메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 624-641

Potential control of multiple sclerosis by cannabis and the endocannabinoid system

Author keywords

Cannabis; Endocannabinoid; Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; Multiple sclerosis; Neuroprotection; Spasticity

Indexed keywords

2 ARACHIDONOYL GLYCEROL; 2,3 DIHYDRO 5 METHYL 3 (MORPHOLINOMETHYL) 6 (1 NAPHTHOYL)PYRROLO[1,2,3 DE][1,4]BENZOXAZINE; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER; ANANDAMIDE; ARVANIL; BACLOFEN; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; CANNABIS; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLOHEXYLCARBAMIC ACID 3' CARBAMOYLBIPHENYL 3 YL ESTER; DEXANABINOL; DRONABINOL; ENDOCANNABINOID; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GPR18 RECEPTOR; GPR55 RECEPTOR; KAINIC ACID; N (3 FURYLMETHYL)ARACHIDONAMIDE; NABIXIMOLS; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; RENZODIAZEPINE; TIZANIDINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANILLOID RECEPTOR 1;

EID: 84863917450     PISSN: 18715273     EISSN: 19963181     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152712801661310     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (215)
  • 1
    • 0024263922 scopus 로고
    • Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain
    • Devane, W.A.; Dysarz, F.A.; Johnson, M.R.; Melvin, L.S.; Howlett, A.C. Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Mol. Pharmacol., 1988, 34(5), 605-613.
    • (1988) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 605-613
    • Devane, W.A.1    Dysarz, F.A.2    Johnson, M.R.3    Melvin, L.S.4    Howlett, A.C.5
  • 2
    • 0025325535 scopus 로고
    • Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA
    • Matsuda, L.A.; Lolait, S.J.; Brownstein, M.J.; Young, A.C.; Bonner, T.I. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature, 1990, 346(6284), 561-564.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , Issue.6284 , pp. 561-564
    • Matsuda, L.A.1    Lolait, S.J.2    Brownstein, M.J.3    Young, A.C.4    Bonner, T.I.5
  • 3
    • 0027515373 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids
    • Munro, S.; Thomas, K.L.; Abu-Shaar, M. Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature, 1993, 365(6441), 61-65.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , Issue.6441 , pp. 61-65
    • Munro, S.1    Thomas, K.L.2    Abu-Shaar, M.3
  • 6
    • 0030870722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation
    • Stella, N.; Schweitzer, P.; Piomelli, D. A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature, 1997, 388(6644), 773-778.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , Issue.6644 , pp. 773-778
    • Stella, N.1    Schweitzer, P.2    Piomelli, D.3
  • 7
    • 30344476972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In silico patent searching reveals a new cannabinoid receptor
    • Baker, D.; Pryce, G.; Davies, W.L.; Hiley C.R. In silico patent searching reveals a new cannabinoid receptor. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2006, 27(1), 1-4.
    • (2006) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-4
    • Baker, D.1    Pryce, G.2    Davies, W.L.3    Hiley, C.R.4
  • 9
    • 77952731052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor
    • McHugh, D.; Hu, S.S.; Rimmerman, N.; Juknat, A.; Vogel, Z.; Walker, J.M.; Bradshaw, H.B. N-arachidonoyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor. BMC Neurosci., 2010, 11, 44.
    • (2010) BMC Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 44
    • McHugh, D.1    Hu, S.S.2    Rimmerman, N.3    Juknat, A.4    Vogel, Z.5    Walker, J.M.6    Bradshaw, H.B.7
  • 13
    • 0033623537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the rat brain. An immunohistochemical study
    • Moldrich, G.; Wenger, T. Localization of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the rat brain. An immunohistochemical study. Peptides, 2000, 21(11), 1735-1742.
    • (2000) Peptides , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 1735-1742
    • Moldrich, G.1    Wenger, T.2
  • 14
    • 0025954862 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: A quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
    • Herkenham, M.; Lynn, A.B.; Johnson, M.R.; Melvin, L.S.; de Costa, B.R.; Rice K.C. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J. Neurosci., 1991, 11(2), 563-583.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 563-583
    • Herkenham, M.1    Lynn, A.B.2    Johnson, M.R.3    Melvin, L.S.4    de Costa, B.R.5    Rice, K.C.6
  • 15
    • 0021124870 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase by cannabinoid and nantradol compounds
    • Howlett, A.C. Inhibition of neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase by cannabinoid and nantradol compounds. Life Sci., 1984, 35(17), 1803-1810.
    • (1984) Life Sci. , vol.35 , Issue.17 , pp. 1803-1810
    • Howlett, A.C.1
  • 16
    • 0032246648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by cannabinoid receptor agonists: Evidence for agonist-specific trafficking of intracellular responses
    • Bonhaus, D.W.; Chang, L.K.; Kwan, J.; Martin, G.R. Dual activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by cannabinoid receptor agonists: evidence for agonist-specific trafficking of intracellular responses. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1998, 287(3), 884-888.
    • (1998) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.287 , Issue.3 , pp. 884-888
    • Bonhaus, D.W.1    Chang, L.K.2    Kwan, J.3    Martin, G.R.4
  • 17
    • 0030988864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in cannabinoid receptor/G-protein coupling in rat brain
    • Breivogel, C.S.; Sim, L.J.; Childers, S.R. Regional differences in cannabinoid receptor/G-protein coupling in rat brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1997, 282(3), 1632-1642.
    • (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.282 , Issue.3 , pp. 1632-1642
    • Breivogel, C.S.1    Sim, L.J.2    Childers, S.R.3
  • 19
    • 0037177601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid signalling in the brain
    • Wilson, R.I.; Nicoll, R.A. Endocannabinoid signalling in the brain. Science, 2002, 296, 678-668.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 668-678
    • Wilson, R.I.1    Nicoll, R.A.2
  • 20
    • 0033002210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid CB1 receptor of cat cerebral arterial muscle functions to inhibit L-type Ca2+ channel current
    • Gebremedhin, D.; Lange, A.R.; Campbell, W.B.; Hillard, C.J.; Harder, D.R. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor of cat cerebral arterial muscle functions to inhibit L-type Ca2+ channel current. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 276(6 Pt2), H2085-H2093.
    • (1999) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.276 , Issue.6 PART2
    • Gebremedhin, D.1    Lange, A.R.2    Campbell, W.B.3    Hillard, C.J.4    Harder, D.R.5
  • 21
    • 0037126618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibition of T-type calcium channels by the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide
    • Chemin, J.; Monteil, A.; Perez-Reyes, E.; Nargeot, J.; Lory, P. Direct inhibition of T-type calcium channels by the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Embo J., 2001, 20(24), 7033-7040.
    • (2001) Embo J. , vol.20 , Issue.24 , pp. 7033-7040
    • Chemin, J.1    Monteil, A.2    Perez-Reyes, E.3    Nargeot, J.4    Lory, P.5
  • 22
    • 0028823316 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids activate an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and inhibit Q-type calcium currents in AtT20 cells transfected with rat brain cannabinoid receptor
    • Mackie, K.; Lai, Y.; Westenbroek, R.; Mitchell, R. Cannabinoids activate an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and inhibit Q-type calcium currents in AtT20 cells transfected with rat brain cannabinoid receptor. J. Neurosci., 1995, 15(10), 6552-6561.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 6552-6561
    • Mackie, K.1    Lai, Y.2    Westenbroek, R.3    Mitchell, R.4
  • 23
    • 0032523019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C disrupts cannabinoid actions by phosphorylation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor
    • Garcia, D.E.; Brown, S.; Hille, B; Mackie, K. Protein kinase C disrupts cannabinoid actions by phosphorylation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. J. Neurosci., 1998, 18(8), 2834-2841.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 2834-2841
    • Garcia, D.E.1    Brown, S.2    Hille, B.3    Mackie, K.4
  • 27
    • 33845863911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 gene in T cells by cannabinoids
    • Börner, C.; Hollt, V.; Sebald, W.; Kraus, J. Transcriptional regulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 gene in T cells by cannabinoids. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2007, 81(1), 336-343.
    • (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 336-343
    • Börner, C.1    Hollt, V.2    Sebald, W.3    Kraus, J.4
  • 28
    • 0037661996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of endogenous cannabinoids in synaptic signaling
    • Freund, T.F.; Katona, I.; Piomelli, D. Role of endogenous cannabinoids in synaptic signaling. Physiol. Rev., 2003, 83(3), 1017-1066.
