Nitric oxide signaling as a common target of organohalogens and other neuroendocrine disruptors

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part B: Critical Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 5-7, 2011, Pages 495-536

  Currás Collazo, Margarita C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2,2',4,4' TETRAROMODIPHENYL ETHER; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ARSENIC; ASCORBIC ACID; CADMIUM; CALCIUM CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II; CYCLIC GMP; DOPAMINE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; FOLLITROPIN; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR; GLUTAMIC ACID; GONADORELIN; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; LEAD; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MANGANESE; NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; NORADRENALIN; ORGANOHALOGEN DERIVATIVE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; PROTEIN KINASE C; SEX HORMONE; THYROID HORMONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASOPRESSIN;

ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ENDOCRINE FUNCTION; FOLLITROPIN RELEASE; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; LEARNING; LONG TERM DEPRESSION; LONG TERM POTENTIATION; MEMORY; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SEX DIFFERENTIATION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASOPRESSIN BLOOD LEVEL;

ANIMALS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HALOGENATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HUMANS; HYDROCARBONS, HALOGENATED; HYPOTHALAMUS; NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEMS; NITRIC OXIDE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 79961058217     PISSN: 10937404     EISSN: 15216950     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.578564     Document Type: Article

References (326)

1. Adcock, I. M., Brown C. R., Kwon O., and Barnes, P. J. 1994. Oxidative stress induces NFκB DNA binding and inducible NOS mRNA in human epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 199: 1518-24 (Pubitemid 24174831)
2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substances. 2007. http://www. atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla
3. Aguilar, M. A., Miñarro J., and Felipo, V. 2000. Chronic moderate hyperammonemia impairs active and passive avoidance behav¬ior and conditional discrimination learning in rats. Exp. Neurol. 161: 704-13. (Pubitemid 30137027)
4. Alaee, M., and Wenning, R. J. 2002. The sig¬nificance of brominated flame retardants in the environment: Current understand¬ing, issues and challenges. Chemosphere 46: 579-82. (Pubitemid 34304080)
5. Allen, J. R., Barsotti, D. A., Lambrecht, L. K., and Van Miller, J. P. 1979. Reproductive effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocar¬bons on nonhuman primates. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 330: 419-25.
6. Altmann, L., Mundy, W. R., Ward, T. R., Fastabend, A., and Lilienthal, H. 2001. Developmental exposure of rats to a recon¬stituted PCB mixture or Aroclor 1254: Effects on long-term potentiation and [3H]MK-801 binding in occipital cortex and hippocam¬pus. Toxicol. Sci. 61: 321-30. (Pubitemid 32499400)
7. Andronik-Lion, V., Boucher, J. L., Delaforge, M., Henry, Y., and Mansuy, D. 1992. Formation of nitric oxide by cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of aromatic amidoximes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 85: 452-58.
8. Athanasiadou, M., Cuadra, S. N., Marsh, G., Bergman, A., and Jakobsson, K. 2008. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and bioaccumulative hydroxylated PBDE metabolites in young humans from Managua, Nicaragua. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 400-8. (Pubitemid 351395611)
9. Barnes, M. J., Lapanowski, K., Rafols, J. A., Lawson, D. M., and Dunbar, J. C. 2001. GnRH and gonadotropin release is decreased in chronic nitric oxide deficiency. Exp. Biol. Med.26: 701-6. (Pubitemid 32619610)
10. Barnes, M. J., Lapanowski, K., Rafols, J. A, Lawson, D. M., and Dunbar, J. C. 2002. Chronic nitric oxide deficiency is asso¬ciated with altered leutinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release in ovariectomized rats. Exp. Biol. Med. 227: 817-22.
11. Bergman, A., Klasson-Wehler, E., and Kuroki, H. 1994. Selective retention of hydroxylated PCB metabolites in blood. Environ. Health Perspect. 102: 464-69. (Pubitemid 24200106)
12. Berlin, C. M., Kacew, S., Lawrence, R., LaKind, J., and Campbell, R. 2002. crite¬ria for chemical selection for programs on human milk surveillance and research for environmental chemicals. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 65: 1839-51. (Pubitemid 35430619)
13. Bernabeu, R., Schmitz, P., Faillace, M. P., Izquierdo, I., and Medina, J. H. 1996. Hippocampal cGMP and cAMP are differ¬entially involved in memory processing of inhibitory avoidance learning. Neuroreport 7: 585-88. (Pubitemid 26105046)
14. Bicknell, R. J. 1988. Optimizing release from peptide hormone secretory nerve terminals. J. Exp. Biol. 139: 51-65. (Pubitemid 18268015)
15. Blazka, M. E., Harry, G. J., and Luster, M. I. 1994. Effect of lead acetate on nitrite pro¬duction by murine brain endothelial cell cultures. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 126: 191-194. (Pubitemid 24168885)
16. Boix, J., Cauli, O., and Felipo, V. 2010. Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls 52, 138 or 180 affects differen¬tially learning or motor coordination in adult rats. Mechanisms involved. Neuroscience 167: 994-1003.
17. Bon, C. L., and Garthwaite, J. 2001. Exogenous nitric oxide causes potentiation of hip-pocampal synaptic transmission during low frequency stimulation via the endogenous nitric oxide-cGMP pathway. Eur. J. Neurosci. 14: 585-594. (Pubitemid 34625986)
18. Bouley, R., Breton, S., Sun, T., McLaughlin, M., Nsumu, N. N., Lin, H. Y., Ausiello, D. A., and Brown, D. 2000. Nitric oxide and atrial natri-uretic factor stimulate cGMP-dependent membrane insertion of aquaporin 2 in renal epithelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 106: 1115-26.
19. Boulton, C. L., Southam, E., and Garthwaite, J. 1995. Nitric oxide-dependent long-term potentiation is blocked by a specific inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Neuroscience 69: 699-703.
20. Bourguignon, J. P., Gerard, A., Mathieu, J., Simons, J., and Franchimont, P. 1989. Pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from hypothalamic explants is restrained by blockade of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate receptors. Endocrinology 125: 1090-96. (Pubitemid 19205109)
21. Bourque, C. W., and Richard, D. 2001. Circumventricular organs: gateways to the brain axonal projections from the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis to the supraoptic nucleus: functional anal¬ysis and presynaptic modulation. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 28: 570-574. (Pubitemid 32588434)
22. Branchi, I., Alleva, E., and Costa, L. G. 2002. Effects of perinatal exposure to a polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 99) on mouse neurobehavioural development. Neurotoxicology 23: 375-84.
23. Bredt, D. S., and Snyder, S. H. 1990. Isolation of nitric oxide synthetase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 682-85.
24. Bredt, D. S., and Snyder, S. H. 1989. Nitric oxide mediates glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cere¬bellum. Proc. Nat.Acad. Sci. USA 86: 30-33.
25. Bredt, D. S. 1999. Endogenous nitric oxide synthesis: biological functions and pathophysiology. Free Radical Res. 31: 577-96.
26. Brouwer, A., Longnecker, M. P., Birnbaum, L. S., Cogliano, J., Kostyniak, P., Moore, J., Schantz, S., and Winneke, G. 1999. Characterization of potential endocrine-related health effects at low-dose levels of exposure to PCBs. Environ. Health Perspect. 107: 639-49. (Pubitemid 29423559)
27. Brouwer, A., Reijnders, P. J. H., and Koeman, J. H. 1989. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish induces vitamin A and thyroid hormone deficiency in the com¬mon seal (Phoca vitulina). Aquat. Toxicol. 15: 99-106. (Pubitemid 19178547)
28. *) formation potentials and implied mode of action. Toxicol. Sci. 98: 375-94. (Pubitemid 47248469)
29. Bromine Science and Environmental Forum. (BSEF). 2001. http://www.bsef.com
30. Calderón, J., Navarro, M. E., Jimenez-Capdeville, M. E., Santos-Diaz M. A., Golden, A., Rodriguez-Leyva, I., Borja-Aburto, V., and Díaz-Barriga, F. 2001. Exposure to arsenic and lead and neu-ropsychological development in Mexican children. Environ.Res. 85: 69-76. (Pubitemid 32165774)
31. Carter, D. A., and Murphy, D. 1989. Cyclic nucleotide dynamics in the rat hypothala-mus during osmotic stimulation: In vivo and in vitro studies. Brain Res. 487: 350-56. (Pubitemid 19127203)
32. Carpenter, D. O., Hussain, R. J., Berger, D. F., Lombardo, J. P., and Park, H. Y. 2002. Electrophysiologic and behavioral effects of perinatal and acute exposure of rats to lead and polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ. Health Perspect.110: 377-86. (Pubitemid 34661944)
33. Ceccatelli, R., Faass, O., Schlumpf, M., and Lichtensteiger, W. 2006. Gene expression and estrogen sensitivity in rat uterus after developmental exposure to the polybromi-nated diphenylether PBDE 99 and PCB. Toxicology 220: 104-16. (Pubitemid 43276400)
34. Ceccatelli, S., Hulting, A. L., Zhang, X., Gustafsson, L., Villar, M., and Hökfelt, T. 1993. Nitric oxide synthase in the rat ante¬rior pituitary gland and the role of nitric oxide in regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 11292-26.
35. Ceccatelli, S., Lundberg, J. M., Fahrenkrug, J., Bredt, D. S., Snyder, S. H., and Hökfelt, T. 1992. Evidence for involvement of nitric oxide in the regulation of hypothalamic por¬tal blood flow. Neuroscience 51: 769-72.
36. Chaud, M., Franchi, A. M., Rettori, V., McCann, S. M., and Gimeno, M. F. 1997. Nitric oxide in the contractile action of bradykinin, oxy-tocin, and prostaglandin F2 alpha in the estrogenized rat uterus. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 11049-54.
37. Chen, S. J., Ma, Y. J., Wang, J., Chen, D., Luo, X. J., and Mai, B. X. 2009. Brominated flame retardants in children's toys: Concentration, composition, and children's exposure and risk assessment. Environ.Sci. Technol. 43: 4200-6.
