Architecture and biosynthesis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall

Genetics

Volumn 192, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 775-818

  Orlean, Peter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,3 BETA GLUCANASE; AGGLUTININ; BETA 1,3 GLUCAN; BETA 1,6 GLUCAN; CALNEXIN; CELL MEMBRANE PROTEIN; CHAPERONE; CHITIN; CHITIN SYNTHASE; CHITIN SYNTHASE I; CHITIN SYNTHASE III; CHITINASE; FLOCCULIN; GLYCAN; GLYCOLIPID; GLYCOPROTEIN; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; LIPID; MANNAN; MANNOPROTEIN; MANNOSYLTRANSFERASE; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; PROTEIN KNH1; PROTEIN KRE6; PROTEIN KRE9; PROTEIN RHO1 GTPASE; PROTEIN SKN1; SECRETORY PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BIOSYNTHESIS; CELL SHAPE; CELL WALL; CELLULAR STRESS RESPONSE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CROSS LINKING; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; FUNGUS GROWTH; FUNGUS HYPHAE; GLYCOSYLATION; GOLGI COMPLEX; MANNOSYLATION; MOLECULAR MODEL; NONHUMAN; OSMOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE CELL WALL; SPOROGENESIS; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; YEAST CELL;

BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS; CELL WALL; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

EID: 84869046702     PISSN: 00166731     EISSN: 19432631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.112.144485     Document Type: Review

References (528)

1. Abe, M., H. Hashimoto, and K. Yoda, 1999 Molecular characterization of Vig4/Vrg4 GDP-mannose transporter of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 458: 309-312.
2. Abe, M., I. Nishida, M. Minemura, H. Qadota, Y. Seyama et al., 2001 Yeast 1,3-β-glucan synthase activity is inhibited by phytosphingosine localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 26923-26930.
3. Abeijon, C., and L. Y. Chen, 1998 The role of glucosidase I (Cwh41p) in the biosynthesis of cell wall β -1,6-glucan is indirect. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 2729-2738.
4. Abeijon, C., P. Orlean, P. W. Robbins, and C. B. Hirschberg, 1989 Topography of glycosylation in yeast: characterization of GDP-mannose transport and lumenal guanosine diphosphatase activities in Golgi-like vesicles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 6935-6939.
5. Abramova, N., O. Sertil, S. Mehta, and C. V. Lowry, 2001 Reciprocal regulation of anaerobic and aerobic cell wall mannoprotein gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 183: 2881-2887.
6. Absmanner, B., V. Schmeiser, M. Kämpf, and L. Lehle, 2010 Biochemical characterization, membrane association and identification of amino acids essential for the function of Alg11 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an α1,2-mannosyltransferase catalysing two sequential glycosylation steps in the formation of the lipid-linked core oligosaccharide. Biochem. J. 426: 205-217.
7. Adams, D. J., 2004 Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. Microbiology 150: 2029-2035.
8. Aebi, M., J. Gassenhuber, H. Domdey, and S. te Heesen, 1996 Cloning and characterization of the ALG3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glycobiology 6: 439-444.
9. Aebi, M., R. Bernasconi, S. Clerc, and M. Molinari, 2010 N-glycan structures: recognition and processing in the ER. Trends Biochem. Sci. 35: 74-82.
10. Aguilar-Uscanga, B., and J. M. François, 2003 A study of the yeast cell wall composition and structure in response to growth conditions and mode of cultivation. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 268-274.
11. Aimanianda, V., C. Clavaud, C. Simenel, T. Fontaine, M. Delepierre et al., 2009 Cell wall β-(1,6)-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: structural characterization and in situ synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 13401-13412.
12. Andrés, I., O. Gallardo, P. Parascandola, F. I. Javier Pastor, and J. Zueco, 2005 Use of the cell wall protein Pir4 as a fusion partner for the expression of Bacillus sp. BP-7 xylanase A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 89: 690-697.
13. Appeltauer, U., and T. Achstetter, 1989 Hormone-induced expression of the CHS1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 181: 243-247.
14. Arroyo, J., J. Hutzler, C. Bermejo, and E. Ragni, J. García-Cantalejo, et al., 2011 Functional and genomic analyses of blocked protein O-mannosylation in baker's yeast. Mol. Microbiol. 79: 1529-1546.
15. Ashida, H., Y. Hong, Y. Murakami, N. Shishioh, N. Sugimoto et al., 2005 Mammalian PIG-X and yeast Pbn1p are the essential components of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase I. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 1439-1448.
16. Azuma, M., J. N. Levinson, N. Pagé, and H. Bussey, 2002 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Big1p, a putative endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein required for normal levels of cell wall β-1,6-glucan. Yeast 19: 783-793.
17. Baba, M., N. Baba, Y. Ohsumi, K. Kanaya, and M. Osumi, 1989 Three-dimensional analysis of morphogenesis induced by mating pheromone a factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Sci. 94: 207-216.
18. Baladrón, V., S. Ufano, E. Dueñas, A. B. Martín-Cuadrado, F. del Rey et al., 2002 Eng1p, an endo-1,3-β-glucanase localized at the daughter side of the septum, is involved in cell separation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 1: 774-786.
19. Ballou, C. E., 1982 Yeast cell wall and surface, pp. 335-360 in The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Metabolism and Gene Expression, edited by J. N. Strathern, E.W. Jones, and J. R. Broach. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
20. Ballou, C. E., 1990 Isolation, characterization, and properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn mutants with nonconditional protein glycosylation defects. Methods Enzymol. 185: 440-470.
21. Ballou, C. E., S. K. Maitra, J. W. Walker, and W. L. Whelan, 1977 Developmental defects associated with glucosamine auxotrophy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 4351-4355.
22. Barnes, G., W. J. Hansen, C. L. Holcomb, and J. Rine, 1984 Asparagine-linked glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic analysis of an early step. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4: 2381-2388.
23. Bays, N. W., R. G. Gardner, L. P. Seelig, C. A. Joazeiro, and R. Y. Hampton, 2001 Hrd1p/Der3p is a membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase required for ER-associated degradation. Nat. Cell Biol. 3: 24-29.
24. Beauvais, A., C. Loussert, M. C. Prevost, K. Verstrepen, and J. P. Latgé, 2009 Characterization of a biofilm-like extracellular matrix in FLO1-expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. FEMS Yeast Res. 9: 411-419.
25. Benachour, A., G. Sipos, I. Flury, F. Reggiori, E. Canivenc-Gansel et al., 1999 Deletion of GPI7, a yeast gene required for addition of a side chain to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) core structure, affects GPI protein transport, remodeling, and cell wall integrity. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 15251-15261.
26. Benghezal, M., A. Benachour, S. Rusconi, M. Aebi, and A. Conzelmann, 1996 Yeast Gpi8p is essential for GPI anchor attachment onto proteins. EMBO J. 15: 6575-6583.
27. Berninsone, P., J. J. Miret, and C. B. Hirschberg, 1994 The Golgi guanosine diphosphatase is required for transport of GDP-mannose into the lumen of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Golgi vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 207-211.
28. Bhamidipati, A., V. Denic, E. M. Quan, and J. S. Weissman, 2005 Exploration of the topological requirements of ERAD identifies Yos9p as a lectin sensor of misfolded glycoproteins in the ER lumen. Mol. Cell 19: 741-751.
29. Bi, E., and H.-O. Park, 2012 Cell polarization and cytokinesis in budding yeast. Genetics 191: 347-387.
30. 2-PP-dolichol. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 34500-34506.
31. Bickle, M., P.-A. Delley, A. Schmidt, and M. N. Hall, 1998 Cell wall integrity modulates RHO1 activity via the exchange factor ROM2. EMBO J. 17: 2235-2245.
32. Boder, E. T., and K. D. Wittrup, 1997 Yeast surface display for screening combinatorial polypeptide libraries. Nat. Biotechnol. 15: 553-557.
33. Bojsen, R. K., K. S. Andersen, and B. Regenberg, 2012 Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a model to uncover molecular mechanisms for yeast biofilm biology. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 65: 169-182.
34. Boone, C., S. S. Sommer, A. Hensel, and H. Bussey, 1990 Yeast KRE genes provide evidence for a pathway of cell wall β-glucan assembly. J. Cell Biol. 110: 1833-1843.
35. Boorsma, A., H. de Nobel, B. ter Riet, B. Bargmann, S. Brul et al., 2004 Characterization of the transcriptional response to cell wall stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 21: 413-427.
36. Bosson, R., M. Jaquenoud, and A. Conzelmann, 2006 GUP1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an O-acyltransferase involved in remodeling of the GPI anchor. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 2636-2645.
37. Bowen, S., and A. E. Wheals, 2004 Incorporation of Sed1p into the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves KRE6. FEMS Yeast Res. 4: 731-735.
38. Breinig, F., K. Schleinkofer, and M. J. Schmitt, 2004 Yeast Kre1p is GPI-anchored and involved in both cell wall assembly and architecture. Microbiology 150: 3209-3218.
39. Brown, J. L., and H. Bussey, 1993 The yeast KRE9 gene encodes an O glycoprotein involved in cell surface β-glucan assembly. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 6346.
40. Bulawa, C. E., 1993 Genetics and molecular biology of chitin synthesis in fungi. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 47: 505-534.
41. Bulik, D. A., M. Olczak, H. A. Lucero, B. C. Osmond, P. W. Robbins et al., 2003 Chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to supplementation of growth medium with glucosamine and cell wall stress. Eukaryot. Cell 2: 886-900.
42. Burda, P., and M. Aebi, 1998 The ALG10 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the α-1,2 glucosyltransferase of the endoplasmic reticulum: the terminal glucose of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide is required for efficient N-linked glycosylation. Glycobiology 8: 455-462.
43. Burda, P., and M. Aebi, 1999 The dolichol pathway of N-linked glycosylation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 239-257.
44. Burda, P., C. A. Jakob, J. Beinhauer, J. H. Hegemann, and M. Aebi, 1999 Ordered assembly of the asymmetrically branched lipidlinked oligosaccharide in the endoplasmic reticulum is ensured by the substrate specificity of the individual glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 9: 617-625.
45. Buschhorn, B. A., Z. Kostova, B. Medicherla, and D. H. Wolf, 2004 A genome-wide screen identifies Yos9p as essential for ER-associated degradation of glycoproteins. FEBS Lett. 577: 422-426.
46. Cabib, E., 2004 The septation apparatus, a chitin-requiring machine in budding yeast. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 426: 201-207.
47. Cabib, E., 2009 Two novel techniques for determination of polysaccharide cross-links show that Crh1p and Crh2p attach chitin to both β(1-6)- and β(1-3)glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Eukaryot. Cell 8: 1626-1636.
48. Cabib, E., and A. Duran, 2005 Synthase III-dependent chitin is bound to different acceptors depending on location on the cell wall of budding yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 9170-9179.
49. Cabib, E., and M. Schmidt, 2003 Chitin synthase III activity, but not the chitin ring, is required for remedial septa formation in budding yeast. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 224: 299-305.
50. Cabib, E., A. Sburlati, B. Bowers, and S. J. Silverman, 1989 Chitin synthase 1, an auxiliary enzyme for chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 108: 1665-1672.
51. Cabib, E., D. H. Roh, M. Schmidt, L. B. Crotti, and A. Varma, 2001 The yeast cell wall and septum as paradigms of cell growth and morphogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 19679-19682.
52. Cabib, E., N. Blanco, C. Grau, J. M. Rodríguez-Peña, and J. Arroyo, 2007 Crh1p and Crh2p are required for the cross-linking of chitin to β(1-6)glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Mol. Microbiol. 63: 921-935.
53. Cabib, E., V. Farkas, O. Kosík, N. Blanco, J. Arroyo et al., 2008 Assembly of the yeast cell wall. Crh1p and Crh2p act as transglycosylases in vivo and in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 29859-29872.
54. Canivenc-Gansel, E., I. Imhof, F. Reggiori, P. Burda, A. Conzelmann et al., 1998 GPI anchor biosynthesis in yeast: phosphoethanolamine is attached to the α1,4-linked mannose of the complete precursor glycophospholipid. Glycobiology 8: 761-770.
55. Cantagrel, V., D. J. Lefeber, B. G. Ng, Z. Guan, J. L. Silhavy et al., 2010 SRD5A3 is required for converting polyprenol to dolichol and is mutated in a congenital glycosylation disorder. Cell 42: 203-217.
56. Cappellaro, C., C. Baldermann, R. Rachel, and W. Tanner, 1994 Mating type-specific cell-cell recognition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cell wall attachment and active sites of a- and α-agglutinin. EMBO J. 13: 4737-4744.
57. Cappellaro, C., V. Mrša, and W. Tanner, 1998 New potential cell wall glucanases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their involvement in mating. J. Bacteriol. 180: 5030-5037.
58. Caramelo, J. J., and A. J. Parodi, 2007 How sugars convey information on protein conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 18: 732-742.
59. Caro, L. H. P., H. Tettelin, J. H. Vossen, A. F. J. Ram, H. Van den Ende et al., 1997 In silico identification of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol- anchored plasma-membrane and cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13: 1477-1489.
60. Caro, L. H., G. J. Smits, P. van Egmond, J. W. Chapman, and F. M. Klis, 1998 Transcription of multiple cell wall protein-encoding genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is differentially regulated during the cell cycle. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 161: 345-349.
61. Carotti, C., L. Ferrario, C. Roncero, M. H. Valdivieso, A. Duran et al., 2002 Maintenance of cell integrity in the gas1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the Chs3p-targeting and activation pathway and involves an unusual Chs3p localization. Yeast 19: 1113-1124.
62. Carotti, C., E. Ragni, O. Palomares, T. Fontaine, G. Tedeschi et al., 2004 Characterization of recombinant forms of the yeast Gas1 protein and identification of residues essential for glucanosyltransferase activity and folding. Eur. J. Biochem. 271: 3635-3645.
