Histone deacetylases and their role in asthma

Journal of Asthma

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 121-128

  Royce, Simon G ^a,b   Karagiannis, Tom C ^b,c  

^a MURDOCH CHILDREN'S RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Asthma; Chromatin modifications; Histone acetylatison; Histone deacetylase inhibitor; Trichostatin A; Valproic acid

Indexed keywords

BUTYRIC ACID; ENTINOSTAT; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; MOCETINOSTAT; RESVERATROL; THEOPHYLLINE; TRICHOSTATIN A; VALPROIC ACID;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ASTHMA; DRUG EFFECT; HISTONE ACETYLATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; REVIEW;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ASTHMA; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; HISTONE DEACETYLASES; HUMANS; STILBENES;

EID: 84856845413     PISSN: 02770903     EISSN: 15324303     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.648298     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Campas-Moya C. Romidepsin for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Drugs Today (Barc) 2009; 45(11):787-795.
2. Duvic M, Vu J. Vorinostat: A new oral histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16(7):1111-1120. (Pubitemid 47074165)
3. Grant C, Rahman F, Piekarz R, Peer C, Frye R, Robey RW, Gardner ER, Figg WD, Bates SE. Romidepsin: A new therapy for cutaneous Tcell lymphoma and a potential therapy for solid tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 10(7):997-1008.
4. Marks PA, Breslow R. Dimethyl sulfoxide to vorinostat: Development of this histone deacetylase inhibitor as an anticancer drug. Nat Biotechnol 2007; 25(1):84-90. (Pubitemid 46087907)
5. Bolden JE, Peart MJ, Johnstone RW. Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5(9):769-784. (Pubitemid 44348499)
6. Dokmanovic M, Clarke C, Marks PA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Overview and perspectives. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5(10):981-989. (Pubitemid 350080267)
7. Johnstone RW. Histone-deacetylase inhibitors: Novel drugs for the treatment of cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002; 1(4):287-299. (Pubitemid 37361445)
8. Marks PA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: A chemical genetics approach to understanding cellular functions. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1799(10-12):717-725.
9. Marks PA. The clinical development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as targeted anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19(9):1049-1066.
10. Marks PA, Xu WS. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Potential in cancer therapy. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107(4):600-608.
11. Dokmanovic M, Marks PA. Prospects: Histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Cell Biochem 2005; 96(2):293-304. (Pubitemid 41437862)
12. De los Santos M, Zambrano A, Aranda A. Combined effects of retinoic acid and histone deacetylase inhibitors on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6(4):1425-1432. (Pubitemid 46712006)
13. Kim HJ, Bae SC. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Molecular mechanisms of action and clinical trials as anti-cancer drugs. Am J Transl Res 2011; 3(2):166-179.
14. Minucci S, Pelicci PG. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6(1):38-51. (Pubitemid 43054973)
15. Karagiannis TC, Harikrishnan KN, El-Osta A. The histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A, enhances radiation sensitivity and accumulation of gammaH2A.X. Cancer Biol Ther 2005; 4(7):787-793. (Pubitemid 41351181)
16. Karagiannis TC, Harikrishnan KN, El-Osta A. Disparity of histone deacetylase inhibition on repair of radiation-induced DNA damage on euchromatin and constitutive heterochromatin compartments. Oncogene 2007; 26(27):3963-3971. (Pubitemid 46884300)
17. Sanchez-Gonzalez B, Yang H, Bueso-Ramos C, Hoshino K, Quintas- Cardama A, Richon VM, Garcia-Manero G. Antileukemia activity of the combination of an anthracycline with a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Blood 2006; 108(4):1174-1182. (Pubitemid 44232012)
18. Munster PN, Marchion D, Thomas S, Egorin M, Minton S, Springett G, Lee JH, Simon G, Chiappori A, Sullivan D, Daud A. Phase I trial of vorinostat and doxorubicin in solid tumours: Histone deacetylase 2 expression as a predictive marker. Br J Cancer 2009; 101(7): 1044-1050.
