Chemopreventive effect of dietary polyphenols in colorectal cancer cell lines

Nutrition Research

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 77-87

  Araújo, João R ^a   Gonçalves, Pedro ^a   Martel, Fátima ^a  

^a University of Porto   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Catechins; Chemoprevention; Colorectal cancer cell lines; Diet; Polyphenols; Quercetin

Indexed keywords

CATECHIN; CHRYSIN; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; CYCLIN D1; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 4; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE; EPICATECHIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; GELATINASE A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; MYRICETIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; POLYPHENOL DERIVATIVE; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN C FOS; PROTEIN KINASE C; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; QUERCETIN; RESVERATROL; RUTOSIDE; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 3; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN; XANTHOHUMOL;

ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; BIOCHEMISTRY; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CANCER INHIBITION; CELL CYCLE ARREST; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLORECTAL CANCER; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; HUMAN; METASTASIS INHIBITION; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ANTICARCINOGENIC AGENTS; ANTIOXIDANTS; APOPTOSIS; CATECHIN; CELL CYCLE; CELL LINE, TUMOR; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DIET; FLAVONOIDS; FRUIT; HUMANS; PHENOLS; PROPIOPHENONES; QUERCETIN; RUTIN; STILBENES; VEGETABLES;

EID: 79952641157     PISSN: 02715317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.006     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Ito H., Gonthier M.P., Manach C., Morand C., Mennen L., Remesy C., et al. Polyphenol levels in human urine after intake of six different polyphenol-rich beverages. Br J Nutr 2005, 94:500-509.
2. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., Hao Y., Xu J., Murray T., et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008, 58:71-96.
3. Mukhtar H., Ahmad N. Tea polyphenols: prevention of cancer and optimizing health. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 71:1698S-1702S.
4. Trevisanato S.I., Kim Y.I. Tea and health. Nutr Rev 2000, 58:1-10.
5. van de Wiel A., van Golde P.H., Hart H.C. Blessings of the grape. Eur J Intern Med 2001, 12:484-489.
6. Yang C.S., Maliakal P., Meng X. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2002, 42:25-54.
7. Signorelli P., Ghidoni R. Resveratrol as an anticancer nutrient: molecular basis, open questions and promises. J Nutr Biochem 2005, 16:449-466.
8. Bravo L. Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutr Rev 1998, 56:317-333.
9. Manson M.M. Cancer prevention-the potential for diet to modulate molecular signalling. Trends Mol Med 2003, 9:11-18.
10. Manach C., Scalbert A., Morand C., Remesy C., Jimenez L. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79:727-747.
11. Nijveldt R.J., van Nood E., van Hoorn D.E., Boelens P.G., van Norren K., van Leeuwen P.A. Flavonoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. Am J Clin Nutr 2001, 74:418-425.
12. Ramos S. Cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: dietary polyphenols and signaling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008, 52:507-526.
13. Scalbert A., Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. J Nutr 2000, 130:2073S-2085S.
14. Middleton E., Kandaswami C., Theoharides T.C. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2000, 52:673-751.
15. Scalbert A., Manach C., Morand C., Remesy C., Jimenez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005, 45:287-306.
16. Soobrattee M.A., Bahorun T., Aruoma O.I. Chemopreventive actions of polyphenolic compounds in cancer. Biofactors 2006, 27:19-35.
17. Howells L.M., Moiseeva E.P., Neal C.P., Foreman B.E., Andreadi C.K., Sun Y.Y., et al. Predicting the physiological relevance of in vitro cancer preventive activities of phytochemicals. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007, 28:1274-1304.
18. Johnson I.T. Phytochemicals and cancer. Proc Nutr Soc 2007, 66:207-215.
19. Boffetta P., Couto E., Wichmann J., Ferrari P., Trichopoulos D., Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B., et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 2010, 102:529-537.
20. Khuhaprema T., Srivatanakul P. Colon and rectum cancer in Thailand: an overview. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008, 38:237-243.
21. Das D., Arber N., Jankowski J.A. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. Digestion 2007, 76:51-67.
22. Dihal A.A., Woutersen R.A., van Ommen B., Rietjens I.M., Stierum R.H. Modulatory effects of quercetin on proliferation and differentiation of the human colorectal cell line Caco-2. Cancer Lett 2006, 238:248-259.