63. Castillo, L., A. I. Martinez, A. Garcerá, M. V. Elorza, E. Valentín et al., 2003 Functional analysis of the cysteine residues and the repetitive sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pir4/Cis3: the repetitive sequence is needed for binding to the cell wall β-1,3-glucan. Yeast 20: 973-983.
64. Castro, O., L. Y. Chen, A. J. Parodi, and C. Abeijón, 1999 Uridine diphosphate-glucose transport into the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: in vivo and in vitro evidence. Mol. Biol. Cell 10: 1019-1030.
65. Chantret, I., J. Dancourt, A. Barbat, and S. E. H. Moore, 2005 Two proteins homologous to the N- and C-terminal domains of the bacterial glycosyltransferase MurG are required for the second step of dolichyl linked oligosaccharide synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 18551-18552.
66. Chavan, M., M. Rekowicz, and W. Lennarz, 2003a Insight into functional aspects of Stt3p, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. Evidence for interaction of the N-terminal domain of Stt3p with the protein kinase C cascade. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 51441-51447.
67. Chavan, M., T. Suzuki, M. Rekowicz, and W. Lennarz, 2003b Genetic, biochemical, and morphological evidence for the involvement of N-glycosylation in biosynthesis of the cell wall b1,6-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 15381-15386.
68. Chavan, M., Z. Chen, G. Li, H. Schindelin, W. J. Lennarz et al., 2006 Dimeric organization of the yeast oligosaccharyl transferase complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 8947-8952.
69. Chen, M.-H., Z.-M. Shen, S. Bobin, P. C. Kahn, and P. N. Lipke, 1995 Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-agglutinin. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 26168-26177.
70. Chin, C. F., A. M. Bennett, W. K. Ma, M. C. Hall, and F. M. Yeong, 2012 Dependence of Chs2 ER export on dephosphorylation by cytoplasmic Cdc14 ensures that septum formation follows mitosis. Mol. Biol. Cell 23: 45-58.
71. Cho, R. J., M. J. Campbell, E. A. Winzeler, L. Steinmetz, A. Conway et al., 1998 A genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the mitotic cell cycle. Mol. Cell 2: 65-73.
72. Choi, W. J., B. Santos, A. Duran, and E. Cabib, 1994a Are yeast chitin synthases regulated at the transcriptional or the posttranslational level? Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 7685-7694.
73. Choi, W. J., A. Sburlati, and E. Cabib, 1994b Chitin synthase 3 from yeast has zymogenic properties that depend on both the CAL1 and the CAL3 genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 4727-4730.
74. Christodoulidou, A., P. Briza, A. Ellinger, and V. Bouriotis, 1999 Yeast ascospore wall assembly requires two chitin deacetylase isozymes. FEBS Lett. 460: 275-279.
75. Chuang, J. S., and R. W. Schekman, 1996 Differential trafficking and timed localization of two chitin synthase proteins, Chs2p and Chs3p. J. Cell Biol. 135: 597-610.
76. Cipollo, J. F., and R. B. Trimble, 2002 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg12Δ mutant reveals a role for the middle-arm α1,2Manand upper-arm α1,2Mana1,6Man- residues of Glc3Man9Glc-NAc2-PP-Dol in regulating glycoprotein glycan processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Glycobiology 12: 749-762.
77. 2-PP-dolichol N-glycosylation intermediate formed on the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 21828-21840.
78. Clerc, S., C. Hirsch, D. M. Oggier, P. Deprez, C. Jakob et al., 2009 Htm1 protein generates the N-glycan signal for glycoprotein degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell Biol. 184: 159-172.
79. Colman-Lerner, A., T. E. Chin, and R. Brent, 2001 Yeast Cbk1 and Mob2 activate daughter-specific genetic programs to induce asymmetric cell fates. Cell 107: 739-750.
80. Coluccio, A., E. Bogengruber, M. N. Conrad, M. E. Dresser, P. Briza et al., 2004 Morphogenetic pathway of spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 3: 1464-1475.
81. Conzelmann, A., C. Fankhauser, and C. Desponds, 1990 Myoinositol gets incorporated into numerous membrane glycoproteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: incorporation is dependent on phosphomannomutase (SEC53). EMBO J. 9: 653-661.
82. Conzelmann, A., A. Puoti, R. L. Lester, and C. Desponds, 1992 Two different types of lipid moieties are present in glycophosphoinositolanchored membrane proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 11: 457-466.
83. Correa, J. U., N. Elango, I. Polacheck, and E. Cabib, 1982 Endochitinase, a mannan-associated enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 1392-1397.
84. Cos, T., R. A. Ford, J. A. Trilla, A. Duran, E. Cabib et al., 1998 Molecular analysis of Chs3p participation in chitin synthase III activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 256: 419-426.
85. Costello, L. C., and P. Orlean, 1992 Inositol acylation of a potential glycosyl phosphoinositol anchor precursor from yeast requires acyl coenzyme A. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 8599-8603.
86. Couto, J. R., T. C. Huffaker, and P. W. Robbins, 1984 Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a yeast mannosyltransferase from the asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 378-382.
87. Dallies, N., J. Francois, and V. Paquet, 1998 A new method for quantitative determination of polysaccharides in the yeast cell wall. Application to the cell wall defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 14: 1297-1306.
88. Daran, J. M., N. Dallies, D. Thines-Sempoux, V. Paquet, and J. François, 1995 Genetic and biochemical characterization of the UGP1 gene encoding the UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 233: 520-530.
89. Daran, J. M., W. Bell, and J. François, 1997 Physiological and morphological effects of genetic alterations leading to a reduced synthesis of UDP-glucose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 153: 89-96.
90. Deak, P. M., and D. H. Wolf, 2001 Membrane topology and function of Der3/Hrd1p as a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) involved in endoplasmic reticulum degradation. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 10663-10669.
91. Dean, N., 1999 Asparagine-linked glycosylation in the yeast Golgi. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 309-322.
92. Dean, N., Y. B. Zhang, and J. B. Poster, 1997 The VRG4 gene is required for GDP-mannose transport into the lumen of the Golgi in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 31908-31914.
93. Debono, M., and R. S. Gordee, 1994 Antibiotics that inhibit fungal cell wall development. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48: 471-497.
94. De Groot, P. W., C. Ruiz, C. R. Vázquez de Aldana, E. Dueñas, V. J Cid et al., 2001 A genomic approach for the identification and classification of genes involved in cell wall formation and its regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Comp. Funct. Genomics 2: 124-142.
95. De Groot, P. W., K. J. Hellingwerf, and F. M. Klis, 2003 Genomewide identification of fungal GPI proteins. Yeast 20: 781-796.
96. De Groot, P. W., A. F. Ram, and F. M. Klis, 2005 Features and functions of covalently linked proteins in fungal cell walls. Fungal Genet. Biol. 42: 657-675.
97. DeMarini, D. J., A. E. Adams, H. Fares, C. De Virgilio, G. Valle et al., 1997 A septin-based hierarchy of proteins required for localized deposition of chitin in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. J. Cell Biol. 139: 75-93.
98. De Nobel, J. G., F. M. Klis, J. Priem, T. Munnik, and H. van den Ende, 1990 The glucanase-soluble mannoproteins limit cell wall porosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 6: 491-499.
99. De Nobel, J. G., and J. A. Barnett, 1991 Passage of molecules through yeast cell walls: a brief essay-review. Yeast 7: 313-323.
100. De Nobel, H., P. N. Lipke, and J. Kurjan, 1996 Identification of a ligand binding site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a-agglutinin. Mol. Biol. Cell 7: 143-153.
101. De Sampaïo, G., J.-P. Bourdineaud, and J.-M. Laquin, 1999 A constitutive role for GPI anchors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cell wall targeting. Mol. Microbiol. 34: 247-256.
102. Dijkgraaf, G. J., J. L. Brown, and H. Bussey, 1996 The KNH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a functional homolog of KRE9. Yeast 12: 683-692.
103. Dijkgraaf, G. J., M. Abe, Y. Ohya, and H. Bussey, 2002 Mutations in Fks1p affect the cell wall content of β-1,3- and β-1,6-glucan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 19: 671-690.
104. Doolin, M. T., A. L. Johnson, L. H. Johnston, and G. Butler, 2001 Overlapping and distinct roles of the duplicated yeast transcription factors Ace2p and Swi5p. Mol. Microbiol. 40: 422-432.
105. Dranginis, A. M., J. M. Rauceo, J. E. Coronado, and P. N. Lipke, 2007 A biochemical guide to yeast adhesins: glycoproteins for social and antisocial occasions. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 71: 282-294.
106. Drgonová, J., T. Drgon, K. Tanaka, R. Kollar, G. C. Chen et al., 1996 Rho1p, a yeast protein at the interface between cell polarization and morphogenesis. Science 272: 277-279.
107. Drgonova, J., T. Drgon, D. H. Roh, and E. Cabib, 1999 The GTPbinding protein Rho1 is required for cell cycle progression and polarization of the yeast cell. J. Cell Biol. 146: 373-387.
108. Dünkler, A., S. Jorde, and J. Wendland, 2008 An Ashbya gossypii cts2 mutant deficient in a sporulation-specific chitinase can be complemented by Candida albicans CHT4. Microbiol. Res. 163: 701-710.
109. Dupres, V., Y. F. Dufrêne, and J. J. Heinisch, 2010 Measuring cell wall thickness in living yeast cells using single molecular rulers. ACS Nano 4: 5498-5504.
110. Dupres, V., J. J. Heinisch, and Y. F. Dufrêne, 2011 Atomic force microscopy demonstrates that disulfide bridges are required for clustering of the yeast cell wall integrity sensor Wsc1. Langmuir 27: 15129-15134.
111. Duran, A., and E. Cabib, 1978 Solubilization and partial purification of yeast chitin synthetase. Confirmation of the zymogenic nature of the enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 4419-4425.
112. Ecker, M., V. Mrša, I. Hagen, R. Deutzmann, S. Strahl et al., 2003 Omannosylation precedes and potentially controls the N-glycosylation of a yeast cell wall glycoprotein. EMBO Rep. 4: 628-632.
113. Ecker, M., R. Deutzmann, L. Lehle, V. Mrša, and W. Tanner, 2006 Pir proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are attached to β-1,3-glucan by a new protein-carbohydrate linkage. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 11523-11529.
114. Eisenhaber, B., S. Maurer-Stroh, M. Novatchkova, G. Schneider, and F. Eisenhaber, 2003 Enzymes and auxiliary factors for GPI lipid anchor biosynthesis and post-translational transfer to proteins. Bioessays 25: 367-385.
115. Eisenhaber, B., G. Schneider, M. Wildpaner, and F. Eisenhaber, 2004 A sensitive predictor for potential GPI lipid modification sites in fungal protein sequences and its application to genomewide studies for Aspergillus nidulans, Candida albicans, Neurospora crassa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. J. Mol. Biol. 337: 243-253.
116. El-Sherbeini, M., and J. A. Clemas, 1995 Cloning and characterization of GNS1: a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene involved in synthesis of 1,3-β-glucan in vitro. J. Bacteriol. 177: 3227-3234.
117. Erdman, S. E., L. Lin, M. Malczynski, and M. Snyder, 1998 Pheromone-regulated genes required for yeast mating differentiation. J. Cell Biol. 140: 461-483.
118. Esther, C. R. Jr., J. I. Sesma, H. G. Dohlman, and A. D. Ault, M. L. Clas, et al., 2008 Similarities between UDP-glucose and adenine nucleotide release in yeast: involvement of the secretory pathway. Biochemistry 47: 9269-9278.
119. Fabre, A.-L., P. Orlean, and C. H. Taron, 2005 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ybr004c and its human homologue are required for addition of the second mannose during glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursor assembly. FEBS J. 272: 1160-1168.
120. Fankhauser, C., S. W. Homans, J. E. Thomas-Oates, M. J. McConville, C. Desponds et al., 1993 Structures of glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchors from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 26365-26374.
121. Fernandez, F., J. S. Rush, D. A. Toke, G. S. Han, J. E. Quinn et al., 2001 The CWH8 gene encodes a dolichyl pyrophosphate phosphatase with a luminally oriented active site in the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 41455-41464.
122. Fleet, G. H., 1991 Cell walls, pp. 199-277 in The Yeasts, Vol. 4, Ed. 2, edited by A. H. Rose, and J. S. Harrison. Academic Press, New York.
123. Flury, I., A. Benachour, and A. Conzelmann, 2000 YLL031c belongs to a novel family of membrane proteins involved in the transfer of ethanolaminephosphate onto the core structure of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 24458-24465.
124. Fraering, P., I. Imhof, U. Meyer, J. M. Strub, A. van Dorsselaer et al., 2001 The GPI transamidase complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains Gaa1p, Gpi8p, and Gpi16p. Mol. Biol. Cell 12: 3295-3306.
125. Frank, C. G., and M. Aebi, 2005 Alg9 mannosyltransferase is involved in two different steps of lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Glycobiology 15: 1156-1163.
126. Frank, C. G., S. Sanyal, J. S. Rush, C. J. Waechter, and A. K. Menon, 2008 Does Rft1 flip an N-glycan lipid precursor? Nature 454: E3-E4.
127. Frieman, M. B., and B. P. Cormack, 2003 The v-site sequence of glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-anchored proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can determine distribution between the membrane and the cell wall. Mol. Microbiol. 50: 883-896.
128. Frieman, M. B., and B. P. Cormack, 2004 Multiple sequence signals determine the distribution of glycosylphosphatidylinositol proteins between the plasma membrane and cell wall in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 150: 3105-3114.
129. Fujii, T., H. Shimoi, and Y. Iimura, 1999 Structure of the glucanbinding sugar chain of Tip1p, a cell wall protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1427: 133-144.
130. Fujita, M., and T. Kinoshita, 2010 Structural remodeling of GPI anchors during biosynthesis and after attachment to proteins. FEBS Lett. 584: 1670-1677.
