Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance

Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 106, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 171-176

  Shulman, Gerald I ^a,b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID METABOLISM; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0033927667     PISSN: 00219738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1172/JCI10583     Document Type: Short Survey

References (46)

1. O'Rahilly, S. 1997. Science, medicine, and the future. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: the gathering storm. BMJ. 314:955-959.
2. Warram, J.H., Martin, B.C., Krolewski, A.S., Soeldner, J.S., and Kahn, C.R. 1990. Slow glucose removal rate and hyperinsulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in the offspring of diabetic patients. Ann. Intern. Mol. 113:909-915.
3. Lillioja, S., et al. 1988. Impaired glucose tolerance as a disorder of insulin action. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in Pima Indians. N. Engl. J. Med. 318:1217-1225.
4. Haffner, S.M., et al. 1990. Diminished insulin sensitivity and increased insulin response in nonobese, nondiabetic Mexican Americans. Metabolism. 39:842-847.
5. Reaven, G.M., Bernstein, R., Davis, B., and Olefsky, J.M. 1976. Nonketotic diabetes mellitus: insulin deficiency or insulin resistance? Am. J. Med. 60:80-88.
6. DeFronzo, R.A. 1988. The triumvirate: beta-cell, muscle, liver: a collusion responsible for NIDDM. Diabetes. 37:667-687.
7. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. N. Engl. J. Med. 322:223-228.
8. Bogardus, C., Lillioja, S., Stone, K., and Mott, D. 1984. Correlation between muscle glycogen synthase activity and in vivo insulin action in man. J. Clin. Invest. 73:1185-1190.
9. Damsbo, P., Vaag, A., Hother-Nielsen, O., and Beck-Nielsen, H. 1991. Reduced glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle from obese patients with and without type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 34:239-245.
10. Wright, K.S., Beck, N.H., Kolterman, O.G., and Mandarino, L.J. 1988. Decreased activation of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase by mixed-meal ingestion in NIDDM. Diabetes. 37:436-440.
11. Kelley, D.E., et al. 1996. The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity on glucose transport and phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. J. Clin. Invest. 97:2705-2713.
12. Braithwaite, S.S., Palazuk, B., Colca, J.R., Edwards, C.W., III, and Hofmann, C. 1995. Reduced expression of hexokinasc II in insulin-resistant diabetes. Diabetes. 44:43-48.
13. Kruszynska, Y.T., Mulford, M.I., Baloga, J., Yu, J.G., and Olefsky, J.M. 1998. Regulation of skeletal muscle hexokinase II by insulin in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. Diabetes. 47:1107-1113.
14. Rothman, D.L., Shulman, R.G., and Shulman, G.I. 1992. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of muscle glucose-6-phosphate. Evidence for reduced insulin-dependent muscle glucose transport or phosphorylation activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest. 89:1069-1075.
15. Bonadonna, R.C., et al. 1996. Roles of glucose transport and glucose phophorylation in muscle insulin resistance of NIDDM. Diabetes. 45:915-925.
16. Zierath, J.R., et al. 1996. Insulin action on glucose transport and plasma membrane GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle from patients with NIDDM. Diabetologia. 39:1180-1189.
17. Dohm, G.L., et al. 1988. An in vitro human muscle preparation suitable for metabolic studies. Decreased insulin stimulation of glucose transport in muscle from morbidly obese and diabetic subjects. J. Clin. Invest. 82:486-494.
18. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of muscle glucose-6-phosphate: evidence for reduced insulin-dependent muscle glucose transport or phosphorylation activity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest. 89:1069-1075.
19. Rossetti, L., Giaccari, A., and DeFronzo, R.A. 1990. Glucose toxicity. Diabetes Care. 13:610-630.
20. Rothman, D.L., et al. 1995. Decreased muscle glucose transport/phosphorylation is an early defect in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:983-987.
21. Cline, G., et al. 1999. Glucose transport is rate controlling for insulin stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 341:240-246.
