메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 14-24

Mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity

Author keywords

adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK); energy expenditure; hyperinsulinemia; inflammation; lipotoxicity; mitochondria; type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords


EID: 84874806070     PISSN: 16737342     EISSN: 16737458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0262-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (542)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 33847760270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin in the pathogenesis of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
    • Ye J. Role of insulin in the pathogenesis of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2007; 7(1): 65-74.
    • (2007) Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-74
    • Ye, J.1
  • 2
    • 79955561312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of HIF-1α activity in adipose tissue by obesity-associated factors: adipogenesis, insulin, and hypoxia
    • He Q, Gao Z, Yin J, Zhang J, Yun Z, Ye J. Regulation of HIF-1α activity in adipose tissue by obesity-associated factors: adipogenesis, insulin, and hypoxia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300(5): E877-E885.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.300 , Issue.5 , pp. 877-885
    • He, Q.1    Gao, Z.2    Yin, J.3    Zhang, J.4    Yun, Z.5    Ye, J.6
  • 3
    • 84874527555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation during obesity is not all bad: Evidence from animal and human studies
    • Ye J, McGuinness OP. Inflammation during obesity is not all bad: Evidence from animal and human studies. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012 Dec 26. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10. 1152/ajpendo. 00266. 2012.
    • (2012) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
    • Ye, J.1    McGuinness, O.P.2
  • 4
    • 33745861300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and insulin resistance
    • Shoelson SE, Lee J, Goldfine AB. Inflammation and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2006; 116(7): 1793-1801.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , Issue.7 , pp. 1793-1801
    • Shoelson, S.E.1    Lee, J.2    Goldfine, A.B.3
  • 5
    • 0027459878 scopus 로고
    • Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance
    • Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 1993; 259(5091): 87-91.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , Issue.5091 , pp. 87-91
    • Hotamisligil, G.S.1    Shargill, N.S.2    Spiegelman, B.M.3
  • 6
    • 2942650969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ
    • Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89(6): 2548-2556.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 2548-2556
    • Kershaw, E.E.1    Flier, J.S.2
  • 8
    • 0035979775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkbeta
    • Yuan M, Konstantopoulos N, Lee J, Hansen L, Li ZW, Karin M, Shoelson SE. Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkbeta. Science 2001; 293(5535): 1673-1677.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , Issue.5535 , pp. 1673-1677
    • Yuan, M.1    Konstantopoulos, N.2    Lee, J.3    Hansen, L.4    Li, Z.W.5    Karin, M.6    Shoelson, S.E.7
  • 10
    • 58149500277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and insulin resistance
    • Ye J. Emerging role of adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009; 33(1): 54-66.
    • (2009) Int J Obes (Lond) , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-66
    • Ye, J.1
  • 11
    • 0029933665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits insulin signaling through stimulation of the p55 TNF receptor and activation of sphingomyelinase
    • Peraldi P, Hotamisligil GS, Buurman WA, White MF, Spiegelman BM. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits insulin signaling through stimulation of the p55 TNF receptor and activation of sphingomyelinase. J Biol Chem 1996; 271(22): 13018-13022.
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , Issue.22 , pp. 13018-13022
    • Peraldi, P.1    Hotamisligil, G.S.2    Buurman, W.A.3    White, M.F.4    Spiegelman, B.M.5
  • 12
    • 0037073679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by inhibitor kappa B kinase complex
    • Gao Z, Hwang D, Bataille F, Lefevre M, York D, Quon MJ, Ye J. Serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by inhibitor kappa B kinase complex. J Biol Chem 2002; 277(50): 48115-48121.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , Issue.50 , pp. 48115-48121
    • Gao, Z.1    Hwang, D.2    Bataille, F.3    Lefevre, M.4    York, D.5    Quon, M.J.6    Ye, J.7
  • 13
    • 0034708832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase promotes insulin resistance during association with insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphorylation of Ser (307)
    • Aguirre V, Uchida T, Yenush L, Davis R, White MF. The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase promotes insulin resistance during association with insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphorylation of Ser (307). J Biol Chem 2000; 275(12): 9047-9054.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , Issue.12 , pp. 9047-9054
    • Aguirre, V.1    Uchida, T.2    Yenush, L.3    Davis, R.4    White, M.F.5
  • 14
    • 33645225429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of nuclear translocation of HDAC3 by IκBα is required for tumor necrosis factor inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma function
    • Gao Z, He Q, Peng B, Chiao PJ, Ye J. Regulation of nuclear translocation of HDAC3 by IκBα is required for tumor necrosis factor inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma function. J Biol Chem 2006; 281(7): 4540-4547.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , Issue.7 , pp. 4540-4547
    • Gao, Z.1    He, Q.2    Peng, B.3    Chiao, P.J.4    Ye, J.5
  • 15
    • 48849111484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of PPARγ function by TNF-α
    • Ye J. Regulation of PPARγ function by TNF-α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374(3): 405-408.