    • (2003) Physiol. Rev. , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 1017-1066
    • Freund, T.F.1    Katona, I.2    Piomelli, D.3
  • 29
    • 0037198722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of interneuron firing extends the spread of endocannabinoid signaling in the cerebellum
    • Kreitzer, A.C.; Carter, A.G.; Regehr, W.G. Inhibition of interneuron firing extends the spread of endocannabinoid signaling in the cerebellum. Neuron, 2002, 34(5), 787-796.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 787-796
    • Kreitzer, A.C.1    Carter, A.G.2    Regehr, W.G.3
  • 32
    • 0032983675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opiate, cannabinoid, and eicosanoid signaling converges on common intracellular pathways nitric oxide coupling
    • Fimiani, C.;Liberty, T.; Aquirre, A.J.; Amin, I.; Ali, N.; Stefano, G.B. Opiate, cannabinoid, and eicosanoid signaling converges on common intracellular pathways nitric oxide coupling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 1999, 57(1), 23-34.
    • (1999) Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-34
    • Fimiani, C.1    Liberty, T.2    Aquirre, A.J.3    Amin, I.4    Ali, N.5    Stefano, G.B.6
  • 33
    • 34548854232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of nitric oxide in depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition in hippocampal pyramidal cells during activation of cholinergic receptors
    • Makara, J.K.; Katona, I.; Nyiri, G.; Nemeth, B.; Ledent, C.; Watanabe, M.; de Vente, J.; Freund, T.F.; Hajos, N. Involvement of nitric oxide in depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition in hippocampal pyramidal cells during activation of cholinergic receptors. J. Neurosci., 2007, 27(38), 10211-10222.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , Issue.38 , pp. 10211-10222
    • Makara, J.K.1    Katona, I.2    Nyiri, G.3    Nemeth, B.4    Ledent, C.5    Watanabe, M.6    de Vente, J.7    Freund, T.F.8    Hajos, N.9
  • 34
    • 0035676046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of inducible nitric oxide production by rat microglial cells: Evidence for CB1 receptor participation
    • Cabral, G.A.; Harmon, K.N.; Carlisle, S.J. Cannabinoid-mediated inhibition of inducible nitric oxide production by rat microglial cells: evidence for CB1 receptor participation. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2001, 493, 207-214.
    • (2001) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.493 , pp. 207-214
    • Cabral, G.A.1    Harmon, K.N.2    Carlisle, S.J.3
  • 35
    • 26844448746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in microglial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli
    • Maresz, K.; Carrier, E.J.; Ponomarev, E.D.; Hillard, C.J.; Dittel, B.N. Modulation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in microglial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. J. Neurochem., 2005, 95(2), 437-445.
    • (2005) J. Neurochem. , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 437-445
    • Maresz, K.1    Carrier, E.J.2    Ponomarev, E.D.3    Hillard, C.J.4    Dittel, B.N.5
  • 36
    • 33846047809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion induce expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the brain
    • Ashton, J.C.; Rahman, R.M.;Nair, S.M.; Sutherland, B.A.; Glass, M.; Appleton, I. Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion induce expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the brain. Neurosci. Lett., 2007, 412(2), 114-117.
    • (2007) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.412 , Issue.2 , pp. 114-117
    • Ashton, J.C.1    Rahman, R.M.2    Nair, S.M.3    Sutherland, B.A.4    Glass, M.5    Appleton, I.6
  • 37
    • 34548446421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory property of the cannabinoid receptor-2-selective agonist JWH-133 in a rodent model of autoimmune uveoretinitis
    • Xu, H.; Cheng, C.L.; Chen, M.; Manivannan, A.; Cabay, L.; Pertwee, R.G.; Coutts, A.; Forrester, J.V. Anti-inflammatory property of the cannabinoid receptor-2-selective agonist JWH-133 in a rodent model of autoimmune uveoretinitis. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2007, 82(3), 532-541.
    • (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 532-541
    • Xu, H.1    Cheng, C.L.2    Chen, M.3    Manivannan, A.4    Cabay, L.5    Pertwee, R.G.6    Coutts, A.7    Forrester, J.V.8
  • 38
    • 38349099590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peripheral cannabinoid receptor knockout mice: An update
    • Buckley, N.E. The peripheral cannabinoid receptor knockout mice: an update. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 153(2), 309-318.
    • (2008) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.153 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-318
    • Buckley, N.E.1
  • 39
    • 0028789427 scopus 로고
    • The peripheral cannabinoid receptor: Adenylate cyclase inhibition and G protein coupling
    • Bayewitch, M.; Avidor-Reiss, T.; Levy, R.; Barg, J.; Mechoulam, R.; Vogel, Z. The peripheral cannabinoid receptor: adenylate cyclase inhibition and G protein coupling. FEBS Lett., 1995, 375(1-2), 143-147.
    • (1995) FEBS Lett. , vol.375 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 143-147
    • Bayewitch, M.1    Avidor-Reiss, T.2    Levy, R.3    Barg, J.4    Mechoulam, R.5    Vogel, Z.6
  • 40
    • 0029989044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathway associated with stimulation of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptor. Involvement of both mitogenactivated protein kinase and induction of Krox-24 expression
    • Bouaboula, M.; Poinot-Chazel, C.; Marchand, J.; Canat, X.; Bourrie, B,; Rinaldi-Carmona, M.; Calandra, B.; Le Fur, G.; Casellas, P. Signaling pathway associated with stimulation of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptor. Involvement of both mitogenactivated protein kinase and induction of Krox-24 expression. Eur. J. Biochem., 1996, 237(3), 704-711.
    • (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.237 , Issue.3 , pp. 704-711
    • Bouaboula, M.1    Poinot-Chazel, C.2    Marchand, J.3    Canat, X.4    Bourrie, B.5    Rinaldi-Carmona, M.6    Calandra, B.7    Le Fur, G.8    Casellas, P.9
  • 42
    • 0030857066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors augments cAMP accumulation in striatal neurons: Evidence for a Gs linkage to the CB1 receptor
    • Glass, M.; Felder, C.C. Concurrent stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors augments cAMP accumulation in striatal neurons: evidence for a Gs linkage to the CB1 receptor. J. Neurosci., 1997, 17(14), 5327-5333.
    • (1997) J. Neurosci. , vol.17 , Issue.14 , pp. 5327-5333
    • Glass, M.1    Felder, C.C.2
  • 45
    • 70350376735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical responsiveness of the orphan receptor GPR55 to cannabinoid ligands
    • Kapur, A.; Zhao, P.; Sharir, H.; Bai, Y.; Caron, M.G.; Barak, L.S.; Abood, M.E. Atypical responsiveness of the orphan receptor GPR55 to cannabinoid ligands. J. Biol. Chem., 2009, 284(43), 29817-29827.
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , Issue.43 , pp. 29817-29827
    • Kapur, A.1    Zhao, P.2    Sharir, H.3    Bai, Y.4    Caron, M.G.5    Barak, L.S.6    Abood, M.E.7
  • 46
    • 40649102938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR55 is a cannabinoid receptor that increases intracellular calcium and inhibits M current
    • Lauckner, J.E.; Jensen, J. B; Chen, H.Y.; Lu, H.C.; Hille, B.;Mackie, K. GPR55 is a cannabinoid receptor that increases intracellular calcium and inhibits M current. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2008, 105(7), 2699-2704.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , Issue.7 , pp. 2699-2704
    • Lauckner, J.E.1    Jensen, J.B.2    Chen, H.Y.3    Lu, H.C.4    Hille, B.5    Mackie, K.6
  • 47
    • 77956018359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR55-dependent and-independent ion signalling in response to lysophosphatidylinositol in endothelial cells
    • Bondarenko, A.; Waldeck-Weiermair, M.; Naghdi. S.; Poteser, M.; Malli, R.; Graier, W.F. GPR55-dependent and-independent ion signalling in response to lysophosphatidylinositol in endothelial cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 161(2), 308-320.
    • (2010) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 308-320
    • Bondarenko, A.1    Waldeck-Weiermair, M.2    Naghdi, S.3    Poteser, M.4    Malli, R.5    Graier, W.F.6
  • 48
    • 77954334575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid-like N-arachidonoyl serine is a novel proangiogenic mediator
    • Zhang, X.; Maor, Y.; Wang, J.F.; Kunos, G.; Groopman, J.E. Endocannabinoid-like N-arachidonoyl serine is a novel proangiogenic mediator. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2010, 160(7), 1583-1594.