22. Yang, Y.J., Hope, I.D., Ader, M., and Bergman, R.N. 1989. Insulin transport across capillaries is rate limiting for insulin action in dogs. J. Clin. Invest. 84:1620-1628.
23. Pessin, J.E., and Saltiel, A.R. 2000. Signaling pathways in insulin action: molecular targets of insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 106:165-169.
24. Reaven, G.M., Hollenbeck, C., Jeng, C.-Y., Wu, M.S., and Chen, Y.-D. 1988. Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 37:1020-1024.
25. Frayne, K.N. 1993. Insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 4:197-204.
26. McGarry, J.D. 1992. What if Minkowski had been ageusic? An alternative, angle on diabetes. Science. 258:766-770.
27. Boden, G., Chen, X., Ruiz, J., White, J.V., and Rosetti, L. 1994. Mechanism of fatty acid induced inhibition of glucose uptake. J. Clin. Invest. 93:2438-2446.
28. Perseghin, G., Ghosh, S., Gerow, K., and Shulman, G.I. 1997. Metabolic defects in lean nondiabetic offspring of NIDDM parents: across-sectional study. Diabetes. 46:1001-1009.
29. Pan, D.A., et al. 1997. Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action. Diabetes. 46:983-988.
30. 1H NMR spectroscopy study. Diabetologia. 42:113-116.
31. Perseghin, G., et al. 1999. Intramyocellular triglyceride content is a determinant of in vivo insulin resistance in humans: a 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. Diabetes. 48:1600-1606.
32. Stein, D.T., Szczepaniak, L.S., Dobbins, R.L., Snell, P., and McGarry, J.D. 1998. Skeletal muscle triglycerides stores are increased in insulin resistant states. Proceedings of the 6th Scientific Meeting for the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (Sydney). 388. (Abstr).
33. Randle, P.J., Garland, P.B., Hales, C.N., and Newsholme, E.A. 1963. The glucose fatty-acid cycle: its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus. Lancet. i:785-789.
34. Randle, P.J., Garland, P.B., Newsholme, E.A., and Hales, C.N. 1965. The glucose fatty-acid cycle in obesity and maturity onset diabetes mellitus. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 131:324-333.
35. Randle, P.J., Newsholme, E.A., and Garland, R.B. 1964. Regulation of glucose uptake by muscle. Effects of fatty acids, ketone bodies and pyruvate, and of alloxan, diabetes and starvation, on the uptake and metabolic fate of glucose in rat heart and diaphragm muscles. Biochem. J. 93:652-665.
36. Roden, M., et al. 1996. Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans. J. Clin. Invest. 97:2859-2865.
37. Dresner, A., et al. 1999. Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. J. Clin. Invest. 103:253-259.
38. Griffin, M.E., et al. 1999. Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activity of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascade. Diabetes. 48:1270-1274.
39. Petersen, K.F., et al. 1998. 13C/31P NMR studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity. Diabetes. 47:381-386.
40. Kahn, B.B. 1992. Facilitative glucose transporters: regulatory mechanisms and dysregulation in diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 89:1367-1374.
41. Chalkley, S.M., Hettiarachchi, N., Chisholm, D.J., and Kraegen, E.W., 1998. Five-hour fatty acid elevation increases muscle lipids and impairs glycogen synthesis in the rat. Metabolism. 47:1121-1126.
42. Schmitz-Peiffer, C., et al. 1997. Alterations in the expression and cellular localization of protein kinase C isozymes epsilon and theta are associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of the high-fat-fed rat. Diabetes. 46:169-178.
43. Gavrilova, O., et al. 2000. Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice. J. Clin. Invest. 105:271-278.
44. Kim, J., Gavrilova, O., Chen, Y., Reitman, M., Shulman, G.I. 2000. Mechanisms of insulin resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 fatless mice. J. Biol. Chem. 275:8456-8460.
45. Oakes, N.D., et al. 1994. A new antidiabetic agent, BRL 49653, reduces lipid availability and improves insulin action and glucoregulation in the rar. Diabetes. 43:1203-1210.
46. Oakes, N.D., Camilleri, S., Furler, S.M., Chisholm, D.J., and Kraegen, E.W. 1997. The insulin sensitizer, BRL 49653, reduces systemic fatty acid supply and utilization and tissue lipid availability in the rat. Metabolism. 46:935-942.