19. Shabason JE, Tofilon PJ, Camphausen K. Grand rounds at the National Institutes of Health: HDAC inhibitors as radiation modifiers, from bench to clinic. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15(12):2735-2744.
20. Briggs B, Ververis K, Rodd AL, Foong LJ, Silva FM, Karagiannis TC. Photosensitization by iodinated DNA minor groove binding ligands: Evaluation of DNA double-strand break induction and repair. J Photochem Photobiol B 2011; 103(2):145-152.
21. Singh TR, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. HDAC inhibitors enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in breast carcinoma. Oncogene 2005; 24(29):4609-4623. (Pubitemid 41032599)
22. Bots M, Johnstone RW. Rational combinations using HDAC inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15(12):3970-3977.
23. Gore SD. Combination therapy with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in hematologic malignancies. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005; 2(Suppl. 1): S30-S35. (Pubitemid 43135232)
24. Kwa FA, Balcerczyk A, Licciardi P, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC. Chromatin modifying agents-the cutting edge of anticancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16(13-14):543-547.
25. Colletti SL, Myers RW, Darkin-Rattray SJ, Gurnett AM, Dulski PM, Galuska S, Allocco JJ, Ayer MB, Li C, Lim J, Crumley TM, Cannova C, Schmatz DM, Wyvratt MJ, Fisher MH, Meinke PT. Broad spectrum antiprotozoal agents that inhibit histone deacetylase: Structure-activity relationships of apicidin. Part 2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11 (2):113-117. (Pubitemid 32099621)
26. Colletti SL, Myers RW, Darkin-Rattray SJ, Gurnett AM, Dulski PM, Galuska S, Allocco JJ, Ayer MB, Li C, Lim J, Crumley TM, Cannova C, Schmatz DM, Wyvratt MJ, Fisher MH, Meinke PT. Broad spectrum antiprotozoal agents that inhibit histone deacetylase: Structure-activity relationships of apicidin. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11 (2):107-111. (Pubitemid 32099620)
27. Darkin-Rattray SJ, Gurnett AM, Myers RW, Dulski PM, Crumley TM, Allocco JJ, Cannova C, Meinke PT, Colletti SL, Bednarek MA, Singh SB, Goetz MA, Dombrowski AW, Polishook JD, Schmatz DM. Apicidin: A novel antiprotozoal agent that inhibits parasite histone deacetylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93(23):13143-13147. (Pubitemid 26382783)
28. Andrews KT, Tran TN, Lucke AJ, Kahnberg P, Le GT, Boyle GM, Gardiner DL, Skinner-Adams TS, Fairlie DP. Potent antimalarial activity of histone deacetylase inhibitor analogues. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52(4):1454-1461. (Pubitemid 351522012)
29. Andrews KT, Tran TN, Wheatley NC, Fairlie DP. Targeting histone deacetylase inhibitors for anti-malarial therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2009; 9(3):292-308.
30. Kook H, Lepore JJ, Gitler AD, Lu MM, Wing-Man Yung W, Mackay J, Zhou R, Ferrari V, Gruber P, Epstein JA. Cardiac hypertrophy and histone deacetylase-dependent transcriptional repression mediated by the atypical homeodomain protein Hop. J Clin Invest 2003; 112 (6):863-871. (Pubitemid 38063744)
31. Kong Y, Tannous P, Lu G, Berenji K, Rothermel BA, Olson EN, Hill JA. Suppression of class I and II histone deacetylases blunts pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation 2006; 113 (22):2579-2588. (Pubitemid 43948006)
32. Kee HJ, Sohn IS, Nam KI, Park JE, Qian YR, Yin Z, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Bang YJ, Kim N, Kim JK, Kim KK, Epstein JA, Kook H. Inhibition of histone deacetylation blocks cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II infusion and aortic banding. Circulation 2006; 113(1):51-59. (Pubitemid 43958488)
33. Berry JM, Cao DJ, Rothermel BA, Hill JA. Histone deacetylase inhibition in the treatment of heart disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008; 7(1):53-67. (Pubitemid 351222963)
34. Granger A, Abdullah I, Huebner F, Stout A, Wang T, Huebner T, Epstein JA, Gruber PJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. FASEB J 2008; 22(10): 3549-3560.
