Interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines: Role in Type 2 Diabetes

Clinica Chimica Acta

Volumn 413, Issue 15-16, 2012, Pages 1163-1170

  Banerjee, Monisha ^a   Saxena, Madhukar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW   (India)

Author keywords

Cytokines; IL 1 family; IL 1 gene polymorphisms; Mode of action; Type 2 Diabetes

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED KINASE 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 18; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA;

CYTOKINE RELEASE; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; DIABETOGENESIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; GENE; GENE FUNCTION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC CODE; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; IL 18 GENE; IL 1ALPHA GENE; IL 1BETA GENE; IL 1R1 GENE; IL 1R2 GENE; IL 1RA GENE; IL1RAP GENE; IMMUNOREGULATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SYNTHESIS; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HUMANS; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN-1; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN-18; INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-1BETA; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; RECEPTORS, INTERLEUKIN-1;

EID: 84861329882     PISSN: 00098981     EISSN: 18733492     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.03.021     Document Type: Review

References (149)

1. Stanley A.C., Lacy P. Pathways for cytokine secretion. Physiology 2010, 25:218-229.
2. Opal S.M., Depalo V.A. Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000, 117:1162-1172.
3. Dinarello C.A. Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 1996, 87:2095-2147.
4. Watkins L.R., Maier S. Cytokines and Pain 1999, Birkhauser Verlag, P.O.Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland.
5. Bianchi M., Dib B., Panerai A.E. Interleukin-1 and nociception in the rat. J Neurosci Res 1998, 53:645-650.
6. Inoui A. Cytokines and sickness behavior: implications from knockout animal models. Trends Immunol 2001, 22:469-473.
7. Tsang Y.T., Neelamegham S., Hu Y., et al. Synergy between L-selectin signaling and chemotactic activation during neutrophil adhesion and transmigration. J Immunol 1997, 159:4566-4577.
8. Tocci M.J., Schmidt J.A. Interleukin-1: structure and function. Cytokines in Health and Disease 1997, 1-27. Marcel Dekker, New York. 2nd ed. D.G. Remick, J.S. Friedland (Eds.).
9. Dinarello C.A., Wolff S.M. The role of interleukin-1 in disease. N Engl J Med 1993, 328:106-113.
10. Dinarello C.A. The interleukin-1 family: 10 years of discovery. FASEB J 1994, 8:1314-1325.
11. Hannum C., Wilcox C., Arend W., et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist activity of an interleukin-1 inhibitor. Nature 1990, 344:336-341.
12. Arend W.P. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist. A new member of the interleukin 1 family. J Clin Invest 1991, 88:1445-1451.
13. Dinarello C.A., Thompson R.C. Blocking IL-1: interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Immunol Today 1991, 12:404-410.
14. Eisenberg S.P., Brewer M.T., Verderber E., et al. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is a member of the interleukin-1 gene family: evolution of a cytokine control mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991, 88:5232-5236.
15. Steinkasserer A., Spurr N.K., Cox S., Jeggo P., Sim R.B. The human IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) maps to chromosome 2q14-q21, in the region of the IL-1 and IL-1 beta loci. Genomics 1992, 13:654-657.
16. Mantovani A., Locati M., Vecchi A., Sozzani S., Allaven P. Decoy receptors: a strategy to regulate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Trends Immunol 2001, 22:328-336.
17. Sims J.E., Painter S.L., Gow I.R. Genomic organization of the type I and type II IL-1 receptors. Cytokine 1995, 7:483-490.
18. Dunn E., Sims J.E., Nicklin M.J.H., O'Neill L.A.J. Annotating genes with potential roles in the immune system: six new members of the IL-1 family. Trends Immunol 2001, 22:533-536.
19. Busfield S.J., Comrack C.A., Yu G., et al. Identification and gene organization of three novel members of the IL-1 family on human chromosome 2. Genomics 2000, 66:213-216.
20. Kumar S., McDonnell P.C., Lehr R., et al. Identification and initial characterization of four novel members of the interleukin-1 family. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:10308-10314.
21. Smith D.E., Renshaw B.R., Ketchem R.R., et al. Four new members expand the interleukin-1 superfamily. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:1169-1175.
22. Stevenson F.T., Turck J., Locksley R.M., Lovett D.H. The N-terminal propiece of interleukin 1 alpha is a transforming nuclear oncoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94:508-513.