    • (2010) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.160 , Issue.7 , pp. 1583-1594
    • Zhang, X.1    Maor, Y.2    Wang, J.F.3    Kunos, G.4    Groopman, J.E.5
  • 51
    • 0035918311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activity of anandamide at vanilloid VR1 receptors requires facilitated transport across the cell membrane and is limited by intracellular metabolism
    • De Petrocellis, L.; Bisogno, T.; Maccarrone, M.; Davis, J.B.; Finazzi-Agro, A.; Di Marzo, V. The activity of anandamide at vanilloid VR1 receptors requires facilitated transport across the cell membrane and is limited by intracellular metabolism. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276(16), 12856-12863.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , Issue.16 , pp. 12856-12863
    • de Petrocellis, L.1    Bisogno, T.2    Maccarrone, M.3    Davis, J.B.4    Finazzi-Agro, A.5    Di Marzo, V.6
  • 52
    • 0037448328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-dependent dual effect of anandamide on sensory neuropeptide release from isolated rat tracheae
    • Nemeth, J.; Helyes, Z.; Than, M.; Jakab, B.; Pinter, E.; Szolcsanyi, J. Concentration-dependent dual effect of anandamide on sensory neuropeptide release from isolated rat tracheae. Neurosci. Lett., 2003, 336(2), 89-92.
    • (2003) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.336 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-92
    • Nemeth, J.1    Helyes, Z.2    Than, M.3    Jakab, B.4    Pinter, E.5    Szolcsanyi, J.6
  • 53
    • 33846360071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of anandamide's pharmacological effects in mice deficient of both fatty acid amide hydrolase and cannabinoid CB1 receptors
    • Wise, L.E.; Shelton, C.C.; Cravatt, B.F.; Martin, B.R.; Lichtman, A.H. Assessment of anandamide's pharmacological effects in mice deficient of both fatty acid amide hydrolase and cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2007, 557(1), 44-48.
    • (2007) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.557 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-48
    • Wise, L.E.1    Shelton, C.C.2    Cravatt, B.F.3    Martin, B.R.4    Lichtman, A.H.5
  • 54
    • 10644240899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide-evoked activation of vanilloid receptor 1 contributes to the development of bladder hyperreflexia and nociceptive transmission to spinal dorsal horn neurons in cystitis
    • Dinis, P.; Charrua, A.; Avelino, A.; Yaqoob, M.; Bevan, S.; Nagy, I.; Cruz, F. Anandamide-evoked activation of vanilloid receptor 1 contributes to the development of bladder hyperreflexia and nociceptive transmission to spinal dorsal horn neurons in cystitis. J. Neurosci., 2004, 24(50), 11253-11263.
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. , vol.24 , Issue.50 , pp. 11253-11263
    • Dinis, P.1    Charrua, A.2    Avelino, A.3    Yaqoob, M.4    Bevan, S.5    Nagy, I.6    Cruz, F.7
  • 55
    • 27744472280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mediators convert anandamide into a potent activator of the vanilloid type 1 transient receptor potential receptor in nociceptive primary sensory neurons
    • Singh Tahim, A.; Santha, P.; Nagy, I. Inflammatory mediators convert anandamide into a potent activator of the vanilloid type 1 transient receptor potential receptor in nociceptive primary sensory neurons. Neuroscience, 2005, 136(2), 539-548.
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.136 , Issue.2 , pp. 539-548
    • Singh Tahim, A.1    Santha, P.2    Nagy, I.3
  • 56
    • 0030330830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of the novel G protein-coupled receptor Gpr18 to distal mouse chromosome 14
    • Samuelson, L.C.; Swanberg, L.J.; Gantz, I. Mapping of the novel G protein-coupled receptor Gpr18 to distal mouse chromosome 14. Mamm. Genome, 1996, 7(12), 920-921.
    • (1996) Mamm. Genome , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. 920-921
    • Samuelson, L.C.1    Swanberg, L.J.2    Gantz, I.3
  • 57
    • 0031570670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and chromosomal localization of a gene (GPR18) encoding a novel seven transmembrane receptor highly expressed in spleen and testis
    • Gantz, I.; Muraoka, A.; Yang, Y.K.; Samuelson, L.C.; Zimmerman, E.M.; Cook, H.; Yamada, T. Cloning and chromosomal localization of a gene (GPR18) encoding a novel seven transmembrane receptor highly expressed in spleen and testis. Genomics, 1997, 42(3), 462-466.
    • (1997) Genomics , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 462-466
    • Gantz, I.1    Muraoka, A.2    Yang, Y.K.3    Samuelson, L.C.4    Zimmerman, E.M.5    Cook, H.6    Yamada, T.7
  • 58
    • 33746382543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18
    • Kohno, M.; Hasegawa, H.; Inoue, A.; Muraoka, M.; Miyazaki, T.; Oka, K.; Yasukawa, M. Identification of N-arachidonylglycine as the endogenous ligand for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR18. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006, 347(3), 827-832.
    • (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.347 , Issue.3 , pp. 827-832
    • Kohno, M.1    Hasegawa, H.2    Inoue, A.3    Muraoka, M.4    Miyazaki, T.5    Oka, K.6    Yasukawa, M.7
  • 60
    • 84884474728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In:, Pertwee, R.G., Ed.; Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany
    • Pertwee, R.G. In: Pharmacological Actions of Cannabinoids; Pertwee, R.G., Ed.; Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 2005, pp. 1-51.
    • (2005) Pharmacological Actions of Cannabinoids , pp. 1-51
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 61
    • 0033653297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and the cannabinoid receptors
    • Sugiura, T; Waku, K. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and the cannabinoid receptors. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 2000, 108(1-2), 89-106.
    • (2000) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.108 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 89-106
    • Sugiura, T.1    Waku, K.2
  • 62
    • 0036019386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis and degradation of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and their possible physiological significance
    • Sugiura, T.; Kobayashi, Y.;Oka, S; Waku, K. Biosynthesis and degradation of anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol and their possible physiological significance. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acid, 2002, 66(2-3), 173-192.
    • (2002) Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acid , vol.66 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 173-192
    • Sugiura, T.1    Kobayashi, Y.2    Oka, S.3    Waku, K.4
  • 65
    • 0034332637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acyl-dopamines: Novel synthetic CB(1) cannabinoid-receptor ligands and inhibitors of anandamide inactivation with cannabimimetic activity in vitro and in vivo
    • Bisogno, T.; Melck, D.; Bobrov, M.; Gretskaya, N.M.; Bezuglov, V.V.; De Petrocellis, L.; Di Marzo, V. N-acyl-dopamines: novel synthetic CB(1) cannabinoid-receptor ligands and inhibitors of anandamide inactivation with cannabimimetic activity in vitro and in vivo. Biochem. J., 2000, 351(3), 817-824.
    • (2000) Biochem. J. , vol.351 , Issue.3 , pp. 817-824
    • Bisogno, T.1    Melck, D.2    Bobrov, M.3    Gretskaya, N.M.4    Bezuglov, V.V.5    De Petrocellis, L.6    Di Marzo, V.7
  • 68
    • 1242294480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of a phospholipase D generating anandamide and its congeners
    • Okamoto, Y.; Morishita, J.; Tsuboi, K.; Tonai, T.; Ueda, N. Molecular characterization of a phospholipase D generating anandamide and its congeners. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279(7), 5298-5305.
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , Issue.7 , pp. 5298-5305
    • Okamoto, Y.1    Morishita, J.2    Tsuboi, K.3    Tonai, T.4    Ueda, N.5
  • 69
    • 33645935391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D reveals multiple mechanisms for the biosynthesis of endocannabinoids
    • Leung, D.; Saghatelian, A.; Simon, G.M.; Cravatt, B.F. Inactivation of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D reveals multiple mechanisms for the biosynthesis of endocannabinoids. Biochemistry, 2006, 45(15), 4720-4726.
    • (2006) Biochemistry , vol.45 , Issue.15 , pp. 4720-4726
    • Leung, D.1    Saghatelian, A.2    Simon, G.M.3    Cravatt, B.F.4
  • 70
    • 48249097797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids: Synthesis and degradation
    • Di Marzo, V. Endocannabinoids: synthesis and degradation. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2008, 160, 1-24.
    • (2008) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.160 , pp. 1-24
    • Di Marzo, V.1
  • 71
    • 69549128249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of endocannabinoid synthesis system
    • Wang, J; Ueda, N. Biology of endocannabinoid synthesis system. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2009, 89(3-4), 112-119.
    • (2009) Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. , vol.89 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 112-119
    • Wang, J.1    Ueda, N.2
  • 73
    • 33847702499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical enzymes involved in endocannabinoid metabolism
    • Basavarajappa, B.S. Critical enzymes involved in endocannabinoid metabolism. Protein Pept. Lett., 2007, 14(3), 237-246.