38. Chen, Y., and Swanson, R. A. 2003. Astrocytes and brain injury. J. Cerebral Blood Flow Metab. 23: 137-49. (Pubitemid 36188452)
39. Cheng, J., Yang, Y., Ma, J., Wang, W., Liu, X., Sakamoto, M., Qu, Y., and Shi, W. 2009. Assessing noxious effects of dietary exposure to methylmercury, PCBs and Se coexisting in environmentally contaminated rice in male mice. Environ. Int. 35: 619-25.
40. Chevrier, J., Harley, K. G., Bradman, A., Gharbi, M., Sjödin, A., and Eskenazi, B. 2010. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and thyroid hor¬mone during pregnancy. Environ. Health Perspect. 118: 1444-49.
41. Coburn, C. G., Gillard, E. R., and Currás-Collazo, M. C. 2005a. Dietary exposure to Aroclor 1254 alters central and peripheral vasopressin release in response to dehydra¬tion in the rat. Toxicol. Sci. 84: 149-56. (Pubitemid 40340282)
42. .Aroclor 1254 may induce long-term alter¬ations in central vasopressin release by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis within the supraoptic nucleus. Neurotoxicology. http://www.neurotoxicology.com/conf2005/Abstract%20Book%208%2030%2005final- %20BandW.pdf
43. Coburn, C. G., Watson-Siriboe, A., Hou, B., Lin, L., Gillard, E. R., and Curras-Collazo, M. C. 2007. Perinatal exposure to Aroclor 1254 induces long-term osmotically induced nitric oxide synthase activity in neu-roendocrine cells of the rat supraoptic nucleus. Organohalogen Compounds 66: 3109-13.
44. Coburn, C. G., Curras-Collazo, M. C., and Kodavanti, P. R. 2008. In vitro effects of environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners on cal¬cium buffering mechanisms in rat brain. Neurochem. Res. 33: 355-64.
45. Colciago, A., Negri-Cesi, P., Pravettoni, A., Mornati, O., Casati, L., and Celotti, F. 2006. Prenatal Aroclor 1254 exposure and brain sexual differentiation: effect on the expres¬sion of testosterone metabolizing enzymes and androgen receptors in the hypothalamus of male and female rats. Reprod. Toxicol. 22: 738-45. (Pubitemid 44548329)
46. Contestabile, A. 2010. Role of nitric oxide in cerebellar development and function: focus on granule neurons. Cerebellum. November 23. Epub ahead of print [PMID: 21104176].
47. Costa, L. G. 1998. Signal transduction in environmental neurotoxicity. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 38: 21-43.
48. Costa, L. G., and Giordano, G. 2007. Developmental neurotoxicity of polybromi-nated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retar-dants. Neurotoxicology 28: 1047-67. (Pubitemid 350026603)
49. Counter, S. A., Buchanan, L. H., and Ortega, F. 2009. Neurocognitive screening of lead-exposed Andean adolescents and young adults. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 72: 625-32.
50. Currás-Collazo, M. C., Gillard, E. R., Jin, J., and Pandika, J. 2003. Vasopressin and oxytocin decrease excitatory amino acid release in adult rat supraoptic nucleus. J. Neuroendocrinol. 15: 182-90. (Pubitemid 36193031)
51. d'Anglemont de Tassigny, X., Campagne, C., Dehouck, B., Leroy, D., Holstein, G R., Beauvillain, J. C., Buée-Scherrer, V., and Prevot V. 2007. Coupling of neuronal nitric oxide synthase to NMDA receptors via post-synaptic density-95 depends on estrogen and contributes to the central control of adult female reproduction. J. Neurosci. 27: 6103-14. (Pubitemid 46890019)
52. Dantchakoff, V. 1938. Sur les effets de l'hormone male dans un jeune cobaye femelle traite depuis un stade embryonnaire (inversions sexuelles). C. R. Soc. Biol. 127: 1255-58.
53. Darnerud, P. O. 2008. Brominated flame retar-dants as possible endocrine disrupters. Int. J. Androl. 31: 152-60 (Pubitemid 351341396)
54. Dawson, V. L., and Dawson, T. M. 1996. Nitric oxide neurotoxicity. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 10: 179-90. (Pubitemid 26197684)
55. Desaulniers, D., Leingartner, K., Wade, M., Fintelman, E., Yagminas, A., and Foster, W. G. 1999. Effects of acute exposure to PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and thyroid hormones and FSH isoforms in adult Sprague Dawley male rats. Toxicol. Sci. 47: 158-69. (Pubitemid 29214822)
56. Dickerson, S. M., Cunningham, S. L., Patisaul, H. B., Woller, M. J., and Gore, A. C. 2011. Endocrine disruption of brain sexual differ¬entiation by developmental PCB exposure. Endocrinology 152(2): 581-94. Epub 2010 December 29.
57. Dingemans, M. M., Ramakers, G. M., Gardoni, F., van Kleef, R. G., Bergman, A., Di Luca, M., van den Berg, M., Westerink, R. H., and Vijverberg, H. P. 2007. Neonatal exposure to brominated flame retardant BDE-47 reduces long-term potentiation and postsynaptic protein levels in mouse hippocampus. Environ. Health Perspect. 115: 865-70. (Pubitemid 46902240)
58. Dingemans, M. M., van den Berg M., and Westerink, R. H. 2011. Neurotoxicity of brominated flame retardants: (In-)direct effects of parent and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers on the (developing) nervous system. Environ. Health Perspect. Epub ahead of print.
59. Domingo, J. L. 2004. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers through the diet.J. Chromatogr 1054: 321-26. (Pubitemid 39445834)
60. Driscoll, L. L, Gibson, A. M., and Hieb, A. 2009. Chronic postnatal DE-71 exposure: Effects on learning, attention and thyroxine levels. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 31: 76-84.
61. Dufault, C, Poles, G., and Driscoll, L. L. 2005. Brief postnatal PBDE exposure alters learning and the cholinergic modulation of attention in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 88: 172-180. (Pubitemid 41548759)
62. Dunnam, R. C, Hill, M. J., Lawson, D. M., and Dunbar, J. C. 1999. Ovarian hormone secre¬tory response to gonadotropins and nitric oxide following chronic nitric oxide defi¬ciency in the rat. Biol. Reprod. 60: 959-63. (Pubitemid 29149383)
63. Duvilanski, B. H., Zambruno, C, Seilicovich, A., Pisera, D., Lasaga, M., Diaz, M. C, Belova, N., Rettori, V., and McCann, S. M. 1995. Role of nitric oxide in control of prolaction release by the adenohypophysis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 170-74.
64. Eriksson, P., and Fredriksson, A. 1998. Neurotoxic effects in adult mice neonatally exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl or 2,3,3',4,4'- pentachlorobiphenyl: changes in brain nicotinic receptors and behaviour. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 5: 17-27. (Pubitemid 28066214)
65. Eriksson, P., Jakobsson, E., and Fredriksson A. 2001. Brominated flame retardants: a novel class of developmental neurotoxicants in our environment? Environ. Health Perspect. 109: 903-08. (Pubitemid 32976254)
66. Eriksson, P., and Fredriksson, A. 1996. Developmental neurotoxicity of four ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in the neonatal mouse. Environ.Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1: 155-65. (Pubitemid 26180853)
67. Eriksson, P., Viberg, H., Jakobsson, E., Orn, U., and Fredriksson, A. 2002. A brominated flame retardant, 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether: Uptake, retention, and induction of neurobehavioral alterations in mice during a critical phase of neonatal brain development. Toxicol, Sci. 67: 98-103. (Pubitemid 34520814)
68. European Economic Community. 2003. Directive 2003/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 amending for the 24th time Council directive 76/769/EEC relating to restric¬tions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether and octabro-modiphenyl ether). Official Journal of the European Union Legislation 42.
69. Everett, C. J., Frithsen, I., and Player, M. 2011. Relationship of polychlorinated biphenyls with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. J. Environ. Monitor. 13: 241-51.
70. Everett, C. J., Mainous, A. G., Frithsen, I. L., Player, M. S., and Matheson, E. M. 2008. Association of polychlori¬nated biphenyls with hypertension in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environ. Res. 108: 94-97.
71. Fängström, B., Hovander, L, Bignert, A., Athanassiadis, I., Linderholm, L, Grandjean, P., Weihe, P., and Bergman, A. 2005. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polychlorobiphenylols in serum from pregnant Faroese women and their children 7 years later. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39: 9457-63. (Pubitemid 41832118)
72. Faqi, A. S., Dalsenter, P. R., Merker, H. J., and Chahoud, I. 1998. Effects on develop¬mental landmarks and reproductive capa¬bility of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl in offspring of rats exposed during pregnancy. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 17: 365-72. (Pubitemid 28401188)
73. Faroon, O., Jones, D., and De Rosa, C. 2001. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the nervous system. Toxicol. Ind. Health 16: 305-33.
74. Fernie, K. J., Shutt, J. L, Letcher, R. J., Ritchie, J. I., Sullivan, K., and Bird, D. M. 2008. Changes in reproductive courtship behaviors of adult American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to environmentally relevant levels of the polybrominated diphenyl ether mix¬ture, DE-71. Toxicol. Sci. 102: 171-78. (Pubitemid 351250479)
75. Fischer D., Hooper, K., Athanasiadou, M., Athanassiadis, I., and Bergman A. 2006. Children show highest levels of polybromi-nated diphenyl ethers in a California fam¬ily of four: a case study. Environ. Health Perspect. 114: 1581-84. (Pubitemid 44509658)
76. Fischer, C., Fredricksson, A. and Eriksson, P. 2008. Coexposure of neonatal mice to a flame retardant PBDE 99 (2,2; 4,4,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether) and methyl mercury enhances developmental neuro-toxic effects. Toxicological Sciences 101: 275-85.
77. Fischer L. J., Seegal, R. F., Ganey, P. E., Pessah, I. N., and Kodavanti, P. R. S. 1998. Symposium overview: Toxicity of non-coplanar PCBs. Toxicol. Sci. 41: 49-61. (Pubitemid 28201529)
78. Fonnum, F., Mariussen, E., and Reistad, T. 2006. Molecular mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 69: 21-35. (Pubitemid 41715156)
79. Forstermann, U., Gath, I., and Schwarz, P. 1995. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. Properties, cellular distribution and expres-sional control. Biochem. Pharmacol. 50: 1321-32.