35. Antos CL, McKinsey TA, Dreitz M, Hollingsworth LM, Zhang CL, Schreiber K, Rindt H, Gorczynski RJ, Olson EN. Dose-dependent blockade to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2003; 278(31):28930-28937. (Pubitemid 36935803)
36. Kazantsev AG, Thompson LM. Therapeutic application of histone deacetylase inhibitors for central nervous system disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7(10):854-868.
37. Chuang DM, Leng Y, Marinova Z, Kim HJ, Chiu CT. Multiple roles of HDAC inhibition in neurodegenerative conditions. Trends Neurosci 2009; 32(11):591-601.
38. Vecsey CG, Hawk JD, Lattal KM, Stein JM, Fabian SA, Attner MA, Cabrera SM, McDonough CB, Brindle PK, Abel T, Wood MA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance memory and synaptic plasticity via CREB: CBP-dependent transcriptional activation. J Neurosci 2007; 27(23):6128-6140. (Pubitemid 46890024)
39. Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function. Cell 2007; 128(4):693-705. (Pubitemid 46273577)
40. Allfrey VG, Faulkner R, Mirsky AE. Acetylation and methylation of histones and their possible role in the regulation of RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1964; 51:786-794.
41. Allfrey VG, Mirsky AE. Structural modifications of histones and their possible role in the regulation of RNA synthesis. Science 1964; 144 (3618):559.
42. Smith BC, Denu JM. Chemical mechanisms of histone lysine and arginine modifications. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009; 1789(1):45-57.
43. Roth SY, Denu JM, Allis CD. Histone acetyltransferases. Annu Rev Biochem 2001; 70:81-120. (Pubitemid 32662206)
44. Xu WS, Parmigiani RB, Marks PA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: Molecular mechanisms of action. Oncogene 2007; 26(37):5541-5552. (Pubitemid 47255934)
45. Kuo MH, Allis CD. Roles of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases in gene regulation. Bioessays 1998; 20(8):615-626. (Pubitemid 28422221)
46. de Ruijter AJ, van Gennip AH, Caron HN, Kemp S, van Kuilenburg AB. Histone deacetylases (HDACs): Characterization of the classical HDAC family. Biochem J 2003; 370(Pt. 3):737-749. (Pubitemid 36399066)
47. Banerjee A, Trivedi CM, Damera G, Jiang M, Jester W, Hoshi T, Epstein JA, Panettieri Jr RA. Trichostatin A abrogates airway constriction, but not inflammation in mouse and human asthma models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol [Epub ahead of print].
48. Tanner KG, Landry J, Sternglanz R, Denu JM. Silent information regulator 2 family of NAD-dependent histone/protein deacetylases generates a unique product, 1-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97(26):14178-14182. (Pubitemid 32016550)
49. Wood LG, Wark PA, Garg ML. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in airway disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13 (10):1535-1548.
50. Donnelly LE, Newton R, Kennedy GE, Fenwick PS, Leung RH, Ito K, Russell RE, Barnes PJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in lung epithelial cells: Molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2004; 287(4):L774-L783. (Pubitemid 39249390)
51. Lee M, Kim S, Kwon OK, Oh SR, Lee HK, Ahn K. Anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene, in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9(4): 418-424.
52. Royce SG, Dang W, Gao Y, Tran J, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC, Tang MLK. Resveratrol has protective effects against airway remodeling and airway inflammation in a murine model of allergic airways disease. Pathobiol Aging Age-Related Dis 2011; 1:7134.