23. Dinarello C.A. A clinical perspective of IL-1β as the gatekeeper of inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2011, 41:1203-1217.
24. Los M.M., Van de Craen L.C., Penning H., et al. Requirement of an ICE/CED3 protease for Fas/APO-1 mediated apoptosis. Nature 1995, 375:81-83.
25. Carter D., Diebel M., Dunn J., et al. Purification, cloning, expression, and biological characterization of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein. Nature 1990, 344:633-637.
26. Eisenberg S.P., Evans R.J., Arend W.P., et al. Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Nature 1990, 343:341-346.
27. Dinarello C.A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood 1991, 77:1627-1652.
28. Dripps D., Brandhuber J., Thompson R., Eisenberg S. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist binds to the 80-kDa IL-1 receptor but does not initiate IL-1 signal transduction. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:10331-10336.
29. Granowits E., Clark B., Mancilla J., Dinarello C. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist competitively inhibits the binding of interleukin-1 to the type II interleukin-1 receptor. J Biol Chem 1991, 266:14147-14150.
30. McIntyre K.W., Stepan G.J., Kolinsky K.D., et al. Inhibition of interleukin 1 (IL-1) binding and bioactivity in vitro and modulation of acute inflammation in vivo by IL-1 receptor antagonist and anti-IL-1 receptor monoclonal antibody. J Exp Med 1991, 173:931-939.
31. Dinarello C.A. Reduction of inflammation by decreasing production of interleukin-1 or by specific receptor antagonism. Int J Tissue React 1992, 14:65-75.
32. Arend W.P., Malyak M., Guthridge C.J., et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology. Annu Rev Immunol 1998, 16:27-55.
33. Sims J.E. IL-1 and IL-18 receptors, and their extended family. Curr Opin Immunol 2002, 14:117-122.
34. Symons J.A., Young P.R., Duff G.W. Soluble type II interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor binds and blocks processing of IL-1 beta precurssor and loses affinity for IL-1 receptor antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995, 92:1714-1718.
35. Vigers G.P.A., Anderson L.J., Caffes P., et al. Crystal structure of the type I interleukin-1 receptor complexed with interleukin- 1β. Nature 1997, 386:190-194.
36. Gay N.J., Keith F.J. Drosophila toll and IL-1 receptor. Nature 1991, 351:355-356.
37. Sims J.E., Smith D.E. The IL-1 family: regulators of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2010, 10:89-102.
38. Wesche H., Korherr C., Kracht M., et al. The interleukin-1receptor accessory protein is essential for IL-1-induced activation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAP kinases). J Biol Chem 1997, 272:7727-7731.
39. Conti B., Jahng J.W., Tinti C., Son J.H., Joh T.H. Induction of interferon-gamma inducing factor in the adrenal cortex. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:2035-2037.
40. Matsui K., Yoshimoto T., Tsutsui H., et al. Propionibacterium acnes treatment diminishes CD4+ NK1.1+T cells but induces type I T cells in the liver by induction of IL-12 and IL-18 production from Kupffer cells. J Immunol 1997, 159:97-106.
41. Stoll S., Muller G., Kurimoto M., et al. Production of IL-18 (IFN-gamma-inducing factor) messenger RNA and functional protein by murine keratinocytes. J Immunol 1997, 59:298-302.
42. Udagawa N., Horwood N.J., Elliott J., et al. Interleukin-18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor) is produced by osteoblasts and acts via granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and not via interferon-gamma to inhibit osteoclast formation. J Exp Med 1997, 185:1005-1012.
43. Stoll S., Jonuleit H., Schmitt E., et al. Production of functional IL-18 by different subtypes of murine and human dendritic cells (DC): DCderived IL-18 enhances IL-12-dependent Th1 development. Eur J Immunol 1998, 28:3231-3239.
44. Gracie J.A., Forsey R.J., Chan W.L., et al. A proinflammatory role for IL-18 in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest 1999, 104:1393-1401.
45. Pizarro T.T., Michie M.H., Bentz M., et al. IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine, is up-regulated in Crohn's disease: expression and localization in intestinal mucosal cells. J Immunol 1999, 162:6829-6835.
46. Prinz M., Hanisch U.K. Murine microglial cells produce and respond to interleukin-18. J Neurochem 1999, 72:2215-2218.