80. Fowles, J. R., Fairbrother, A., Baecher-Steppan, L., and Kerkvliet, N. I. 1994. Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicology 86: 49-61.
81. Fox, D. A., and Srivastava, D. 1995. Molecular mechanism of the lead-induced inhibition of rod cGMP phosphodiesterase. Toxicol. Lett. 82-83: 263-70. (Pubitemid 26054712)
82. Furuyama, T., Inagaki, S., and Takagi, H. 1993. Localizations of α1 and ß1 subunits of solu¬ble guanylate cyclase in the rat brain. Mol. Brain Res. 20: 335-44.
83. Garthwaite, J., and Boulton C. L. 1995. Nitric oxide signaling in the central nervous system. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57: 683-706.
84. Garthwaite, J., Charles, S. L., and Chess-Williams, R. 1988. Endothelium derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercel¬lular messenger in the brain. Nature 336: 385-88.
85. Gellert, R. J. 1978. Kepone, mirex, dieldrin, and aldrin: Estrogenic activity and the induc¬tion of persistent vaginal estrus and anovu-lation in rats following neonatal treatment. Environ. Res. 16: 131-38. (Pubitemid 8369425)
86. Gellert, R. J., and Wilson, C. 1979. Reproductive function in rats exposed prenatally to pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Environ. Res. 18: 437-43. (Pubitemid 9189664)
87. Gensert, J. M., and Ratan, R. R. 2006. The metabolic coupling of arginine metabolism to nitric oxide generation by astrocytes. Antioxidants Redox Signal. 8: 919-28. (Pubitemid 44036509)
88. Giesy, J. P., and Kannan, K. 1998. Dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like toxic effects of poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for risk assessment. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 28: 511-69. (Pubitemid 28562764)
89. Gilbert, M. E. 2003. Perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls alters excitatory synaptic transmission and short-term plas¬ticity in the hippocampus of the adult rat. Neurotoxicology 24: 851-60. (Pubitemid 37486261)
90. Gilbert, M. E., Mundy W. R., and Crofton, K. M. 2000. Spatial learning and long-term poten-tiation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocam¬pus in animals developmentally exposed to Aroclor 1254. Toxicol. Sci. 57: 102-11.
91. Gillard, E. R., Coburn, C. G., de Leon, A., Snissarenko, E. P., Bauce, L. G., Pittman, Q. J., Hou, B., and Curras-Collazo, M. C. 2007a. Vasopressin autoreceptors and nitric oxide-dependent glutamate release are required for somatodendritic vasopressin release from rat magnocellular neuroen-docrine cells responding to osmotic stimuli. Endocrinology 148: 479-89. (Pubitemid 46143152)
92. Gillard, E. R., Coburn, C., Gaertner, M., Shahidzadeh, A., Blanco, G., and Curras-Collazo, M. C. 2007b. Soluble guany-late cyclase is a critical effector of nitric oxide mediated local vasopressin release in the supraoptic nucleus. Program No. 195.11, Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience.
93. Gobas, F. A., and Arnot, J. A. 2010. Food web bioaccumulation model for polychlo-rinated biphenyls in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 29: 1385-95.
94. Goldey, E. S., and Crofton, K. M. 1998. Thyroxine replacement attenuates hypothy-roxinemia, hearing loss, and motor deficits following developmental exposure to Aroclor 1254 in rats. Toxicol. Sci. 45: 94-105. (Pubitemid 28492244)
95. Gómara, B., Herrero, L, Ramos, J. J., Mateo, J. R., Fernández, M. A., García, J. F, and González, M. J. 2007. Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in human umbilical cord serum, paternal serum, maternal serum, placentas, and breast milk from Madrid population, Spain. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 6961-68. (Pubitemid 47585525)
96. Gore, A. C. 2008. Developmental program¬ming and endocrine disruptor effects on reproductive neuroendocrine systems. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 29: 358-74.
97. Gorski, R. A. 1979. The neuroendocrinology of reproduction: An overview. Biol. Reprod. 20: 111-27. (Pubitemid 9126880)
98. Gray, L. E., Wolf, C., Lambright, C., Mann, P., Price, M., Cooper, R. L, and Ostby, J. 1999. Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodi-one, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and keto-conazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl-and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. Toxicol. Ind. Health 15: 94-118. (Pubitemid 30484120)
99. Gregoraszczuk, E. L., Rak, A., Kawalec, K., and Ropstad, E. 2008. Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to single congeners and defined mixture of polybrominated dibenzoethers (PBDEs), p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE. Toxicol. Lett.178: 103-9.
100. Guix, F. X., Uribesalgo, I., Coma, M., and Munoz, F J. 2005. The physiology and pathophysiology of nitric oxide in the brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 76: 126-52. (Pubitemid 41242885)
101. Hallgren, S., Sinjari, T, Hakansson, H., and Darnerud, P. O. 2001. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on thyroid hormone and vitamin A levels in rats and mice. Arch. Toxicol. 75: 200-8. (Pubitemid 32524349)
102. Hany, J., Lilienthal, H., Sarasin, A., Roth-Härer, A., Fastabend, A., Dunemann, L, Lichtensteiger, W, and Winneke, G. 1999. Developmental exposure of rats to a reconstituted PCB mixture or Aroclor 1254: Effects on organ weights, aromatase activity, sex hormone levels, and sweet preference behavior. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 158: 231-43. (Pubitemid 29382941)
103. Hardingham, N., and Fox, K. 2006. The role of nitric oxide and GluR1 in presy-naptic and postsynaptic components of neocortical potentiation. J. Neurosci. 26: 7395-404. (Pubitemid 44315208)
104. Hardy, M. L. 2002. The toxicology of the three commercial polybrominated diphenyl oxide (ether) flame retardants. Chemosphere 46: 757-77. (Pubitemid 34308463)
105. Harley, K. G., Marks, A. R., Chevrier, J., Bradman, A., Sjödin, A., and Eskenazi, B. 2010. PBDE concentrations in women's serum and fecundability. Environ. Health Perspect. 118: 699-704.
106. Hassoun, E. A., and Periandri-Steinberg, S. 2010. Assessment of the roles of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)-induced oxidative stress in the brain tissues of rats after subchronic exposure. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 92: 301.
107. Hatton, G. I., and Li, Z. 1998. Mechanisms of neuroendocrine cell excitability. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 449: 79-95. (Pubitemid 28566371)
108. Hawkins, R. D., Son, H., and Arancio, O.1998. Nitric oxide as a retrograde messenger during long-term potentiation in hippocampus. Prog. Brain Res. 118:155-72. (Pubitemid 28530665)
109. Heales, S. J., Bolanos, J. P., Stewart, V. C., Brookes, P. S., Land, J. M., and Clark, J. B. 1999. Nitric oxide, mitochondria and neurological disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta/Gen. Subj. 1410: 215-28. (Pubitemid 29078606)
110. Hebb, D. O. 1949. The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory. New York: Wiley.
111. Herbison, A. E., Simonian, S. X., Norris, P. J., and Emson, P. C. 1996. Relationship of neu-ronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity to GnRH neurons in the ovariectomized and intact female rat. J. Neuroendocrinol. 8: 73-82. (Pubitemid 26053031)
112. Herbstman, J. B., Sjödin, A., Kurzon, M., Lederman, S. A., Jones, R. S., Rauh, V., Needham, L. L., Tang, D., Niedzwiecki, M., Wang, R. Y., and Perera, F. 2010. Prenatal exposure to PBDEs and neurodevelopment. Environ. Health Perspect. 118: 712-19.
113. Hermenegildo, C., Montoliu, C., Llansola, M., Muñoz, M. D., Gaztelu, J. M., Miñana, M. D., and Felipo, V. 1998. Chronic hyper-ammonemia impairs the glutamate-nitric-oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture and in the rat in vivo. J. Neurosci. 10: 3201-9. (Pubitemid 29070616)
114. Hites, R. A., Foran, J. A., Schwager, S. J., Knuth, B. A., Hamilton, M. C., and Carpenter, D. O. 2004. Global assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in farmed and wild salmon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38: 4945-49. (Pubitemid 39332021)
115. Hong, S. J., Grover, C. A., Safe, S. H., Tiffany-Castiglioni, E., and Frye, G. D. 1998. Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons suppress CA1 field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in rat hippocampal slices. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 148: 7-13. (Pubitemid 28072770)
116. Hopper, R. A., and Garthwaite, J. 2006. Tonic and phasic nitric oxide signals in hippocam-pal long-term potentiation. J. Neurosci. 26: 11513-521. (Pubitemid 44772122)
117. Howard, A. S., Fitzpatrick, R., Pessah, I., Kostyniak, P., and Lein, P. J. 2003. Polychlorinated biphenyls induce caspase-dependent cell death in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal but not cortical neurons via activation of the ryanodine receptor. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.190: 72-86. (Pubitemid 36794201)
118. Hsieh, C. H., Li, H. Y., and Chen, J. C. 2010. Nitric oxide and interleukin-1β mediate noradrenergic induced corticotrophin-releasing hormone release in organotypic cultures of rat paraventricular nucleus. Neuroscience 165: 1191-202.
119. Hsu, C. C., Yu, M. L., Chen, Y. C., Guo, Y. L., and Rogan, W. J. 1994. The yu-cheng rice oil poisoning incident. In Dioxin, related chemicals, and health, ed. A. Schecter, 661-84. New York: Plenum.
120. Hsu, P. C, Huang,W, Yao,W. J., Wu, M. H., Guo, Y. L, and Lambert, G. H. 2003. Sperm changes in men exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 289: 2943-44. (Pubitemid 37430095)
121. Hsu, P. C, Lai, T. J., Guo, N. W, Lambert, G. H. and Guo, Y L. 2005. Serum hormones in boys prenatally exposed to polychlorion-ated biphenyls and dibenzofurans.J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 68: 1447-1456. (Pubitemid 41783271)
122. Hsu, P. C., Pan, M. H., Li, L. A., Chen, C. J., Tsai, S. S., and Guo, Y L. 2007. Exposure in uteroto 2,2',3,3',4,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 132) impairs sperm function and alters testicular apoptosis-related gene expression in rat offspring. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 221: 68-75. (Pubitemid 46711208)
123. Hussain, R. J., Gyori, J., DeCaprio, A. P., and Carpenter, D. O. 2000. In vivo and in vitro exposure to PCB 153 reduces long-term potentiation. Environ. Health Perspect. 108: 827-31.
