social comparison. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 27:1987;27-36.
    • (1987) Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 27-36
    • Takata, T.1
  • 135
    • 0023968228 scopus 로고
    • Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
    • Taylor S. E., Brown J. D. Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin. 103:1988;193-210.
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 193-210
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 136
    • 0024741640 scopus 로고
    • Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts
    • Taylor S. E., Lobel M. Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts. Psychological Review. 96:1989;569-575.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 569-575
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Lobel, M.2
  • 137
    • 0000962584 scopus 로고
    • Some effects of self-evaluation maintenance on cognition and action
    • R. M. Sorrentino, & E. T. Higgins. New York: Guilford
    • Tesser A. Some effects of self-evaluation maintenance on cognition and action. Sorrentino R. M., Higgins E. T. Handbook of motivation and cognition. 1986;435-464 Guilford, New York.
    • (1986) Handbook of Motivation and Cognition , pp. 435-464
    • Tesser, A.1
  • 138
    • 77957024810 scopus 로고
    • Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior
    • L. Berkowitz. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Tesser A. Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. Berkowitz L. Advances in experimental social psychology. 1988;181-227 Academic Press, San Diego.
    • (1988) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 181-227
    • Tesser, A.1
  • 140
    • 0040506181 scopus 로고
    • The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts
    • Triandis H. C. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review. 96:1989;506-520.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 506-520
    • Triandis, H.C.1
  • 146
    • 0019392722 scopus 로고
    • The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice
    • Tversky A., Kahneman D. The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science. 211:1981;453-458.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 453-458
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 148
    • 0347931147 scopus 로고
    • Information seeking in self-evaluation of ability
    • [Abstract] (cited in Markus & Kitayama, 1991b)
    • Wada, M. 1988, Information seeking in self-evaluation of ability [Abstract]. Proceedings of Japanese Psychological Association Meeting, 52, 222, (cited in Markus & Kitayama, 1991b).
    • (1988) Proceedings of Japanese Psychological Association Meeting , vol.52 , pp. 222
    • Wada, M.1
  • 150
    • 0000531398 scopus 로고
    • Downward comparison principles in social psychology
    • Wills T. A. Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin. 90:1981;245-271.
    • (1981) Psychological Bulletin , vol.90 , pp. 245-271
    • Wills, T.A.1
  • 151
    • 0031067645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures
    • Wittenbrink B., Judd C., Park B. Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 72:1997;262-274.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 262-274
    • Wittenbrink, B.1    Judd, C.2    Park, B.3
  • 153
    • 0039975712 scopus 로고
    • Social facilitation
    • Zajonc R. B. Social facilitation. Science. 149:1965, July 16;269-274.
    • (1965) Science , vol.149 , pp. 269-274
    • Zajonc, R.B.1
  • 154
    • 0001826167 scopus 로고
    • Asian-American assertion: A social learning analysis of cultural differences
    • Zane N. W. S., Sue S., Hu L., Kwon J. Asian-American assertion: A social learning analysis of cultural differences. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 38:1991;1-8.
    • (1991) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 1-8
    • Zane, N.W.S.1    Sue, S.2    Hu, L.3    Kwon, J.4
  • 155
    • 84985274571 scopus 로고
    • Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory
    • Zuckerman M. Attribution of success and failure revisited, or: The motivational bias is alive and well in attribution theory. Journal of Personality. 47:1979;245-287.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality , vol.47 , pp. 245-287
    • Zuckerman, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.