47. Gu Y., Kuida K., Tsutsui H., et al. Activation of interferon-gamma inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1beta converting enzyme. Science 1997, 275:206-209.
48. Parnet P., Garka K.E., Bonnert T.P., Dower S.K., Sims J.E. IL-1Rrp is a novel receptor-like molecule similar to the type I interleukin-1 receptor and its homologues T1/ST2 and IL-1R AcP. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:3967-3970.
49. Torigoe K., Ushio S., Okura T., et al. Purification and characterization of the human interleukin-18 receptor. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:25737-25742.
50. Novick D., Kim S.H., Fantuzzi G., et al. Interleukin-18 binding protein: a novel modulator of the Th1 cytokine response. Immunity 1999, 10:127-136.
51. Kuno K., Matsushima K. The IL-1 receptor signaling pathway. J Leukoc Biol 1994, 56:542-547.
52. Mizel S.B. IL-1 signal transduction. Eur Cytokine Netw 1994, 5:547-561.
53. O'Neill L.A.J. Towards an understanding of the signal transduction pathways for interleukin-1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1995, 1266:31-44.
54. Huwiler A., Pfeilschifter J. Interleukin-1 stimulates de novo synthesis of mitogen-activated protein kinase in glomerular mesangial cells. FEBS Lett 1994, 350:135-138.
55. Freshney N.W., Rawlinson L., Guesdon F., et al. Interleukin-1 activates a novel protein cascade that results in the phosphorylation of hsp27. Cell 1994, 78:1039-1049.
56. Kracht M., Truong O., Totty N.F., et al. Interleukin-1a activates two forms of p54a mitogen-activated protein kinase in rabbit liver. J Exp Med 1994, 180:2017-2027.
57. Muegge K., Williams T.M., Kant J., et al. Interleukin-1 costimulatory activity on the interleukin-2 promoter via AP-1. Science 1989, 246:249-251.
58. Muegge K., Vila M., Gusella G.L., et al. IL-1 induction of the c-jun promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993, 90:7054-7058.
59. Reimers J.I., Bjerre U., Mandrup-Poulsen T., et al. Interleukin- 1β induces diabetes and fever in normal rats by nitric oxide via induction of different nitric oxide synthases. Cytokine 1994, 6:512-520.
60. Dinarello C.A. Proinflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000, 118:503-508.
61. Theoharides T.C., Kalogeromitros D. The critical role of mast cells in allergy and inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 1088:78-99.
62. Theoharides T.C., Kempuraj D., Tagen M., Conti P., Kalogeromitros D. Differential release of mast cell mediators and the pathogenesis of inflammation. Immunol Rev 2007, 217:65-78.
63. Smith J.W., Urba W.J., Curti B.D., et al. Phase II trial of interleukin-1 alpha in combination with indomethacin in melanoma patients [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol Annu Meet 1991, 10:293.
64. Kolesnick R., Golde D.W. The sphingomyelin pathway in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 signalling. Cell 1994, 77:325-328.
65. Gronich J., Konieczkowski M., Gelb M.H., et al. Interleukin-1a causes a rapid activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by phosphorylation in rat mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 1994, 93:1224-1233.
66. Mizel S.B. Cyclic AMP and interleukin-1 signal transduction. Immunol Today 1990, 11:390-391.
67. Rosoff P.M., Savage N., Dinarello C.A. Interleukin-1 stimulates diacylglycerol production in T lymphocytes by a novel mechanism. Cell 1988, 54:73-81.
68. Gabay C., Lamacchia C., Palmer G. IL-1 pathways in inflammation and human diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010, 6:232-241.
69. Arend W.P. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: discovery, structure and properties. Prog Growth Factor Res 1990, 2:193-205.
70. Du X., Thompson P., Chan E.K.L., et al. Genetic and physical mapping of the Lps locus: identification of the Toll-4 receptor as a candidate gene in the critical region. Blood Cells Mol Dis 1998, 24:340-355.
71. Heguy A., Baldari C.T., Macchia G., et al. Amino acids conserved in interleukin-1 receptors and the Drosophila Toll protein are essential for IL-1R signal transduction. J Biol Chem 1992, 267:2605-2609.
72. Evans R.J., Bray J., Childs J.D., et al. Mapping receptor binding sites in the IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-1β by site directed mutagenesis: identification of a single site in IL-1ra and two sites in IL-1β. J Biol Chem 1994, 270:11477-11483.
