Polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) inhibits testosterone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cultured rat Leydig cells

Reproductive Toxicology

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 447-454

  Murugesan, Palaniappan ^a   Muthusamy, Thirupathi ^a   Balasubramanian, Karundevi ^a   Arunakaran, Jagadeesan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS   (India)

Author keywords

Antioxidant enzymes; Leydig cells; LH receptors; PCBs; Reactive oxygen species; Steroidogenic enzymes

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; AROCLOR 1254; ASCORBIC ACID; CATALASE; CYTOCHROME P450; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TESTOSTERONE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL SURFACE; CELL VIABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; LEYDIG CELL; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MALE; NONHUMAN; RAT; TESTOSTERONE RELEASE; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS;

17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; 3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES; ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; ASCORBIC ACID; CELLS, CULTURED; CHLORODIPHENYL (54% CHLORINE); CHOLESTEROL SIDE-CHAIN CLEAVAGE ENZYME; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICAL; LEYDIG CELLS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MALE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; TESTOSTERONE; VITAMIN E;

ANIMALIA; RATTUS;

EID: 47249140327     PISSN: 08906238     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.04.003     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Jorgensen N., Andersen A.G., Eustache F., Irvine D.S., Suominen J., Petersen J.H., et al. Regional differences in semen quality in Europe. Hum Reprod 16 (2001) 1012-1019
2. Pflieger-Bruss S., Schuppe H.C., and Schill W.B. The male reproductive system and its susceptibility to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Andrologia 36 (2004) 337-345
3. Vidaeff A.C., and Sever L.E. In utero exposure to environmental estrogens and male reproductive health: a systematic review of biological and epidemiologic evidence. Reprod Toxicol 20 (2005) 5-20
4. Brevini T.A., Zanetto S.B., and Cillo F. Effects of endocrine disruptors on developmental and reproductive functions. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 5 (2005) 1-10
5. Ahlborg U.G., Brouwer A., Fingerhutm M.A., Jacobson J.L., Jacobson S.W., Kennedy S.W., et al. Impact of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls on human and environmental health, with special emphasis on application of the toxic equivalency factor concept. Eur J Pharmacol 228 (1992) 179-199
6. Sridhar M., Venkataraman P., Dhanammal S., Arunkumar A., Aruldhas M.M., Srinivasan N., et al. Impact of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) and vitamin C on antioxidant system of rat ventral prostate. Asian J Androl 6 (2004) 19-22
7. Murugesan P., Senthil kumar J., Balasubramanian K., Aruldhas M.M., and Arunakaran J. Impact of polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 on testicular antioxidant system in adult rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 24 (2005) 61-66
8. Kim I.S. Effects of exposure of lactating female rats to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on testis weight, sperm production and Sertoli cell numbers in the adult male offspring. J Vet Med Sci 63 (2001) 5-9
9. Kim I.S., Ariyaratne H.B., and Mendis-Handagama S.M.L.C. Effects of continuous and intermittent exposure of lactating mothers to Aroclor 1242 on testicular steroidogenic function in the adult male offspring. Tissue Cell 33 (2001) 169-177
10. Kovacevic R., Milorado V.M., Teodorovic I., and Andric S. Effect of PCBs on androgen production by suspension of adult rat Leydig cells in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 52 (1995) 595-597
11. Andric S.A., Kostic T.S., Stojilkovic S.S., and Kovacevic R.Z. Inhibition of rat testicular androgenesis by a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1248. Biol Reprod 62 (2000) 1882-1888