    • (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.374 , Issue.3 , pp. 405-408
    • Ye, J.1
  • 16
    • 0034084163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity
    • Karin M, Ben-Neriah Y. Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity. Annu Rev Immunol 2000; 18(1): 621-663.
    • (2000) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 621-663
    • Karin, M.1    Ben-Neriah, Y.2
  • 17
    • 58149094542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S6K directly phosphorylates IRS-1 on Ser-270 to promote insulin resistance in response to TNF-(α) signaling through IKK2
    • Zhang J, Gao Z, Yin J, Quon MJ, Ye J. S6K directly phosphorylates IRS-1 on Ser-270 to promote insulin resistance in response to TNF-(α) signaling through IKK2. J Biol Chem 2008; 283(51): 35375-35382.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , Issue.51 , pp. 35375-35382
    • Zhang, J.1    Gao, Z.2    Yin, J.3    Quon, M.J.4    Ye, J.5
  • 18
    • 0035144307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin/IGF-1 and TNF-α stimulate phosphorylation of IRS-1 at inhibitory Ser307 via distinct pathways
    • Rui L, Aguirre V, Kim JK, Shulman GI, Lee A, Corbould A, Dunaif A, White MF. Insulin/IGF-1 and TNF-α stimulate phosphorylation of IRS-1 at inhibitory Ser307 via distinct pathways. J Clin Invest 2001; 107(2): 181-189.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-189
    • Rui, L.1    Aguirre, V.2    Kim, J.K.3    Shulman, G.I.4    Lee, A.5    Corbould, A.6    Dunaif, A.7    White, M.F.8
  • 19
    • 0036710280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRS proteins and the common path to diabetes
    • White MF. IRS proteins and the common path to diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 283(3): E413-E422.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.283 , Issue.3 , pp. 413-422
    • White, M.F.1
  • 20
    • 82355183512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of stem cell differentiation in adipose tissue by chronic inflammation
    • Ye J, Gimble JM. Regulation of stem cell differentiation in adipose tissue by chronic inflammation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38(12): 872-878.
    • (2011) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.38 , Issue.12 , pp. 872-878
    • Ye, J.1    Gimble, J.M.2
  • 21
    • 0030972203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF α-mediated inhibition and reversal of adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by suppressed expression of PPARγ without effects on Pref-1 expression
    • Xing H, Northrop JP, Grove JR, Kilpatrick KE, Su JL, Ringold GM. TNF α-mediated inhibition and reversal of adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by suppressed expression of PPARγ without effects on Pref-1 expression. Endocrinology 1997; 138(7): 2776-2783.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , Issue.7 , pp. 2776-2783
    • Xing, H.1    Northrop, J.P.2    Grove, J.R.3    Kilpatrick, K.E.4    Su, J.L.5    Ringold, G.M.6
  • 22
    • 0036313033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α suppresses adipocyte-specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: nuclear factor-kappaB activation by TNF-α is obligatory
    • Ruan H, Hacohen N, Golub TR, van Parijs L, Lodish HF. Tumor necrosis factor-α suppresses adipocyte-specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: nuclear factor-kappaB activation by TNF-α is obligatory. Diabetes 2002; 51(5): 1319-1336.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 1319-1336
    • Ruan, H.1    Hacohen, N.2    Golub, T.R.3    van Parijs, L.4    Lodish, H.F.5
  • 27
    • 0036212593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exclusive action of transmembrane TNFα in adipose tissue leads to reduced adipose mass and local but not systemic insulin resistance
    • Xu H, Hirosumi J, Uysal KT, Guler AD, Hotamisligil GS. Exclusive action of transmembrane TNFα in adipose tissue leads to reduced adipose mass and local but not systemic insulin resistance. Endocrinology 2002; 143(4): 1502-1511.