    • (2007) Protein Pept. Lett. , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-246
    • Basavarajappa, B.S.1
  • 74
    • 34548336389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A key role for diacylglycerol lipase-alpha in metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent endocannabinoid mobilization
    • Jung, K.M.; Astarita, G.; Zhu, C.; Wallace, M.; Mackie, K.; Piomelli, D. A key role for diacylglycerol lipase-alpha in metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent endocannabinoid mobilization. Mol. Pharmacol., 2007, 72(3), 612-621.
    • (2007) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 612-621
    • Jung, K.M.1    Astarita, G.2    Zhu, C.3    Wallace, M.4    Mackie, K.5    Piomelli, D.6
  • 75
    • 0030865871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional role of high-affinity anandamide transport, as revealed by selective inhibition
    • Beltramo, M.; Stella, N.; Calignano, A.; Lin, S.Y.; Makriyannis, A.; Piomelli, D. Functional role of high-affinity anandamide transport, as revealed by selective inhibition. Science, 1997, 277(5329), 1094-1097.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , Issue.5329 , pp. 1094-1097
    • Beltramo, M.1    Stella, N.2    Calignano, A.3    Lin, S.Y.4    Makriyannis, A.5    Piomelli, D.6
  • 78
    • 29344438047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UCM707, an inhibitor of the anandamide uptake, behaves as a symptom control agent in models of Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis, but fails to delay/arrest the progression of different motor-related disorders
    • de Lago, E.; Fernández-Ruiz, J.; Ortega-Gutiérrez, S.; Cabranes, A.; Pryce, G.; Baker, D.; López-Rodríguez, M.; Ramos, J.A. UCM707, an inhibitor of the anandamide uptake, behaves as a symptom control agent in models of Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis, but fails to delay/arrest the progression of different motor-related disorders. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol., 2006, 16(1), 7-18.
    • (2006) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-18
    • de Lago, E.1    Fernández-Ruiz, J.2    Ortega-Gutiérrez, S.3    Cabranes, A.4    Pryce, G.5    Baker, D.6    López-Rodríguez, M.7    Ramos, J.A.8
  • 81
    • 0034070409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships among Narachidonylethanolamine (Anandamide) head group analogues for the anandamide transporter
    • Jarrahian; A., Manna, S.; Edgemond, W.S.; Campbell, W. B; Hillard, C.J. Structure-activity relationships among Narachidonylethanolamine (Anandamide) head group analogues for the anandamide transporter. J. Neurochem., 2000, 74(6), 2597-2606.
    • (2000) J. Neurochem. , vol.74 , Issue.6 , pp. 2597-2606
    • Jarrahian, A.1    Manna, S.2    Edgemond, W.S.3    Campbell, W.B.4    Hillard, C.J.5
  • 82
  • 83
    • 0037192605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arvanil-induced inhibition of spasticity and persistent pain: Evidence for therapeutic sites of action different from the vanilloid VR1 receptor and cannabinoid CB(1)/CB(2) receptors
    • Brooks, J.W.; Pryce, G.; Bisogno, T.; Jagger, S.I.; Hankey, D.J.R.; Brown, P.; Bridges, D.; Ledent, C.; Bifulco, M.; Rice, A.S.; Di Marzo, V.; Baker, D. Arvanil-induced inhibition of spasticity and persistent pain: evidence for therapeutic sites of action different from the vanilloid VR1 receptor and cannabinoid CB(1)/CB(2) receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 439(1-3), 83-92.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.439 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 83-92
    • Brooks, J.W.1    Pryce, G.2    Bisogno, T.3    Jagger, S.I.4    Hankey, D.J.R.5    Brown, P.6    Bridges, D.7    Ledent, C.8    Bifulco, M.9    Rice, A.S.10    Di Marzo, V.11    Baker, D.12
  • 84
    • 0034644842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overlap between the ligand recognition properties of the anandamide transporter and the VR1 vanilloid receptor: Inhibitors of anandamide uptake with negligible capsaicin-like activity
    • De Petrocellis, L.; Bisogno, T.; Davis, J.B.; Pertwee, R.G.; Di Marzo, V. Overlap between the ligand recognition properties of the anandamide transporter and the VR1 vanilloid receptor: inhibitors of anandamide uptake with negligible capsaicin-like activity. FEBS Lett., 2000, 483(1), 52-56.
    • (2000) FEBS Lett. , vol.483 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-56
    • de Petrocellis, L.1    Bisogno, T.2    Davis, J.B.3    Pertwee, R.G.4    Di Marzo, V.5
  • 85
    • 0035924218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel arachidonic acid derivatives as highly potent and selective endocannabinoid transporter inhibitors
    • Lopez-Rodriguez, M.L.; Viso, A.; Ortega-Gutierrez, S.; Lastres-Becker, I.; Gonzalez, S.; Fernandez-Ruiz, J.; Ramos, J.A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel arachidonic acid derivatives as highly potent and selective endocannabinoid transporter inhibitors. J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44(26), 4505-4508.
    • (2001) J. Med. Chem. , vol.44 , Issue.26 , pp. 4505-4508
    • Lopez-Rodriguez, M.L.1    Viso, A.2    Ortega-Gutierrez, S.3    Lastres-Becker, I.4    Gonzalez, S.5    Fernandez-Ruiz, J.6    Ramos, J.A.7
  • 86
    • 0037542450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel selective and metabolically stable inhibitors of anandamide cellular uptake
    • Ortar, G.; Ligresti, A.; De Petrocellis, L.; Morera, E.; Di Marzo, V. Novel selective and metabolically stable inhibitors of anandamide cellular uptake. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2003, 65(9), 1473-1481.
    • (2003) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.65 , Issue.9 , pp. 1473-1481
    • Ortar, G.1    Ligresti, A.2    de Petrocellis, L.3    Morera, E.4    Di Marzo, V.5
  • 87
    • 0036850272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibition by cannabinoids of human 5-HT3A receptors: Probable involvement of an allosteric modulatory site
    • Barann, M.; Molderings, G.; Bruss, M.; Bonisch, H.; Urban, B.W.; Gothert, M. Direct inhibition by cannabinoids of human 5-HT3A receptors: probable involvement of an allosteric modulatory site. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 137(5), 589-596.
    • (2002) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.137 , Issue.5 , pp. 589-596
    • Barann, M.1    Molderings, G.2    Bruss, M.3    Bonisch, H.4    Urban, B.W.5    Gothert, M.6
  • 88
    • 65549113847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of intracellular carriers for the endocannabinoid anandamide
    • Kaczocha, M.; Glaser, S.T.; Deutsch, D.G. Identification of intracellular carriers for the endocannabinoid anandamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106(15), 6375-6380.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , Issue.15 , pp. 6375-6380
    • Kaczocha, M.1    Glaser, S.T.2    Deutsch, D.G.3
  • 90
    • 37149013708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive profile of brain enzymes that hydrolise the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol
    • Blankman, J.L.; Simon, G.M.; Cravatt B.F. A comprehensive profile of brain enzymes that hydrolise the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Chem. Biol., 2007, 14(12), 1347-1356.
    • (2007) Chem. Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 1347-1356
    • Blankman, J.L.1    Simon, G.M.2    Cravatt, B.F.3
  • 95
    • 0037207087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids and related fatty acid derivatives in pain modulation
    • Walker, J.M.; Krey, J. F; Chu, C.J.; Huang, S.M. Endocannabinoids and related fatty acid derivatives in pain modulation. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 2002, 121(1-2), 159-172.
    • (2002) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.121 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 159-172
    • Walker, J.M.1    Krey, J.F.2    Chu, C.J.3    Huang, S.M.4
  • 96
    • 2442510225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase exhibit a cannabinoid receptormediated phenotypic hypoalgesia
    • Lichtman, A.H.;Shelton, C.C.; Advani, T.; Cravatt, B.F. Mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase exhibit a cannabinoid receptormediated phenotypic hypoalgesia. Pain, 2004, 109(3), 319-327.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.109 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-327
    • Lichtman, A.H.1    Shelton, C.C.2    Advani, T.3    Cravatt, B.F.4
  • 99
    • 0030740514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Consroe, P.; Musty, R.; Rein, J.; Tillery, W.; Pertwee, R. The perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur. Neurol., 1997, 38(1), 44-48.
    • (1997) Eur. Neurol. , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-48
    • Consroe, P.1    Musty, R.2    Rein, J.3    Tillery, W.4    Pertwee, R.5
  • 100
    • 38349156729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and multiple sclerosis
    • Pertwee, R.G. Cannabinoids and multiple sclerosis. Mol. Neurobiol., 2007, 36(1), 45-59.