131. Fujita, M., T. Yoko-o, M. Okamoto, and Y. Jigami, 2004 GPI7 involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis is essential for yeast cell separation. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 51869-51879.
132. Fujita, M., T. Yoko-o, and Y. Jigami, 2006a Inositol deacylation by Bst1p is required for the quality control of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 834-850.
133. Fujita, M., M. Umemura, T. Yoko-o, and Y. Jigami, 2006b PER1 is required for GPI-phospholipase A2 activity and involved in lipid remodeling of GPI-anchored proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 5253-5264.
134. Fujita, M., Y. Maeda, M. Ra, Y. Yamaguchi, R. Taguchi et al., 2009 GPI glycan remodeling by PGAP5 regulates transport of GPI-anchored proteins from the ER to the Golgi. Cell 139: 352-365.
135. Gagnon-Arsenault, I., J. Tremblay, and Y. Bourbonnais, 2006 Fungal yapsins and cell wall: a unique family of aspartic peptidases for a distinctive cellular function. FEMS Yeast Res. 6: 966-978.
136. Gagnon-Arsenault, I., L. Parise, J. Tremblay, and Y. Bourbonnais, 2008 Activation mechanism, functional role, and shedding of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Yps1p at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface. Mol. Microbiol. 69: 982-983.
137. Gai, S. A., and K. D. Wittrup, 2007 Yeast surface display for protein engineering and characterization. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 17: 467-473.
138. Galperin, M. Y., and M. J. Jedrzejas, 2001 Conserved core structure and active site residues in alkaline phosphatase superfamily enzymes. Proteins 45: 318-324.
139. Gao, X. D., V. Kaigorodov, and Y. Jigami, 1999 YND1, a homologue of GDA1, encodes membrane-bound apyrase required for Golgi N- and O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 21450-21456.
140. Gao, X. D., A. Nishikawa, and N. Dean, 2004 Physical interactions between the Alg1, Alg2, and Alg11 mannosyltransferases of the endoplasmic reticulum. Glycobiology 14: 559-570.
141. Gao, X. D., H. Tachikawa, T. Sato, Y. Jigami, and N. Dean, 2005 Alg14 recruits Alg13 to the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum to form a novel bipartite UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase required for the second step of N-linked glycosylation. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 36254-36262.
142. Garcia-Rodriguez, L. J., J. A. Trilla, C. Castro, M. H. Valdivieso, A. Duran et al., 2000 Characterization of the chitin biosynthesis process as a compensatory mechanism in the fks1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 478: 84-88.
143. Gauss, R., E. Jarosch, T. Sommer, and C. Hirsch, 2006 A complex of Yos9p and the HRD ligase integrates endoplasmic reticulum quality control into the degradation machinery. Nat. Cell Biol. 8: 849-854.
144. Gauss, R., K. Kanehara, P. Carvalho, D. T. Ng, and M. Aebi, 2011 A complex of Pdi1p and the mannosidase Htm1p initiates clearance of unfolded glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol. Cell 42: 782-793.
145. Gaynor, E. C., G. Mondesert, S. J. Grimme, S. I. Reed, P. Orlean et al., 1999 MCD4 encodes a conserved endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein essential for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 10: 627-648.
146. Gentzsch, M., and W. Tanner, 1996 The PMT gene family: protein O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is vital. EMBO J. 15: 5752-5759.
147. Georgopapadakou, N. H., and J. S. Tkacz, 1995 The fungal cell wall as a drug target. Trends Microbiol. 3: 98-104.
148. Gerke, C., A. Kraft, R. Süssmuth, O. Schweitzer, and F. Götz, 1998 Characterization of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity involved in the biosynthesis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis polysaccharide intercellular adhesin. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 18586-18593.
149. Ghugtyal, V., C. Vionnet, C. Roubaty, and A. Conzelmann, 2007 CWH43 is required for the introduction of ceramides into GPI anchors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Microbiol. 65: 1493-1502.
150. Girrbach, V., and S. Strahl, 2003 Members of the evolutionarily conserved PMT family of protein O-mannosyltransferases form distinct protein complexes among themselves. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 12554-12562.
151. Girrbach, V., T. Zeller, M. Priesmeier, and S. Strahl-Bolsinger, 2000 Structure-function analysis of the dolichyl phosphatemannose: protein O-mannosyltransferase ScPmt1p. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 19288-19296.
152. Goldman, R. C., P. A. Sullivan, D. Zakula, and J. O. Capobianco, 1995 Kinetics of β-1,3 glucan interaction at the donor and acceptor sites of the fungal glucosyltransferase encoded by the BGL2 gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 227: 372-378.
153. Gómez-Esquer, F., J. M. Rodríguez-Peña, G. Díaz, E. Rodríguez, P. Briza et al., 2004 CRR1, a gene encoding a putative transglycosidase, is required for proper spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 150: 3269-3280.
154. Gonzalez, M., P. N. Lipke, and R. Ovalle, 2009 GPI proteins in biogenesis and structure of yeast cell walls, pp. 321-356 in The Enzymes, Vol. 24, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchoring of Proteins, edited by A. K. Menon, T. Kinoshita, P. Orlean, and F. Tamanoi. Academic Press/Elsevier, New York.
155. Gonzalez, M., P. W. J. De Groot, F. M. Klis, and P. N. Lipke, 2010a Glycoconjugate structure and function in fungal cell walls, pp. 169-183 in Microbial Glycobiology. Structures, Relevance and Applications, edited by A. P. Moran, O. Holst, P. J. Brennan, and M. von Itzstein. Academic Press/Elsevier, New York.
156. Gonzalez, M., N. Goddard, C. Hicks, R. Ovalle, J. M. Rauceo et al., 2010b A screen for deficiencies in GPI-anchorage of wall glycoproteins in yeast. Yeast 27: 583-596.
157. Goossens, K., and R. Willaert, 2010 Flocculation protein structure and cell-cell adhesion mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Lett. 32: 1571-1585.
158. Goossens, K. V., C. Stassen, I. Stals, D. S. Donohue, B. Devreese et al., 2011 The N-terminal domain of the Flo1 flocculation protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds specifically to mannose carbohydrates. Eukaryot. Cell 10: 110-117.
159. Grabinska, K., and G. Palamarczyk, 2002 Dolichol biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: an insight into the regulatory role of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. FEMS Yeast Res. 2: 259-265.
160. Grabinska, K. A., P. Magnelli, and P. W. Robbins, 2007 Prenylation of S. cerevisiae Chs4p affects chitin synthase III activity and chitin chain length. Eukaryot. Cell 6: 328-336.
161. Grimme, S. J., B. A. Westfall, J. M. Wiedman, C. H. Taron, and P. Orlean, 2001 The essential Smp3 protein is required for addition of the side-branching fourth mannose during assembly of yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositols. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 27731-27739.
162. Grimme, S. J., X.-D. Gao, P. S. Martin, K. Tu, S. E. Tcheperegine et al., 2004 Deficiencies in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane protein Gab1p perturb transfer of glycosylphosphatidylinositol to proteins and cause perinuclear ER-associated actin bar formation. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 2758-2770.
163. Guo, B., C. A. Styles, Q. Feng, and G. Fink, 2000 A Saccharomyces gene family involved in invasive growth, cell-cell adhesion, and mating. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 12158-12163.
164. Haass, F. A., M. Jonikas, P. Walter, J. S. Weissman, Y. N. Jan et al., 2007 Identification of yeast proteins necessary for cell-surface function of a potassium channel. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 18079-18084.
165. Hagen, I., M. Ecker, A. Lagorce, J. M. Francois, S. Sestak et al., 2004 Sed1p and Srl1p are required to compensate for cell wall instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in multiple GPI-anchored mannoproteins. Mol. Microbiol. 52: 1413-1425.
166. Hamada, K., S. Fukuchi, M. Arisawa, M. Baba, and K. Kitada, 1998a Screening for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-dependent cell wall proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 258: 53-59.
167. Hamada, K., H. Terashima, M. Arisawa, and K. Kitada, 1998b Amino acid sequence requirement for efficient incorporation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-associated proteins into the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 26946-26953.
168. Hamada, K., H. Terashima, M. Arisawa, N. Yabuki, and K. Kitada, 1999 Amino acid residues in the v-minus region participate in cellular localization of yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositol- attached proteins. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3886-3889.
169. Hamburger, D., M. Egerton, and H. Riezman, 1995 Yeast Gaa1p is required for attachment of a completed GPI anchor onto proteins. J. Cell Biol. 129: 629-639.
170. Hampsey, M., 1997 A review of phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13: 1099-1133.
171. Hartland, R. P., C. A. Vermeulen, F. M. Klis, J. H. Sietsma, and J. G. Wessels, 1994 The linkage of (1-3)-β-glucan to chitin during cell wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 10: 1591-1599.
172. Haselbeck, A., and W. Tanner, 1982 Dolichyl phosphate-mediated mannosyl transfer through liposomal membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 1520-1524.
173. Hashimoto, H., and K. Yoda, 1997 Novel membrane protein complexes for protein glycosylation in the yeast Golgi apparatus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 241: 682-686.
174. Hashimoto, H., A. Sakakibara, M. Yamasaki, and K. Yoda, 1997 Saccharomyces cerevisiae VIG9 encodes GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, which is essential for protein glycosylation. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 16308-16314.
175. Heinisch, J. J., V. Dupres, S. Wilk, A. Jendretzki, and Y. F. Dufrêne, 2010 Single-molecule atomic force microscopy reveals clustering of the yeast plasma-membrane sensor Wsc1. PLoS ONE 5: e11104.
176. Helenius, J., and M. Aebi, 2002 Transmembrane movement of dolichol linked carbohydrates during N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 13: 171-178.
177. Helenius, A., and M. Aebi, 2004 Roles of N-linked glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 73: 1019-1049.
178. Helenius, J., D. T. W. Ng, C. L. Marolda, P. Walter, M. A. Valvano et al., 2002 Translocation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides across the ER membrane requires Rft1 protein. Nature 415: 447-450.
179. Heller, L., P. Orlean, and W. L. Adair, 1992 Saccharomyces cerevisiae sec59 cells are deficient in dolichol kinase activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 7013-7016.
180. Henrissat, B., and G. J. Davies, 1997 Structural and sequencebased classification of glycoside hydrolases. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7: 637-644.
181. Herrero, A. B., P. Magnelli, M. K. Mansour, S. M. Levitz, H. Bussey et al., 2004 KRE5 gene null mutant strains of Candida albicans are avirulent and have altered cell wall composition and hypha formation properties. Eukaryot. Cell 3: 1423-1432.
182. Herscovics, A., 1999 Processing glycosidases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 275-285.
183. Hese, K., C. Otto, F. H. Routier, and L. Lehle, 2009 The yeast oligosaccharyltransferase complex can be replaced by STT3 from Leishmania major. Glycobiology 19: 160-171.
184. Hirayama, H., J. Seino, T. Kitajima, Y. Jigami, and T. Suzuki, 2010 Free oligosaccharides to monitor glycoprotein endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 285: 12390-12404.
185. Hofmann, M., E. Boles, and F. K. Zimmermann, 1994 Characterization of the essential yeast gene encoding N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 221: 741-747.
186. Hong, Y., Y. Maeda, R. Watanabe, N. Inoue, K. Ohishi et al., 2000 Requirement of PIG-F and PIG-O for transferring phosphoethanolamine to the third mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 20911-20919.
187. Hong, Y., K. Ohishi, J. Y. Kang, S. Tanaka, N. Inoue et al., 2003 Human PIG-U and yeast Cdc91p are the fifth subunit of GPI transamidase that attaches GPI-anchors to proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 14: 1780-1789.
188. Huang, L. S., H. K. Doherty, and I. Herskowitz, 2005 The Smk1p MAP kinase negatively regulates Gsc2p, a 1,3-β-glucan synthase, during spore wall morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 12431-12436.
189. Hutchins, K., and H. Bussey, 1983 Cell wall receptor for yeast killer toxin: involvement of (1/6)- β-D-glucan. J. Bacteriol. 154: 161-169.
190. Hutzler, J., M. Schmid, T. Bernard, B. Henrissat, and S. Strahl, 2007 Membrane association is a determinant for substrate recognition by PMT4 protein O-mannosyltransferases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 7827-7832.
191. Imai, T., T. Watanabe, T. Yui, and J. Sugiyama, 2003 The directionality of chitin biosynthesis: a revisit. Biochem. J. 374: 755-760.
192. Imhof, I., E. Canivenc-Gansel, U. Meyer, and A. Conzelmann, 2000 Phosphatidylethanolamine is the donor of the phosphorylethanolamine linked to the a1,4-linked mannose of yeast GPI structures. Glycobiology 10: 1271-1275.
193. Inoue, S. B., N. Takewaki, T. Takasuka, T. Mio, M. Adachi et al., 1995 Characterization and gene cloning of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 231: 845-854.
194. Inoue, S. B., H. Qadota, M. Arisawa, T. Watanabe, and Y. Ohya, 1999 Prenylation of Rho1p is required for activation of yeast 1,3-β-glucan synthase. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 38119-38124.
195. Insenser, M. R., M. L. Hernáez, C. Nombela, M. Molina, G. Molero et al., 2010 Gel and gel-free proteomics to identify Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface proteins. J. Proteomics 73: 1183-1195.
196. Ishihara, S., A. Hirata, S. Nogami, A. Beauvais, J. P. Latge et al., 2007 Homologous subunits of 1,3- β-glucan synthase are important for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 6: 143-156.
197. Itoh, Y., J. D. Rice, C. Goller, A. Pannuri, J. Taylor et al., 2008 Roles of pgaABCD genes in synthesis, modification, and export of the Escherichia coli biofilm adhesin poly- β -1,6-N-acetyl- D-glucosamine. J. Bacteriol. 190: 3670-3680.
