About the impact of automaticity in the minimal group paradigm: Evidence from affective priming tasks

European Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 29, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1049-1071

  Otten, Sabine ^a   Wentura, Dirk ^b  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0033248404     PISSN: 00462772     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199912)29:8<1049::AID-EJSP985>3.0.CO;2-Q     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Banaji, M. R. & Prentice, D. A. (1994). The self in social contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 297-332.
3. Bargh, J. A. (1982). Attention and automaticity in the processing of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 425-436.
4. Bargh, J. A. (1997). The automaticity of everyday life. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 10, pp. 1-61). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
5. Bargh, J. A., Chaiken, S., Govender, R. & Pratto, F. (1992). The generality of the automatic activation effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 893-912.
6. Brandtstädter, J. & Greve, W. (1994). The aging self: Stabilizing and protective processes. Developmental Review, 14, 52-80.
7. Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
8. Brewer, M. (1993). The role of distinctiveness in social identity and group behavior. In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds), Group motivation. Social psychological perspectives (pp. 1-16). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
9. Brown, R. J. (1988). Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups. Oxford: Blackwell.
10. Cadinu, M. R. & Rothbart, M. (1996). Self-anchoring and differentiation processes in the minimal group setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 661-677.
11. De Houwer, J., Hermans, D. & Eelen, P. (1998). Affective and identity priming with episodically associated stimuli. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 145-169.
12. Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
13. Diehl, M. (1990). The minimal group paradigm: Theoretical explanations and empirical findings. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 263-292). Chichester: Wiley.
14. Draine, S. C. & Greenwald, A. G. (1998). Replicable unconscious semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 286-303.
15. Escher, M. C. (1992). The graphic work. Köln: Benedikt Taschen Verlag.
16. Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C. & Kardes, F. R. (1986). Attitudes and social cognition: On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229-238.
17. Feys, J. (1991). Briefly induced belonginess to self and preference. European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 547-552.
18. Feys, J. (1995). Mere ownership: Affective self-bias or evaluative conditioning? European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 559-575.
19. Forgas, F. P. & Fiedler, K. (1996). Us and them: Mood effects on discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 28-40.
20. Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358.
21. Greenwald, A. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist, 35, 603-618.
22. Greenwald, A. G. & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102, 4-27.
23. Greenwald, A. G., Draine, S. C. & Abrams, R. L. (1996). Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation. Science, 273, 1699-1702.
24. Greenwald, A. G., Klinger, M. R. & Liu, T. J. (1989). Unconscious processing of dichoptically masked words. Memory & Cognition, 17, 35-47.
25. Greenwald, A. G., Klinger, M. R. & Schuh, E. S. (1995). Activation by marginally perceptible ('subliminal') stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 22-42.
26. Hager, W., Mecklenbräuker, S., Möller, H. & Westermann, R. (1985). Emotionsgehalt, Bildhaftigkeit, Konkretheit und Bedeutungshaltigkeit von 580 Adjektiven: Ein Beitrag zur Normierung und zur Prüfung einiger Zusammenhangshypothesen [Emotionality, image-ability, concreteness, and meaningfulness of 580 adjectives: A contribution to norming and test of correlations]. Archiv für Psychologie, 137, 75-97.
27. Hermans, D., De Houwer, J. & Eelen, P. (1994). The affective priming effect: Automatic activation of evaluative information in memory. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 515-533.
28. Hogg, M. A. & Abrams, D. (1990). Social motivation, self-esteem and social identity. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds), Social identity theory. Constructive and critical advances (pp. 28-47). New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
29. Hogg, M. A. & Abrams, D. (1993). Towards a single-process uncertainty-reduction model of social motivation in groups. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds), Group Motivation: Social Psychological Perspectives (pp. 173-190). Hemel Hempstead: Harvester.
30. Hogg, M. A. & Mullin, B.-A. (1999). Joining groups to reduce uncertainty: Subjective uncertainty reduction and group identification. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds), Social Identity and Social Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
31. Hoorens, V. & Nuttin, J. M. (1993). Overevaluation of own attributes: Mere ownership or subjective frequency? Social Cognition, 11, 117-200.