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , Issue.4 , pp. 1502-1511
    • Xu, H.1    Hirosumi, J.2    Uysal, K.T.3    Guler, A.D.4    Hotamisligil, G.S.5
  • 28
    • 69249154762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptors for tumor necrosis factor-α play a protective role against obesity and alter adipose tissue macrophage status
    • Pamir N, McMillen TS, Kaiyala KJ, Schwartz MW, LeBoeuf RC. Receptors for tumor necrosis factor-α play a protective role against obesity and alter adipose tissue macrophage status. Endocrinology 2009; 150(9): 4124-4134.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , Issue.9 , pp. 4124-4134
    • Pamir, N.1    McMillen, T.S.2    Kaiyala, K.J.3    Schwartz, M.W.4    LeBoeuf, R.C.5
  • 29
    • 33745315308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 deficiency causes obesity in young mice
    • Chida D, Osaka T, Hashimoto O, Iwakura Y. Combined interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 deficiency causes obesity in young mice. Diabetes 2006; 55(4): 971-977.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 971-977
    • Chida, D.1    Osaka, T.2    Hashimoto, O.3    Iwakura, Y.4
  • 32
    • 23644446750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone
    • Di Gregorio GB, Yao-Borengasser A, Rasouli N, Varma V, Lu T, Miles LM, Ranganathan G, Peterson CA, McGehee RE, Kern PA. Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone. Diabetes 2005; 54(8): 2305-2313.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.8 , pp. 2305-2313
    • Di Gregorio, G.B.1    Yao-Borengasser, A.2    Rasouli, N.3    Varma, V.4    Lu, T.5    Miles, L.M.6    Ranganathan, G.7    Peterson, C.A.8    McGehee, R.E.9    Kern, P.A.10
  • 33
    • 33846201363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of interleukins and other inflammatory cytokines by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity and primarily due to the nonfat cells
    • Fain JN. Release of interleukins and other inflammatory cytokines by human adipose tissue is enhanced in obesity and primarily due to the nonfat cells. Vitam Horm 2006; 74: 443-477.
    • (2006) Vitam Horm , vol.74 , pp. 443-477
    • Fain, J.N.1
  • 36
    • 33846026712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
    • Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest 2007; 117(1): 175-184.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , Issue.1 , pp. 175-184
    • Lumeng, C.N.1    Bodzin, J.L.2    Saltiel, A.R.3
  • 37
    • 0037265240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative activation of macrophages
    • Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3(1): 23-35.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-35
    • Gordon, S.1
  • 38
    • 0037310024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of macrophage activation
    • Mosser DM. The many faces of macrophage activation. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 73(2): 209-212.
    • (2003) J Leukoc Biol , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-212
    • Mosser, D.M.1
  • 41
    • 42349093844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis and obesity
    • Lijnen HR. Angiogenesis and obesity. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 78(2): 286-293.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Res , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 286-293
    • Lijnen, H.R.1
  • 42
    • 52649126788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue may promote angiogenesis for adipose tissue remodeling in obesity
    • Pang C, Gao Z, Yin J, Zhang J, Jia W, Ye J. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue may promote angiogenesis for adipose tissue remodeling in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295(2): E313-E322.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.295 , Issue.2 , pp. 313-322
    • Pang, C.1    Gao, Z.2    Yin, J.3    Zhang, J.4    Jia, W.5    Ye, J.6
  • 44
    • 0030996925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6, a key cytokine in liver regeneration
    • Clavien PA. IL-6, a key cytokine in liver regeneration. Hepatology 1997; 25(5): 1294-1296.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 1294-1296
    • Clavien, P.A.1
  • 45
    • 14644427890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-beta and NF-κB
    • Cai D, Yuan M, Frantz DF, Melendez PA, Hansen L, Lee J, Shoelson SE. Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-beta and NF-κB. Nat Med 2005; 11(2): 183-190.