198. Jakob, C. A., P. Burda, J. Roth, and M. Aebi, 1998 Degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum glycoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is determined by a specific oligosaccharide structure. J. Cell Biol. 142: 1223-1233.
199. Janik, A., M. Sosnowska, J. Kruszewska, H. Krotkiewski, L. Lehle et al., 2003 Overexpression of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae corrects defects in dolichollinked saccharide formation and protein glycosylation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1621: 22-30.
200. Jiang, B., A. F. Ram, J. Sheraton, F. M. Klis, and H. Bussey, 1995 Regulation of cell wall β-glucan assembly: PTC1 negatively affects PBS2 action in a pathway that includes modulation of EXG1 transcription. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248: 260-269.
201. Jiang, B., J. Sheraton, A. F. Ram, G. J. P. Dijkgraaf, F. M. Klis et al., 1996 CWH41 encodes a novel endoplasmic reticulum membrane N-glycoprotein involved in β1,6-glucan assembly. J. Bacteriol. 178: 1162-1171.
202. Jigami, Y., 2008 Yeast glycobiology and its application. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72: 637-648.
203. Jigami, Y., and T. Odani, 1999 Mannosylphosphate transfer to yeast mannan. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 335-345.
204. Jimenez, C., C. Sacristan, M. I. Roncero, and C. Roncero, 2010 Amino acid divergence between the CHS domain contributes to the different intracellular behaviour of family II fungal chitin synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fungal Genet. Biol. 47: 1034-1043.
205. Jue, C. K., and P. N. Lipke, 2002 Role of Fig2p in agglutination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 1: 843-845.
206. Jung, P., and W. Tanner, 1973 Identification of the lipid intermediate in yeast mannan biosynthesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 37: 1-6.
207. Jung, U. S., and D. E. Levin, 1999 Genome-wide analysis of gene expression regulated by the yeast cell wall integrity signaling pathway. Mol. Microbiol. 34: 1049-1057.
208. Jungmann, J., and S. Munro, 1998 Multi-protein complexes in the cis Golgi of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with α-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity. EMBO J. 17: 423-434.
209. Jungmann, J., J. C. Rayner, and S. Munro, 1999 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Mnn10p/Bed1p is a subunit of a Golgi mannosyltransferase complex. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 6579-6585.
210. Kainuma, M., Y. Chiba, M. Takeuchi, and Y. Jigami, 2001 Overexpression of HUT1 gene stimulates in vivo galactosylation by enhancing UDP-galactose transport activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 18: 533-541.
211. Kajiwara, K., R. Watanabe, H. Pichler, K. Ihara, S. Murakami et al., 2008 Yeast ARV1 is required for efficient delivery of an early GPI intermediate to the first mannosyltransferase during GPI assembly and controls lipid flow from the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol. Biol. Cell 19: 2069-2082.
212. Kalebina, T. S., V. Farkas, D. K. Laurinavichiute, P. M. Gorlovoy, G.V. Fominov et al., 2003 Deletion of BGL2 results in an increased chitin level in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 84: 179-184.
213. Kämpf, M., B. Absmanner, M. Schwarz, and L. Lehle, 2009 Biochemical characterization and membrane topology of Alg2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a bifunctional a1,3- and 1,6-mannosyltransferase involved in lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 11900-11912.
214. Kamst, E., J. Bakkers, N. E. M. Quaedvlieg, J. Pilling, J. W. Kijne et al., 1999 Chitin oligosaccharide synthesis by Rhizobia and Zebrafish embryos starts by glycosyl transfer to O4 of the reducing- terminal residue. Biochemistry 38: 4045-4052.
215. Kang, J. Y., Y. Hong, H. Ashida, N. Shishioh, Y. Murakami et al., 2005 PIG-V involved in transferring the second mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 9489-9497.
216. Kang, M. S., and E. Cabib, 1986 Regulation of fungal cell wall growth: a guanine nucleotide-binding, proteinaceous component required for activity of (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 5808-5812.
217. Kang, M. S., N. Elango, E. Mattia, J. Au-Young, P. W. Robbins et al., 1984 Isolation of chitin synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of an enzyme by entrapment in the reaction product. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 14966-14972.
218. Kapteyn, J. C., R. C. Montijn, E. Vink, J. de la Cruz, A. Llobell et al., 1996 Retention of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall proteins through a phosphodiester-linked β-1,3-/β-1,6-glucan heteropolymer. Glycobiology 6: 337-345.
219. Kapteyn, J. C., A. F. Ram, E. M. Groos, R. Kollar, R. C. Montijn et al., 1997 Altered extent of cross-linking of β1,6-glucosylated mannoproteins to chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with reduced cell wall β1,3-glucan content. J. Bacteriol. 179: 6279-6284.
220. Kapteyn, J. C., H. Van Den Ende, and F. M. Klis, 1999a The contribution of cell wall proteins to the organization of the yeast cell wall. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 373-383.
221. Kapteyn, J. C., P. Van Egmond, E. Sievi, H. Van Den Ende, M. Makarow et al., 1999b The contribution of the O-glycosylated protein Pir2p/Hsp150 to the construction of the yeast cell wall in wild-type cells and β1,6-glucan-deficient mutants. Mol. Microbiol. 31: 1835-1844.
222. Kapteyn, J. C., B. ter Riet, E. Vink, S. Blad, H. De Nobel et al., 2001 Low external pH induces HOG1-dependent changes in the organization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Mol. Microbiol. 39: 469-479.
223. Karaoglu, D., D. J. Kelleher, and R. Gilmore, 1997 The highly conserved Stt3 protein is a subunit of the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase and forms a subcomplex with Ost3p and Ost4p. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 32513-32520.
224. Karaoglu, D., D. J. Kelleher, and R. Gilmore, 2001 Allosteric regulation provides a molecular mechanism for preferential utilization of the fully assembled dolichol-linked oligosaccharide by the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase. Biochemistry 40: 12193-12206.
225. Kelleher, D. J., and R. Gilmore, 2006 An evolving view of the eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase. Glycobiology 16: 47R-62R.
226. Kelleher, D. J., S. Banerjee, A. J. Cura, J. Samuelson, and R. Gilmore, 2007 Dolichol-linked oligosaccharide selection by the oligosaccharyltransferase in protist and fungal organisms. J. Cell Biol. 177: 29-37.
227. Kim, H., H. Park, L. Montalvo, and W. J. Lennarz, 2000 Studies on the role of the hydrophobic domain of Ost4p in interactions with other subunits of yeast oligosaccharyl transferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 1516-1520.
228. Kim, H., Q. Yan, G. Von Heijne, G. A. Caputo, and W. J. Lennarz, 2003 Determination of the membrane topology of Ost4p and its subunit interactions in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 7460-7464.
229. Kim, W., E. D. Spear, and D. T. Ng, 2005 Yos9p detects and targets misfolded glycoproteins for ER-associated degradation. Mol. Cell 19: 753-764.
230. Kim, Y. U., H. Ashida, K. Mori, Y. Maeda, Y. Hong et al., 2007 Both mammalian PIG-M and PIG-X are required for growth of GPI14-disrupted yeast. J. Biochem. 142: 123-129.
231. Kitagaki, H., H. Wu, H. Shimoi, and K. Ito, 2002 Two homologous genes, DCW1 (YKL046c) and DFG5, are essential for cell growth and encode glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins required for cell wall biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Microbiol. 46: 1011-1022.
232. Kitamura, A., K. Someya, M. Hata, R. Nakajima, and M. Takemura, 2009 Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of β-1,6-glucan synthesis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 670-677.
233. Klebl, F., and W. Tanner, 1989 Molecular cloning of a cell wall exo-β-1,3-glucanase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 171: 6259-6264.
234. Klis, F. M., P. Mol, K. Hellingwerf, and S. Brul, 2002 Dynamics of cell wall structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26: 239-256.
235. Klis, F. M., A. Boorsma, and P. W. De Groot, 2006 Cell wall construction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 23: 185-202.
236. Klis, F. M., M. de Jong, S. Brul, and P. W. de Groot, 2007 Extraction of cell surface-associated proteins from living yeast cells. Yeast 24: 253-258.
237. Klis, F. M., S. Brul, and P. W. De Groot, 2010 Covalently linked wall proteins in ascomycetous fungi. Yeast 27: 489-493.
238. Knauer, R., and L. Lehle, 1999a The oligosaccharyltransferase complex from yeast. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 259-273.
239. Knauer, R., and L. Lehle, 1999b The oligosaccharyltransferase complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation of the OST6 gene, its synthetic interaction with OST3, and analysis of the native complex. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 17249-17256.
240. Kollár, R., E. Petráková, G. Ashwell, P. W. Robbins, and E. Cabib, 1995 Architecture of the yeast cell wall. The linkage between chitin and beta(1→3)-glucan. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 1170-1178.
241. Kollár, R., B. B. Reinhold, E. Petráková, H. J. Yeh, G. Ashwell et al., 1997 Architecture of the yeast cell wall. β(1→6)-glucan interconnects mannoprotein, β(1→3)-glucan, and chitin. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 17762-17775.
242. Komano, H., N. C. Rockwell, G. T. Wang, G. A. Krafft, and R. S. Fuller, 1999 Purification and characterization of the yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, mono-basic specific aspartyl protease yapsin 2 (Mkc7). J. Biol. Chem. 274: 24431-24437.
243. Kopecká, M., H. J. Phaff, and G. H. Fleet, 1974 Demonstration of a fibrillar component in the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its chemical nature. J. Cell Biol. 62: 66-76.
244. Kostova, Z., D. M. Rancour, A. K. Menon, and P. Orlean, 2000 Photoaffinity labelling with P3-(4-azidoanilido)uridine 59-triphosphate identifies Gpi3p as the UDP-GlcNAc-binding subunit of the enzyme that catalyses formation of GlcNAc-phosphatidylinositol, the first glycolipid intermediate in glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. Biochem. J. 350: 815-822.
245. Kovacech, B., K. Nasmyth, and T. Schuster, 1996 EGT2 gene transcription is induced predominantly by Swi5 in early G1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 3264-3274.
246. Kowalski, L. R., K. Kondo, and M. Inouye, 1995 Cold-shock induction of a family of TIP1-related proteins associated with the membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Microbiol. 15: 341-353.
247. Kozubowski, L., H. Panek, A. Rosenthal, A. Bloecher, D. J. DeMarini et al., 2003 A Bni4-Glc7 phosphatase complex that recruits chitin synthase to the site of bud emergence. Mol. Biol. Cell 14: 26-39.
248. Kreger, D. R., and M. Kopecká, 1976 On the nature and formation of the fibrillar nets produced by protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid media: an electronmicroscopic, x-ray diffraction and chemical study. J. Gen. Microbiol. 92: 207-220.
249. Krysan, D. J., E. L. Ting, C. Abeijon, L. Kroos, and R. S. Fuller, 2005 Yapsins are a family of aspartyl proteases required for cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 4: 1364-1374.
250. Kulkarni, R. D., H. S. Kelkar, and R. A. Dean, 2003 An eightcysteine-containing CFEM domain unique to a group of fungal membrane proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 28: 118-121.
251. Kuranda, M. J., and P. W. Robbins, 1991 Chitinase is required for cell separation during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 19758-19767.
252. Kurischko, C., G. Weiss, M. Ottey, and F. C. Luca, 2005 A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulation of Ace2 and polarized morphogenesis signaling network in cell integrity. Genetics 171: 443-455.
253. Kurita, T., Y. Noda, T. Takagi, M. Osumi, and K. Yoda, 2011 Kre6 protein essential for yeast cell wall β-1,6-glucan synthesis accumulates at sites of polarized growth. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 7429-7438.
254. Lagorce, A., V. Le Berre-Anton, B. Aguilar-Uscanga, H. Martin-Yken, A. Dagkessamanskaia et al., 2002 Involvement of GFA1, which encodes glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase, in the activation of the chitin synthesis pathway in response to cell-wall defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 1697-1707.
255. Lagorce, A., N. C. Hauser, D. Labourdette, C. Rodriguez, H. Martin-Yken et al., 2003 Genome-wide analysis of the response to cell wall mutations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 20345-20357.
256. Lam, K. K., M. Davey, B. Sun, A. F. Roth, N. G. Davis et al., 2006 Palmitoylation by the DHHC protein Pfa4 regulates the ER exit of Chs3. J. Cell Biol. 174: 19-25.
257. Lambrechts, M. G., F. F. Bauer, J. Marmur, and I. S. Pretorius, 1996 Muc1, a mucin-like protein that is regulated by Mss10, is critical for pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 8419-8424.
258. Larkin, A., and B. Imperiali, 2011 The expanding horizons of asparagine- linked glycosylation. Biochemistry 50: 4411-4426.
259. Larriba, G., E. Andaluz, R. Cueva, and R. D. Basco, 1995 Molecular biology of yeast exoglucanases. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 125: 121-126.
260. Latgé, J.-P., 2007 The cell wall: a carbohydrate armour for the fungal cell. Mol. Microbiol. 66: 279-290.
261. Lehle, L., S. Strahl, and W. Tanner, 2006 Protein glycosylation, conserved from yeast to man: a model organism helps elucidate congenital human diseases. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 45: 6802-6818.
262. Leidich, S. D., and P. Orlean, 1996 Gpi1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that participates in the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27829-27837.
263. Leidich, S. D., Z. Kostova, R. R. Latek, L. C. Costello, D. A. Drapp et al., 1995 Temperature-sensitive yeast GPI anchoring mutants gpi2 and gpi3 are defective in the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol. Cloning of the GPI2 gene. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 13029-13035.
264. Lennarz, W. J., 2007 Studies on oligosaccharyl transferase in yeast. Acta Biochim. Pol. 54: 673-677.
265. Lesage, G., and H. Bussey, 2006 Cell wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 70: 317-343.
266. Lesage, G., A. M. Sdicu, P. Menard, J. Shapiro, S. Hussein et al., 2004 Analysis of β-1,3 glucan assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a synthetic interaction network and altered sensitivity to caspofungin. Genetics 167: 35-49.