73. Schreuder H., Tardif C., Trump-Kallmeyer S., et al. A new cytokine-receptor binding mode revealed by the crystal structure of the IL-1 receptor with an antagonist. Nature 1997, 386:194-200.
74. Colotta F., Re F., Muzio M., et al. Interleukin-1 type II receptor: a decoy target for IL-1 that is regulated by IL-4. Science 1993, 261:472-475.
75. Greenfeder S.A., Nunes P., Kwee L., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a second subunit of the interleukin-1 receptor complex. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:13757-13765.
76. Yoon D.Y., Dinarello C.A. Antibodies to domains II and III of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein inhibit IL-1b activity but not binding: regulation of IL-1 responses is via type I receptor, not the accessory protein. J Immunol 1998, 160:3170-3179.
77. Esposito K., Nappo F., Giugliano F., et al. Cytokine milieu tends toward inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:1647.
78. Eizirik D.L., Mandrup-Poulsen T. A choice of death-the signal-transduction of immune-mediated β-cell apoptosis. Diabetologia 2001, 44:2115-2133.
79. Sathyapalan T., Atkin S.L. Is there a role for immune and anti-inflammatory therapy in type 2 diabetes?. Minerva Endocrinol 2011, 26:147-156.
80. Guest C.B., Park M.J., Johnson D.R., et al. The implication of pro-inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetes. Front Biosci 2008, 1:5187-5194.
81. Maedler K., Sergeev P., Ris F., et al. Glucose-induced β-cell production of IL-1 β contributes to glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:851-860.
82. Feve B., Bastard J.P. The role of interleukins in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009, 5:305-311.
83. Welsh N. Interleukin-1β-induced ceramide and diacylglycerol generation may lead to activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and the transcription factor ATF2 in the insulin-producing cell line RINm5F. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:8307-8312.
84. Major C.D., Wolf B.A. Interleukin-1β stimulation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activity in insulin-secreting cells: evidence for cytoplasmic restriction. Diabetes 2001, 50:2721-2728.
85. Miyauchi K., Takiyama Y., Honjyo J., et al. Upregulated IL-18 expression in type 2 diabetic subjects with nephropathy: TGF-beta1 enhanced IL-18 expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009, 83:190-199.
86. Davis R.J. Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases. Cell 2000, 103:239-252.
87. Chang L., Karin M. Mammalian MAP kinase signaling cascades. Nature 2001, 410:37-40.
88. Ammendrup A., Maillard A., Nielsen K., et al. The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase pathway is preferentially activated by interleukin-1 and controls apoptosis in differentiating pancreatic β-cells. Diabetes 2000, 49:1468-1476.
89. Bonny C., Oberson A., Steinmann M., et al. IB1 reduces cytokine-induced apoptosis of insulin-secreting cells. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:16466-16472.
90. Bonny C., Oberson A., Negri S., Sauser C., Schorderet D.F. Cell-permeable peptide inhibitors of JNK: novel blockers of β -cell death. Diabetes 2001, 50:77-82.
91. Kaneto H., Xu G., Fujii N., et al. Involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in oxidative stress-mediated suppression of insulingene expression. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:30010-30018.
92. Maedler K., Dharmadhikari G., Schumann D.M., Storling J. Interleukin-1 beta targeted therapy for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009, 9:1177-1188.
93. Poitout V., Robertson R. Minireview: secondary β -cell failure in type 2 diabetes-a convergence of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. Endocrinology 2002, 143:339-342.
94. Rhodes C.J. Type 2 diabetes: a matter of β-cell life and death?. Science 2005, 307:380-384.
95. Donath M.Y., Shoelson S.E. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011, 11:98-107.
96. Sakuraba H., Mizukami H., Yagihashi N., et al. Reduced β-cell mass and expression of oxidative stress-related DNA damage in the islet of Japanese type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2002, 45:85-96.
97. Butler A.E., Janson J., Bonner-Weir S., et al. Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003, 52:102-110.
98. Yoon K.H., Ko S.H., Cho J.H., et al. Selective β-cell loss and β-cell expansion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88:2300-2308.
99. Welsh N., Cnop M., Kharroubi I., et al. Is there a role for locally produced interleukin-1 in the deleterious effects of high glucose or the type 2 diabetes milieu to human pancreatic islets?. Diabetes 2005, 54:3238-3244.