12. Murugesan P., Kanagaraj P., Yuvaraj S., Balasubramanian K., Aruldhas M.M., and Arunakaran J. The inhibitory effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on Leydig cell LH receptors, steroidogenic enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes in adult rats. Reprod Toxicol 20 (2005) 117-126
13. Halliwell B., and Gutteridge J.M. Free radicals, lipid peroxidation and cell damage. Lancet 2 (1984) 1095
14. Shen Y., and Sangiah S. Na+, K(+)-ATPase, glutathione, and hydroxyl free radicals in cadmium chloride-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 29 (1995) 174-179
15. Senthil kumar J., Banudevi S., Sharmila M., Murugesan P., Srinivasan N., Balasubramanian K., et al. Effects of vitamin C and E on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced oxidative stress, androgen binding protein and lactate in rat Sertoli cells. Reprod Toxicol 19 (2004) 201-208
16. Burton G.W., Joyce A., and Ingold K.U. Is vitamin E the only lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in human blood plasma and erythrocyte membranes?. Arch Biochem Biophys 221 (1983) 281-290
17. Burton K.P. Effects of 21-aminosteroids in neonatal rat cardiac myocyte cell cultures exposed to free radicals. Cardiovasc Res 28 (1994) 1500-1506
18. Chow C.K. Biological functions and metabolic fate of vitamin E revisited. J Biomed Sci 11 (2004) 295-302
19. Murugesan P., Muthusamy T., Balasubramanian K., and Arunakaran J. Studies on the protective role of vitamin C and E against polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254)-induced oxidative damage in Leydig cells. Free Radic Res 39 (2005) 1259-1272
20. Rigaudiere N., Loubassou S., Grizard G., and Boucher D. Characterization of insulin binding and comparative action of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I on purified Leydig cells from the adult rat. Int J Androl 11 (1988) 165-178
21. Aldred L.F., and Cooke B.A. The effect of cell damage on the density and steroidogenic capacity of rat testis Leydig cells, using an NADH exclusion test for determination of viability. J Steroid Biochem 18 (1983) 411-414
22. Sufi S.B., Donaldson A., and Jeffcoate SL. Testosterone and estradiol assay. World Health Organization collaborating centre for research and reference service in immunoassay of hormones in human reproduction. 10th edition (1986), WHO, Geneva 57-96
23. 125I to high specific activity. Biochim Biophys Acta 251 (1971) 363-369
24. Georgiou M., Prekins L.M., and Payne A.H. Steroid synthesis dependent oxygen-mediated damage of mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes in rat Leydig cell cultures. Endocrinology 121 (1987) 1390-1399
25. Bergmeyer M.U. Steriod dehydrogenase. In: Bergmeyer H.U. (Ed). Methods of Enzymatic analysis (1974), Academic Press, New York 476-477
26. Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L., and Randall R.J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193 (1951) 265-275
27. Devasagayam T.P., and Tarachand U. Decreased lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney during gestation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 145 (1987) 134-138
28. Holland M.K., and Storey B.T. Oxygen metabolism of mammalian spermatozoa. Generation of hydrogen peroxide by rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. Biochem J 198 (1981) 273-280
29. Puntarulo S., and Cederbaum A.I. Effect of oxygen concentration on microsomal oxidation of ethanol and generation of oxygen radicals. Biochem J 251 (1988) 787-794
30. Marklund S., and Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47 (1974) 469-474
31. Sinha A.K. Colorimetric assay of catalase. Anal Biochem 47 (1972) 389-394
32. Rotruck J.T., Pope A.L., Ganther H.E., Swanson A.B., Hafeman D.G., and Hoekstra W.G. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179 (1973) 588-590
33. Staal G.E., Visser J., and Veeger C. Purification and properties of glutathione reductase of human erythrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 185 (1969) 39-48
34. Orlowski M., and Meister A. Isolation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from hog kidney. J Biol Chem 240 (1965) 338-347
35. Habig W.H., Pabst M.J., and Jakoby W.B. Glutathione-S-transferase. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249 (1974) 7130-7139