267. Lesage, G., J. Shapiro, C. A. Specht, A. M. Sdicu, P. Menard et al., 2005 An interactional network of genes involved in chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genet. 6: 8.
268. Levin, D. E., 2011 Regulation of cell wall biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the cell wall integrity signaling pathway. Genetics 189: 1145-1175.
269. Levinson, J. N., S. Shahinian, A. M. Sdicu, D. C. Tessier, and H. Bussey, 2002 Functional, comparative and cell biological analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kre5p. Yeast 19: 1243-1259.
270. Lewis, M. S., and C. E. Ballou, 1991 Separation and characterization of two α1,2-mannosyltransferase activities from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 8255-8261.
271. Li, G., Q. Yan, H. O. Oen, and W. J. Lennarz, 2003 A specific segment of the transmembrane domain of Wbp1p is essential for its incorporation into the oligosaccharyl transferase complex. Biochemistry 42: 11032-11039.
272. Li, H., N. Pagé, and H. Bussey, 2002 Actin patch assembly proteins Las17p and Sla1p restrict cell wall growth to daughter cells and interact with cis-Golgi protein Kre6p. Yeast 19: 1097-1112.
273. Lo, W. S., and A. M. Dranginis, 1996 FLO11, a yeast gene related to the STA genes, encodes a novel cell surface flocculin. J. Bacteriol. 178: 7144-7151.
274. Lo, W. S., and A. M. Dranginis, 1998 The cell surface flocculin Flo11 is required for pseudohyphae formation and invasion by S. cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 161-171.
275. Lommel, M., and S. Strahl, 2009 Protein O-mannosylation: conserved from bacteria to humans. Glycobiology 19: 816-828.
276. Lommel, M., M. Bagnat, and S. Strahl, 2004 Aberrant processing of the WSC family and Mid2p cell surface sensors results in cell death of Saccharomyces cerevisiae O-mannosylation mutants. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 46-57.
277. Lommel, M., A. Schott, T. Jank, V. Hofmann, and S. Strahl, 2011 A conserved acidic motif is crucial for enzymatic activity of protein O-mannosyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 39768-39775.
278. Lu, C. F., R. C. Montijn, J. L. Brown, F. Klis, J. Kurjan et al., 1995 Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-dependent cross-linking of α-agglutinin and β1,6-glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. J. Cell Biol. 128: 333-340.
279. Lussier, M., A. M. Sdicu, A. Camirand, and H. Bussey, 1996 Functional characterization of the YUR1, KTR1, and KTR2 genes as members of the yeast KRE2/MNT1 mannosyltransferase gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 11001-11008.
280. Lussier, M., A. M. Sdicu, F. Bussereau, M. Jacquet, and H. Bussey, 1997a The Ktr1p, Ktr3p, and Kre2p/Mnt1p mannosyltransferases participate in the elaboration of yeast O- and N-linked carbohydrate chains. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 15527-15531.
281. Lussier, M., A. M. White, J. Sheraton, T. di Paolo, J. Treadwell et al., 1997b Large scale identification of genes involved in cell surface biosynthesis and architecture in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 147: 435-450.
282. Lussier, M., A. M. Sdicu, and H. Bussey, 1999 The KTR and MNN1 mannosyltransferase families of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 323-334.
283. Machi, K., M. Azuma, K. Igarashi, T. Matsumoto, H. Fukuda et al., 2004 Rot1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a putative membrane protein required for normal levels of the cell wall 1,6-β-glucan. Microbiology 150: 3163-3173.
284. Maeda, Y., R. Watanabe, C. L. Harris, Y. Hong, K. Ohishi et al., 2001 PIG-M transfers the first mannose to glycosylphosphatidylinositol on the lumenal side of the ER. EMBO J. 20: 250-261.
285. Magnelli, P., J. F. Cipollo, and C. Abeijon, 2002 A refined method for the determination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall composition and β-1,6-glucan fine structure. Anal. Biochem. 301: 136-150.
286. Manners, D. J., A. J. Masson, J. A. Patterson, H. Bjorndal, and B. Lindberg, 1973 The structure of a β-1,6-glucan from yeast cell walls. Biochem. J. 135: 31-36.
287. Martínez-Rucobo, F. W., L. Eckhardt-Strelau, and A. C. Terwisscha van Scheltinga, 2009 Yeast chitin synthase 2 activity is modulated by proteolysis and phosphorylation. Biochem. J. 417: 547-554.
288. Martin-Yken, H., A. Dagkessamanskaia, P. De Groot, A. Ram, F. Klis et al., 2001 Saccharomyces cerevisiae YCRO17c/CWH43 encodes a putative sensor/transporter protein upstream of the BCK2 branch of the PKC1-dependent cell wall integrity pathway. Yeast 18: 827-840.
289. Mazan, M., K. Mazánová, and V. Farkas, 2008 Phenotype analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with deletions in Pir cell wall glycoproteins. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 94: 335-342.
290. Mazan, M., E. Ragni, L. Popolo, and V. Farkas, 2011 Catalytic properties of the Gas family β1,3-glucanosyltransferases active in fungal cell wall biogenesis as determined by a novel fluorescent assay. Biochem. J. 438: 275-282.
291. Mazur, P., and W. Baginsky, 1996 In vitro activity of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase requires the GTP-binding protein Rho1. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 14604-14609.
292. Mazur, P., N. Morin, W. Baginsky, M. el Sherbeini, J. A. Clemas et al., 1995 Differential expression and function of two homologous subunits of yeast 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 5671-5681.
293. McMurray, M. A., C. J. Stefan, M. Wemmer, G. Odorizzi, S. D. Emr et al., 2011 Genetic interactions with mutations affecting septin assembly reveal ESCRT functions in budding yeast cytokinesis. Biol. Chem. 392: 699-712.
294. Meaden, P., K. Hill, J. Wagner, D. Slipetz, S. S. Sommer et al., 1990 The yeast KRE5 gene encodes a probable endoplasmic reticulum protein required for (1-6)-β-D-glucan synthesis and normal cell growth. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 3013-3019.
295. Meissner, D., J. Odman-Naresh, I. Vogelpohl, and H. Merzendorfer, 2010 A novel role of the yeast CaaX protease Ste24 in chitin synthesis. Mol. Biol. Cell 21: 2425-2433.
296. Meitinger, F., B. Petrova, I. M. Lombardi, D. T. Bertazzi, B. Hub et al., 2010 Targeted localization of Inn1, Cyk3 and Chs2 by the mitotic-exit network regulates cytokinesis in budding yeast. J. Cell Sci. 123: 1851-1861.
297. Menon, A. K., and V. L. Stevens, 1992 Phosphatidylethanolamine is the donor of the ethanolamine residue linking a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor to protein. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 15277-15280.
298. Merzendorfer, H., 2011 The cellular basis of chitin synthesis in fungi and insects: common principles and differences. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 90: 759-769.
299. Meyer, U., M. Benghezal, I. Imhof, and A. Conzelmann, 2000 Active site determination of Gpi8p, a caspase-related enzyme required for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor addition to proteins. Biochemistry 39: 3461-3471.
300. Milewski, S., I. Gabriel, and J. Olchowy, 2006 Enzymes of UDPGlcNAc biosynthesis in yeast. Yeast 23: 1-14.
301. Miller, K. A., L. DiDone, and D. J. Krysan, 2010 Extracellular secretion of overexpressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell wall protein Utr2/Crh2p as a novel protein quality control mechanism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 11: 1669-1679.
302. Mio, T., T. Yabe, M. Arisawa, and H. Yamada-Okabe, 1998 The eukaryotic UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylases. Gene cloning, protein expression, and catalytic mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 14392-14397.
303. Mio, T., T. Yamada-Okabe, M. Arisawa, and H. Yamada-Okabe, 1999 Saccharomyces cerevisiae GNA1, an essential gene encoding a novel acetyltransferase involved in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 424-429.
304. Mishra, C., C. E. Semino, K. J. McCreath, H. de la Vega, B. J. Jones et al., 1997 Cloning and expression of two chitin deacetylase genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13: 327-336.
305. Monteiro, M. A., D. Slavic, F. J. St. Michael, R. Brisson, J. I. MacInnes et al., 2000 The first description of a (1→6)-β-D-glucan in prokaryotes: (1→6)-β-D-glucan is a common component of Actinobacillus suis and is the basis for a serotyping system. Carbohydr. Res. 329: 121-130.
306. Montijn, R. C., E. Vink, W. H. Müller, A. J. Verkleij, H. Van Den Ende et al., 1999 Localization of synthesis of β1,6-glucan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 181: 7414-7420.
307. Montoro, A. G., S. C. Ramirez, R. Quiroga, and J. V. Taubas, 2011 Specificity of transmembrane protein palmitoylation in yeast. PLoS ONE 6: e16969.
308. Mosch, H. U., and G. R. Fink, 1997 Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145: 671-684.
309. Mouassite, M., N. Camougrand, E. Schwob, G. Demaison, M. Laclau et al., 2000 The 'SUN' family: yeast SUN4/SCW3 is involved in cell septation. Yeast 16: 905-919.
310. Moukadiri, I., and J. Zueco, 2001 Evidence for the attachment of Hsp150/Pir2 to the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through disulfide bridges. FEMS Yeast Res. 1: 241-245.
311. Moukadiri, I., J. Armero, A. Abad, R. Sentandreu, and J. Zueco, 1997 Identification of a mannoprotein present in the inner layer of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 179: 2154-2162.
312. Moukadiri, I., L. Jaafar, and J. Zueco, 1999 Identification of two mannoproteins released from cell walls of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn1 mnn9 double mutant by reducing agents. J. Bacteriol. 181: 4741-4745.
313. Mouyna, I., T. Fontaine, M. Vai, M. Monod, W. A. Fonzi et al., 2000 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glucanosyltransferases play an active role in the biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 14882-14889.
314. Mrša, V., and W. Tanner, 1999 Role of NaOH-extractable cell wall proteins Ccw5p, Ccw6p, Ccw7p and Ccw8p (members of the Pir protein family) in stability of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Yeast 15: 813-820.
315. Mrša, V., F. Klebl, and W. Tanner, 1993 Purification and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BGL2 gene product, a cell wall endo-β-1,3-glucanase. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2102-2106.
316. Mrša, V., T. Seidl, M. Gentzsch, and W. Tanner, 1997 Specific labelling of cell wall proteins by biotinylation. Identification of four covalently linked O-mannosylated proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 13: 1145-1154.
317. Mrša, V., M. Ecker, S. Strahl-Bolsinger, M. Nimtz, L. Lehle et al., 1999 Deletion of new covalently linked cell wall glycoproteins alters the electrophoretic mobility of phosphorylated wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3076-3086.
318. Murakami, Y., U. Siripanyaphinyo, Y. Hong, Y. Tashima, Y. Maeda et al., 2005 The initial enzyme for glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis requires PIG-Y, a seventh component. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 5236-5246.
319. Nagahashi, S., M. Sudoh, N. Ono, R. Sawada, E. Yamaguchi et al., 1995 Characterization of chitin synthase 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Implication of two highly conserved domains as possible catalytic sites. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 13961-13967.
320. Nakamata, K., T. Kurita, M. S. Bhuiyan, K. Sato, Y. Noda et al., 2007 KEG1/YFR042w encodes a novel Kre6-binding endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein responsible for β-1,6-glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 34315-34324.
321. Nakayama, K., Y. Nakanishi-Shindo, A. Tanaka, Y. Haga-Toda, and Y. Jigami, 1997 Substrate specificity of a-1,6-mannosyltransferase that initiates N-linked mannose outer chain elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 412: 547-550.
322. Nakayama, K., Y. Feng, A. Tanaka, and Y. Jigami, 1998 The involvement of mnn4 and mnn6 mutations in mannosylphosphorylation of O-linked oligosaccharide in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1425: 255-262.
323. Nasab, F. P., B. L. Schulz, F. Gamarro, A. J. Parodi, and M. Aebi, 2008 All in one: Leishmania major STT3 proteins substitute for the whole oligosaccharyltransferase complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 19: 3758-3768.
324. Neiman, A. M., 2011 Sporulation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 189: 737-765.
325. Newman, H. A., M. J. Romeo, S. E. Lewis, B. C. Yan, P. Orlean et al., 2005 Gpi19, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of mammalian PIG-P, is a subunit of the initial enzyme for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis. Eukaryot. Cell 4: 1801-1807.
326. Nilsson, I., D. J. Kelleher, Y. Miao, Y. Shao, G. Kreibich et al., 2003 Photocross-linking of nascent chains to the STT3 subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex. J. Cell Biol. 161: 715-725.
327. Nishihama, R., J. H. Schreiter, M. Onishi, E. A. Vallen, J. Hanna et al., 2009 Role of Inn1 and its interactions with Hof1 and Cyk3 in promoting cleavage furrow and septum formation in S. cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 185: 995-1012.
328. Noffz, C., S. Keppler-Ross, and N. Dean, 2009 Hetero-oligomeric interactions between early glycosyltransferases of the dolichol cycle. Glycobiology 19: 472-478.
329. Nombela, C., C. Gil, and W. L. Chaffin, 2006 Non-conventional protein secretion in yeast. Trends Microbiol. 14: 15-21.
330. Nuoffer, C., P. Jeno, A. Conzelmann, and H. Riezman, 1991 Determinants for glycophospholipid anchoring of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAS1 protein to the plasma membrane. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 27-37.
331. Nuoffer, C., A. Horvath, and H. Riezman, 1993 Analysis of the sequence requirements for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gas1 protein. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 10558-10563.
332. Odani, T., Y. Shimma, A. Tanaka, and Y. Jigami, 1996 Cloning and analysis of the MNN4 gene required for phosphorylation of N-linked oligosaccharides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glycobiology 6: 805-810.