53. Marks P, Rifkind RA, Richon VM, Breslow R, Miller T, Kelly WK. Histone deacetylases and cancer: Causes and therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2001; 1(3):194-202. (Pubitemid 33741894)
54. Yang XJ, Seto E. Collaborative spirit of histone deacetylases in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2003; 13(2):143-153. (Pubitemid 36369738)
55. Martin M, Kettmann R, Dequiedt F. Class IIa histone deacetylases: Regulating the regulators. Oncogene 2007; 26(37):5450-5467. (Pubitemid 47255927)
56. Witt O, Deubzer HE, Milde T, Oehme I. HDAC family: What are the cancer relevant targets? Cancer Lett 2009; 277(1):8-21.
57. Gao YS, Hubbert CC, Yao TP. The microtubule-associated histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytic trafficking and degradation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285(15):11219-11226.
58. Hubbert C, Guardiola A, Shao R, Kawaguchi Y, Ito A, Nixon A, Yoshida M, Wang XF, Yao TP. HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase. Nature 2002; 417(6887):455-458. (Pubitemid 34563539)
59. Kawaguchi Y, Kovacs JJ, McLaurin A, Vance JM, Ito A, Yao TP. The deacetylase HDAC6 regulates aggresome formation and cell viability in response to misfolded protein stress. Cell 2003; 115(6):727-738. (Pubitemid 38030301)
60. Villagra A, Cheng F, Wang HW, Suarez I, Glozak M, Maurin M, Nguyen D, Wright KL, Atadja PW, Bhalla K, Pinilla-Ibarz J, Seto E, Sotomayor EM. The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance. Nat Immunol 2009; 10(1):92-100.
61. Villagra A, Sotomayor EM, Seto E. Histone deacetylases and the immunological network: Implications in cancer and inflammation. Oncogene 2010; 29(2):157-173.
62. Yoshida M, Kijima M, Akita M, Beppu T. Potent and specific inhibition of mammalian histone deacetylase both in vivo and in vitro by trichostatin A. J Biol Chem 1990; 265(28):17174-17179.
63. Gottlicher M, Minucci S, Zhu P, Kramer OH, Schimpf A, Giavara S, Sleeman JP, Lo Coco F, Nervi C, Pelicci PG, Heinzel T. Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells. EMBO J 2001; 20(24):6969-6978. (Pubitemid 34062289)
64. Blaheta RA, Cinatl J, Jr. Anti-tumor mechanisms of valproate: A novel role for an old drug. Med Res Rev 2002; 22(5):492-511.
65. Johannessen CU. Mechanisms of action of valproate: A commentatory. Neurochem Int 2000; 37(2-3):103-110. (Pubitemid 30254142)
66. Rosenberg G. The mechanisms of action of valproate in neuropsychiatric disorders: Can we see the forest for the trees? Cell Mol Life Sci 2007; 64(16):2090-2103. (Pubitemid 350092420)
67. Choi JH, Oh SW, Kang MS, Kwon HJ, Oh GT, Kim DY. TrichostatinA attenuates airway inflammation in mouse asthma model. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35(1):89-96. (Pubitemid 40188276)
68. Cosio BG, Mann B, Ito K, Jazrawi E, Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Adcock IM. Histone acetylase and deacetylase activity in alveolar macrophages and blood mononocytes in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170(2):141-147. (Pubitemid 38925159)
69. Ito K, Caramori G, Lim S, Oates T, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Expression and activity of histone deacetylases in human asthmatic airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166(3):392-396. (Pubitemid 34864433)
70. Adcock IM, Tsaprouni L, Bhavsar P, Ito K. Epigenetic regulation of airway inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2007; 19(6):694-700. (Pubitemid 350236802)
71. Barnes PJ. Histone deacetylase-2 and airway disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2009; 3(5):235-243.
72. Bhavsar P, Ahmad T, Adcock IM. The role of histone deacetylases in asthma and allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121 (3):580-584.