124. Huwe, J. K., and Smith, D. J. 2007. Accumulation, whole-body depletion, and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether in male Sprague-Dawley rats following dietary exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41: 2371-77. (Pubitemid 46595200)
125. Inoue, K., Harada, K., Takenaka, K., Uehara, S., Kono, M., Shimizu, T., Takasuga, T., Senthilkumar K., Yamashita F., and Koizumi, A. 2006. Levels and concentration ratios of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum and breast milk in Japanese mothers. Environ. Health Perspect. 114: 1179-85. (Pubitemid 44184674)
126. Jacobson, J. L., and Jacobson, S. W. 1996. Dose-response in perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): The Michigan and North Carolina cohort studies. Toxicol. Ind. Health 12: 435-45. (Pubitemid 26269703)
127. Johansen, H. R., Alexander, J., Rossland, O. J., Planting, S., Løvik, M., Gaarder, P. I., Gdynia, W, Bjerve, K. S., and Becher, G. 1996. PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in human blood in relation to consumption of crabs from a contaminated Fjord area in Norway. Environ. Health Perspect.104: 756-64. (Pubitemid 26285315)
128. Johansson, N., Viberg, H., Fredriksson, A., and Eriksson, P. 2008. Neonatal exposure to deca-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) causes dose-response changes in spontaneous behaviour and cholinergic susceptibility in adult mice. Neurotoxicology 29: 911-19.
129. Johnson-Restrepo, B., Addink, R., Wong, C., Arcaro, K., and Kannan, K. 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from Massachusetts, USA. J. Environ. Monitor. 9: 1205-12. (Pubitemid 350045979)
130. Johnson-Restrepo, B., and Kannan, K. 2009. An assessment of sources and pathways of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the United States. Chemosphere 76: 542-48.
131. Kadekaro, M. 2004. Nitric oxide modulation of the hypothalamo- neurohypophyseal system. Brazil. J. Med. Biol. Res. 37: 441-50. (Pubitemid 38618541)
132. Kadekaro, M., Su, G., Chu, R., Lei, Y., Li, J., and Fang, L. 2006. Nitric oxide up-regulates the expression of calcium-dependent potassium channels in the supraoptic nuclei and neural lobe of rats following dehydration. Neurosci. Lett. 404: 50-55. (Pubitemid 44041788)
133. Kadowaki, K., Kishimoto, J., Leng, G., and Emson, P. C. 1994. Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene expression together with NOS activity in the rat hypothalamo-hypophysial system after chronic salt loading: Evidence of a neu-romodulatory role of nitric oxide in argi-nine vasopressin and oxytocin secretion. Endocrinology 134: 1011-1017.
134. Kala, S. V., Hawkins, D. H., and Jodhav, A. L. 1996. Low-level subchronic exposure to lead does not affect nitric oxide synthase activity in rat frontal cortex. Toxic Subst. Mech. 15: 333-41. (Pubitemid 26346588)
135. Kamat, A., Yu, W. H., Rettori, V., and McCann, S. M. 1995. Glutamic acid induces luteiniz-ing hormone releasing hormone release via alpha receptors. Brain Res. Bull. 37: 233-235.
136. Karanth, S., Yu, W. H., Mastronardi, C. M., and McCann, S. M. 2004. 17 Beta-estradiol stimulates ascorbic acid and LHRH release from the medial basal hypothalamus in adult male rats. Exp. Biol. Med. 229: 926-34. (Pubitemid 39539378)
137. Kavlock, R. J., and Ankley, G. T. 1996. A perspective on the risk assessment process for endocrine-disruptive effects on wildlife and human health. Risk Anal. 16: 731-39. (Pubitemid 27044415)
138. Kawajiri, K., and Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. 2007. Cytochrome P450 gene regulation and physiological functions mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 464: 207-12. (Pubitemid 47210921)
139. Kaya, H., Hany, J., Fastabend, A., Roth-Härer, A., Winneke, G., and Lilienthal, H. 2002. Effects of maternal exposure to a reconstituted mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls on sex-dependent behaviors and steroid hormone concentrations in rats: dose-response relationship. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 178: 71-81. (Pubitemid 34135435)
140. Kelly, B. C., Ikonomou, M. G., Blair, J. D., and Gobas, F. A. 2008. Bioaccumulation behavior of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a Canadian Arctic marine food web. Sci. Total Environ.401: 60-72.
141. Keserü, G. M., Volk, B., and Balogh, G. T. 2000. Cytochrome P450 catalyzed nitric oxide synthesis: a theoretical study. J. Biomol. Struct. Dynamics 17: 759-67. (Pubitemid 30101995)
142. Khan, M. A., and Hansen, L. G. 2003. Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (95 or 101) decrease pituitary response to thyrotropin releasing hormone. Toxicol. Lett. 144: 173-82. (Pubitemid 36966726)
143. Khan, I. A., and Thomas, P. 2004. Vitamin E co-treatment reduces Aroclor 1254-induced impairment of reproductive neuroendocrine function in Atlantic croaker. Mar. Environ. Res. 58: 333-36. (Pubitemid 38738898)
144. Khan, M. A., Lichtensteiger, C. A., Faroon, O., Mumtaz, M., Schaeffer, D. J., and Hansen, L. G. 2002. The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis: A target of nonpersistent ortho-substituted PCB congeners. Toxicol. Sci. 65: 52-61. (Pubitemid 34092690)
145. Kim, I. S., Ariyaratne, H. B., and Chamindrani Mendis-Handagama, S. M. 2001. Effects of continuous and intermittent exposure of lac-tating mothers to Aroclor 1242 on testicular steroidogenic function in the adult male offspring. Tissue Cell 33: 169-77. (Pubitemid 32457849)
146. Kleppisch, T., and Feil, R. 2009. cGMP signaling in the mammalian brain: Role in synaptic plasticity and behaviour. Handbook Exp. Pharmacol. 191: 549-79.
147. Kleppisch, T., Pfeifer, A., Klatt, P., Ruth, P., Montkowski, A., Fässler, R., and Hofmann, F. 1999. Long-term potentiation in the hip-pocampal CA1 region of mice lacking cGMP-dependent kinases is normal and susceptible to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. J. Neurosci. 19: 48-55. (Pubitemid 29028948)
148. Knowles, R. G., and Moncada, S. 1994. Nitric oxide synthases in mammals. Biochem. J. 298: 249-58. (Pubitemid 24072462)
149. Kobayashi, K., Miyagawa, M., Wang, R. S., Suda, M., Sekiguchi, S., and Honma, T. 2008. Effects of in utero exposure to 2,2',4,4',5,5'- hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) on somatic growth and endocrine status in rat offspring. Congenital Anomalies (Kyoto) 48: 151-57.
150. Kodavanti, P. R., and Curras-Collazo, M. C. 2010. Neuroendocrine actions of organohalogens: Thyroid hormones, argi-nine vasopressin, and neuroplasticity. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 31: 479-96.
151. Kodavanti, P. R. S., Coburn, C. G., Moser, V. C, MacPhail, R. C, Fenton, S. E., Stoker, T. E., Rayner, J. L., Kannan, K., and Birnbaum, L. S. 2010. Developmental exposure to a commercial PBDE mixture, DE-71: Neuro-behavioral, hormonal, and reproductive effects. Toxicol. Sci. 116: 297-312.
152. Kodavanti, P. R., and Tilson, H. A. 2000. Neurochemical effects of environmental chemicals: In vitro and in vivo correlations on second messenger pathways. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 919: 97-105.
153. Kombian, S. B., Hirasawa, M., Mouginot, D., and Pittman, Q. J. 2002. Modulation of synaptic transmission by oxytocin and vasopressin in the supraoptic nucleus. Prog. Brain Res. 139: 235-46. (Pubitemid 35460893)
154. Kuriyama, S. N., Talsness, C. E., Grote, K., and Chahoud, I. 2005. Developmental exposure to low dose PBDE 99: Effects on male fertility and neurobehavior in rat offspring. Environ. Health Perspect. 113: 149-54. (Pubitemid 40326323)
155. Lafuente, A., Cabaleiro, T., Cano, P., and Esquifino, A. I. 2006. Toxic effects of methoxychlor on the episodic prolactin secretory pattern: Possible mediated effects of nitric oxide production. J. Circadian Rhythms 4: 3-12.
156. Lafuente, A., and Esquifino, A. I. 1999. Cadmium effects on hypothalamic activity and pituitary hormone secretion in the male. Toxicol. Lett. 110: 209-18. (Pubitemid 29528256)
157. Langer, P., Tajtaková, M., Kocan, A., Vlcek, M., Petrik, J., Chovancova, J., Drobna, B., Jursa, S., Pavuk, M., Trnovec, T., Sebokova, E., and Klimes, I. 2006. Multiple organochlorine pollution and the thyroid. Endocr. Regul.40: 46-52. (Pubitemid 44788378)
158. Langer, P., Tajtakova, M., Fodor, G., Kocan, A., Bohov, P., Michalek, J., and Kreze, A. 1998. Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 139: 402-9. (Pubitemid 28494084)
159. Lasley, S. M., and Gilbert, M. E. 2000. Glutamatergic components underlying lead-induced impairments in hippocampal synap-tic plasticity. Neurotoxicology 21: 1057-68.
160. Lee, B., Hiney, J. K., Pine, M. D., Srivastava, V. K., and Dees, W. L. 2007. Manganese stimulates luteinizing hormone releasing hormone secretion in prepubertal female rats: Hypothalamic site and mechanism of action. J. Physiol. 578: 765-72. (Pubitemid 46165508)
161. Lee, J. Y., Kim, J. W., Lim, H. S., Joo, W. H., Cho, Y. K., and Moon, J. Y 2005. Changes in antioxidant defense systems by 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl exposure in neuronal SK-N-MC cells. Toxicol. Lett. 157: 139-49.