333. Odani, T., Y. Shimma, X. H. Wang, and Y. Jigami, 1997 Mannosylphosphate transfer to cell wall mannan is regulated by the transcriptional level of the MNN4 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 420: 186-190.
334. Oh, Y., K.-J. Chang, P. Orlean, C. Wloka, R. Deshaies et al., 2012 Mitotic exit kinase Dbf2 directly phosphorylates chitin synthase Chs2 to regulate cytokinesis in budding yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 23: 2445-2456.
335. Ohishi, K., N. Inoue, Y. Maeda, J. Takeda, H. Riezman et al., 2000 Gaa1p and Gpi8p are components of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase that mediates attachment of GPI to proteins. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 1523-1533.
336. Ohishi, K., N. Inoue, and T. Kinoshita, 2001 PIG-S and PIG-T, essential for GPI anchor attachment to proteins, form a complex with GAA1 and GPI8. EMBO J. 20: 4088-4098.
337. Okada, H., M. Abe, M. Asakawa-Minemura, A. Hirata, H. Qadota et al., 2010 Multiple functional domains of the yeast 1,3-β-glucan synthase subunit Fks1p revealed by quantitative phenotypic analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants. Genetics 184: 1013-1024.
338. Olsen, V., K. Guruprasad, N. X. Cawley, H.-C. Chen, T. L. Blundell et al., 1998 Cleavage efficiency of the novel aspartic protease yapsin 1 (Yap3p) enhanced for substrates with arginine residues flanking the P1 site: correlation with electronegative active-site pockets predicted by molecular modeling. Biochemistry 37: 2768-2777.
339. Ono, N., T. Yabe, M. Sudoh, T. Nakajima, T. Yamada-Okabe et al., 2000 The yeast Chs4 protein stimulates the trypsin-sensitive activity of chitin synthase 3 through an apparent protein-protein interaction. Microbiology 146: 385-391.
340. Orchard, M. G., J. C. Neuss, C. M. Galley, A. Carr, D. W. Porter et al., 2004 Rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivatives as inhibitors of fungal protein mannosyl transferase 1 (PMT1). Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 14: 3975-3978.
341. O'Reilly, M. K., G. Zhang, and B. Imperiali, 2006 In vitro evidence for the dual function of Alg2 and Alg11: essential mannosyltransferases in N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis. Biochemistry 45: 9593-9603.
342. Oriol, R., I. Martinez-Duncker, I. Chantret, R. Mollicone, and P. Codogno, 2002 Common origin and evolution of glycosyltransferases using Dol-P-monosaccharides as donor substrate. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19: 1451-1463.
343. Orlean, P., 1987 Two chitin synthases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5732-5739.
344. Orlean, P., 1990 Dolichol phosphate mannose synthase is required in vivo for glycosyl phosphatidyl-inositol membrane anchoring, O mannosylation, and N glycosylation of protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10: 5796-5805.
345. Orlean, P., 1997 Biogenesis of yeast wall and surface components, pp. 229-362 in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces. Cell Cycle and Cell Biology, Vol. 3, edited by J. R. Pringle, J. R. Broach, and E. W. Jones. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
346. Orlean, P., 2009 Phosphoethanolamine addition to glycosylphosphatidylinositols, pp. 117-132 in The Enzymes, Vol. 24, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchoring of Proteins, edited by A. K. Menon, T. Kinoshita, P. Orlean, and F. Tamanoi, Academic Press/Elsevier, New York.
347. Orlean, P., and A. K. Menon, 2007 GPI anchoring of protein in yeast and mammalian cells or: how we learned to stop worrying and love glycophospholipids. J. Lipid Res. 48: 993-1011.
348. Orlean, P., E. Arnold, and W. Tanner, 1985 Apparent inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis by S. cerevisiae mating pheromones. FEBS Lett. 184: 313-317.
349. Orlean, P., H. Ammer, M. Watzele, and W. Tanner, 1986 Synthesis of an O-glycosylated cell surface protein induced in yeast by a-factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 6263-6266.
350. Orlean, P., C. Albright, and P. W. Robbins, 1988 Cloning and sequencing of the yeast gene for dolichol phosphate mannose synthase, an essential protein. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 17499-17507.
351. Orlowski, J., K. Machula, A. Janik, E. Zdebska, and G. Palamarczyk, 2007 Dissecting the role of dolichol in cell wall assembly in the yeast mutants impaired in early glycosylation reactions. Yeast 24: 239-252.
352. Osmond, B. C., C. A. Specht, and P. W. Robbins, 1999 Chitin synthase III: synthetic lethal mutants and "stress related" chitin synthesis that bypasses the CSD3/CHS6 localization pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 11206-11210.
353. Osumi, M., 1998 The ultrastructure of yeast: cell wall structure and formation. Micron 29: 207-233.
354. Pagé, N., M. Gerard-Vincent, P. Menard, M. Beaulieu, M. Azuma et al., 2003 A Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome-wide mutant screen for altered sensitivity to K1 killer toxin. Genetics 163: 875-894.
355. Pammer, M., P. Briza, A. Ellinger, T. Schuster, R. Stucka et al., 1992 DIT101 (CSD2, CAL1), a cell cycle-regulated yeast gene required for synthesis of chitin in cell walls and chitosan in spore walls. Yeast 8: 1089-1099.
356. Pardo, M., L. Monteoliva, P. Vázquez, R. Martínez, G. Molero et al., 2004 PST1 and ECM33 encode two yeast cell surface GPI proteins important for cell wall integrity. Microbiology 150: 4157-4170.
357. Park, H., and W. J. Lennarz, 2000 Evidence for interaction of yeast protein kinase C with several subunits of oligosaccharyl transferase. Glycobiology 10: 737-744.
358. Parodi, A. J., 1999 Reglucosylation of glycoproteins and quality control of glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 287-295.
359. Pathak, R., T. L. Hendrickson, and B. Imperiali, 1995 Sulfhydryl modification of the yeast Wbp1p inhibits oligosaccharyl transferase activity. Biochemistry 34: 4179-4185.
360. Pitarch, A., C. Nombela, and C. Gil, 2008 Cell wall fractionation for yeast and fungal proteomics. Methods Mol. Biol. 425: 217-239.
361. Pittet, M., and A. Conzelmann, 2007 Biosynthesis and function of GPI proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1771: 405-420.
362. Popolo, L., and M. Vai, 1999 The Gas1 glycoprotein, a putative wall polymer cross-linker. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 385-400.
363. Popolo, L., D. Gilardelli, P. Bonfante, and M. Vai, 1997 Increase in chitin as an essential response to defects in assembly of cell wall polymers in the ggp1D mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 179: 463-469.
364. Protchenko, O., T. Ferea, J. Rashford, J. Tiedeman, P. O. Brown et al., 2001 Three cell wall mannoproteins facilitate the uptake of iron in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 49244-49250.
365. Qadota, H., C. P. Python, S. B. Inoue, M. Arisawa, Y. Anraku et al., 1996 Identification of yeast Rho1p GTPase as a regulatory subunit of 1,3-β-glucan synthase. Science 272: 279-281.
366. Quinn, R. P., S. J. Mahoney, B. M. Wilkinson, D. J. Thornton, and C. J. Stirling, 2009 A novel role for Gtb1p in glucose trimming of N-linked glycans. Glycobiology 19: 1408-1416.
367. Ragni, E., A. Coluccio, E. Rolli, J. M. Rodriguez-Peña, G. Colasante et al., 2007a GAS2 and GAS4, a pair of developmentally regulated genes required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot. Cell 6: 302-316.
368. Ragni, E., T. Fontaine, C. Gissi, J. P. Latgé, and L. Popolo, 2007b The Gas family of proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: characterization and evolutionary analysis. Yeast 24: 297-308.
369. Ragni, E., M. Sipiczki, and S. Strahl, 2007c Characterization of Ccw12p, a major key player in cell wall stability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 24: 309-319.
370. Ragni, E., H. Piberger, C. Neupert, J. García-Cantalejo, L. Popolo et al., 2011 The genetic interaction network of CCW12, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene required for cell wall integrity during budding and formation of mating projections. BMC Genomics 12: 107.
371. Ram, A. F., A. Wolters, R. Ten Hoopen, and F. M. Klis, 1994 A new approach for isolating cell wall mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by screening for hypersensitivity to calcofluor white. Yeast 10: 1019-1030.
372. Ram, A. F., S. S. Brekelmans, L. J. Oehlen, and F. M. Klis, 1995 Identification of two cell cycle regulated genes affecting the b1,3-glucan content of cell walls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 358: 165-170.
373. Ram, A. F., J. C. Kapteyn, R. C. Montijn, L. H. Caro, J. E. Douwes et al., 1998 Loss of the plasma membrane-bound protein Gas1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in the release of b1,3-glucan into the medium and induces a compensation mechanism to ensure cell wall integrity. J. Bacteriol. 180: 1418-1424.
374. Ramsook, C. B., C. Tan, M. C. Garcia, R. Fung, G. Soybelman et al., 2010 Yeast cell adhesion molecules have functional amyloidforming sequences. Eukaryot. Cell 9: 393-404.
375. Rayner, J. C., and S. Munro, 1998 Identification of the MNN2 and MNN5 mannosyltransferases required for forming and extending the mannose branches of the outer chain mannans of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 26836-26843.
376. Reiss, G., S. te Heesen, J. Zimmerman, P. W. Robbins, and M. Aebi, 1996 Isolation of the ALG6 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for glucosylation in the N-linked glycosylation pathway. Glycobiology 6: 493-498.
377. Reiss, G., S. te Heesen, R. Gilmore, R. Zufferey, and M. Aebi, 1997 A specific screen for oligosaccharyltransferase mutations identifies the 9 kDa OST5 protein required for optimal activity in vivo and in vitro. EMBO J. 16: 1164-1172.
378. Reyes, A., M. Sanz, A. Duran, and C. Roncero, 2007 Chitin synthase III requires Chs4p-dependent translocation of Chs3p into the plasma membrane. J. Cell Sci. 120: 1998-2009.
379. Reynolds, T. B., and G. R. Fink, 2001 Bakers' yeast, a model for fungal biofilm formation. Science 291: 878-881.
380. Richard, M., P. De Groot, O. Courtin, D. Poulain, F. Klis et al., 2002 GPI7 affects cell-wall protein anchorage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Microbiology 148: 2125-2133.
381. Rodicio, R., and J. J. Heinisch, 2010 Together we are strong: cell wall integrity sensors in yeasts. Yeast 27: 531-540.
382. Rodionov, D., P. A. Romero, A. M. Berghuis, and A. Herscovics, 2009 Expression and purification of recombinant M-Pol I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a-1,6 mannosylpolymerase activity. Protein Expr. Purif. 66: 1-6.
383. Rodríguez-Peña, J. M., V. J. Cid, J. Arroyo, and C. Nombela, 2000 A novel family of cell wall-related proteins regulated differently during the yeast life cycle. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 3245-3255.
384. Rodriguez-Peña, J. M., C. Rodriguez, A. Alvarez, C. Nombela, and J. Arroyo, 2002 Mechanisms for targeting of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI-anchored cell wall protein Crh2p to polarized growth sites. J. Cell Sci. 115: 2549-2558.
385. Roemer, T., and H. Bussey, 1995 Yeast Kre1p is a cell surface O-glycoprotein. Mol. Gen. Genet. 249: 209-216.
386. Roemer, T., S. Delaney, and H. Bussey, 1993 SKN1 and KRE6 define a pair of functional homologs encoding putative membrane proteins involved in β-glucan synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 4039-4048.
387. Roh, D. H., B. Bowers, M. Schmidt, and E. Cabib, 2002a The septation apparatus, an autonomous system in budding yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 2747-2759.
388. Roh, D. H., B. Bowers, H. Riezman, and E. Cabib, 2002b Rho1p mutations specific for regulation of b(1/3)glucan synthesis and the order of assembly of the yeast cell wall. Mol. Microbiol. 44: 1167-1183.
389. Rolli, E., E. Ragni, J. Calderon, S. Porello, U. Fascio et al., 2009 Immobilization of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Gas1 protein into the chitin ring and septum is required for proper morphogenesis in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 20: 4856-4870.
390. Romero, P. A., G. J. Dijkgraaf, S. Shahinian, A. Herscovics, and H. Bussey, 1997 The yeast CWH41 gene encodes glucosidase I. Glycobiology 7: 997-1004.
391. Romero, P. A., M. Lussier, S. Véronneau, A. M. Sdicu, A. Herscovics et al., 1999 Mnt2p and Mnt3p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are members of the Mnn1p family of a-1,3-mannosyltransferases responsible for adding the terminal mannose residues of O-linked oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 9: 1045-1051.
392. Roncero, C., 2002 The genetic complexity of chitin synthesis in fungi. Curr. Genet. 41: 367-378.
393. Roncero, C., and Y. Sánchez, 2010 Cell separation and the maintenance of cell integrity during cytokinesis in yeast: the assembly of a septum. Yeast 27: 521-530.
394. Roncero, C., M. Valdivieso, J. C. Ribas, and A. Duran, 1988 Isolation and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants resistant to calcofluor white. J. Bacteriol. 170: 1950-1954.
395. Roy, A., C. F. Lu, D. L. Marykwas, P. N. Lipke, and J. Kurjan, 1991 The AGA1 product is involved in cell surface attachment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion glycoprotein aagglutinin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 4196-4206.
396. Roy, S. K., T. Yoko-o, H. Ikenaga, and Y. Jigami, 1998 Functional evidence for UDP-galactose transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the in vivo galactosylation and in vitro transport assay. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 2583-2590.
397. Roy, S. K., Y. Chiba, M. Takeuchi, and Y. Jigami, 2000 Characterization of yeast Yea4p, a uridine diphosphate- N-acetylglucosamine transporter localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and required for chitin synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 13580-13587.
398. Ruiz-Herrera, J., and L. Ortiz-Castellanos, 2010 Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the cell walls from yeasts and fungi. FEMS Yeast Res. 10: 225-243.