23. Young G.P., Hu Y., Le Leu R.K., Nyskohus L. Dietary fibre and colorectal cancer: a model for environment-gene interactions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005, 49:571-584.
24. Ahmed F.E. Effect of diet, life style, and other environmental/chemopreventive factors on colorectal cancer development, and assessment of the risks. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2004, 22:91-147.
25. Shannon J., White E., Shattuck A.L., Potter J.D. Relationship of food groups and water intake to colon cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996, 5:495-502.
26. Hamer H.M., Jonkers D., Venema K., Vanhoutvin S., Troost F.J., Brummer R.J. Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008, 27:104-119.
27. Cross A.J., Sinha R. Meat-related mutagens/carcinogens in the etiology of colorectal cancer. Environ Mol Mutagen 2004, 44:44-55.
28. Payne J.E. Colorectal carcinogenesis. Aust N Z J Surg 1990, 60:11-18.
29. Khaw K.T., Wareham N., Bingham S., Luben R., Welch A., Day N. Preliminary communication: glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and incident colorectal cancer in men and women: a prospective analysis from the European prospective investigation into cancer-Norfolk study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004, 13:915-919.
30. Mariadason J.M., Velcich A., Wilson A.J., Augenlicht L.H., Gibson P.R. Resistance to butyrate-induced cell differentiation and apoptosis during spontaneous Caco-2 cell differentiation. Gastroenterology 2001, 120:889-899.
31. Lambert D.W., Wood I.S., Ellis A., Shirazi-Beechey S.P. Molecular changes in the expression of human colonic nutrient transporters during the transition from normality to malignancy. Br J Cancer 2002, 86:1262-1269.
32. Goncalves P., Araujo J.R., Martel F. Effect of some natural mineral waters in nutrient uptake by caco-2 cells. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2010, 80:131-143.
33. Yang C.S., Chung J.Y., Yang G.Y., Li C., Meng X., Lee M.J. Mechanisms of inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea. Biofactors 2000, 13:73-79.
34. DeCosse J.J., Miller H.H., Lesser M.L. Effect of wheat fiber and vitamins C and E on rectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989, 81:1290-1297.
35. Athar M., Back J.H., Tang X., Kim K.H., Kopelovich L., Bickers D.R., et al. Resveratrol: a review of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007, 224:274-283.
36. Half E., Arber N. Colon cancer: preventive agents and the present status of chemoprevention. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009, 10:211-219.
37. Pierzchalski P., Krawiec A., Gawelko J., Pawlik W.W., Konturek S.J., Gonciarz M. Molecular mechanism of protection against chemically and gamma-radiation induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2008, 59:191-202.
38. Hague A., Butt A.J., Paraskeva C. The role of butyrate in human colonic epithelial cells: an energy source or inducer of differentiation and apoptosis?. Proc Nutr Soc 1996, 55:937-943.
39. Kovarikova M., Pachernik J., Hofmanova J., Zadak Z., Kozubik A. TNF-alpha modulates the differentiation induced by butyrate in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Eur J Cancer 2000, 36:1844-1852.
40. Ramos S. Effects of dietary flavonoids on apoptotic pathways related to cancer chemoprevention. J Nutr Biochem 2007, 18:427-442.
41. Surh Y.J. Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nat Rev Cancer 2003, 3:768-780.
42. Watson A.J. Apoptosis and colorectal cancer. Gut 2004, 53:1701-1709.
43. Athar M., Back J.H., Kopelovich L., Bickers D.R., Kim A.L. Multiple molecular targets of resveratrol: anti-carcinogenic mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009, 486:95-102.
44. Kim W.K., Bang M.H., Kim E.S., Kang N.E., Jung K.C., Cho H.J., et al. Quercetin decreases the expression of ErbB2 and ErbB3 proteins in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2005, 16:155-162.
45. de Kok T.M., van Breda S.G., Manson M.M. Mechanisms of combined action of different chemopreventive dietary compounds: a review. Eur J Nutr 2008, 47:51-59.
46. Gee J.M., Hara H., Johnson I.T. Suppression of intestinal crypt cell proliferation and aberrant crypt foci by dietary quercetin in rats. Nutr Cancer 2002, 43:193-201.