    • (2005) Nat Med , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-190
    • Cai, D.1    Yuan, M.2    Frantz, D.F.3    Melendez, P.A.4    Hansen, L.5    Lee, J.6    Shoelson, S.E.7
  • 48
    • 84455191537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activation of IKKβ in adipose tissue prevents diet-induced obesity in mice
    • Jiao P, Feng B, Ma J, Nie Y, Paul E, Li Y, Xu H. Constitutive activation of IKKβ in adipose tissue prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153(1): 154-165.
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-165
    • Jiao, P.1    Feng, B.2    Ma, J.3    Nie, Y.4    Paul, E.5    Li, Y.6    Xu, H.7
  • 49
    • 36749027249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 signalling in exercise and disease
    • Pedersen BK. IL-6 signalling in exercise and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35(5): 1295-1297.
    • (2007) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 1295-1297
    • Pedersen, B.K.1
  • 50
    • 84864646651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways
    • Fearon KC, Glass DJ, Guttridge DC. Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways. Cell Metab 2012; 16(2): 153-166.
    • (2012) Cell Metab , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-166
    • Fearon, K.C.1    Glass, D.J.2    Guttridge, D.C.3
  • 51
    • 77951935429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy regulation and neuroendocrine-immune control in chronic inflammatory diseases
    • Straub RH, Cutolo M, Buttgereit F, Pongratz G. Energy regulation and neuroendocrine-immune control in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Intern Med 2010; 267(6): 543-560.
    • (2010) J Intern Med , vol.267 , Issue.6 , pp. 543-560
    • Straub, R.H.1    Cutolo, M.2    Buttgereit, F.3    Pongratz, G.4
  • 52
    • 77957581129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of energy metabolism by inflammation: a feedback response in obesity and calorie restriction
    • Ye J, Keller JN. Regulation of energy metabolism by inflammation: a feedback response in obesity and calorie restriction. Aging (Albany NY) 2010; 2(6): 361-368.
    • (2010) Aging (Albany NY) , vol.2 , Issue.6 , pp. 361-368
    • Ye, J.1    Keller, J.N.2
  • 53
    • 21644473127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity
    • Holloszy JO. Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99(1): 338-343.
    • (2005) J Appl Physiol , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 338-343
    • Holloszy, J.O.1
  • 54
    • 12344305124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes
    • Lowell BB, Shulman GI. Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Science 2005; 307(5708): 384-387.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , Issue.5708 , pp. 384-387
    • Lowell, B.B.1    Shulman, G.I.2
  • 55
    • 84856415487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mitochondria in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Szendroedi J, Phielix E, Roden M. The role of mitochondria in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8(2): 92-103.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Endocrinol , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 92-103
    • Szendroedi, J.1    Phielix, E.2    Roden, M.3
  • 56
    • 58149379936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle "mitochondrial deficiency" does not mediate insulin resistance
    • Holloszy JO. Skeletal muscle "mitochondrial deficiency" does not mediate insulin resistance. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89(1): 463S-466S.
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 463-466
    • Holloszy, J.O.1
  • 57
    • 76149131004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance
    • Pagel-Langenickel I, Bao J, Pang L, Sack MN. The role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Endocr Rev 2010; 31(1): 25-51.
    • (2010) Endocr Rev , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-51
    • Pagel-Langenickel, I.1    Bao, J.2    Pang, L.3    Sack, M.N.4
  • 58
    • 76049118432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: guilty as charged or wrongly accused?
    • Muoio DM. Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: guilty as charged or wrongly accused? Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1801(3): 281-288.