162. Lee, M. Y, Jung, B. I., Chung, S. M., Bae, O. N., Lee, J. Y, Park, J. D., Yang, J. S., Lee, H., and Chung, J. H. 2003. Arsenic-induced dysfunction in relaxation of blood vessels. Environ. Health Perspect. 111: 513-17. (Pubitemid 36546532)
163. Lema, S. C, Dickey, J. T, Schultz, I. R., and Swanson, P. 2008. Dietary exposure to 2, 20, 4, 40-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47) alters thyroid status and thyroid hormone-regulated gene transcription in the pituitary and brain. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 1694-99.
164. Leon-Olea, M., Talavera-Cuevas, E., Sanchez-Islas, E., Mucio-Ramirez, S., Miller-Perez, C., Coburn, C., Gillard, E. and Currás-Collazo, M. C. 2004. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on nitrergic neurons and nitric oxide synthase activity in rat pup brain. Program No. 759.10. Abstract Viewer/Itinerary Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, Online.
165. Lilienthal, H., Hack, A., Roth-Härer, A., Grande, S. W., and Talsness, C. E. 2006. Effects of developmental exposure to 2,2, 4,4, 5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) on sex steroids, sexual development, and sexually dimorphic behavior in rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 114: 194-201. (Pubitemid 43193639)
166. Lilienthal, H., Neuf, M., Munoz C., and Winneke, G. 1990. Behavioral effects of pre-and postnatal exposure to a mixture of low chlorinated PCBs in rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 15: 457-67. (Pubitemid 20362393)
167. Lin, S. M., Chen, F. A., Huang, Y. F., Hsing, L. L., Chen, L. L., Wu, L. S., Liu, T. S., Chang-Chien, G. P., Chen, K. C., and Chao, H. R. 2010. Negative associations between PBDE levels and thyroid hormones in cord blood. Int. J.Hyg. Environ. Health. November 22. Epub ahead of print [PMID: 21106438].
168. Lipton, S. A., Choi, Y. B., Pan, Z. H., Lei, S.Z., Chen, H. S., Sucher, N. J., Loscalzo, J., Singel, D. J., and Stamler, J. S. 1993. A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 364: 626-32. (Pubitemid 23274719)
169. Liu, X., Miller, M. J., Joshi, M. S., Sadowska-Krowicka, H., Clark, D. A., and Lancaster, J. R. 1998. Diffusion-limited reaction of free nitric oxide with erythrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 18709-13. (Pubitemid 28366253)
170. Llansola, M., Erceg, S., Monfort, P., Montoliu, C., and Felipo, V. 2007. Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenylether 99 enhances the function of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in brain in vivo and in cultured neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 25: 373-79.
171. Llansola, M., Montoliu, C., Boix, J., and Felipo, V. 2010. Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB 52, PCB 180, and PCB 138 impair the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture by different mechanisms. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23: 813-20.
172. Llansola, M., Piedrafita, B., Rodrigo, R., Montoliu, C., and Felipo, V. 2009. Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB 153 and PCB 126 impair the glutamate-nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in cerebellar neurons in culture by different mechanisms. Neurotoxicol. Res. 16: 97-105.
173. Lloyd-Smith, M., and Sheffield-Brotherton, B. 2008. Children's environmental health: Intergenerational equity in action\A civil society perspective. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1140: 190-200.
174. Lozach, A., Garrel, G., Lerrant, Y., Bérault, A., and Counis, R. 1998. GnRH-dependent up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase I level in pituitary gonadotrophs mediates cGMP elevation during rat proestrus. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 143: 43-51. (Pubitemid 28458741)
175. Ludwig, M., and Leng, G. 1997. Autoinhibition of supraoptic nucleus vasopressin neurons in vivo: a combined retrodialysis/electrophysiological study in rats. Eur. J.Neurosci. 9: 2532-2540. (Pubitemid 28082942)
176. Ludwig, M., and Leng, G. 2006. Dendritic pep-tide release and peptide-dependent behaviours. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7: 126-36. (Pubitemid 43151599)
177. Ludwig, M., Williams, K., Callahan, M. F., and Morris, M. 1996. Salt loading abolishes osmotically stimulated vasopressin release within the supraoptic nucleus. Neurosci. Lett. 215: 1-4. (Pubitemid 26290498)
178. Lyche, J. L., Oskam, I. C., Skaare, J. U., Reksen, O., Sweeney, T., Dahl, E., Farstad, W., and Ropstad, E. 2004. Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to low doses of PCBs 126 and 153 on anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones and on puberty in female goats. Reprod. Toxicol. 19: 87-95. (Pubitemid 39164881)
179. Maeda, K., Ohkura, S., Uenoyama, Y., Wakabayashi, Y., Oka, Y., Tsukamura, H., and Okamura, H. 2010. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying GnRH pulse generation by the hypothalamus. Brain Res. 1364: 103-15.
180. Main, K. M., Kiviranta, H., Virtanen, H. E., Sundqvist, E., Tuomisto, J. T., and Tuomisto, J. 2007. Flame retardants in placenta and breast milk and cryptorchidism in newborn boys. Environ. Health Perspect. 115: 1519-26. (Pubitemid 47618096)
181. Mani, S. K., Allen, J. M. C., Rettori, V., O'Malley, B. W., Clark, J. H., and McCann, S. M. 1994. Nitric oxide mediates sexual behavior in female rats by stimulating LHRH release. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 6468-72. (Pubitemid 24200682)
182. Mariussen, E., and Fonnum, F. 2001. The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the high affinity uptake of the neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA, into rat brain synaptosomes. Toxicology 159: 11-21. (Pubitemid 32201879)
183. Mariussen, E., Myhre, O., Reistad, T., and Fonnum, F. 2002. The polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 induces death of rat cerebellar granule cells: The involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and reactive oxygen species. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 179: 137-44. (Pubitemid 34279406)
184. Marletta, M. A. 1993. Nitric oxide synthase: Function and mechanism. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 338: 281-84. (Pubitemid 23340594)
185. Martini, M., Miceli, D., Gotti, S., Viglietti-Panzica, C., Fissore, E., Palanza, P., and Panzica, G. 2010. Effects of perinatal administration of bisphenol A on the neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing system in the hypothalamus and limbic system of CD1 mice. J. Neuroendocrinol. 22: 1004-12.
186. Mazdai, A., Dodder, N. G., Abernathy, M. P., Hites, R. A., and Bigsby, R. M. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples. Environ. Health Perspect. 111: 1249-52. (Pubitemid 36939409)
187. McCann, S. M., Kimura, M., Walczewska, A., Karanth, S., Rettori, V., and Yu, W. H. 1998. Hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion by LHRH, FSHRF, NO, cytokines, and leptin. Domestic Anim. Endocrinol. 15: 333-44. (Pubitemid 29305015)
188. McCann, S. M., Mastronardi, C., Walczewska, A., Karanth, S., Rettori, V., and Yu, W. H. 1999. The role of nitric oxide in reproduction. Brazil. J. Med. Biol. Res. 32: 1367-79. (Pubitemid 129544255)
189. McCarthy, M. M. 2008. Estradiol and the developing brain. Physiol. Rev. 88: 91-124.
190. McEwen, B. S. 1983. Gonadal steroid influences on brain development and sexual differentiation. Int. Rev. Physiol. 27: 99-145.
191. McKinley, M. J., Mathai, M. L., McAllen, R. M., McClear, R. G., Miselis, R. R., Pennington, G. L., Vivas, L., Wade, J. D., and Oldfield, B. J. 2004. Vasopressin secretion, osmotic and hormonal regulation by the lamina terminals. J. Neuroendocrinol. 16: 340-47. (Pubitemid 38618651)
192. McKinney, J. D., and Waller, C. L. 1998. Moleculare determinants of hormone mimicry: Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 1: 27-58. (Pubitemid 128693555)
193. Meeker, J. D., and Hauser, R. 2010. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and male reproduction. Biol. Reprod. Med. 56: 122-31.
194. Meeker, J. D., Johnson, P. I., Camann D., and Hauser, R. 2009. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in house dust are related to hormone levels in men. Sci. Total Environ. 407: 3425-29.
195. Meerts, I. A., Letcher, R. J., Hoving, S., Marsh, G., Bergman, A., Lemmen, J. G., van der Burg, B., and Brouwer, A. 2001. In vitro estrogenicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated PDBEs, and polybromi-nated bisphenol A compounds. Environ. Health Perspect.109: 399-407. (Pubitemid 32451650)
196. Meironyte, D., Noren, K., and Bergman, A. 1999. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human milk. A time-related trend study 1972-1997. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 58: 329-341.
197. Minc-Golomb, D., Tsarfaty, I., and Schwartz, J. P. 1994. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by neurons following exposure to endotoxin and cytokine. Br. J. Pharmacol. 112: 720-722. (Pubitemid 24199072)
198. Mize, R. R. 1998. Nitric oxide in brain development, plasticity, and disease. Progress in Brain Research Vol. 118. New York: Elsevier Science.
199. Morck, A., Hakk, H., Orn, U., and Klasson Wehler, E. 2003. Decabromodiphenyl ether in the rat: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Drug Metab. Dispos.31: 900-7. (Pubitemid 36759060)
200. Moretto, M., López, F. J., and Negro-Vilar, A. 1993. Nitric oxide regulates luteiniz-ing hormone-releasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 133: 2399-402. (Pubitemid 23324754)
201. Murai, K., Okamura, K., Tsuji, H., Kajiwara, E., Watanabe, H., Akagi, K., and Fujishima, M. 1987. Thyroid function in 'yusho' patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Environ. Res. 44: 179-87. (Pubitemid 18028897)
202. Murugesan, P., Muthusamy, T., Balasubramanian, K., and Arunakaran, J. 2005. Studies on the protective role of vitamin C and E against polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254)-induced oxidative damage in Leydig cells. Free Radical Res. 39: 1259-72. (Pubitemid 41601429)
203. Murugesan, P., Balaganesh, M., Balasubramanian, K., and Arunakaran, J. 2007. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on steroidogenesis and antioxidant system in cultured adult rat Leydig cells. J. Endocrinol. 192: 325-38. (Pubitemid 46444433)
204. Murugesan, P., Muthusamy, T., Balasubramanian, K., and Arunakaran, J. 2008. Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) inhibits testosterone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cultured rat Leydig cells. Reprod. Toxicol. 25: 447-54.