100. Maedler K., Spinas G.A., Lehmann R., et al. Glucose induces β-cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas receptor in human islets. Diabetes 2001, 50:1683-1690.
101. Maedler K., Fontana A., Ris F., et al. FLIP switches Fas-mediated glucose signaling in human pancreatic β cells from apoptosis to cell replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002, 99:8236-8241.
102. Larsen C.M., Faulenbach M., Vaag A., et al. Sustained effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:1663-1668.
103. Larsen C.M., Faulenbach M., Vaag A., et al. Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:1517-1526.
104. Mandrup-Poulsen T., Pickersgill L., Donath M.Y. Blockade of interleukin 1 in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2010, 6:158-166.
105. Donath M.Y., Storling J., Maedler K., Mandrup-Poulsen T. Inflammatory mediators and islet β-cell failure: a link between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Mol Med 2003, 81:455-470.
106. Donath M.Y., Gross D.J., Cerasi E., Kaiser N. Hyperglycemia-induced beta-cell apoptosis in pancreatic islets of Psammomys obesus during development of diabetes. Diabetes 1999, 48:738-744.
107. LeRoith D. Beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of metabolic and genetic abnormalities. Am J Med 2002, 113:3S-11S.
108. Donath M.Y., Halban P.A. Decreased β-cell mass in diabetes: significance, mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Diabetologia 2004, 47:581-589.
109. Herder C., Brunner E.J., Rathmann W., et al. Elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist precede the onset of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:421-423.
110. Donath M.Y., Mandrup-Poulsen T. The use of interleukin-1-receptor antagonists in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2008, 4:240-241.
111. Gabay C., Dreyer M., Pellegrinelli N., Chicheportiche R., Meier C.A. Leptin directly induces the secretion of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in human monocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:783-791.
112. Dinarello C.A., Donath M.Y., Mandrup-Poulsen T. Role of IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010, 17:314-321.
113. Unger R.H. Lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of obesity-dependent NIDDM. Genetic and clinical implications. Diabetes 1995, 44:863-870.
114. McGarry J.D., Dobbins R.L. Fatty acids, lipotoxicity and insulin secretion. Diabetologia 1999, 42:128-138.
115. Federici M., Hribal M., Perego L., et al. High glucose causes apoptosis in cultured human pancreatic islets of Langerhans: a potential role for regulation of specific Bcl family genes toward an apoptotic cell death program. Diabetes 2001, 50:1290-1301.
116. Johnson D.R., O'Connor J.C., Satpathy A., et al. Cytokines in type 2 diabetes. Vitam Horm 2006, 74:405-412.
117. Hivert M.F., Sun Q., Shrader P., et al. Circulating IL-18 and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetologia 2009, 52:2101-2108.
118. Esposito K., Marfella R., Giugliano D. Plasma Interleukin-18 concentrations are elevated in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:272.
119. Thorand B., Kolb H., Baumert J., et al. Elevated levels of interleukin-18 predict the development of type 2 diabetes results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Study, 1984-2002. Diabetes 2005, 54:2932-2938.
120. Suchanek H., Mysliwska J., Siebert J., et al. High serum interleukin-18 concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Cytokine Netw 2005, 16:177-185.
121. Huang Y., Xu M., Hong J., Gu W., Bi Y., Li X. 607 C/A polymorphism in the promoter of IL-18 gene is associated with 2 h post-loading plasma glucose level in Chinese. Endocrine 2010, 37:507-512.
122. Zilverschoon G.R., Tack C.J., Joosten L.A., et al. Interleukin-18 resistance in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes 2008, 32:1407-1414.
123. Araki S., Haneda M., Koya D., et al. Predictive impact of elevated serum level of IL-18 for early renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: an observational follow-up study. Diabetologia 2007, 50:867-873.
124. Fischer C.P., Perstrup L.B., Berntsen A., et al. Elevated plasma interleukin-18 is a marker of insulin-resistance in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic humans. Clin Immunol 2005, 117:152-160.
125. Nakamura A., Shikata K., Hiramatsu M., et al. Serum interleukin-18 levels are associated with nephropathy and atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005, 28:2890-2895.
126. Esposito K., Nappo F., Giugliano F., et al. Meal modulation of circulating interleukin 18 and adiponectin concentrations in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78:1135-1140.
127. Struch F., Dau M., Schwahn C., et al. Interleukin-1 gene polymorphism, diabetes, and periodontitis: results from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). J Periodontol 2008, 79:501-507.