47. Goncalves P., Araujo J.R., Martel F. Butyrate uptake and effect on proliferation, differentiation, viability and apoptosis of Caco-2 cells: influence of polyphenols. FASEB J 2010, 24:965.10.
48. Johnson I.T. Anticarcinogenic effects of diet-related apoptosis in the colorectal mucosa. Food Chem Toxicol 2002, 40:1171-1178.
49. Kaindl U., Eyberg I., Rohr-Udilova N., Heinzle C., Marian B. The dietary antioxidants resveratrol and quercetin protect cells from exogenous pro-oxidative damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2008, 46:1320-1326.
50. Kuntz S., Wenzel U., Daniel H. Comparative analysis of the effects of flavonoids on proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines. Eur J Nutr 1999, 38:133-142.
51. Kuo S.M. Antiproliferative potency of structurally distinct dietary flavonoids on human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 1996, 110:41-48.
52. Mertens-Talcott S.U., Percival S.S. Ellagic acid and quercetin interact synergistically with resveratrol in the induction of apoptosis and cause transient cell cycle arrest in human leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2005, 218:141-151.
53. Murakami A., Ashida H., Terao J. Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin. Cancer Lett 2008, 269:315-325.
54. Psahoulia F.H., Moumtzi S., Roberts M.L., Sasazuki T., Shirasawa S., Pintzas A. Quercetin mediates preferential degradation of oncogenic Ras and causes autophagy in Ha-RAS-transformed human colon cells. Carcinogenesis 2007, 28:1021-1031.
55. Shan B.E., Wang M.X., Li R.Q. Quercetin inhibit human SW480 colon cancer growth in association with inhibition of cyclin D1 and survivin expression through Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Invest 2009, 27:604-612.
56. van der Woude H., Gliszczynska-Swiglo A., Struijs K., Smeets A., Alink G.M., Rietjens I.M. Biphasic modulation of cell proliferation by quercetin at concentrations physiologically relevant in humans. Cancer Lett 2003, 200:41-47.
57. van Erk M.J., Roepman P., van der Lende T.R., Stierum R.H., Aarts J.M., van Bladeren P.J., et al. Integrated assessment by multiple gene expression analysis of quercetin bioactivity on anticancer-related mechanisms in colon cancer cells in vitro. Eur J Nutr 2005, 44:143-156.
58. Yang K., Lamprecht S.A., Liu Y., Shinozaki H., Fan K., Leung D., et al. Chemoprevention studies of the flavonoids quercetin and rutin in normal and azoxymethane-treated mouse colon. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21:1655-1660.
59. Goncalves J.R., Araujo P., Pinho M.J., Martel F. In vitro studies on the inhibition of colon cancer by butyrate and polyphenolic compounds. Nutr Cancer 2011, in press.
60. Ko C.H., Shen S.C., Lee T.J., Chen Y.C. Myricetin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 protein expression and enzyme activity in colorectal carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2005, 4:281-290.
61. Richter M., Ebermann R., Marian B. Quercetin-induced apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells: possible role of EGF receptor signaling. Nutr Cancer 1999, 34:88-99.
62. Wang W., VanAlstyne P.C., Irons K.A., Chen S., Stewart J.W., Birt D.F. Individual and interactive effects of apigenin analogs on G2/M cell-cycle arrest in human colon carcinoma cell lines. Nutr Cancer 2004, 48:106-114.
63. Bigelow R.L., Cardelli J.A. The green tea catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), inhibit HGF/Met signaling in immortalized and tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Oncogene 2006, 25:1922-1930.
64. Butt M.S., Sultan M.T. Green tea: nature's defense against malignancies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009, 49:463-473.
65. Chen Z.P., Schell J.B., Ho C.T., Chen K.Y. Green tea epigallocatechin gallate shows a pronounced growth inhibitory effect on cancerous cells but not on their normal counterparts. Cancer Lett 1998, 129:173-179.
66. Khan N., Mukhtar H. Multitargeted therapy of cancer by green tea polyphenols. Cancer Lett 2008, 269:269-280.
67. Pierini R., Gee J.M., Belshaw N.J., Johnson I.T. Flavonoids and intestinal cancers. Br J Nutr 2008, 99:ES53-ES59.
68. Porath D., Riegger C., Drewe J., Schwager J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate impairs chemokine production in human colon epithelial cell lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005, 315:1172-1180.