32. Klauer, K. C. (1998). Affective Priming. European Review of Social Psychology, 8, 67-103.
33. Klauer, K. J., Roβnagel, C. & Musch, J. (1997). List context effects in evaluative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 246-255.
34. Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 663-676.
35. Maass, A. & Schaller, M. (1991). Intergroup biases and the cognitive dynamics of stereotype formation. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 189-209). Chichester: Wiley.
36. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
37. Markus, H. & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.
38. Markus, H. & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299-337.
39. Messick, D. M. & Mackie, D. M. (1989). Intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 45-81.
40. Möller, H. & Hager, W. (1991). Angenehmheit, Bedeutungshaltigkeit, Bildhaftigkeit und Konkretheit-Abstraktheit von 452 Adjektiven [Pleasantness, meaningfulness, imageability and concreteness of 452 adjectives]. Sprache und Kognition, 10, 39-51.
41. Mullen, B., Brown, R. & Smith, C. (1992). Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance and status: An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 103-122.
42. Mummendey, A. (1995). Positive distinctiveness and intergroup discrimination: An old couple living in divorce? European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 657-670.
43. Mummendey, A. & Otten, S. (1998). Positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 9, pp. 107-143). New York: Wiley.
44. Neill, W. T., Lissner, L. S. & Beck, J. L. (1990). Negative priming in same-different matching: Further evidence for a central locus of inhibition. Perception and Psychophysics, 48, 398-400.
45. Nuttin, J. M. (1987). Affective consequences of mere ownership: The name letter effect in twelve European languages. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 381-402.
46. Otten, S. & Moskowitz, G. W. (In press). Evidence for implicit evaluative ingroup bias: Affect-biased spontaneous trait influence in a minimal group paradigm. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
47. Otten, S., Mummendey, A. & Blanz, M. (1996). Intergroup discrimination in positive and negative outcome-allocations: The impact of stimulus-valence, relative group status and relative group size. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 568-581.
48. Otten, S., Mummendey, A. & Buhl, T. (In press). Accuracy in information processing and the positive-negative asymmetry in social discrimination. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale.
49. Perdue, C. W., Dovidio, J. F., Gurtman, M. B. & Tyler, R. B. (1990). Us and them: Social categorisation and the process of intergroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 475-486.
50. Perdue, C. W. & Gurtman, M. B. (1990). Evidence for the automaticity of ageism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 199-216.
51. Pollatsek, A. & Well, A. D. (1995). On the use of counterbalanced designs in cognitive research: A suggestion for a better and more powerful analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 785-794.
52. Rabbie, J. M. & Horwitz, M. (1969). Arousal of ingroup-outgroup bias by a chance win or loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 269-277.
53. Rubin, M. & Hewstone, M. (1998). Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis: A review and some suggestions for clarification. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 40-62.
54. Simon, B. (1993). On the asymmetry in the cognitive construal of ingroup and outgroup: A model of egocentric social categorization. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 131-148.
55. Smith, E. R., Coats, S. & Walling, D. (1999). Overlapping mental representations of self, ingroup, and partner: Further response time evidence and a connectionist model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 873-882.
56. Smith, E. R. & Henry, S. (1996). An ingroup becomes part of the self: Response time evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 635-642.
57. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of inference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
58. Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-39.
59. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P. & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorisation and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178.
60. Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
61. Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
62. Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
63. Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
64. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D. & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group. A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
65. Wentura, D. (1999). Activation and inhibition of affective information: Evidence for negative priming in the evaluation task. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 65-91.
66. Wentura, D. (In press). Dissociative affective and associative priming effects in the lexical decision task: 'Yes' vs. 'no' responses to word targets reveal evaluative judgment tendencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.
67. Wentura, D. & Greve, W. (1996). Selbstkonzept-Immunisierung: Evidenz für automatische selbstbildstabilisierende Begriffsanpassungen [Self-concept immunisation: Evidence for automatic self-stabilising concept adaptation]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 27, 207-223.