    • (2007) Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-59
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 102
    • 0035996216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effectiveness of oral treatments for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Paisley, S.; Beard, S.; Hunn, A.; Wight, J. Clinical effectiveness of oral treatments for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult. Scler., 2002, 8(4), 319-329.
    • (2002) Mult. Scler. , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-329
    • Paisley, S.1    Beard, S.2    Hunn, A.3    Wight, J.4
  • 103
    • 0034006988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs used to treat spasticity
    • Kita, M.; Goodkin, D.E. Drugs used to treat spasticity. Drugs, 2000, 59(3), 487-495.
    • (2000) Drugs , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 487-495
    • Kita, M.1    Goodkin, D.E.2
  • 104
    • 0028225585 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of spasticity
    • Brown, P. Pathophysiology of spasticity. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 1994, 57(7), 773-777.
    • (1994) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.57 , Issue.7 , pp. 773-777
    • Brown, P.1
  • 105
    • 27144522061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity after spinal cord injury
    • Adams, M.M.; Hicks, A.L. Spasticity after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 2005, 43(10), 577-586.
    • (2005) Spinal Cord , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 577-586
    • Adams, M.M.1    Hicks, A.L.2
  • 106
    • 33846453529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity--from a basic science point of view
    • Nielsen, J.B.; Crone, C.; Hultborn, H. The spinal pathophysiology of spasticity--from a basic science point of view. Acta Physiol., 2007, 189(2), 171-180.
    • (2007) Acta Physiol. , vol.189 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-180
    • Nielsen, J.B.1    Crone, C.2    Hultborn, H.3
  • 109
    • 33847119449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, cannabinoidreceptors
    • 2, cannabinoidreceptors. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2007, 150(4), 519-525.
    • (2007) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.150 , Issue.4 , pp. 519-525
    • Pryce, G.1    Baker, D.2
  • 110
    • 4344585483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis
    • Brady, C.M.; DasGupta, R.;Dalton, C.; Wiseman, O.J.;Berkley, K.J.; Fowler, C.J. An open-label pilot study of cannabis-based extracts for bladder dysfunction in advanced multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler., 2004, 10(4), 425-433.
    • (2004) Mult. Scler. , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-433
    • Brady, C.M.1    DasGupta, R.2    Dalton, C.3    Wiseman, O.J.4    Berkley, K.J.5    Fowler, C.J.6
  • 111
    • 78349253181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of Sativex to treat detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis
    • Kavia, R.B.; De Ridder, D.; Constantinescu, C.S.; Stott, C.G.; Fowler, C.J. Randomized controlled trial of Sativex to treat detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler., 2010, 16(11), 1349-1359.
    • (2010) Mult. Scler. , vol.16 , Issue.11 , pp. 1349-1359
    • Kavia, R.B.1    de Ridder, D.2    Constantinescu, C.S.3    Stott, C.G.4    Fowler, C.J.5
  • 112
    • 33750037938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: A multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS)
    • Freeman, R.M.; Adekanmi, O.; Waterfield, M.R.; Waterfield, A.E.; Wright, D.; Zajicek, J. The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS). Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct., 2006, 17(6), 636-641.
    • (2006) Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 636-641
    • Freeman, R.M.1    Adekanmi, O.2    Waterfield, M.R.3    Waterfield, A.E.4    Wright, D.5    Zajicek, J.6
  • 114
    • 0242654882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK MS Research Group. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): Multicentre randomised placebocontrolled trial
    • Zajicek, J.; Fox, P.; Sanders, H.; Wright, D.; Vickery, J.; Nunn, A.; Thompson A.; UK MS Research Group. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebocontrolled trial. Lancet, 2003, 362(9395), 1517-1526.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9395 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Zajicek, J.1    Fox, P.2    Sanders, H.3    Wright, D.4    Vickery, J.5    Nunn, A.6    Thompson, A.7
  • 115
    • 4344582253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients
    • Wade, D.T.; Makela, P.; Robson, P.; House, H.; Bateman, C. Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult. Scler., 2004, 10(4), 434-441.
    • (2004) Mult. Scler. , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 434-441
    • Wade, D.T.1    Makela, P.2    Robson, P.3    House, H.4    Bateman, C.5
  • 116
    • 4344571664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • Vaney, C.; Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, M.; Jobin, P.; Tschopp, F.; Gattlen, B.; Hagen, U.; Schnelle, M.; Reif, M. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Mult. Scler., 2004, 10(4), 417-424.
    • (2004) Mult. Scler. , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-424
    • Vaney, C.1    Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, M.2    Jobin, P.3    Tschopp, F.4    Gattlen, B.5    Hagen, U.6    Schnelle, M.7    Reif, M.8
  • 118
    • 33745025055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms in multiple sclerosis
    • Wade, D.T.; Makela, P.M.; House, H.; Bateman, C.; Robson, P. Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler., 2006, 12(5), 639-645.
    • (2006) Mult. Scler. , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 639-645
    • Wade, D.T.1    Makela, P.M.2    House, H.3    Bateman, C.4    Robson, P.5
  • 119
    • 33847766180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sativex Spasticity in MS Study Group. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis
    • Collin, C.; Davies, P.; Mutiboko, I.K.; Ratcliffe, S. Sativex Spasticity in MS Study Group. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol., 2007, 14(3), 290-296.
    • (2007) Eur. J. Neurol. , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 290-296
    • Collin, C.1    Davies, P.2    Mutiboko, I.K.3    Ratcliffe, S.4
  • 120
    • 84856757851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomised withdrawal study of subjects with symptoms of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis who are receiving long-term Sativex(R) (nabiximols)
    • Notcutt, W.; Langford, R.; Davies, P.; Ratcliffe S.; Potts, R. A placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomised withdrawal study of subjects with symptoms of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis who are receiving long-term Sativex(R) (nabiximols). Mult. Scler., 2012, 18(2), 219-228.
    • (2012) Mult. Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-228
    • Notcutt, W.1    Langford, R.2    Davies, P.3    Ratcliffe, S.4    Potts, R.5
  • 122
    • 0037255987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids
    • Grotenhermen, F. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 2003, 42(4), 327-360.
    • (2003) Clin. Pharmacokinet. , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 327-360
    • Grotenhermen, F.1
  • 123
    • 68649086665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of a comparison between a patient scored numeric rating scale and clinician scored measures of spasticity in multiple sclerosis
    • Anwar, K.;Barnes, M.P. A pilot study of a comparison between a patient scored numeric rating scale and clinician scored measures of spasticity in multiple sclerosis. NeuroRehabilitation, 2009, 24(4), 333-340.
    • (2009) NeuroRehabilitation , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 333-340
    • Anwar, K.1    Barnes, M.P.2
  • 126
    • 0022921460 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids with emphasis on man
    • Agurell, S.; Halldin, M.; Lindgren, J.E.; Ohlsson, A.; Widman, M.; Gillespie, H.; Hollister, L. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids with emphasis on man. Pharmacol. Rev., 1986, 38(1), 21-43.
    • (1986) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-43
    • Agurell, S.1    Halldin, M.2    Lindgren, J.E.3    Ohlsson, A.4    Widman, M.5    Gillespie, H.6    Hollister, L.7
  • 128
    • 0037308982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): No influence on neuropsychological performance
    • Muller-Vahl, K.R.; Prevedel, H.; Theloe, K.; Kolbe, H.; Emrich, H.M.; Schneider, U. Treatment of Tourette syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC): no influence on neuropsychological performance. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2003, 28(2), 384-388.
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 384-388
    • Muller-Vahl, K.R.1    Prevedel, H.2    Theloe, K.3    Kolbe, H.4    Emrich, H.M.5    Schneider, U.6
  • 129
    • 79954454737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cannabis on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Honarmand, K.; Tierney, M.C.; O'Connor, P.; Feinstein, A. Effects of cannabis on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 2011, 76(13), 1153-1160.
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.13 , pp. 1153-1160
    • Honarmand, K.1    Tierney, M.C.2    O'Connor, P.3    Feinstein, A.4
  • 130
    • 67749127624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychopathological and cognitive effects of therapeutic cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: A double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study
    • Aragona, M.; Onesti, E.; Tomassini, V.; Conte, A.; Gupta, S.; Gilio, F.; Pantano, P.; Pozzilli, C.; Inghilleri, M. Psychopathological and cognitive effects of therapeutic cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study. Clin. Neuropharmacol., 2009, 32(1), 41-47.