    • (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1801 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-288
    • Muoio, D.M.1
  • 60
    • 0038271638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP production, protein synthesis, and mRNA transcripts
    • Stump CS, Short KR, Bigelow ML, Schimke JM, Nair KS. Effect of insulin on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP production, protein synthesis, and mRNA transcripts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100(13): 7996-8001.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , Issue.13 , pp. 7996-8001
    • Stump, C.S.1    Short, K.R.2    Bigelow, M.L.3    Schimke, J.M.4    Nair, K.S.5
  • 61
    • 0036266251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profile in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes and the effect of insulin treatment
    • Sreekumar R, Halvatsiotis P, Schimke JC, Nair KS. Gene expression profile in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes and the effect of insulin treatment. Diabetes 2002; 51(6): 1913-1920.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1913-1920
    • Sreekumar, R.1    Halvatsiotis, P.2    Schimke, J.C.3    Nair, K.S.4
  • 65
    • 0034659785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
    • Owen MR, Doran E, Halestrap AP. Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biochem J 2000; 348(3): 607-614.
    • (2000) Biochem J , vol.348 , Issue.3 , pp. 607-614
    • Owen, M.R.1    Doran, E.2    Halestrap, A.P.3
  • 66
    • 38349006242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berberine improves glucose metabolism through induction of glycolysis
    • Yin J, Gao Z, Liu D, Liu Z, Ye J. Berberine improves glucose metabolism through induction of glycolysis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294(1): E148-E156.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.294 , Issue.1 , pp. 148-156
    • Yin, J.1    Gao, Z.2    Liu, D.3    Liu, Z.4    Ye, J.5
  • 68
    • 41149159084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: is hyperinsulinemia the cart or the horse?
    • Shanik MH, Xu Y, Skrha J, Dankner R, Zick Y, Roth J. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: is hyperinsulinemia the cart or the horse? Diabetes Care 2008; 31(Suppl 2): S262-S268.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 262-268
    • Shanik, M.H.1    Xu, Y.2    Skrha, J.3    Dankner, R.4    Zick, Y.5    Roth, J.6
  • 69
    • 84555187047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Banting lecture 2011: hyperinsulinemia: cause or consequence?
    • Corkey BE. Banting lecture 2011: hyperinsulinemia: cause or consequence? Diabetes 2012; 61(1): 4-13.
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-13
    • Corkey, B.E.1
  • 70
    • 77956022655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia precedes insulin resistance in mice lacking pancreatic β-cell leptin signaling
    • Gray SL, Donald C, Jetha A, Covey SD, Kieffer TJ. Hyperinsulinemia precedes insulin resistance in mice lacking pancreatic β-cell leptin signaling. Endocrinology 2010; 151(9): 4178-4186.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , Issue.9 , pp. 4178-4186
    • Gray, S.L.1    Donald, C.2    Jetha, A.3    Covey, S.D.4    Kieffer, T.J.5
  • 71
    • 0032169556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin inhibits insulin secretion by activation of phosphodiesterase 3B
    • Zhao AZ, Bornfeldt KE, Beavo JA. Leptin inhibits insulin secretion by activation of phosphodiesterase 3B. J Clin Invest 1998; 102(5): 869-873.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , Issue.5 , pp. 869-873
    • Zhao, A.Z.1    Bornfeldt, K.E.2    Beavo, J.A.3
  • 74
    • 0033636523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of insulin signaling in hepatocytes leads to severe insulin resistance and progressive hepatic dysfunction
    • Michael MD, Kulkarni RN, Postic C, Previs SF, Shulman GI, Magnuson MA, Kahn CR. Loss of insulin signaling in hepatocytes leads to severe insulin resistance and progressive hepatic dysfunction. Mol Cell 2000; 6(1): 87-97.
    • (2000) Mol Cell , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-97
    • Michael, M.D.1    Kulkarni, R.N.2    Postic, C.3    Previs, S.F.4    Shulman, G.I.5    Magnuson, M.A.6    Kahn, C.R.7
  • 76
    • 1642290835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partial loss-of-function mutations in insulin-degrading enzyme that induce diabetes also impair degradation of amyloid β-protein
    • Farris W, Mansourian S, Leissring MA, Eckman EA, Bertram L, Eckman CB, Tanzi RE, Selkoe DJ. Partial loss-of-function mutations in insulin-degrading enzyme that induce diabetes also impair degradation of amyloid β-protein. Am J Pathol 2004; 164 (4): 1425-1434.