69. Salucci M., Stivala L.A., Maiani G., Bugianesi R., Vannini V. Flavonoids uptake and their effect on cell cycle of human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco2). Br J Cancer 2002, 86:1645-1651.
70. Shimizu M., Deguchi A., Lim J.T., Moriwaki H., Kopelovich L., Weinstein I.B. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate and polyphenon E inhibit growth and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 signaling pathways in human colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:2735-2746.
71. Suganuma M., Okabe S., Kai Y., Sueoka N., Sueoka E., Fujiki H. Synergistic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with (-)-epicatechin, sulindac, or tamoxifen on cancer-preventive activity in the human lung cancer cell line PC-9. Cancer Res 1999, 59:44-47.
72. Yang G.Y., Liao J., Kim K., Yurkow E.J., Yang C.S. Inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cell lines by tea polyphenols. Carcinogenesis 1998, 19:611-616.
73. Agullo G., Gamet-Payrastre L., Fernandez Y., Anciaux N., Demigne C., Remesy C. Comparative effects of flavonoids on the growth, viability and metabolism of a colonic adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29 cells). Cancer Lett 1996, 105:61-70.
74. Atten M.J., Godoy-Romero E., Attar B.M., Milson T., Zopel M., Holian O. Resveratrol regulates cellular PKC alpha and delta to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2005, 23:111-119.
75. Bhat K.P.L., Kosmeder J.W., Pezzuto J.M. Biological effects of resveratrol. Antioxid Redox Signal 2001, 3:1041-1064.
76. Delmas D., Rebe C., Lacour S., Filomenko R., Athias A., Gambert P., et al. Resveratrol-induced apoptosis is associated with Fas redistribution in the rafts and the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex in colon cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:41482-41490.
77. Fuggetta M.P., Lanzilli G., Tricarico M., Cottarelli A., Falchetti R., Ravagnan G., et al. Effect of resveratrol on proliferation and telomerase activity of human colon cancer cells in vitro. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2006, 25:189-193.
78. Gerhauser C. Beer constituents as potential cancer chemopreventive agents. Eur J Cancer 2005, 41:1941-1954.
79. Joe A.K., Liu H., Suzui M., Vural M.E., Xiao D., Weinstein I.B. Resveratrol induces growth inhibition, S-phase arrest, apoptosis, and changes in biomarker expression in several human cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 2002, 8:893-903.
80. Juan M.E., Wenzel U., Daniel H., Planas J.M. Resveratrol induces apoptosis through ROS-dependent mitochondria pathway in HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells. J Agric Food Chem 2008, 56:4813-4818.
81. Wolter F., Akoglu B., Clausnitzer A., Stein J. Downregulation of the cyclin D1/Cdk4 complex occurs during resveratrol-induced cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cell lines. J Nutr 2001, 131:2197-2203.
82. Miranda C.L., Stevens J.F., Helmrich A., Henderson M.C., Rodriguez R.J., Yang Y.H., et al. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus) in human cancer cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 1999, 37:271-285.
83. Pan L., Becker H., Gerhauser C. Xanthohumol induces apoptosis in cultured 40-16 human colon cancer cells by activation of the death receptor- and mitochondrial pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2005, 49:837-843.
84. Pang Y., Nikolic D., Zhu D., Chadwick L.R., Pauli G.F., Farnsworth N.R., et al. Binding of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) chalcone xanthohumol to cytosolic proteins in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007, 51:872-879.
85. Ross J.A., Kasum C.M. Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety. Annu Rev Nutr 2002, 22:19-34.
86. Ju J., Lu G., Lambert J.D., Yang C.S. Inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea constituents. Semin Cancer Biol 2007, 17:395-402.
87. Colgate E.C., Miranda C.L., Stevens J.F., Bray T.M., Ho E. Xanthohumol, a prenylflavonoid derived from hops induces apoptosis and inhibits NF-kappaB activation in prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Lett 2007, 246:201-209.
88. Gupta S., Hussain T., Mukhtar H. Molecular pathway for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003, 410:177-185.
89. Reuter S., Eifes S., Dicato M., Aggarwal B.B., Diederich M. Modulation of anti-apoptotic and survival pathways by curcumin as a strategy to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2008, 76:1340-1351.