73. Barnes PJ, Adcock IM, Ito K. Histone acetylation and deacetylation: Importance in inflammatory lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2005; 25 (3):552-563. (Pubitemid 40331188)
74. Ito K, Charron CE, Adcock IM. Impact of protein acetylation in inflammatory lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 116(2):249-265. (Pubitemid 47451510)
75. Adcock IM, Ito K, Barnes PJ. Histone deacetylation: An important mechanism in inflammatory lung diseases. COPD 2005; 2(4):445-455. (Pubitemid 43879443)
76. Waltregny D, Glenisson W, Tran SL, North BJ, Verdin E, Colige A, Castronovo V. Histone deacetylase HDAC8 associates with smooth muscle alpha-actin and is essential for smooth muscle cell contractility. FASEB J 2005; 19(8):966-968. (Pubitemid 40827719)
77. Zhang Y, Li N, Caron C, Matthias G, Hess D, Khochbin S, Matthias P. HDAC-6 interacts with and deacetylates tubulin and microtubules in vivo. EMBO J 2003; 22(5):1168-1179. (Pubitemid 36313600)
78. Ito K, Ito M, Elliott WM, Cosio B, Caramori G, Kon OM, Barczyk A, Hayashi S, Adcock IM, Hogg JC, Barnes PJ. Decreased histone deacetylase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(19):1967-1976. (Pubitemid 40638367)
79. Barnes PJ. Glucocorticosteroids: Current and future directions. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163(1):29-43.
80. Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory diseases. Lancet 2009; 373(9678):1905-1917.
81. Barnes PJ. Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8(3):183-192. (Pubitemid 351323287)
82. Barnes PJ. How corticosteroids control inflammation: Quintiles Prize Lecture 2005. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148(3):245-254. (Pubitemid 43804814)
83. HewM, Bhavsar P, Torrego A,Meah S,KhorasaniN, Barnes PJ,Adcock I, Chung KF. Relative corticosteroid insensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174(2):134-141. (Pubitemid 44015386)
84. Barnes PJ, Pauwels RA. Theophylline in the management of asthma: Time for reappraisal? Eur Respir J 1994; 7(3):579-591. (Pubitemid 24099019)
85. Rabe KF, Magnussen H, Dent G. Theophylline and selective PDE inhibitors as bronchodilators and smooth muscle relaxants. Eur Respir J 1995; 8(4):637-642.
86. Lim S, Tomita K, Caramori G, Jatakanon A, Oliver B, Keller A, Adcock I, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Low-dose theophylline reduces eosinophilic inflammation but not exhaled nitric oxide in mild asthma.AmJ Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164(2):273-276. (Pubitemid 34001294)
87. Ward AJ, McKenniff M, Evans JM, Page CP, Costello JF. Theophylline-an immunomodulatory role in asthma? Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147(3):518-523.
88. Jaffar ZH, Sullivan P, Page C, Costello J. Low-dose theophylline modulates T-lymphocyte activation in allergen-challenged asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1996; 9(3):456-462. (Pubitemid 26117788)
89. Sullivan P, Bekir S, Jaffar Z, Page C, Jeffery P, Costello J. Antiinflammatory effects of low-dose oral theophylline in atopic asthma. Lancet 1994; 343(8904):1006-1008. (Pubitemid 24122609)
90. Finnerty JP, Lee C, Wilson S, Madden J, Djukanovic R, Holgate ST. Effects of theophylline on inflammatory cells and cytokines in asthmatic subjects: A placebo-controlled parallel group study. Eur Respir J 1996; 9(8):1672-1677. (Pubitemid 26271153)
91. Brenner M, Berkowitz R, Marshall N, Strunk RC. Need for theophylline in severe steroid-requiring asthmatics. Clin Allergy 1988; 18 (2):143-150.
92. Kidney J, Dominguez M, Taylor PM, Rose M, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Immunomodulation by theophylline in asthma. Demonstration by withdrawal of therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151(6): 1907-1914.
93. Markham A, Faulds D. Theophylline. A review of its potential steroid sparing effects in asthma. Drugs 1998; 56(6):1081-1091. (Pubitemid 29010228)
94. Evans DJ, Taylor DA, Zetterstrom O, Chung KF, O'Connor BJ, Barnes PJ. A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma. N Engl J Med 1997; 337(20):1412-1418.