36. Omaye S.T., Turnbull J.D., and Sauberlich H.E. Selected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. Methods Enzymol 62 (1979) 3-11
37. Desai I.D. Vitamin E analysis methods for animal tissues. Methods Enzymol 105 (1984) 138-147
38. Chen H., Cangello D., Benson S., Folmer J., Zhu H., Trush M.A., et al. Age-related increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation in the testosterone producing cells of Brown Norway rat testes: relationship to reduced steroidogenic function?. Exp Gerontol 36 (2001) 1361-1373
39. Cao L., Leers-Sucheta S., and Azhar S. Aging alters the functional expression of enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant defense systems in testicular rat Leydig cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 88 (2004) 61-67
40. Chen H., Liu J., Luo L., Baig M.U., Kim J.M., and Zirkin B.R. Vitamin E, aging and Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Exp Gerontol 40 (2005) 728-736
41. Payne A.H., and Hales D.B. Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones. Endocr Rev 25 (2004) 947-970
42. Moore R.W., Jefcoate C.R., and Peterson R.E. 2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits steroidogenesis in the rat testis by inhibiting the mobilization of cholesterol to cytochrome P450scc. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 109 (1991) 85-97
43. Lai K.P., Wong M.H., and Wong C.K. Inhibition of CYP450scc expression in dioxin-exposed rat Leydig cells. J Endocrinol 185 (2005) 519-527
44. Machala M., Neca J., Drabek P., Ulrich R., Sabatova V., Nezveda K., et al. Effects of chronic exposure to PCBs on cytochrome P450 systems and steroidogenesis in liver and testis of bulls (Bos taurus). Comp Biochem Physiol A: Mol Integr Physiol 120 (1998) 65-70
45. Fukuzawa N.H., Ohsako S., Nagano R., Sakaue M., Baba T., Aoki Y., et al. Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl, a coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl congener, on cultured neonatal mouse testis. Toxicol In Vitro 17 (2003) 259-269
46. Murugesan P., Balaganesh M., Balasubramanian K., and Arunakaran J. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) on steroidogenesis and antioxidant system in cultured adult rat Leydig cells. J Endocrinol 192 (2007) 325-338
47. Murugesan P., Muthusamy T., Balasubramanian K., and Arunakaran J. Effects of vitamins C and E on steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression in polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) exposed adult rat Leydig cells. Toxicology 232 (2007) 170-182
48. Dizdaroglu M., Jaruga P., Birincioglu M., and Rodriguez H. Free radical-induced damage to DNA: mechanisms and measurement. Free Radic Biol Med 32 (2002) 1102-1115
49. Homsby P.J. Steroid and xenobiotic effects on the adrenal cortex: mediation by oxidative and other mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 6 (1989) 103-115
50. Peltola V., Huhtaniemi I., Metsa-Ketela T., and Ahotupa M. Induction of lipid peroxidation during steroidogenesis in the rat testis. Endocrinology 137 (1996) 105-112
51. Stocco D.M., Wells J., and Clark B.J. The effects of hydrogen peroxide on steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig tumor cells. Endocrinology 133 (1993) 2827-2832
52. Diemer T., Allen J.A., Hales K.H., and Hales D.B. Reactive oxygen disrupts mitochondria in MA-10 tumor Leydig cells and inhibits steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 2882-2891
53. Musicki B., Aten R.F., and Behrman H.R. Inhibition of protein synthesis and hormone-sensitive steroidogenesis in response to hydrogen peroxide in rat luteal cells. Endocrinology 134 (1994) 588-595
54. Tsai S.C., Lu C.C., Lin C.S., and Wang P.S. Antisteroidogenic actions of hydrogen peroxide on rat Leydig cells. J Cell Biochem 90 (2003) 1276-1286
55. Cheng L., Kellogg E.W., and Packer L. Photoinactivation of catalase. Photochem Photobiol 34 (1981) 125-129
56. Burton G.W., and Traber M.G. Vitamin E: antioxidant activity, biokinetics and bioavailability. Annu Rev Nutr 10 (1990) 357-382
57. Montine T.J., Neely M.D., Quinn J.F., Beal M.F., Markesbery W.R., Roberts L.J., et al. Lipid peroxidation in aging brain and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 33 (2002) 620-626