    • (2004) Am J Pathol , vol.164 , Issue.4 , pp. 1425-1434
    • Farris, W.1    Mansourian, S.2    Leissring, M.A.3    Eckman, E.A.4    Bertram, L.5    Eckman, C.B.6    Tanzi, R.E.7    Selkoe, D.J.8
  • 77
    • 0036787345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of visceral fat prevents insulin resistance and glucose intolerance of aging: an adipokinemediated process?
    • Gabriely I, Ma XH, Yang XM, Atzmon G, Rajala MW, Berg AH, Scherer P, Rossetti L, Barzilai N. Removal of visceral fat prevents insulin resistance and glucose intolerance of aging: an adipokinemediated process? Diabetes 2002; 51(10): 2951-2958.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.10 , pp. 2951-2958
    • Gabriely, I.1    Ma, X.H.2    Yang, X.M.3    Atzmon, G.4    Rajala, M.W.5    Berg, A.H.6    Scherer, P.7    Rossetti, L.8    Barzilai, N.9
  • 80
    • 33645860825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance
    • Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 2006; 440(7086): 944-948.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , Issue.7086 , pp. 944-948
    • Houstis, N.1    Rosen, E.D.2    Lander, E.S.3
  • 82
    • 0033779714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acids and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Bergman RN, Ader M. Free fatty acids and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2000; 11(9): 351-356.
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , Issue.9 , pp. 351-356
    • Bergman, R.N.1    Ader, M.2
  • 83
    • 0033927667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance
    • Shulman GI. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2000; 106(2): 171-176.
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-176
    • Shulman, G.I.1
  • 84
    • 27244434455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acids and insulin secretion in humans
    • Boden G. Free fatty acids and insulin secretion in humans. Curr Diab Rep 2005; 5(3): 167-170.
    • (2005) Curr Diab Rep , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 167-170
    • Boden, G.1
  • 85
    • 0029049346 scopus 로고
    • A high concentration of fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids is a risk factor for the development of NIDDM
    • Paolisso G, Tataranni PA, Foley JE, Bogardus C, Howard BV, Ravussin E. A high concentration of fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids is a risk factor for the development of NIDDM. Diabetologia 1995; 38(10): 1213-1217.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 1213-1217
    • Paolisso, G.1    Tataranni, P.A.2    Foley, J.E.3    Bogardus, C.4    Howard, B.V.5    Ravussin, E.6
  • 86
    • 12444296524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of fat cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation results in ectopic fat storage, insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus
    • Heilbronn L, Smith SR, Ravussin E. Failure of fat cell proliferation, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation results in ectopic fat storage, insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28(Suppl 4): S12-S21.
    • (2004) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 12-21
    • Heilbronn, L.1    Smith, S.R.2    Ravussin, E.3
  • 87
    • 0032532152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in transgenic mice expressing nuclear SREBP-1c in adipose tissue: model for congenital generalized lipodystrophy
    • Shimomura I, Hammer RE, Richardson JA, Ikemoto S, Bashmakov Y, Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in transgenic mice expressing nuclear SREBP-1c in adipose tissue: model for congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Genes Dev 1998; 12(20): 3182-3194.
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , Issue.20 , pp. 3182-3194
    • Shimomura, I.1    Hammer, R.E.2    Richardson, J.A.3    Ikemoto, S.4    Bashmakov, Y.5    Goldstein, J.L.6    Brown, M.S.7
  • 88
    • 34249915334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exercise increases triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle and prevents fatty acid-induced insulin resistance
    • Schenk S, Horowitz JF. Acute exercise increases triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle and prevents fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2007; 117(6): 1690-1698.
    • (2007) J Clin Invest , vol.117 , Issue.6 , pp. 1690-1698
    • Schenk, S.1    Horowitz, J.F.2
  • 90
    • 79551589284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad3 deficiency in mice protects against insulin resistance and obesity induced by a high-fat diet
    • Tan CK, Leuenberger N, Tan MJ, Yan YW, Chen Y, Kambadur R, Wahli W, Tan NS. Smad3 deficiency in mice protects against insulin resistance and obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Diabetes 2011; 60(2): 464-476.