    • (2009) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Aragona, M.1    Onesti, E.2    Tomassini, V.3    Conte, A.4    Gupta, S.5    Gilio, F.6    Pantano, P.7    Pozzilli, C.8    Inghilleri, M.9
  • 131
    • 0037029424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple Sclerosis
    • Compston, A.; Coles, A. Multiple Sclerosis. Lancet, 2002, 359(9313), 1221-1231.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , Issue.9313 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 132
    • 0031031557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis, uptake, and degradation of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in leukocytes
    • Bisogno.T.; Maurelli, S.; Melck, D.; De Petrocellis, L.; Di Marzo, V. Biosynthesis, uptake, and degradation of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide in leukocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272(6), 3315-3323.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , Issue.6 , pp. 3315-3323
    • Bisogno, T.1    Maurelli, S.2    Melck, D.3    de Petrocellis, L.4    Di Marzo, V.5
  • 133
    • 18844400058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics
    • Klein, T.W. Cannabinoid-based drugs as anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Nat. Rev. Immunol., 2005, 5(5), 400-411.
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 400-411
    • Klein, T.W.1
  • 134
    • 0036889699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in activated human T cells
    • Yuan, M.; Kiertscher, S.M.;Cheng, Q.; Zoumalan, R.; Tashkin, D.P.; Roth, M.D. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in activated human T cells. J. Neuroimmunol., 2002, 133(1-2), 124-131.
    • (2002) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.133 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 124-131
    • Yuan, M.1    Kiertscher, S.M.2    Cheng, Q.3    Zoumalan, R.4    Tashkin, D.P.5    Roth, M.D.6
  • 135
    • 0024596492 scopus 로고
    • Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: A novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Lyman, W.D.; Sonett, J.R.; Brosnan, C.F.; Elkin, R.; Bornstein, M.B. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a novel treatment for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol., 1989, 23(1), 73-81.
    • (1989) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-81
    • Lyman, W.D.1    Sonett, J.R.2    Brosnan, C.F.3    Elkin, R.4    Bornstein, M.B.5
  • 140
    • 0037397037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55, 212
    • Croxford, J.L.; Miller, S.D. Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55, 212. J. Clin. Invest., 2003, 111(8), 1231-1240.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.111 , Issue.8 , pp. 1231-1240
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 142
    • 17144462251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic action of cannabinoids in a murine model of multiple sclerosis
    • Arevalo-Martin, A.; Vela, J.M.; Molina-Holgado, E.;Borrell, J.; Guaza, C. Therapeutic action of cannabinoids in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosci., 2003, 23(7), 2511-2516.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 2511-2516
    • Arevalo-Martin, A.1    Vela, J.M.2    Molina-Holgado, E.3    Borrell, J.4    Guaza, C.5
  • 144
    • 33646508077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression by WIN55212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, of inflammatory reactions in mouse ear: Interference with the actions of an endogenous ligand, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
    • Oka S.; Wakui, J.; Gokoh, M.; Kishimoto, S; Sugiura, T. Suppression by WIN55212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, of inflammatory reactions in mouse ear: Interference with the actions of an endogenous ligand, 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2006, 538(1-3), 154-162.
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.538 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 154-162
    • Oka, S.1    Wakui, J.2    Gokoh, M.3    Kishimoto, S.4    Sugiura, T.5
  • 145
    • 0016135872 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance to the effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol on corticosterone levels in mouse plasma produced by repeated administration of cannabis extract or delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol
    • Pertwee, R.G. Tolerance to the effect of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol on corticosterone levels in mouse plasma produced by repeated administration of cannabis extract or delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1974, 51(3), 391-397.
    • (1974) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-397
    • Pertwee, R.G.1
  • 146
    • 0030793625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids
    • Bolton, C.; O'Neill, J.K.; Allen, S.J.; Baker, D. Regulation of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1997, 114(1), 74-80.
    • (1997) Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. , vol.114 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-80
    • Bolton, C.1    O'Neill, J.K.2    Allen, S.J.3    Baker, D.4
  • 147
    • 0037207092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human immune function and host defense
    • Roth, M.D.; Baldwin, G.C.; Tashkin, D.P. Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human immune function and host defense. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 2002, 121(1-2), 229-239.
    • (2002) Chem. Phys. Lipids , vol.121 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 229-239
    • Roth, M.D.1    Baldwin, G.C.2    Tashkin, D.P.3
  • 150
    • 20444487825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid influence on cytokine profile in multiple sclerosis
    • Katona S.; Kaminski, E.; Sanders, H.; Zajicek, J. Cannabinoid influence on cytokine profile in multiple sclerosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2005, 140(3), 580-585.
    • (2005) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.140 , Issue.3 , pp. 580-585
    • Katona, S.1    Kaminski, E.2    Sanders, H.3    Zajicek, J.4
  • 151
  • 152
    • 44649195035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic deletion of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase results in improved long-term outcome in chronic autoimmune encephalitis
    • Webb, M.; Luo, L.; Ma, J.Y.; Tham, C.S. Genetic deletion of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase results in improved long-term outcome in chronic autoimmune encephalitis. Neurosci. Lett., 2008, 439(1), 106-110.
    • (2008) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.439 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-110
    • Webb, M.1    Luo, L.2    Ma, J.Y.3    Tham, C.S.4
  • 158
    • 33645224970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COX-2, CB2 and P2X7-immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord
    • Yiangou, Y.; Facer, P.; Durrenberger, P.; Chessell, I.P.; Naylor, A.; Bountra, C.; Banati, R.R.; Anand, P. COX-2, CB2 and P2X7-immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord. BMC Neurol., 2006, 6, 12.
    • (2006) BMC Neurol. , vol.6 , pp. 12
    • Yiangou, Y.1    Facer, P.2    Durrenberger, P.3    Chessell, I.P.4    Naylor, A.5    Bountra, C.6    Banati, R.R.7    Anand, P.8
  • 159
    • 33847420442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are specific markers of plaque cell subtypes in human multiple sclerosis
    • Benito, C.; Romero, J.P.; Tolon, R.M.; Clemente, D.; Docagne, F.; Hillard, C.J.; Guaza, C.;Romero, J. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are specific markers of plaque cell subtypes in human multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosci., 2007, 27(9), 2396-2402.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 2396-2402
    • Benito, C.1    Romero, J.P.2    Tolon, R.M.3    Clemente, D.4    Docagne, F.5    Hillard, C.J.6    Guaza, C.7    Romero, J.8
  • 160
    • 13244283049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid WIN55, 212-2 inhibits generation of inflammatory mediators by IL-1beta-stimulated human astrocytes
    • Sheng, W.S.; Hu, S.;Min, X.; Cabral, G.A.; Lokensgard, J, R.; Peterson, P.K. Synthetic cannabinoid WIN55, 212-2 inhibits generation of inflammatory mediators by IL-1beta-stimulated human astrocytes. Glia, 2005, 49(2), 211-219.
    • (2005) Glia , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-219
    • Sheng, W.S.1    Hu, S.2    Min, X.3    Cabral, G.A.4    Lokensgard, J.R.5    Peterson, P.K.6
  • 162
    • 0032982520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) mediates inhibition of nitric oxide production by rat microglial cells
    • Waksman, Y.; Olson, J.M.; Carlisle, S.J.; Cabral, G.A. The central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) mediates inhibition of nitric oxide production by rat microglial cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1999, 288(3), 1357-1366.
    • (1999) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.288 , Issue.3 , pp. 1357-1366
    • Waksman, Y.1    Olson, J.M.2    Carlisle, S.J.3    Cabral, G.A.4
  • 164
    • 0033561159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in global and focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures
    • Nagayama, T.; Sinor, A.D.; Simon, R.P.; Chen, J.; Graham, S.H.; Jin, K.; Greenberg, D.A. Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in global and focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures. J. Neurosci., 1999, 19(8), 2987-2995.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 2987-2995
    • Nagayama, T.1    Sinor, A.D.2    Simon, R.P.3    Chen, J.4    Graham, S.H.5    Jin, K.6    Greenberg, D.A.7
  • 165
    • 0032493197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol and (-) Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants
    • Hampson, A.J.; Grimaldi, M.; Axelrod, J.; Wink, D. Cannabidiol and (-) Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, 95(14), 8268-8273.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , Issue.14 , pp. 8268-8273
    • Hampson, A.J.1    Grimaldi, M.2    Axelrod, J.3    Wink, D.4
  • 166
    • 0035979606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor protects cultured mouse spinal neurons against excitotoxicity
    • Abood, M.E.; Rizvi, G.; Sallapudi, N.; McAllister S.D. Activation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor protects cultured mouse spinal neurons against excitotoxicity, Neurosci. Lett., 2001, 309(3), 197-201.