205. Nelson, R. J., Kriegsfeld, L. J., Dawson, V. L., and Dawson, T. M. 1997. Effects of nitric oxide on neuroendocrine function and behavior. Front. Neuroendocrinol 18: 463-91. (Pubitemid 27463184)
206. Niemi, W. D., Audi, J., Bush, B., and Carpenter, D. O. 1998. PCBs reduce long-term potenti-ation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Exp. Neurol. 151: 26-34. (Pubitemid 28223853)
207. Oakley, G. G., Devanaboyina, U., Robertson, L. W., and Gupta, R. C. 1996. Oxidative DNA damage induced by activation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Implications for PCB-induced oxidative stress in breast cancer. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9: 1285-92. (Pubitemid 26403833)
208. O'Dell, T. J., Hawkins, R. D., Kandel, E. R., and Arancio, O. 1991. Tests of the roles of two diffusible substances in long-term potentiation: Evidence for nitric oxide as a possible early retrograde messenger. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 11285-89. (Pubitemid 21916025)
209. Ohtake, F., Takeyama, K., Matsumoto, T., Kitagawa, H., Yamamoto, Y., Nohara, K., Tohyama, C., Krust, A., Mimura, J., Chambon, P., Yanagisawa, J., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., and Kato, S. 2003. Modulation of oestrogen receptor signalling by association with the activated dioxin receptor. Nature 423: 545-50. (Pubitemid 36648579)
210. Ojeda, S. R., Harms, P. G., and McCann, S. M. 1974. Effect of blockade of dopamin-ergic receptors on prolactin and LH release: Median eminence and pituitary sites of action. Endocrinology 94: 1650-57.
211. Ojeda, S. R., Negro-Vilar, A., and McCann, S. M. 1979. Catecholaminergic modulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by median eminence terminals in vitro. Endocrinology 104: 617-24.
212. Omori, N., Fukata, H., Sato, K., Yamazaki, K., Aida-Yasuoka, K., Takigami, H., Kuriyama, M., Ichinose, M., and Mori, C. 2007. Polychlorinated biphenyls alter the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 26: 811-16. (Pubitemid 350221396)
213. Oros, D. R., Hoover, D., Rodigari, F., Crane, D., and Sericano, J. 2005. Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water, surface sediments, and bivalves from the San Francisco Estuary. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39: 33-41. (Pubitemid 40066270)
214. Ota, K. T., Monsey, M. S., Wu, M. S., and Schafe, G. E. 2010. Synaptic plasticity and NO-cGMP-PKG signaling regulate pre-and postsynaptic alterations at rat lateral amygdala synapses following fear conditioning. PLoS One 5: e11236-50.
215. Ozcan, M., Yilmaz, B., King, W. M., and Carpenter, D. O. 2004. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is reduced by a coplanar PCB congener. Neurotoxicology 25: 981-88. (Pubitemid 39335590)
216. Patterson, D. G., Todd, G. D., Turner, W. E., Maggio, V., Alexander, L. R., and Needham, L. 1994. Levels of non-ortho-substituted (coplanar), mono-and di-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzo-furans in human serum and adipose tissue. Environ. Health Perspect.102: 195-204. (Pubitemid 24083120)
217. Paton, J. F., Kasparov, S., and Paterson, D. J. 2002. Nitric oxide and autonomic control of heart rate: A question of specificity. Trends Neurosci. 25: 626-31. (Pubitemid 35356510)
218. Perello, M., Stuart, R. C., Vaslet, C. A., and Nillni, E. A. 2007. Cold exposure increases the biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus via beta-adrenoreceptors. Endocrinology 148: 4952-64. (Pubitemid 47481561)
219. Pi, J., Kumagai, Y., Sun, G., Yamauchi, H., Yoshida, T., Iso, H., Endo, A., Yu, L., Yuki, K., Miyauchi, T., and Shimojo, N. 2000. Decreased serum concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites among Chinese in an endemic area of chronic arsenic poisoning in Inner Mongolia. Free Radical Biol. Med. 28: 1137-42. (Pubitemid 30314713)
220. Pi, J., Horiguchi, S., Sun, Y., Nikaido, M., Shimojo, N., Hayashi, T., Yamauchi, H., Itoh, K., Yamamoto, M., Sun, G., Waalkes, M. P., and Kumagai, Y. 2003. A potential mechanism for the impairment of nitric oxide formation caused by prolonged oral exposure to arsenate in rabbits. Free Radical Biol. Med. 35: 102-13. (Pubitemid 36782341)
221. Piedrafita, B., Erceg, S., Cauli, O., Monfort, P., and Felipo, V. 2008. Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls PCB153 or PCB126 impairs learning ability in young but not in adult rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 27: 177-82.
222. Plant, T. M., Gay, V. L., Marshall, G. R., and Arslan, M. 1989. Puberty in monkeys is triggered by chemical stimulation of the hypothalamus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 2506-10. (Pubitemid 19102537)
223. Poliandri, A. H., Esquifino, A. I., Cano, P., Jiménez, V., Lafuente, A., Cardinali, D. P., and Duvilanski, B. H. 2006a. In vivo protective effect of melatonin on cadmium-induced changes in redox balance and gene expression in rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. J. Pineal Res. 41: 238-46. (Pubitemid 44337719)
224. Poliandri, A. H., Machiavelli, L. I., Quinteros, A. F., Cabilla, J. P., and Duvilanski, B. H. 2006b. Nitric oxide protects the mitochondria of anterior pituitary cells and prevents cadmium-induced cell death by reducing oxidative stress. Free Radical Biol. Med. 40: 679-88. (Pubitemid 43170820)
225. Prast, H., and Philippu, A. 2001. Nitric oxide as modulator of neuronal function. Prog. Neurobiol. 64: 51-68. (Pubitemid 32201889)
226. Prestifilippo, J. P., Fernández-Solari, J., Mohn, C., De Laurentiis, A., McCann, S. M., Dees, W., and Rettori, V. 2007. Effect of manganese on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion in adult male rats. Toxicol. Sci. 97: 75-80. (Pubitemid 47072157)
227. Qiu, S., Jebelli, A. K., Ashe, J. H., and Currás-Collazo, M. C. 2009. Domoic acid induces a long-lasting enhancement of CA1 field responses and impairs tetanus-induced long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Toxicol. Sci. 111: 140-150.
228. 2+)-stimulated nitric oxide syn-thase activity from rat cerebellum. Neurosci. Lett. 196: 65-68.
229. Rao, K. M. K. 2000. Molecular mechanisms regulating iNOS expression in various cell types. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 3: 27-58.
230. Reid, I. A. 1994. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of renin and vasopressin secretion. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 15: 351-83.
231. Rettori, V., Belova, N., Dees, W. L., Nyberg, C. L., Gimeno, M., and McCann, S. M. 1993. Role of nitric oxide in the control of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 10130-34. (Pubitemid 23328265)
232. Rettori, V. Fernandez-Solari, J., Mohn, C., Zorrilla Zubilete, M. A., De La Cal, C., Prestifilippo, J. P., and De Laurentiis, A. 2009. Nitric oxide at the crossroad of immunoneuroendocrine interactions. Ann. NYAcad. Sci. 1153: 35-47.
233. Rettori, V, Gimeno, M., Lyson, K., and McCann, S. M. 1992. Nitric oxide mediates norepinephrine-induced prostaglandin E2 release from the hypothalamus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 11543-46.
234. Reynoso, R., Cardoso, N., Szwarcfarb, B., Carbone, S., Ponzo, O., Moguilevsky, J. A., and Scacchi, P. 2007. Nitric oxide syn-thase inhibition prevents leptin induced Gn-RH release in prepubertal and peripubertal female rats. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 115: 423-27. (Pubitemid 47234641)
235. Rice, D. C., and Hayward, S. 1999. Effects of exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) throughout gestation and lactation on behavior (concurrent random interval-random interval and progressive ratio performance) in rats. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 21: 679-87. (Pubitemid 29494957)
236. Rice, D. C., Reeve, E. A., Herlihy, A., Zoeller, R. T., Thompson, W. D., and Markowski, V. P. 2007. Developmental delays and locomotor activity in the C57BL6/J mouse following neonatal exposure to the fully-brominated PBDE, decabro-modiphenyl ether. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 29: 511-20. (Pubitemid 46818892)
237. Riedel, G., Platt, B., and Micheau, J. 2003. Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory. Behav. Brain Res. 140: 1-47. (Pubitemid 36313239)
238. Rios, R., Zarazua, S., Santoyo, M. E., Sepulveda-Saavedra, J., Romero-Diaz, V., Jimenez, V, Perez-Severiano, F., Vidal-Cantu, G., Delgado, J. M., and Jimenez-Capdeville, M. E. 2009. Decreased nitric oxide markers and morphological changes in the brain of arsenic-exposed rats. Toxicology 261: 68-75.
239. Roegge, C. S., Seo, B. W, Crofton, K. M., and Schantz, S. L. 2000. Gestational-lactational exposure to Aroclor 1254 impairs radial-arm maze performance in male rats. Toxicol. Sci. 57: 121-30.
240. Romberg, C., Raffel, J., Martin, L., Sprengel, R., Seeburg, P. H., Rawlins, J. N., Bannerman, D. M., and Paulsen, O. 2009. Induction and expression of GluA1 (GluR-A)-independent LTP in the hippocampus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 29: 1141-52.
241. Ropstad, E., Oskam, I. C., Lyche, J. L., Larsen, H. J., Lie, E., Haave, M., Dahl, E., Wiger, R., and Skaare, J. U. 2006. Endocrine disruption induced by organochlorines (OC): Field studies and experimental models. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 69: 53-76. (Pubitemid 41715158)
242. Roze, E., Meijer, L., Bakker, A., Van Braeckel, K. N., Sauer, P. J., and Bos, A. F. 2009. Prenatal exposure to organohalo-gens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age. Environ. Health Perspect. 117: 1953-58.