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 464-476
    • Tan, C.K.1    Leuenberger, N.2    Tan, M.J.3    Yan, Y.W.4    Chen, Y.5    Kambadur, R.6    Wahli, W.7    Tan, N.S.8
  • 91
    • 20844451123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMP-activated protein kinase: ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism
    • Kahn BB, Alquier T, Carling D, Hardie DG. AMP-activated protein kinase: ancient energy gauge provides clues to modern understanding of metabolism. Cell Metab 2005; 1(1): 15-25.
    • (2005) Cell Metab , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-25
    • Kahn, B.B.1    Alquier, T.2    Carling, D.3    Hardie, D.G.4
  • 92
    • 65349177200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPK: an emerging drug target for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome
    • Zhang BB, Zhou G, Li C. AMPK: an emerging drug target for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Cell Metab 2009; 9(5): 407-416.
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 407-416
    • Zhang, B.B.1    Zhou, G.2    Li, C.3
  • 93
    • 0141844653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal modulation of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways involving MyD88 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Lee JY, Ye J, Gao Z, Youn HS, Lee WH, Zhao L, Sizemore N, Hwang DH. Reciprocal modulation of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways involving MyD88 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2003; 278(39): 37041-37051.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , Issue.39 , pp. 37041-37051
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Ye, J.2    Gao, Z.3    Youn, H.S.4    Lee, W.H.5    Zhao, L.6    Sizemore, N.7    Hwang, D.H.8
  • 94
    • 2642561229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitate, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induces the expression of interleukin-6 in human myotubes through proteasome-dependent activation of nuclear factor-κB
    • Weigert C, Brodbeck K, Staiger H, Kausch C, Machicao F, Häring HU, Schleicher ED. Palmitate, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induces the expression of interleukin-6 in human myotubes through proteasome-dependent activation of nuclear factor-κB. J Biol Chem 2004; 279(23): 23942-23952.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , Issue.23 , pp. 23942-23952
    • Weigert, C.1    Brodbeck, K.2    Staiger, H.3    Kausch, C.4    Machicao, F.5    Häring, H.U.6    Schleicher, E.D.7
  • 95
    • 3442895916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of insulin sensitivity by free fatty acids requires activation of multiple serine kinases in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
    • Gao Z, Zhang X, Zuberi A, Hwang D, Quon MJ, Lefevre M, Ye J. Inhibition of insulin sensitivity by free fatty acids requires activation of multiple serine kinases in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 18(8): 2024-2034.
    • (2004) Mol Endocrinol , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 2024-2034
    • Gao, Z.1    Zhang, X.2    Zuberi, A.3    Hwang, D.4    Quon, M.J.5    Lefevre, M.6    Ye, J.7
  • 96
    • 0036905264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Move over protein kinase C, you've got company: alternative cellular effectors of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters
    • Brose N, Rosenmund C. Move over protein kinase C, you've got company: alternative cellular effectors of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters. J Cell Sci 2002; 115(23): 4399-4411.
    • (2002) J Cell Sci , vol.115 , Issue.23 , pp. 4399-4411
    • Brose, N.1    Rosenmund, C.2
  • 99
    • 30044438426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stressed out about obesity and insulin resistance
    • de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Stressed out about obesity and insulin resistance. Nat Med 2006; 12(1): 41-42, discussion 42.
    • (2006) Nat Med , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-42
    • de Luca, C.1    Olefsky, J.M.2
  • 101
    • 10444226462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER stress and the unfolded protein response
    • Schröder M, Kaufman RJ. ER stress and the unfolded protein response. Mutat Res 2005; 569(1-2): 29-63.