    • (2001) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.309 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-201
    • Abood, M.E.1    Rizvi, G.2    Sallapudi, N.3    McAllister, S.D.4
  • 167
    • 0031911402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cannabinoid agonist Win55, 212-2 inhibits calcium channels by receptor-mediated and direct pathways in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    • Shen, M.; Thayer, S.A. The cannabinoid agonist Win55, 212-2 inhibits calcium channels by receptor-mediated and direct pathways in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res., 1998, 783(1), 77-84.
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.783 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-84
    • Shen, M.1    Thayer, S.A.2
  • 168
    • 34249781999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of axonal and neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis
    • Dutta, R.; Trapp, B.D. Pathogenesis of axonal and neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 2007, 68(22 Suppl 3), S22-S31.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.22 SUPPL. 3
    • Dutta, R.1    Trapp, B.D.2
  • 170
    • 0036317952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor function protects against in vivo disseminating brain damage following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity
    • Hansen, H.H., Azcoitia, I., Pons, S., Romero, J., Garcia-Segura, L.M., Ramos, J.A., Hansen, H.S.; Fernandez-Ruiz, J. Blockade of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor function protects against in vivo disseminating brain damage following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. J. Neurochem., 2002, 82(1), 154-158.
    • (2002) J. Neurochem. , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 154-158
    • Hansen, H.H.1    Azcoitia, I.2    Pons, S.3    Romero, J.4    Garcia-Segura, L.M.5    Ramos, J.A.6    Hansen, H.S.7    Fernandez-Ruiz, J.8
  • 171
    • 33845683331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice
    • Bilsland, L.G.; Dick, J.R.; Pryce, G.; Petrosino, S.; Di Marzo, V.; Baker, D.; Greensmith, L. Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice. FASEB J., 2006, 20(7), 1003-1005.
    • (2006) FASEB J. , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 1003-1005
    • Bilsland, L.G.1    Dick, J.R.2    Pryce, G.3    Petrosino, S.4    Di Marzo, V.5    Baker, D.6    Greensmith, L.7
  • 172
    • 33947583201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxicity in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis: Neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation
    • Docagne, F.; Muneton, V.; Clemente, D.; Ali, C.; Loria, F.; Correa, F.; Hernangomez, M.; Mestre, L.; Vivien, D.; Guaza, C. Excitotoxicity in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis: Neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation. Mol. Cell Neurosci., 2007, 34(4), 551-561.
    • (2007) Mol. Cell Neurosci. , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 551-561
    • Docagne, F.1    Muneton, V.2    Clemente, D.3    Ali, C.4    Loria, F.5    Correa, F.6    Hernangomez, M.7    Mestre, L.8    Vivien, D.9    Guaza, C.10
  • 173
    • 77955922748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and molecular consequences of chronic cannabinoid treatment in Huntington's disease transgenic mice
    • Dowie, M.J.; Howard, M.L.; Nicholson, L.F.; Faull, R.L.; Hannan, A.J.; Glass, M. Behavioural and molecular consequences of chronic cannabinoid treatment in Huntington's disease transgenic mice. Neuroscience, 2010, 170(1), 324-336.
    • (2010) Neuroscience , vol.170 , Issue.1 , pp. 324-336
    • Dowie, M.J.1    Howard, M.L.2    Nicholson, L.F.3    Faull, R.L.4    Hannan, A.J.5    Glass, M.6
  • 174
    • 68349152770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease
    • Dowie, M.J.; Bradshaw, H.B.; Howard, M.L.; Nicholson, L.F.; Faull, R.L.; Hannan, A.J.; Glass, M. Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience, 2009, 163(1), 456-465.
    • (2009) Neuroscience , vol.163 , Issue.1 , pp. 456-465
    • Dowie, M.J.1    Bradshaw, H.B.2    Howard, M.L.3    Nicholson, L.F.4    Faull, R.L.5    Hannan, A.J.6    Glass, M.7
  • 176
    • 75149143439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in glutamate transport and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat brain during acute phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Sulkowski, G.; Dabrowska-Bouta, B.; Kwiatkowska-Patzer, B.; Struzyska, L. Alterations in glutamate transport and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat brain during acute phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Folia. Neuropathol., 2009, 47(4), 329-337.
    • (2009) Folia. Neuropathol. , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 329-337
    • Sulkowski, G.1    Dabrowska-Bouta, B.2    Kwiatkowska-Patzer, B.3    Struzyska, L.4
  • 177
    • 78651291577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of glutamate release in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Marte, A.; Cavallero, A.; Morando, S.; Uccelli, A.; Raiteri, M.; Fedele, E. Alterations of glutamate release in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neurochem., 2010, 115(2), 343-352.
    • (2010) J. Neurochem. , vol.115 , Issue.2 , pp. 343-352
    • Marte, A.1    Cavallero, A.2    Morando, S.3    Uccelli, A.4    Raiteri, M.5    Fedele, E.6
  • 178
    • 0033958462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis
    • Pitt, D.; Werner, P.; Raine, C.S. Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis. Nat. Med., 2000, 6(1), 67-70.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-70
    • Pitt, D.1    Werner, P.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 179
    • 0033963231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune encephalomyelitis ameliorated by AMPA antagonists
    • Smith, T.; Groom, A.; Zhu, B; Turski, L. Autoimmune encephalomyelitis ameliorated by AMPA antagonists. Nat. Med., 2000 6(1), 62-66.
    • (2000) Nat. Med. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-66
    • Smith, T.1    Groom, A.2    Zhu, B.3    Turski, L.4
  • 180
    • 0031148953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate metabolism is downregulated in astrocytes during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Hardin-Pouzet, H.; Krakowski, M.; Bourbonniere, L.; Didier-Bazes, M.; Tran, E.; Owens, T. Glutamate metabolism is downregulated in astrocytes during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Glia, 1997, 20(1), 79-85.
    • (1997) Glia , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-85
    • Hardin-Pouzet, H.1    Krakowski, M.2    Bourbonniere, L.3    Didier-Bazes, M.4    Tran, E.5    Owens, T.6
  • 184
    • 0034633772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory neuron-specific sodium channel SNS is abnormally expressed in the brains of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and humans with multiple sclerosis
    • Black, J.A.; Dib-Hajj, S.; Baker, D.; Newcombe, J.; Cuzner, M.L.; Waxman, S.G. Sensory neuron-specific sodium channel SNS is abnormally expressed in the brains of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and humans with multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97(21), 11598-11602.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , Issue.21 , pp. 11598-11602
    • Black, J.A.1    Dib-Hajj, S.2    Baker, D.3    Newcombe, J.4    Cuzner, M.L.5    Waxman, S.G.6
  • 185
    • 0035954344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired channelopathies in nerve injury and MS
    • Waxman, S.G. Acquired channelopathies in nerve injury and MS. Neurology, 2001, 56(12), 1621-1627.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.12 , pp. 1621-1627
    • Waxman, S.G.1
  • 186
    • 0036840008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for caspase-1 and-3 in the pathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Inflammation versus degeneration
    • Ahmed, Z.; Doward, A.I.; Pryce, G.; Taylor, D.L.; Pocock, J.M.; Leonard, J.P.; Baker, D.; Cuzner M.L. A role for caspase-1 and-3 in the pathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: inflammation versus degeneration. Am. J. Pathol., 2002, 161(5), 1577-1586.
    • (2002) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.161 , Issue.5 , pp. 1577-1586
    • Ahmed, Z.1    Doward, A.I.2    Pryce, G.3    Taylor, D.L.4    Pocock, J.M.5    Leonard, J.P.6    Baker, D.7    Cuzner, M.L.8
  • 187
    • 22144480216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune tolerance eliminates relapses but fails to halt progression in a model of multiple sclerosis
    • Pryce, G.; O'Neill, J.K.; Croxford, J.L.; Amor, S.; Hankey, D.J.; East, E.; Giovannoni, G.; Baker, D. Autoimmune tolerance eliminates relapses but fails to halt progression in a model of multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol., 2005, 165(1-2), 41-52.