128. Lopez N.J., Valenzuela C.Y., Jara L. Interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms associated with periodontal disease in type 2 diabetes. J Periodontol 2009, 80:1590-1598.
129. Yoshida T., Kato K., Yokoi K., et al. Association of genetic variants with chronic kidney disease in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Med 2009, 23:529-537.
130. Bid H.K., Konwar R., Agrawal C.G., Banerjee M. Association of IL-4 and IL-1RN (receptor antagonist) gene variants and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study in the north Indian population. Indian J Med Sci 2008, 62:259-266.
131. Cauci S., Santolo M.D., Ryckman K.K., et al. Variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene IL-1RN: a novel association with the athlete status. BMC Med Genet 2010, 11:1-11.
132. Ruotsalainen E., Salmenniemi U., Vauhkonen I., et al. Changes in inflammatory cytokines are related to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 2006, 29:2714-2720.
133. Szoke D., Molnar B., Solymosi N., et al. Polymorphisms of the ApoE, HSD3B1, IL-1beta and p53 genes are associated with the development of early uremic complications in diabetic patients: results of a DNA resequencing array study. Int J Mol Med 2009, 23:217-227.
134. Kariz S., Milutinovic A., Bregar D., et al. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene and the inhibitor of kappa B-like protein gene polymorphisms are not associated with myocardial infarction in Slovene population with type 2 diabetes. Coll Antropol 2007, 31:503-507.
135. Havemose-Poulsen A., Sorensen L.K., Bendtzen K. Polymorphisms within the IL-1 gene cluster: effects on cytokine profiles in peripheral blood and whole blood cell cultures of patients with aggressive periodontitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Periodontol 2007, 78:475-492.
136. Marculescu R., Endler G., Schillinger M., et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genotype is associated with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002, 51:3582-3585.
137. Luotola K., Pietila A., Zeller T., et al. Associations between interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene variations or IL-1 receptor antagonist levels and the development of type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2011, 269:322-332.
138. Lakoski S.G., Li L., Langefeld C.D., et al. The association between innate immunity gene (IRAK1) and C-reactive protein in the Diabetes Heart Study. Exp Mol Pathol 2007, 82:280-283.
139. Carstensen M., Herder C., Kivima M. Accelerated increase in serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist starts 6 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2010, 59:1222-1227.
140. Blakemore A.I., Cox A., Gonzalez A.M., et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele (IL1RN2) associated with nephropathy in diabetes mellitus. Hum Genet 1996, 97:369-374.
141. Lee S.H., Lee T.W., Ihm C.G., et al. Genetics of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM: candidate gene analysis for the pathogenic role of inflammation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2005, 10:S32-S36.
142. Abrahamian H., Endler G., Exner M., et al. Association of low-grade inflammation with nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: role of elevated CRP-levels and 2 different gene-polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007, 115:38-41.
143. Bensen J.T., Langefeld C.D., Li L., et al. Association of an IL-1A 3'UTR polymorphism with end-stage renal disease and IL-1alpha expression. Kidney Int 2003, 63:1211-1219.
144. Mookherjee S., Banerjee D., Chakraborty S., et al. Association of IL1A and IL1B loci with primary open angle glaucoma. BMC Med Genet 2010, 11:2-9.
145. Krikovszky D., Vasarhelyi B., Tresz A., et al. Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-1b is associated with risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. Eur J Pediatr 2002, 161:507-508.
146. Achyut B.R., Srivastava A., Bhattacharya S., Mittal B. Genetic association of interleukin-1beta (-511C/T) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (86 bp repeat) polymorphisms with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indians. Clin Chim Acta 2007, 377:163-169.
147. Lee S.H., Ihm C.G., Sohn S.D., et al. Polymorphisms in interleukin-1 beta and Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genes are associated with kidney failure in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Nephrol 2004, 24:410-414.
148. Perrier S., Darakhshan F., Hajduch E. IL-1 receptor antagonist in metabolic diseases: Dr Jekyll or Mr. Hyde?. FEBS Lett 2006, 580:6289-6294.
149. Zemunik T., Skrabic V., Boraska V., et al. FokI polymorphism, vitamin D receptor, and interleukin-1 receptor haplotypes are associated with type 1 diabetes in the Dalmatian population. J Mol Diagn 2005, 7:600-604.