399. Ruiz-Herrera, J., J. M. Gonzalez-Prieto, and R. Ruiz-Medrano, 2002 Evolution and phylogenetic relationships of chitin synthases from yeasts and fungi. FEMS Yeast Res. 1: 247-256.
400. Rush, J. S., N. Gao, M. A. Lehrman, S. Matveev, and C. J. Waechter, 2009 Suppression of Rft1 expression does not impair the transbilayer movement of Man5GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol in sealed microsomes from yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 19835-19842.
401. Russo, P., M. Simonen, A. Uimari, T. Teesalu, and M. Makarow, 1993 Dual regulation by heat and nutrient stress of the yeast HSP150 gene encoding a secretory glycoprotein. Mol. Gen. Genet. 239: 273-280.
402. Sacristan, C., A. Reyes, and C. Roncero, 2012 Neck compartmentalization as the molecular basis for the different endocytic behaviour of Chs3 during budding or hyperpolarized growth in yeast cells. Mol. Microbiol. 83: 1124-1135.
403. Sagane, K., M. Umemura, K. Ogawa-Mitsuhashi, K. Tsukahara, T. Yokoo et al., 2011 Analysis of membrane topology and identification of essential residues for the yeast endoplasmic reticulum inositol acyltransferase Gwt1p. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 14649-14658.
404. Saka, A., M. Abe, H. Okano, M. Minemura, H. Qadota et al., 2001 Complementing yeast rho1 mutation groups with distinct functional defects. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 46165-46171.
405. Sanchatjate, S., and R. Schekman, 2006 Chs5/6 complex: a multiprotein complex that interacts with and conveys chitin synthase III from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 4157-4166.
406. Santos, B., and M. Snyder, 1997 Targeting of chitin synthase 3 to polarized growth sites in yeast requires Chs5p and Myo2p. J. Cell Biol. 136: 95-110.
407. Santos, B., A. Duran, and M. H. Valdivieso, 1997 CHS5, a gene involved in chitin synthesis and mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 2485-2496.
408. Sanyal, S., and A. K. Menon, 2010 Stereoselective transbilayer translocation of mannosyl phosphoryl dolichol by an endoplasmic reticulum flippase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 11289-11294.
409. Sanz, M., J. A. Trilla, A. Duran, and C. Roncero, 2002 Control of chitin synthesis through Shc1p, a functional homologue of Chs4p specifically induced during sporulation. Mol. Microbiol. 43: 1183-1195.
410. Sanz, M., F. Castrejon, A. Duran, and C. Roncero, 2004 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bni4p directs the formation of the chitin ring and also participates in the correct assembly of the septum structure. Microbiology 150: 3229-3241.
411. Sato, K., Y. Noda, and K. Yoda, 2007 Pga1 is an essential component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 3472-3485.
412. Sato, M., K. Sato, S. Nishikawa, A. Hirata, J. Kato et al., 1999 The yeast RER2 gene, identified by endoplasmic reticulum protein localization mutations, encodes cis-prenyltransferase, a key enzyme in dolichol synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 471-483.
413. Saxena, I. M., R. M. Brown Jr., M. Fevre, R. A. Geremia, and B. Henrissat, 1995 Multidomain architecture of β-glycosyl transferases: implications for mechanism of action. J. Bacteriol. 177: 1419-1424.
414. Sburlati, A., and E. Cabib, 1986 Chitin synthetase 2, a presumptive participant in septum formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 15147-15152.
415. Scarcelli, J. J., P. A. Colussi, A.-L. Fabre, E. Boles, P. Orlean et al., 2012 Uptake of radiolabeled GlcNAc into Saccharomyces cerevisiae via native hexose transporters and its in vivo incorporation into GPI precursors in cells expressing heterologous GlcNAc kinase. FEMS Yeast Res. 12: 305-316.
416. Schekman, R., and V. Brawley, 1979 Localized deposition of chitin on the yeast cell surface in response to mating pheromone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 645-649.
417. Schenk, B., F. Fernandez, and C. J. Waechter, 2001a The ins(ide) and out(side) of dolichyl phosphate biosynthesis and recycling in the endoplasmic reticulum. Glycobiology 11: 61R-70R.
418. Schenk, B., J. S. Rush, C. J. Waechter, and M. Aebi, 2001b An alternative cis-isoprenyltransferase activity in yeast that produces polyisoprenols with chain lengths similar to mammalian dolichols. Glycobiology 11: 89-98.
419. Schmidt, M., 2004 Survival and cytokinesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of chitin. Microbiology 150: 3253-3260.
420. Schmidt, M., B. Bowers, A. Varma, D.-H. Roh, and E. Cabib, 2002 In budding yeast, contraction of the actomyosin ring and formation of the primary septum depend on each other. J. Cell Sci. 115: 293-302.
421. Schreuder, M. P., S. Brekelmans, H. van den Ende, and F. M. Klis, 1993 Targeting of a heterologous protein to the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 9: 399-409.
422. Schulz, B. L., and M. Aebi, 2009 Analysis of glycosylation site occupancy reveals a role for Ost3p and Ost6p in site-specific N-glycosylation efficiency. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8: 357-364.
423. Schulz, B. L., C. U. Stirnimann, J. P. Grimshaw, M. S. Brozzo, F. Fritsch et al., 2009 Oxidoreductase activity of oligosaccharyltransferase subunits Ost3p and Ost6p defines site-specific glycosylation efficiency. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 11061-11066.
424. Schwarz, M., R. Knauer, and L. Lehle, 2005 Yeast oligosaccharyltransferase consists of two functionally distinct sub-complexes, specified by either the Ost3p or Ost6p subunit. FEBS Lett. 579: 6564-6568.
425. Sestak, S., I. Hagen, W. Tanner, and S. Strahl, 2004 Scw10p, a cell-wall glucanase/transglucosidase important for cell-wall stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 150: 3197-3208.
426. Shahinian, S., and H. Bussey, 2000 β-1,6-Glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Microbiol. 35: 477-489.
427. Shahinian, S., G. J. Dijkgraaf, A. M. Sdicu, D. Y. Thomas, C. A. Jakob et al., 1998 Involvement of protein N-glycosyl chain glucosylation and processing in the biosynthesis of cell wall β-1,6-glucan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 149: 843-856.
428. Shankarnarayan, S., C. L. Malone, R. J. Deschenes, and J. S. Fassler, 2008 Modulation of yeast Sln1 kinase activity by the Ccw12 cell wall protein. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 1962-1973.
429. Sharma, C. B., R. Knauer, and L. Lehle, 2001 Biosynthesis of lipidlinked oligosaccharides in yeast: the ALG3 gene encodes the Dol-P-Man: Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol mannosyltransferase. Biol. Chem. 382: 321-328.
430. Shaw, J. A., P. C. Mol, B. Bowers, S. J. Silverman, M. H. Valdivieso et al., 1991 The function of chitin synthases 2 and 3 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. J. Cell Biol. 114: 111-123.
431. Shematek, E. M., J. A. Braatz, and E. Cabib, 1980 Biosynthesis of the yeast cell wall. I. Preparation and properties of β-(1→3) glucan synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 255: 888-894.
432. Shen, Z. M., L. Wang, J. Pike, C. K. Jue, H. Zhao et al., 2001 Delineation of functional regions within the subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion molecule α-agglutinin. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 15768-15775.
433. Shepard, K. A., A. P. Gerber, A. Jambhekar, P. A. Takizawa, P. O. Brown et al., 2003 Widespread cytoplasmic mRNA transport in yeast: identification of 22 bud-localized transcripts using DNA microarray analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 11429-11434.
434. Shibasaki, S., H. Maeda, and M. Ueda, 2009 Molecular display technology using yeast-arming technology. Anal. Sci. 25: 41-49.
435. Shimma, Y., F. Saito, F. Oosawa, and Y. Jigami, 2006 Construction of a library of human glycosyltransferases immobilized in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 7003-7012.
436. Shimoi, H., H. Kitagaki, H. Ohmori, Y. Iimura, and K. Ito, 1998 Sed1p is a major cell wall protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the stationary phase and is involved in lytic enzyme resistance. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3381-3387.
437. Signorell, A., and A. K. Menon, 2009 Attachment of a GPI anchor to protein, pp. 133-149 in The Enzymes, Vol. 24, Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchoring of Proteins, edited by A. K. Menon, T. Kinoshita, P. Orlean, and F. Tamanoi. Academic Press/Elsevier, New York.
438. Simoes, T., M. C. Teixeira, A. R. Fernandes, and I. Sa-Correia, 2003 Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, mediated by Msn2p- and Msn4p-regulated genes: important role of SPI1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4019-4028.
439. Simons, J. F., M. Ebersold, and A. Helenius, 1998 Cell wall 1,6- β-glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on ER glucosidases I and II, and the molecular chaperone BiP/Kar2p. EMBO J. 17: 396-405.
440. Sipos, G., A. Puoti, and A. Conzelmann, 1995 Biosynthesis of the side chain of yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors is operated by novel mannosyltransferases located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 19709-19715.
441. Smits, G. J., L. R. Schenkman, S. Brul, J. R. Pringle, and F. M. Klis, 2006 Role of cell cycle-regulated expression in the localized incorporation of cell wall proteins in yeast. Mol. Biol. Cell 17: 3267-3280.
442. Sobering, A. K., R. Watanabe, M. J. Romeo, B. C. Yan, C. A. Specht et al., 2004 Yeast Ras regulates the complex that catalyzes the first step in GPI-anchor biosynthesis at the ER. Cell 117: 637-648.
443. Spellman, P. T., G. Sherlock, M. Q. Zhang, V. R. Iyer, K. Anders et al., 1998 Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 3273-3297.
444. Spirig, U., M. Glavas, D. Bodmer, G. Reiss, P. Burda et al., 1997 The STT3 protein is a component of the yeast oligosaccharyltransferase complex. Mol. Gen. Genet. 256: 628-637.
445. Spirig, U., D. Bodmer, M. Wacker, P. Burda, and M. Aebi, 2005 The 3.4-kDa Ost4 protein is required for the assembly of two distinct oligosaccharyltransferase complexes in yeast. Glycobiology 15: 1396-1406.
446. Stagljar, I., S. te Heesen, and M. Aebi, 1994 New phenotype of mutations deficient in glucosylation of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide: cloning of the ALG8 locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5977-5981.
447. Stolz, J., and S. Munro, 2002 The components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannosyltransferase complex M-Pol I have distinct functions in mannan synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 44801-44808.
448. Strahl-Bolsinger, S., and A. Scheinost, 1999 Transmembrane topology of Pmt1p, a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of protein O-mannosyltransferases. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 9068-9075.
449. Strahl-Bolsinger, S., M. Gentzsch, and W. Tanner, 1999 Protein Omannosylation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1426: 297-307.
450. Subramanian, S., C. A. Woolford, E. Drill, M. Lu, and E. W. Jones, 2006 Pbn1p: an essential endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein required for protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum of budding yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 939-944.
451. Sumita, T., T. Yoko-o, Y. Shimma, and Y. Jigami, 2005 Comparison of cell wall localization among Pir family proteins and functional dissection of the region required for cell wall binding and bud scar recruitment of Pir1p. Eukaryot. Cell 4: 1872-1881.
452. Sütterlin, C., M. V. Escribano, P. Gerold, Y. Maeda, M. J. Mazon et al., 1998 Saccharomyces cerevisiae GPI10, the functional homologue of human PIG-B, is required for glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchor synthesis. Biochem. J. 332: 153-159.
453. Sutterlin, C., A. Horvath, P. Gerold, R. T. Schwarz, Y. Wang et al., 1997 Identification of a species-specific inhibitor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. EMBO J. 16: 6374-6383.
454. Suzuki, T., H. Park, N. M. Hollingsworth, R. Sternglanz, and W. J. Lennarz, 2000 PNG1, a yeast gene encoding a highly conserved peptide: N-glycanase. J. Cell Biol. 149: 1039-1052.
455. Szathmary, R., R. Bielmann, M. Nita-Lazar, P. Burda, and C. A. Jakob, 2005 Yos9 protein is essential for degradation of misfolded glycoproteins and may function as lectin in ERAD. Mol. Cell 19: 765-775.
456. Tanaka, S., Y. Maeda, Y. Tashima, and T. Kinoshita, 2004 Inositol deacylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins is mediated by mammalian PGAP1 and yeast Bst1p. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 14256-14263.
457. Taron, C. H., J. M. Wiedman, S. J. Grimme, and P. Orlean, 2000 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects in Gpi11p- and Gpi13p-deficient yeast suggest a branched pathway and implicate Gpi13p in phosphoethanolamine transfer to the third mannose. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 1611-1630.
458. Teh, E. M., C. C. Chai, and F. M. Yeong, 2009 Retention of Chs2p in the ER requires N-terminal CDK1-phosphorylation sites. Cell Cycle 8: 2965-2976.
459. Te Heesen, S., L. Lehle, A. Weissmann, and M. Aebi, 1994 Isolation of the ALG5 locus encoding the UDP-glucose: dolichyl-phosphate glucosyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 224: 71-79.
460. Teparic, R., I. Stuparevic, and V. Mrša, 2004 Increased mortality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall protein mutants. Microbiology 150: 3145-3150.
461. Terashima, H., N. Yabuki, M. Arisawa, K. Hamada, and K. Kitada, 2000 Up-regulation of genes encoding glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-attached proteins in response to cell wall damage caused by disruption of FKS1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Gen. Genet. 264: 64-74.
462. Terashima, H., S. Fukuchi, K. Nakai, M. Arisawa, K. Hamada et al., 2002 Sequence-based approach for identification of cell wall proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Genet. 40: 311-316.
463. Terashima, H., K. Hamada, and K. Kitada, 2003 The localization change of Ybr078w/Ecm33, a yeast GPI-associated protein, from the plasma membrane to the cell wall, affecting the cellular function. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 218: 175-180.