95. Ukena D, Harnest U, Sakalauskas R, Magyar P, Vetter N, Steffen H, Leichtl S, Rathgeb F, Keller A, Steinijans VW. Comparison of addition of theophylline to inhaled steroid with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroid in asthma. Eur Respir J 1997; 10(12):2754-2760. (Pubitemid 28052783)
96. Ito K, Lim S, Caramori G, Cosio B, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ. A molecular mechanism of action of theophylline: Induction of histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99(13):8921-8926. (Pubitemid 34693659)
97. Lomia M, Chapichadze Z, Pruidze M, Platonov P. Efficacy of monotherapy with carbamazepine and valproic acid in patients with bronchial asthma: Is asthma a neurological disease? Internet J Neurol 2005;4:1. Accessed on June 10, 2005 http://www.ispub.com/ ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijn/vol4n1/ asthma.xml
98. Burton B. On the propyl derivatives and decomposition products of ethylacetoacetate. Am Chem J 1882; 3:385-395.
99. Lebreton S, Carraz G, Behriel H, Meunier H. [Pharmacodynamic properties of 2,2-dipropylacetic acid. Iii]. Therapie 1964; 19:457-467.
100. Lebreton S, Carraz G, Meunier H, Beriel H. [Pharmacodynamic properties of 2,2-dipropylacetic acid. 2d report on its anti-epileptic properties]. Therapie 1964; 19:451-456.
101. Meunier H, Carraz G, Neunier Y, Eymard P, Aimard M. [Pharmacodynamic properties of N-dipropylacetic acid]. Therapie 1963; 18:435-438.
102. Lewis JR. Valproic acid (Depakene).A new anticonvulsant agent. JAm Med Assoc 1978; 240(20):2190-2192. (Pubitemid 9078569)
103. Stevens H. Allergy and epilepsy. Epilepsia 1965; 6(3):205-216.
104. Sayar B, Polvan O. Epilepsy and bronchial asthma. Lancet 1968; 1(7550):1038.
105. Phiel CJ, Zhang F, Huang EY, Guenther MG, Lazar MA, Klein PS. Histone deacetylase is a direct target of valproic acid, a potent anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer, and teratogen. J Biol Chem 2001; 276 (39):36734-36741.
106. Kramer OH, Zhu P, Ostendorff HP, Golebiewski M, Tiefenbach J, Peters MA, Brill B, Groner B, Bach I, Heinzel T, Göttlicher M. The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid selectively induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2. EMBO J 2003; 22(13):3411-3420. (Pubitemid 36834871)
107. Dombrowsky H, Barrenschee M, Kunze M, Uhlig S. Conserved responses to trichostatin A in rodent lungs exposed to endotoxin or stretch. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22(6):593-602.
108. Assem ESK, Peh KH, Wan BY, Middleton BJ, Dines J, Marson CM. Effects of a selection of histone deacetylase inhibitors on mast cell activation and airway and colonic smooth muscle contraction. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8(13-14):1793-1801.
109. Haggarty SJ, Koeller KM, Wong JC, Grozinger CM, Schreiber SL. Domain-selective small-molecule inhibitor of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated tubulin deacetylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100(8):4389-4394. (Pubitemid 36457739)
110. Namdar M, Perez G, Ngo L, Marks PA. Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) induces DNA damage and sensitizes transformed cells to anticancer agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107 (46):20003-20008.
111. Parmigiani RB, Xu WS, Venta-Perez G, Erdjument-Bromage H, Yaneva M, Tempst P, Marks PA. HDAC6 is a specific deacetylase of peroxiredoxins and is involved in redox regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105(28):9633-9638. (Pubitemid 352031352)
112. Tang W, Luo T, Greenberg EF, Bradner JE, Schreiber SL. Discovery of histone deacetylase 8 selective inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21(9):2601-2605.