    • (2005) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.165 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 41-52
    • Pryce, G.1    O'Neill, J.K.2    Croxford, J.L.3    Amor, S.4    Hankey, D.J.5    East, E.6    Giovannoni, G.7    Baker, D.8
  • 189
    • 21744455710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor null mice are susceptible to neurofilament damage and caspase 3 activation
    • Jackson, S.J.; Pryce, G.; Diemel, D.T.; Baker, D. Cannabinoid receptor null mice are susceptible to neurofilament damage and caspase 3 activation. Neuroscience, 2005, 134(1), 261-268.
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.134 , Issue.1 , pp. 261-268
    • Jackson, S.J.1    Pryce, G.2    Diemel, D.T.3    Baker, D.4
  • 190
    • 80052029691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase Devidence for altered expression in multiple sclerosis
    • Zhang, H; Hilton, D. A; Hanemann, C. O; Zajicek, J. Cannabinoid receptor and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase Devidence for altered expression in multiple sclerosis. Brain Pathol., 2011, 21(5), 544-557.
    • (2011) Brain Pathol. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 544-557
    • Zhang, H.1    Hilton, D.A.2    Hanemann, C.O.3    Zajicek, J.4
  • 191
    • 33746964933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in CB1 receptors in motor-related brain structures of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice
    • Cabranes, A.; Pryce, G.; Baker, D.; Fernandez-Ruiz, J. Changes in CB1 receptors in motor-related brain structures of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice. Brain Res., 2006, 1107(1), 199-205.
    • (2006) Brain Res. , vol.1107 , Issue.1 , pp. 199-205
    • Cabranes, A.1    Pryce, G.2    Baker, D.3    Fernandez-Ruiz, J.4
  • 192
    • 0036488182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids against oxidative stress: Role of the cannabinoid receptor CB1
    • Marsicano, G.; Moosmann, B.; Hermann, H.; Lutz, B.; Behl, C. Neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids against oxidative stress: role of the cannabinoid receptor CB1. J. Neurochem., 2002, 80(3), 448-456.
    • (2002) J. Neurochem. , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 448-456
    • Marsicano, G.1    Moosmann, B.2    Hermann, H.3    Lutz, B.4    Behl, C.5
  • 193
    • 1842510018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on beta-amyloidinduced toxicity in PC12 cells
    • Iuvone, T.; Esposito, G.; Esposito, R.; Santamaria, R.; Di Rosa, M.; Izzo, A.A. Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a nonpsychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on beta-amyloidinduced toxicity in PC12 cells. J. Neurochem., 2004, 89(1), 134-141.
    • (2004) J. Neurochem. , vol.89 , Issue.1 , pp. 134-141
    • Iuvone, T.1    Esposito, G.2    Esposito, R.3    Santamaria, R.4    Di Rosa, M.5    Izzo, A.A.6
  • 194
    • 33746878286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal cytoskeleton and synaptic densities are altered after a chronic treatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55, 212-2
    • Tagliaferro, P.; Javier Ramos, A.;Onaivi, E.S.; Evrard, S.G.; Lujilde, J.; Brusco, A. Neuronal cytoskeleton and synaptic densities are altered after a chronic treatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55, 212-2. Brain Res., 2006, 1085(1), 163-176.
    • (2006) Brain Res. , vol.1085 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-176
    • Tagliaferro, P.1    Javier Ramos, A.2    Onaivi, E.S.3    Evrard, S.G.4    Lujilde, J.5    Brusco, A.6
  • 196
    • 0034674520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of nuclear factor-kB in the spinal cord of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
    • Pahan, K.; Schmid, M. Activation of nuclear factor-kB in the spinal cord of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurosci. Lett., 2000, 287(1), 17-20.
    • (2000) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.287 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-20
    • Pahan, K.1    Schmid, M.2
  • 197
    • 27744460312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic cannabinoid R(+)WIN 55, 212-2 inhibits the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in human astrocytes in a cannabinoid receptor-independent manner
    • Curran, N.M.; Griffin, B.D.; O'Toole, D.; Brady, K.J.; Fitzgerald, S.N.; Moynagh, P.N. The synthetic cannabinoid R(+)WIN 55, 212-2 inhibits the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in human astrocytes in a cannabinoid receptor-independent manner. J. Biol. Chem., 2005, 280(43), 35797-35806.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , Issue.43 , pp. 35797-35806
    • Curran, N.M.1    Griffin, B.D.2    O'Toole, D.3    Brady, K.J.4    Fitzgerald, S.N.5    Moynagh, P.N.6
  • 199
    • 33646142292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid 2-AG protects the blood-brain barrier after closed head injury and inhibits mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines
    • Panikashvili, D.; Shein, N.A.; Mechoulam, R.; Trembovler, V.; Kohen, R.; Alexandrovich, A.; Shohami, E. The endocannabinoid 2-AG protects the blood-brain barrier after closed head injury and inhibits mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Neurobiol. Dis., 2006, 22(2), 257-264.
    • (2006) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 257-264
    • Panikashvili, D.1    Shein, N.A.2    Mechoulam, R.3    Trembovler, V.4    Kohen, R.5    Alexandrovich, A.6    Shohami, E.7
  • 200
    • 14244264502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: Neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation
    • Ramirez, B.G.; Blazquez, C.; Gomez del Pulgar, T.; Guzman, M.; de Ceballos, M.L. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation. J. Neurosci., 2005, 25(8), 1904-1913.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 1904-1913
    • Ramirez, B.G.1    Blazquez, C.2    Gomez del Pulgar, T.3    Guzman, M.4    de Ceballos, M.L.5
  • 201
    • 0028589390 scopus 로고
    • Formation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in central neurons
    • Di Marzo, V.; Fontana, A.; Cadas, H.; Schinelli, S.; Cimino, G.; Schwartz, J.C.; Piomelli, D. Formation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in central neurons. Nature, 1994, 372(6507), 686-691.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , Issue.6507 , pp. 686-691
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Fontana, A.2    Cadas, H.3    Schinelli, S.4    Cimino, G.5    Schwartz, J.C.6    Piomelli, D.7
  • 205
    • 12844263079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking cannabinoid activation of FAK and ERK1/2 compromises synaptic integrity in hippocampus
    • Karanian, D.A.; Brown, Q.B.; Makriyannis, A.;Bahr, B.A. Blocking cannabinoid activation of FAK and ERK1/2 compromises synaptic integrity in hippocampus. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2005, 508(1-3), 47-56.
    • (2005) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.508 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 47-56
    • Karanian, D.A.1    Brown, Q.B.2    Makriyannis, A.3    Bahr, B.A.4
  • 206
    • 23944432405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual modulation of endocannabinoid transport and fatty acid amide hydrolase protects against excitotoxicity
    • Karanian, D.A.; Brown, Q.B.; Makriyannis, A.; Kosten, T.A.; Bahr, B.A. Dual modulation of endocannabinoid transport and fatty acid amide hydrolase protects against excitotoxicity. J. Neurosci., 2005, 25(34), 7813-7820.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , Issue.34 , pp. 7813-7820
    • Karanian, D.A.1    Brown, Q.B.2    Makriyannis, A.3    Kosten, T.A.4    Bahr, B.A.5
  • 207
    • 33745164608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids: A new family of lipid mediators involved in the regulation of neural cell development
    • Galve-Roperh, I.; Aguado, T.; Rueda, D.; Velasco, G.; Guzman, M. Endocannabinoids: a new family of lipid mediators involved in the regulation of neural cell development. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2006, 12(18), 2319-2325.
    • (2006) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.12 , Issue.18 , pp. 2319-2325
    • Galve-Roperh, I.1    Aguado, T.2    Rueda, D.3    Velasco, G.4    Guzman, M.5
  • 208
  • 211
    • 34047156445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system and neurogenesis in health and disease
    • Galve-Roperh, I.; Aguado, T.; Palazuelos, J.; Guzman, M. The endocannabinoid system and neurogenesis in health and disease. Neuroscientist, 2007, 13(2), 109-114.
    • (2007) Neuroscientist , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-114
    • Galve-Roperh, I.1    Aguado, T.2    Palazuelos, J.3    Guzman, M.4
  • 215
    • 84999905115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor agonists modulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by activating PI3K/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways
    • Gomez, O.; Sanchez-Rodriguez, A.; Le, M.; Sanchez-Caro, C.; Molina-Holgado, F.; Molina-Holgado, E. Cannabinoid receptor agonists modulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by activating PI3K/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 163(7), 1520-1532.
    • (2011) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.163 , Issue.7 , pp. 1520-1532
    • Gomez, O.1    Sanchez-Rodriguez, A.2    Le, M.3    Sanchez-Caro, C.4    Molina-Holgado, F.5    Molina-Holgado, E.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.