464. Thevissen, K., J. Idkowiak-Baldys, Y. J. Im, J. Takemoto, I. E. François et al., 2005 SKN1, a novel plant defensin-sensitivity gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is implicated in sphingolipid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 579: 1973-1977.
465. Tiede, A., C. Nischan, J. Schubert, and R. E. Schmidt, 2000 Characterisation of the enzymatic complex for the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 32: 339-350.
466. Toh-e, A., and T. Oguchi, 1999 Las21 participates in extracellular/cell surface phenomena in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Genet. Syst. 74: 241-256.
467. Toh-e, A., S. Yasunaga, H. Nisogi, K. Tanaka, T. Oguchi et al., 1993 Three yeast genes, PIR1, PIR2 and PIR3, containing internal tandem repeats, are related to each other, and PIR1 and PIR2 are required for tolerance to heat shock. Yeast 9: 481-494.
468. Tomishige, N., Y. Noda, H. Adachi, H. Shimoi, A. Takatsuki et al., 2003 Mutations that are synthetically lethal with a gas1D allele cause defects in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Genet. Genomics 269: 562-573.
469. Trautwein, M., C. Schindler, R. Gauss, J. Dengjel, E. Hartmann et al., 2006 Arf1p, Chs5p and the ChAPs are required for export of specialized cargo from the Golgi. EMBO J. 25: 943-954.
470. Travers, K. J., C. K. Patil, L. Wodicka, D. J. Lockhart, J. S. Weissman et al., 2000 Functional and genomic analyses reveal an essential coordination between the unfolded protein response and ER-associated degradation. Cell 101: 249-258.
471. Trilla, J. A., T. Cos, A. Duran, and C. Roncero, 1997 Characterization of CHS4 (CAL2), a gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in chitin biosynthesis and allelic to SKT5 and CSD4. Yeast 13: 795-807.
472. Trilla, J. A., A. Duran, and C. Roncero, 1999 Chs7p, a new protein involved in the control of protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum that is specifically engaged in the regulation of chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 145: 1153-1163.
473. Trombetta, E. S., J. F. Simons, and A. Helenius, 1996 Endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase II is composed of a catalytic subunit, conserved from yeast to mammals, and a tightly bound noncatalytic HDEL-containing subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27509-27516.
474. Tsukahara, K., K. Hata, K. Sagane, N. Watanabe, J. Kuromitsu et al., 2003 Medicinal genetics approach towards identifying the molecular target of a novel inhibitor of fungal cell wall assembly. Mol. Microbiol. 48: 1029-1042.
475. Uchida, Y., O. Shimmi, M. Sudoh, M. Arisawa, and H. Yamada- Okabe, 1996 Characterization of chitin synthase 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II: both full size and processed enzymes are active or chitin synthesis. J. Biochem. 119: 659-666.
476. Umemura, M., M. Okamoto, K. Nakayama, K. Sagane, K. Tsukahara et al., 2003 GWT1 gene is required for inositol acylation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 23639-23647.
477. Umemura, M., M. Fujita, T. Yoko-o, A. Fukamizu, and Y. Jigami, 2007 Saccharomyces cerevisiae CWH43 is involved in the remodeling of the lipid moiety of GPI anchors to ceramides. Mol. Biol. Cell 18: 4304-4316.
478. Utsugi, T., M. Minemura, A. Hirata, M. Abe, D. Watanabe et al., 2002 Movement of yeast 1,3-β-glucan synthase is essential for uniform cell wall synthesis. Genes Cells 7: 1-9.
479. Vadaie, N., H. Dionne, D. S. Akajagbor, S. R. Nickerson, D. J. Krysan et al., 2008 Cleavage of the signaling mucin Msb2 by the aspartyl protease Yps1 is required for MAPK activation in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 181: 1073-1081.
480. Valdivia, R. H., and R. Schekman, 2003 The yeasts Rho1p and Pkc1p regulate the transport of chitin synthase III (Chs3p) from internal stores to the plasma membrane. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 10287-10292.
481. Valdivieso, M. H., L. Ferrario, M. Vai, A. Duran, and L. Popolo, 2000 Chitin synthesis in a gas1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 182: 4752-4757.
482. Van Berkel, M. A., M. Rieger, S. te Heesen, A. F. Ram, H. van den Ende et al., 1999 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CWH8 gene is required for full levels of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum and for efficient N-glycosylation. Glycobiology 9: 243-253.
483. Van der Vaart, J. M., L. H. P. Caro, J. W. Chapman, F. M. Klis, and C. T. Verrips, 1995 Identification of three mannoproteins in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 177: 3104-3110.
484. Van der Vaart, J. M., R. te Biesebeke, J. W. Chapman, F. M. Klis, and C. T. Verrips, 1996 The β-1,6-glucan containing sidechain of cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is bound to the glycan core of the GPI moiety. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 145: 401-407.
485. Van der Vaart, J. M., R. te Biesebeke, J. W. Chapman, H. Y. Toschka, F. M. Klis et al., 1997 Comparison of cell wall proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as anchors for cell surface expression of heterologous proteins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 615-620.
486. Van Mulders, S. E., E. Christianen, S. M. Saerens, L. Daenen, P. J. Verbelen et al., 2009 Phenotypic diversity of Flo protein familymediated adhesion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 9: 178-190.
487. Varki, A., and N. Sharon, 2009 Chapter 1 Historical Background and Overview, in Essentials of Glycobiology, Ed. 2, edited by A. Varki, R. D. Cummings, J. D. Esko, H. H. Freeze, P. Stanley, et al. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
488. Veelders, M., S. Brückner, D. Ott, C. Unverzagt, H. U. Mösch et al., 2010 Structural basis of flocculin-mediated social behavior in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 22511-22516.
489. Velours, G., C. Boucheron, S. Manon, and N. Camougrand, 2002 Dual cell wall/mitochondria localization of the 'SUN' family proteins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 207: 165-172.
490. Verma, D. P., and Z. Hong, 2001 Plant callose synthase complexes. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 693-701.
491. VerPlank, L., and R. Li, 2005 Cell cycle-regulated trafficking of Chs2 controls actomyosin ring stability during cytokinesis. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 2529-2543.
492. Verstrepen, K. J., and F. M. Klis, 2006 Flocculation, adhesion and biofilm formation in yeasts. Mol. Microbiol. 60: 5-15.
493. Vidugiriene, J., and A. K. Menon, 1993 Early lipid intermediates in glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor assembly are synthesized in the ER and located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the ER membrane bilayer. J. Cell Biol. 121: 987-996.
494. Vink, E., R. J. Rodriguez-Suarez, M. Gérard-Vincent, J. C. Ribas, H. de Nobel et al., 2004 An in vitro assay for (1→6)-β-D-glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 21: 1121-1131.
495. Vishwakarma, R. A., and A. K. Menon, 2005 Flip-flop of glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI's) across the ER. Chem. Commun. (Camb.) 2005: 453-455.
496. Vossen, J. H., W. H. Müller, P. N. Lipke, and F. M. Klis, 1997 Restrictive glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis in cwh6/gpi3 yeast cells causes aberrant biogenesis of cell wall proteins. J. Bacteriol. 179: 2202-2209.
497. Wacker, M., D. Linton, P. G. Hitchen, M. Nita-Lazar, S. M. Haslam et al., 2002 N-linked glycosylation in C. jejuni and its functional transfer to E. coli. Science 298: 1790-1793.
498. Wang, C. W., S. Hamamoto, L. Orci, and R. Schekman, 2006 Exomer: a coat complex for transport of select membrane proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 174: 973-983.
499. Wang, X.-H., K.-I. Nakayama, Y.-i. Shimma, A. Tanaka, and Y. Jigami, 1997 MNN6, a member of the KRE2/MNT1 family, is the gene for mannosylphosphate transfer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 18117-18124.
500. Watanabe, R., T. Kinoshita, R. Masaki, A. Yamamoto, J. Takeda et al., 1996 PIG-A and PIG-H, which participate in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, form a protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 26868-26875.
501. Watanabe, R., N. Inoue, B. Westfall, C. H. Taron, P. Orlean et al., 1998 The first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis is mediated by a complex of PIG-A, PIG-H, PIG-C and GPI1. EMBO J. 17: 877-885.
502. Watanabe, R., K. Ohishi, Y. Maeda, N. Nakamura, and T. Kinoshita, 1999 Mammalian PIG-L and its yeast homologue Gpi12p are N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylases essential in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis. Biochem. J. 339: 185-192.
503. Watzele, G., and W. Tanner, 1989 Cloning of the glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase gene from yeast. Pheromonal regulation of its transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 8753-8758.
504. Weerapana, E., and B. Imperiali, 2006 Asparagine-linked protein glycosylation: from eukaryotic to prokaryotic systems. Glycobiology 16: 91R-101R.
505. Wiedman, J. M., A.-L. Fabre, B. W. Taron, C. H. Taron, and P. Orlean, 2007 In vivo characterization of the GPI assembly defect in yeast mcd4-174 mutants and bypass of the Mcd4pdependent step in mcd4 null mutants. FEMS Yeast Res. 7: 78-83.
506. Wilkinson, B. M., J. Purswani, and C. J. Stirling, 2006 Yeast GTB1 encodes a subunit of glucosidase II required for glycoprotein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 6325-6333.
507. Wojciechowicz, D., C.-F. Lu, J. Kurjan, and P. N. Lipke, 1993 Cell surface anchorage and ligand-binding domains of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion protein a-agglutinin, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 2554-2563.
508. Xie, X., and P. N. Lipke, 2010 On the evolution of fungal and yeast cell walls. Yeast 27: 479-488.
509. Yabe, T., T. Yamada-Okabe, T. Nakajima, M. Sudoh, M. Arisawa et al., 1998 Mutational analysis of chitin synthase 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification of additional amino acid residues involved in its catalytic activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 258: 941-947.
510. Yamaguchi, M., Y. Namiki, H. Okada, Y. Mori, H. Furukawa et al., 2011 Structome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae determined by freeze-substitution and serial ultrathin-sectioning electron microscopy. J. Electron Microsc. (Tokyo) 60: 321-335.
511. Yan, A., and W. J. Lennarz, 2005a Unraveling the mechanism of protein N-glycosylation. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 3121-3124.
512. Yan, A., and W. J. Lennarz, 2005b Two oligosaccharyl transferase complexes exist in yeast and associate with two different translocons. Glycobiology 15: 1407-1415.
513. Yan, B. C., B. A. Westfall, and P. Orlean, 2001 Ynl038wp (Gpi15p) is the Sacccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of human Pig-Hp and participates in the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol assembly. Yeast 18: 1383-1389.
514. Yan, Q., and W. J. Lennarz, 2002 Studies on the function of the oligosaccharyltransferase subunits: Stt3p is directly involved in the glycosylation process. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 47692-47700.
515. Yin, Q. Y., P. W. de Groot, H. L. Dekker, L. de Jong, F. M. Klis et al., 2005 Comprehensive proteomic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls: identification of proteins covalently attached via glycosylphosphatidylinositol remnants or mild alkali-sensitive linkages. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 20894-20901.
516. Yin, Q. Y., P. W. de Groot, L. de Jong, F. M. Klis, and C. G. De Koster, 2007 Mass spectrometric quantitation of covalently bound cell wall proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 7: 887-896.
517. Yip, C. L., S. K. Welch, F. Klebl, T. Gilbert, P. Seidel et al., 1994 Cloning and analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN9 and MNN1 genes required for complex glycosylation of secreted proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2723-2727.
518. Yoda, K., T. Kawada, C. Kaibara, A. Fujie, M. Abe et al., 2000 Defect in cell wall integrity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused by a mutation of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene VIG9. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64: 1937-1941.
519. Yun, D. J., Y. Zhao, J. M. Pardo, M. L. Narasimhan, B. Damsz et al., 1997 Stress proteins on the yeast cell surface determine resistance to osmotin, a plant antifungal protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 7082-7087.
520. Zhang, G., R. Kashimshetty, K. E. Ng, H. B. Tan, and F. M. Yeong, 2006 Exit from mitosis triggers Chs2p transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to mother-daughter neck via the secretory pathway in budding yeast. J. Cell Biol. 174: 207-220.
521. Zhang, M., D. Bennett, and S. E. Erdman, 2002 Maintenance of mating cell integrity requires the adhesin Fig2p. Eukaryot. Cell 1: 811-822.
522. Zhang, M., Y. Liang, X. Zhang, Y. Xu, H. Dai et al., 2008 Deletion of yeast CWP genes enhances cell permeability to genotoxic agents. Toxicol. Sci. 103: 68-76.
523. Zhao, C., U. S. Jung, P. Garrett-Engele, T. Roe, M. S. Cyert et al., 1998 Temperature-induced expression of yeast FKS2 is under the dual control of protein kinase C and calcineurin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 1013-1022.
524. Zhu, Y., P. Fraering, C. Vionnet, and A. Conzelmann, 2005 Gpi17p does not stably interact with other subunits of glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1735: 79-88.
525. Zhu, Y., C. Vionnet, and A. Conzelmann, 2006 Ethanolaminephosphate side chain added to GPI anchor by Mcd4p is required for ceramide remodeling and forward transport of GPI proteins from ER to Golgi. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 19830-19839.
526. Ziman, M., J. S. Chuang, and R. W. Schekman, 1996 Chs1p and Chs3p, two proteins involved in chitin synthesis, populate a compartment of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endocytic pathway. Mol. Biol. Cell 7: 1909-1919.
527. Ziman, M., J. S. Chuang, M. Tsung, S. Hamamoto, and R. Schekman, 1998 Chs6p-dependent anterograde transport of Chs3p from the chitosome to the plasma membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 1565-1576.
528. Zlotnik, H., M. P. Fernandez, B. Bowers, and E. Cabib, 1984 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoproteins form an external cell wall layer that determines wall porosity. J. Bacteriol. 159: 1018-1026.