90. Gosslau A., Chen K.Y. Nutraceuticals, apoptosis, and disease prevention. Nutrition 2004, 20:95-102.
91. Yanez J., Vicente V., Alcaraz M., Castillo J., Benavente-Garcia O., Canteras M., et al. Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities of several phenolic compounds against three melanocytes cell lines: relationship between structure and activity. Nutr Cancer 2004, 49:191-199.
92. Lu J., Ho C.T., Ghai G., Chen K.Y. Differential effects of theaflavin monogallates on cell growth, apoptosis, and Cox-2 gene expression in cancerous versus normal cells. Cancer Res 2000, 60:6465-6471.
93. Carter A.B., Misyak S.A., Hontecillas R., Bassaganya-Riera J. Dietary modulation of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer through PPARgamma. PPAR Res 2009, 2009:498352.
94. van der Woude H., Alink G.M., Rietjens I.M. The definition of hormesis and its implications for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation and risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2005, 35:603-607.
95. Araujo J.R., Goncalves P., Martel F. Modulation of glucose uptake in a human choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo) by dietary bioactive compounds and drugs of abuse. J Biochem 2008, 144:177-186.
96. Keating E., Lemos C., Goncalves P., Martel F. Acute and chronic effects of some dietary bioactive compounds on folic acid uptake and on the expression of folic acid transporters by the human trophoblast cell line BeWo. J Nutr Biochem 2008, 19:91-100.
97. Lemos C., Peters G.J., Jansen G., Martel F., Calhau C. Modulation of folate uptake in cultured human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells by dietary compounds. Eur J Nutr 2007, 46:329-336.
98. Pereira M.A., Grubbs C.J., Barnes L.H., Li H., Olson G.R., Eto I., et al. Effects of the phytochemicals, curcumin and quercetin, upon azoxymethane-induced colon cancer and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary cancer in rats. Carcinogenesis 1996, 17:1305-1311.
99. Ferry D.R., Smith A., Malkhandi J., Fyfe D.W., deTakats P.G., Anderson D., et al. Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 1996, 2:659-668.
100. Nair H.K., Rao K.V., Aalinkeel R., Mahajan S., Chawda R., Schwartz S.A. Inhibition of prostate cancer cell colony formation by the flavonoid quercetin correlates with modulation of specific regulatory genes. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004, 11:63-69.
101. Conseil G., Baubichon-Cortay H., Dayan G., Jault J.M., Barron D., Di Pietro A. Flavonoids: a class of modulators with bifunctional interactions at vicinal ATP- and steroid-binding sites on mouse P-glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998, 95:9831-9836.
102. Chen D., Daniel K.G., Chen M.S., Kuhn D.J., Landis-Piwowar K.R., Dou Q.P. Dietary flavonoids as proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in human leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2005, 69:1421-1432.
103. Maggiolini M., Bonofiglio D., Marsico S., Panno M.L., Cenni B., Picard D., et al. Estrogen receptor alpha mediates the proliferative but not the cytotoxic dose-dependent effects of two major phytoestrogens on human breast cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol 2001, 60:595-602.
104. Arai N., Strom A., Rafter J.J., Gustafsson J.A. Estrogen receptor beta mRNA in colon cancer cells: growth effects of estrogen and genistein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000, 270:425-431.
105. Huang J.H., Huang C.C., Fang J.Y., Yang C., Chan C.M., Wu N.L., et al. Protective effects of myricetin against ultraviolet-B-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2010, 24:21-28.
106. Shin E.K., Kwon H.S., Kim Y.H., Shin H.K., Kim J.K. Chrysin, a natural flavone, improves murine inflammatory bowel diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009, 381:502-507.
107. Miyamoto S., Kohno H., Suzuki R., Sugie S., Murakami A., Ohigashi H., et al. Preventive effects of chrysin on the development of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats. Oncol Rep 2006, 15:1169-1173.
108. Landis-Piwowar K.R., Milacic V., Dou Q.P. Relationship between the methylation status of dietary flavonoids and their growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities in human cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2008, 105:514-523.
109. Woo K.J., Jeong Y.J., Park J.W., Kwon T.K. Chrysin-induced apoptosis is mediated through caspase activation and Akt inactivation in U937 leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004, 325:1215-1222.