    • (2005) Mutat Res , vol.569 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 29-63
    • Schröder, M.1    Kaufman, R.J.2
  • 104
  • 106
    • 35148854599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia is a potential risk factor for chronic inflammation and adiponectin reduction in adipose tissue of ob/ob and dietary obese mice
    • Ye J, Gao Z, Yin J, He Q. Hypoxia is a potential risk factor for chronic inflammation and adiponectin reduction in adipose tissue of ob/ob and dietary obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293(4): E1118-E1128.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.293 , Issue.4 , pp. 1118-1128
    • Ye, J.1    Gao, Z.2    Yin, J.3    He, Q.4
  • 107
    • 58249110569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
    • Bashan N, Kovsan J, Kachko I, Ovadia H, Rudich A. Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Physiol Rev 2009; 89(1): 27-71.
    • (2009) Physiol Rev , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-71
    • Bashan, N.1    Kovsan, J.2    Kachko, I.3    Ovadia, H.4    Rudich, A.5
  • 108
    • 0035092997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling events mediating the additive effects of oleic acid and angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle cell migration
    • Greene EL, Lu G, Zhang D, Egan BM. Signaling events mediating the additive effects of oleic acid and angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Hypertension 2001; 37(2): 308-312.
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-312
    • Greene, E.L.1    Lu, G.2    Zhang, D.3    Egan, B.M.4
  • 109
    • 0032407020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species are critical in the oleic acid-mediated mitogenic signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Lu G, Greene EL, Nagai T, Egan BM. Reactive oxygen species are critical in the oleic acid-mediated mitogenic signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension 1998; 32(6): 1003-1010.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1003-1010
    • Lu, G.1    Greene, E.L.2    Nagai, T.3    Egan, B.M.4
  • 112
    • 0037219409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction?
    • Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction? Diabetes 2003; 52(1): 1-8.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Evans, J.L.1    Goldfine, I.D.2    Maddux, B.A.3    Grodsky, G.M.4
  • 113
    • 5644248079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet β cells in diabetes
    • Robertson RP. Chronic oxidative stress as a central mechanism for glucose toxicity in pancreatic islet β cells in diabetes. J Biol Chem 2004; 279(41): 42351-42354.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , Issue.41 , pp. 42351-42354
    • Robertson, R.P.1
  • 114
    • 57849163103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen sensors at the crossroad of metabolism
    • Aragon'es J, Fraisl P, Baes M, Carmeliet P. Oxygen sensors at the crossroad of metabolism. Cell Metab 2009; 9(1): 11-22.
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-22
    • Aragon'es, J.1    Fraisl, P.2    Baes, M.3    Carmeliet, P.4
  • 115
    • 34547889942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROS signaling in systemic and cellular responses to chronic intermittent hypoxia
    • Prabhakar NR, Kumar GK, Nanduri J, Semenza GL. ROS signaling in systemic and cellular responses to chronic intermittent hypoxia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9(9): 1397-1403.
    • (2007) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.9 , Issue.9 , pp. 1397-1403
    • Prabhakar, N.R.1    Kumar, G.K.2    Nanduri, J.3    Semenza, G.L.4
  • 116
    • 0032913309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm
    • Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999; 48(1): 1-9.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Baynes, J.W.1    Thorpe, S.R.2
  • 117
    • 0033980885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and glycemic regulation
    • Ceriello A. Oxidative stress and glycemic regulation. Metabolism 2000; 49(2 Suppl 1): 27-29.
    • (2000) Metabolism , vol.49 , Issue.2 SUPPL. 1 , pp. 27-29
    • Ceriello, A.1
  • 121
    • 0033517284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy
    • Shimomura I, Hammer RE, Ikemoto S, Brown MS, Goldstein JL. Leptin reverses insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in mice with congenital lipodystrophy. Nature 1999; 401(6748): 73-76.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , Issue.6748 , pp. 73-76
    • Shimomura, I.1    Hammer, R.E.2    Ikemoto, S.3    Brown, M.S.4    Goldstein, J.L.5
  • 122
    • 84874792007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial inhibitor as a new class of insulin sensitizer
    • Zhang Y, Ye J. Mitochondrial inhibitor as a new class of insulin sensitizer. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2012; 2(4): 341-349.
    • (2012) Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 341-349
    • Zhang, Y.1    Ye, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.