243. Rubin, B. S., Murray, M. K., Damassa, D. A., King, J. C., and Soto, A. M. 2001. Perinatal exposure to low doses of bisphenol-A affects body weight, patterns of estrous cyclic-ity and plasma LH levels. Environ. Health Perspect.109: 675-80. (Pubitemid 32785423)
244. Sabatier, N., Shibuya, I., and Dayanithi, G. 2004. Intracellular calcium increase and somatodendritic vasopressin release by vasopressin receptor agonists in the rat supraoptic nucleus: Involvement of multiple intracellular transduction signals. J. Neuroendocrinol. 16: 221-36. (Pubitemid 38425796)
245. Safe, S. H. 1994. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24: 87-149. (Pubitemid 24186961)
246. Sager, D. B. 1983. Effects of postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on adult male reproductive function. Environ. Res. 31: 76-94. (Pubitemid 13065847)
247. Sager, D. B., and Girard, D. M. 1994. Long-term effects on reproductive parameters in female rats after translactational exposure to PCBs. Environ. Res. 66: 52-76. (Pubitemid 24206005)
248. Salvemini, D., Misko, T. P., Masferrer, J. L., Seibert, K., Currie, M. G., and Needleman, P. 1993. Nitric oxide activates cyclooxygenase enzymes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7240-44. (Pubitemid 23222425)
249. Schantz, S. L., Levin, E. D., and Bowman, R. E. 1991. Long-term neurobehavioral effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in monkeys. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10: 747-56.
250. Schantz, S. L., Moshtaghian, J., and Ness, D. K. 1995. Spatial learning deficits in adult rats exposed to ortho-substituted PCB congeners during gestation and lactation. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 26: 117-26.
251. Schantz, S. L., Seo, B. W., Moshtaghian, J., Peterson, R. E., and Moore, R. W. 1996. Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs on spatial learning. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 18: 305-13. (Pubitemid 26199582)
252. Schantz, S. L., Seo, B. W., Wong, P. W., and Pessah, I. N. 1997. Long-term effects of developmental exposure to 2,3',3,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) on locomotor activity spatial learning and memory and brain ryanodine binding. Neurotoxicology 18: 457-67.
253. Schecter, A., Pavuk, M., Päpke, O., Ryan, J. J., Birnbaum, L., and Rosen, R. 2003. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers' milk. Environ. Health Perspect. 111: 1723-29. (Pubitemid 37407931)
254. Schecter, A., Päpke, O., Joseph, J. E., and Tung, K. C. 2005. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. computers and domestic carpet vacuuming: Possible sources of human exposure. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 68: 501-13. (Pubitemid 40349950)
255. Schecter, A., Johnson-Wech, S., Tung, K. C., Harris, T. R., Papke, O., and Rosen, R. 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in livers of U.S. human festuses and newb-orns. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 70: 1-6. (Pubitemid 46019518)
256. Schriks, M., Roessig, J. M., Murk, A. J., and Furlow, J. D. 2007. Thyroid hormone receptor isoform selectivity of thyroid hormone disrupting compounds quantified with an in vitro reporter gene assay. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 23: 302-7. (Pubitemid 46274479)
257. Schuman, E. M., Meffert, M. K., Schulman, H., and Madison, D. V. 1994. An ADP-ribosyltransferase as a potential target for nitric oxide action in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 11958-62. (Pubitemid 24368583)
258. Seegal, R. F., Brosch, K. O., and Okoniewski, R. J. 2005. Coplanar PCB congeners increase uterine weight and frontal cortical dopamine in the developing rat: Implications for developmental neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci. 86: 125-31. (Pubitemid 41511357)
259. Seegal, R. F., Bush, B., and Brosch, K. O. 1991. Sub-chronic exposure of the adult rat to Aroclor 1254 yields regionally-specific changes in central dopaminergic function. Neurotoxicology 12: 55-65.
260. Serulle, Y., Zhang, S., Ninan, I., Puzzo, D., McCarthy, M., Khatri, L., Arancio, O., and Ziff, E. B. 2007. A GluR1-cGKII interaction regulates AMPA receptor trafficking. Neuron 56: 670-88. (Pubitemid 350102028)
261. Shah, A., Coburn, C., Watson-Siroboe, A., Whitley, R., Shahidizadeh, A., Gillard, E. R., Leon-Olea, M., Gaertner, M., Nichol, R., Kodavanti, P. R. S., and Currás-Collazo, M. C. In press. Altered cardiovascular and osmoregulatory responses after physiological activation displayed by adult rats develop-mentally exposed to PBDEs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
262. She, J., Holden, A., Sharp, M., Tanner, M., Williams-Derry, C., and Hooper, K. 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk from the Pacific Northwest. Chemosphere 67: 307-17.
263. Sharma, R., and Kodavanti, P. R. S. 2002. In vitro effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and hydroxy metabolites on nitric oxide syn-thases in rat brain. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 178: 127-36. (Pubitemid 34214661)
264. Shimizu, K., Tsukazaki, N., Watanabe, M., Ogawa, F., Kondo, T., and Katayama, I. 2002. Letter to the editor. Toxicol. Ind. Health 18: 45.
265. Shimizu, K., Ogawa, F., Thiele, J. J., Lee, J. B., Bae, S., and Sato, S. 2008. Increased levels of urinary nitrite and nitrotyrosine in Yusho victims 40 years after accidental poisoning with polychlorinated biphenyls in Nagasaki, Japan. J. Appl. Toxicol. 28: 1040-44.
266. Shin, J. H., and Linden, D. J. 2005. An NMDA receptor/nitric oxide cascade is involved in cerebellar LTD but is not localized to the parallel fiber terminal. J. Neurophysiol. 94: 4281-89. (Pubitemid 41691785)
267. Smith, T. D., Adams, M. M., Gallagher, M., Morrison, J. H., and Rapp, P. R. 2000. Circuit-specific alterations in hippocam-pal synaptophysin immunoreactivity predict spatial learning impairment in aged rats. J. Neurosci. 20: 6587-93.
268. Sonnenschein, C., and Soto, A. M. 1998. An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 65: 143-50. (Pubitemid 28335600)
269. Stadler, J., Trockfield, J., Schmalix, W. A., Brill, T., Siewert, J. R., Greim, H., and Doehmer, J. 1994. Inhibition of cytochromes P4501A by nitric oxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 3559-63. (Pubitemid 24139469)
270. Steinberg, R. M., Walker, D. M., Juenger, T. E., Woller, M. J., and Gore, A. C. 2008. Effects of perinatal polychlorinated biphenyls on adult female rat reproduction: Development, reproductive physiology, and second generational effects. Biol. Reprod. 78: 1091-101. (Pubitemid 351749295)
271. Stern, J. E., and Ludwig, M. 2001. NO inhibits supraoptic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons via activation of GABAergic synaptic inputs. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 280: R1815-22.
272. Stern, J. E., and Zhang, W. 2005. Cellular sources, targets and actions of constitutive nitric oxide in the magnocellular neurose-cretory system of the rat. J. Physiol. 562: 725-44. (Pubitemid 40246789)
273. Stern, J. E. 2004. Nitric oxide and homeostatic control: An intercellular signaling molecule contributing to autonomic and neuroen-docrine integration? Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 84: 197-215. (Pubitemid 38215212)
274. Stoker, T. E., Cooper, R. L., Lambright, C. S., Wilson, V. S., Furr, J., and Gray, L. E. 2005. In vivo and in vitro anti-androgenic effects of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 207: 78-88. (Pubitemid 41073761)
275. Stoker, T. E., Laws, S. C., Crofton, K. M., Hedge, J. M., Ferrell, J. M., and Cooper, R. L. 2004. Assessment of DE-71, a commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture, in the EDSP male and female pubertal protocols. Toxicol. Sci. 78: 144-55. (Pubitemid 38351433)
276. Stuehr, D. J., and Marletta, M. A. 1985. Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: Mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysac-charide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 7738-42. (Pubitemid 16204424)
277. Stuehr, D. J. 1999. Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411: 217-30. (Pubitemid 29221951)
278. Stuehr, D. J., Kwon, N. S., and Nathan, C. F. 1990. FAD and GSH participate in macrophage synthesis of nitric oxide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168: 558-65. (Pubitemid 20164578)
279. Stuehr, D. J., and Marletta, M. A. 1985. Mammalian nitrate biosynthesis: Mouse macrophages produce nitrite and nitrate in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysac-charide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 7738-42. (Pubitemid 16204424)
280. Swanson, G. M., Ratcliffe, H. E., and Fischer, L. J. 1995. Human exposure to polychlori-nated biphenyls (PCBs): A critical assessment of the evidence for adverse health effects. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 21: 136-50.
281. Szabo, D. T., Richardson, V. M., Ross, D. G., Diliberto, J. J., Kodavanti, P. R. S., and Birnbaum, L. S. 2009. Effects of perinatal PBDE exposure on hepatic phase I, phase II, phase III, and deiodinase 1 gene expression involved in thyroid hormone metabolism in male rat pups. Toxicol. Sci. 107: 27-39.
282. Talsness, C. E., Kuriyama, S. N., Sterner-Kock, A., Schnitker, P., Grande, S. W., Shakibaei, M., Andrade, A., Grote, K., and Chahoud, I. 2008. In utero and lactational exposures to low doses of polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 alter the reproductive system and thyroid gland of female rat offspring. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 308-14. (Pubitemid 351395597)
283. Talsness, C. E., Shakibaei, M., Kuriyama, S. N., Grande, S. W., Sterner-Kock, A., Schnitker, P., de Souza, C., Grote, K., and Chahoud, I. 2005. Ultrastructural changes observed in rat ovaries following in utero and lactational exposure to low doses of a polybrominated flame retardant. Toxicol. Lett. 157: 189-202. (Pubitemid 40726103)
284. Tanabe, S. 1988. PCB problems in the future: Foresight from current knowledge. Environ. Pollut. 50: 5-28. (Pubitemid 18068969)
285. Thomas, D. J. 2007. Molecular processes in cellular arsenic metabolism. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 222: 365-73. (Pubitemid 47198282)
286. Thomas, D. J., Styblo, M., and Lin, S. 2001. The cellular metabolism and systemic toxic-ity of arsenic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 176: 127-44. (Pubitemid 33015863)
287. Thuresson, K., Bergman, A., and Jakobsson, K. 2005. Occupational exposure to commercial decabromodiphenyl ether in workers manufacturing or handling flame-retarded rubber. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39: 1980-86. (Pubitemid 40490280)
288. Tilson, H. A. 2000. The role of developmental neurotoxicology studies in risk assessment. Toxicol. Pathol. 28: 149-56. (Pubitemid 30078217)
289. Tilson, H. A., Davis, G. J., McLachlan, J. A., and Lucier, G. W. 1979. The effects of poly-chlorinated biphenyls given prenatally on the neurobehavioral development of mice. Environ. Res.18: 466-74. (Pubitemid 9189667)
290. Toms, L. M., Harden, F., Paepke, O., Hobson, P., Ryan, J. J., and Mueller, J. F. 2008. Higher accumulation of poly-brominated diphenyl ethers in infants than in adults. Environ. Sci. Technol 42: 7510-15.
291. Toni, R., Della Casa, C., Castorina, S., Cocchi, D., and Celotti, F. 2005. Effects of hypothyroidism and endocrine disruptor-dependent non-thyroidal illness syndrome on the GnRH-gonadotroph axis of the adult male rat. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 28: 20-27.
292. Tsai, S. Y., Chou, H. Y., The, H. W., Chen, C. M., and Chen, C. J. 2003. The effects of chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water on the neurobehavioral development in adolescence. Neurotoxicology 24: 747-53.
293. Tsukamura, H., Homma, T., Tomikawa, J., Uenoyama, Y., and Maeda, K. 2010. Sexual differentiation of kisspeptin neurons responsible for sex difference in gonadotropin release in rats. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1200: 95-103.
294. Turyk, M. E., Persky, V. W., Imm, P., Knobeloch, L., Chatterton, R., and Anderson, H. A. 2008. Hormone disruption by PBDEs in adult male sport fish consumers. Environ. Health Perspect. 116: 1635-41.
295. Ueta, Y., Levy, A., Chowdrey, H. S., and Lightman, S. L. 1995. Inhibition of hypotha-lamic nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the rat paraventricular nucleus by food deprivation is independent of serotonin depletion. J. Neuroendocrinol. 7: 861-65.
296. Ulbrich, B., and Stahlmann, R. 2004. Developmental toxicity of polychlori-nated biphenyls (PCBs): A systematic review of experimental data. Arch. Toxicol. 78: 252-68. (Pubitemid 38757118)
297. Erratum: Arch. Toxicol. 78: 483-87.
298. Uribe, R. M., Cisneros, M., Vargas, M. A., Lezama, L., Cote-Vélez, A., Joseph-Bravo, P., and Charli, J. L. 2011. The systemic inhibition of nitric oxide production rapidly regulates TRH mRNA concentration in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothala-mus and serum TSH concentration. Studies in control and cold-stressed rats. Brain Res. 1367: 188-97
299. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Brominated diphenyl ethers in water, soil, sediment and tissue by HRGC/HRM. Method 1614. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology.
300. Vacher, C. M., Hardin-Pouzet, H., Steinbusche, H. W., Calas, A., and DeVente, J. 2003. The effects of nitric oxide on magnocellular neurons could involve multiple indirect cyclic GMP-dependent pathways. Eur. J. Neurosci. 17: 455-66. (Pubitemid 36255883)
301. Vargas, F. 2007. The endocrine system in chronic nitric oxide deficiency. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 156: 1-12. (Pubitemid 46553898)
302. Venkataraman, P., Sridhar, M., Dhanammal, S., Vijayababu, M. R., Arunkumar, A., Srinivasan, N., and Arunakaran, J. 2004. Effects of vitamin supplementation on PCB (Aroclor 1254)-induced changes in ventral prostaic androgen and estrogen receptors. Endocr. Res. 30: 469-80. (Pubitemid 39453093)
303. Viberg, H., Fredriksson, A., and Eriksson, P. 2003a. Neonatal exposure to poly-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 153) disrupts spontaneous behavior, impairs learning and memory, and decreases hip-pocampal cholinergic receptors in adult mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 192: 95-106. (Pubitemid 37194515)
304. Viberg, H., Fredriksson, A., Jakobsson, E., Orn, U., and Eriksson, P. 2003b. Neurobehavioral derangements in adult mice receiving decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development. Toxicol. Sci. 76: 112-20. (Pubitemid 37361890)
305. Viberg, H., Johansson, N., Fredriksson, A., Eriksson, J., Marsh, G., and Eriksson, P. 2006. Neonatal exposure to higher bromi-nated diphenyl ethers, hepta-, octa-, or nonabromodiphenyl ether, impairs spontaneous behavior and learning and memory functions of adult mice. Toxicol. Sci. 92: 211-18. (Pubitemid 43985803)
306. Viberg, H., Mundy, W., and Eriksson, P. 2008. Neonatal exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) results in changes in BDNF, CaMKII and GAP-43, biochemical substrates of neuronal survival, growth, and synaptogenesis. Neurotoxicology 29: 152-59.
307. Wang, X., and Robinson, P. J. 1997. Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and cellular signaling in the nervous system. J. Neurochem. 68: 443-56. (Pubitemid 27044703)
308. Wang, X. Q., Fang, J., Nunez, A. A., and Clemens, L. G. 2002. Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls affects sexual behavior of rats. Physiol. Behav. 75: 689-96. (Pubitemid 34521831)
309. Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Jin, Y., Zhong, Y., Yu, X., Li, G., Lv, X., and Sun, G. 2011. Effects of exogenous glutathione on arsenic burden and NO metabolism in brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water. Arch. Toxicol. 85: 177-84.
310. Weber, L. W. D., and Greim, H. 1997. The tox-icity of brominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenziofurans: An overview. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 50: 195-215.
311. Wilhelm, M., Ranft, U., Kramer, U., Wittsiepe, J., Lemm, F., Furst, P., Eberwin, G. and Winneke, G. 2008 Lack of neurodevelopmental adversity by prenatal exposure of infants to current lowered PCB levels: Comparison of two German birth cohort studies. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 71: 700-2. (Pubitemid 351999205)
312. Wood, J., and Garthwaite, J. 1994. Models of the diffusional spread of nitric oxide: Implications for neural nitric oxide signaling and its pharmacological properties. Neuropharmacology 33: 1235-44. (Pubitemid 24353714)
313. World Health Organization. 1994. Environmental health criteria 162. Brominated diphenyl ethers. Geneva, Switzerland: International Program on Chemical Safety, WHO. https://apps.who. int/dsa/cat97/zehc2.htm
314. Yamada, K., Hiramatsu, M., Noda, Y., Mamiya, T., Murai, M., Kameyama, T., Komori, Y., Nikai, T., Sugihara, H., and Nabeshima, T. 1996. Role of nitric oxide and cyclic GMP in the dizocilpine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in mice. Neuroscience 74: 365-74. (Pubitemid 26274208)
315. Yanagihara, D., and Kondo, I. 1996. Nitric oxide plays a key role in adaptive control of locomotion in cat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 13292-97. (Pubitemid 26382809)
316. Yang, C. Y. 2006. Does arsenic exposure increase the risk of development of peripheral vascular diseases in humans? J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 69: 1797-804.
317. Yu, W. H., Walczewska, A., Karanth, S., and McCann, S. M. 1997. Nitric oxide mediates leptin-induced luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH and leptininduced LH release from the pituitary gland. Endocrinology 138: 5055-58. (Pubitemid 27460948)
318. Yuan, J., Chen, L., Chen, D., Guo, H., Bi, X., Ju, Y., Jiang, P., Shi, J., Yu, Z., Yang, J., Li, L., Jiang, Q., Sheng, G., Fu, J., Wu, T., and Chen, X. 2008. Elevated serum polybrominated diphenyl ethers and thyroid-stimulating hormone associated with lymphocytic micronuclei in Chinese workers from an E-waste dismantling site. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42: 2195-200. (Pubitemid 351497723)
319. Xing, T., Chen, L., Tao, Y., Wang, M., Chen, J., and Ruan, D. Y. 2009. Effects of decabromi-nated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) exposure at different developmental periods on synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus of adult rats in vivo. Toxicol. Sci.110: 401-10.
320. Venkataraman, P., Sridhar, M., Dhanammal, S., Vijayababu, M. R., Arunkumar, A., Srinivasan, N., and Arunakaran, J. 2004.Effects of vitamin supplementation on PCB (Aroclor 1254)-induced changes in ventral prostatic androgen and estrogen receptors. Endocr. Res. 30: 469-80. (Pubitemid 39453093)
321. Zarazua, S., Perez-Severiano, F., Delgado, J. M., Martinez, L. M., Ortiz-Perez, D., and Jimenez-Capdeville, M. E. 2006. Decreased nitric oxide production in the rat brain after chronic arsenic exposure. Neurochem. Res. 31: 1069-1107.
322. Zhang, J., and Snyder, S. H. 1995. Nitric oxide in the nervous system. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 35: 213-233.
323. Zhang, J., Jiang, Y., Zhou, J., Wu, B., Liang, Y., Peng, Z., Fang, D., Liu, B., Huang, H., He, C., Wang, C., and Lu, F. 2010. Elevated body burdens of PBDEs, dioxins, and PCBs on thyroid hormone homeostasis at an electronic waste recycling site in China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44: 3956-62.
324. Zhou, J., Kim, D. D., and Peluffo, R. D. 2010. Nitric oxide can acutely modulate its biosynthesis through a negative feedback mechanism on L-arginine transport in cardiac myocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 299: C230-39.
325. Zhou, T., Ross, D. G., DeVito, M. J., and Crofton, K. M. 2011. Effects of short-term in vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormones and hepatic enzyme activities in weanling rats. Toxicol. Sci.61: 76-82.
326. Zhou, T., Taylor, M. M., DeVito, M. J., and Crofton, K. M. 2002. Developmental exposure to brominated diphenyl ethers results in thyroid hormone disruption. Toxicol. Sci. 66: 105-116. (Pubitemid 34202032)