110. Lambert J.D., Yang C.S. Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents. J Nutr 2003, 133:3262S-3267S.
111. Park H.K., Han D.W., Park Y.H., Park J.C. Differential biological responses of green tea polyphenol in normal cells vs. cancer cells. Curr Applied Physics 2005, 5:449-452.
112. Babich H., Krupka M.E., Nissim H.A., Zuckerbraun H.L. Differential in vitro cytotoxicity of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) to cancer and normal cells from the human oral cavity. Toxicol In Vitro 2005, 19:231-242.
113. Naasani I., Seimiya H., Tsuruo T. Telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening, and senescence of cancer cells by tea catechins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998, 249:391-396.
114. Tachibana H., Koga K., Fujimura Y., Yamada K. A receptor for green tea polyphenol EGCG. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2004, 11:380-381.
115. Konishi Y., Kobayashi S., Shimizu M. Tea polyphenols inhibit the transport of dietary phenolic acids mediated by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Agric Food Chem 2003, 51:7296-7302.
116. Waldecker M., Kautenburger T., Daumann H., Busch C., Schrenk D. Inhibition of histone-deacetylase activity by short-chain fatty acids and some polyphenol metabolites formed in the colon. J Nutr Biochem 2008, 19:587-593.
117. Feinman R., Clarke K.O., Harrison L.E. Phenylbutyrate-induced apoptosis is associated with inactivation of NF-kappaB IN HT-29 colon cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2002, 49:27-34.
118. Heerdt B.G., Houston M.A., Augenlicht L.H. Potentiation by specific short-chain fatty acids of differentiation and apoptosis in human colonic carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Res 1994, 54:3288-3293.
119. Chen C., Yu R., Owuor E.D., Kong A.N. Activation of antioxidant-response element (ARE), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspases by major green tea polyphenol components during cell survival and death. Arch Pharm Res 2000, 23:605-612.
120. Jang M., Cai L., Udeani G.O., Slowing K.V., Thomas C.F., Beecher C.W., et al. Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science 1997, 275:218-220.
121. Sengottuvelan M., Deeptha K., Nalini N. Influence of dietary resveratrol on early and late molecular markers of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Nutrition 2009, 25:1169-1176.
122. Sengottuvelan M., Deeptha K., Nalini N. Resveratrol attenuates 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced glycoconjugate abnormalities during various stages of colon carcinogenesis. Phytother Res 2009, 23:1154-1158.
123. Barth H., Kinzel V. Phorbol ester TPA rapidly prevents activation of p34cdc2 histone H1 kinase and concomitantly the transition from G2 phase to mitosis in synchronized HeLa cells. Exp Cell Res 1994, 212:383-388.
124. Briviba K., Pan L., Rechkemmer G. Red wine polyphenols inhibit the growth of colon carcinoma cells and modulate the activation pattern of mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Nutr 2002, 132:2814-2818.
125. Dietz B.M., Kang Y.H., Liu G., Eggler A.L., Yao P., Chadwick L.R., et al. Xanthohumol isolated from Humulus lupulus inhibits menadione-induced DNA damage through induction of quinone reductase. Chem Res Toxicol 2005, 18:1296-1305.
126. Gerhauser C., Alt A., Heiss E., Gamal-Eldeen A., Klimo K., Knauft J., et al. Cancer chemopreventive activity of xanthohumol, a natural product derived from hop. Mol Cancer Ther 2002, 1:959-969.
127. Ho Y.C., Liu C.H., Chen C.N., Duan K.J., Lin M.T. Inhibitory effects of xanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Phytother Res 2008, 22:1465-1468.
128. Monteiro R., Faria A., Azevedo I., Calhau C. Modulation of breast cancer cell survival by aromatase inhibiting hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007, 105:124-130.
129. Mouria M., Gukovskaya A.S., Jung Y., Buechler P., Hines O.J., Reber H.A., et al. Food-derived polyphenols inhibit pancreatic cancer growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis. Int J Cancer 2002, 98:761-769.
130. ElAttar T.M., Virji A.S. Modulating effect of resveratrol and quercetin on oral cancer cell growth and proliferation. Anticancer Drugs 1999, 10:187-193.
131. He L., Li X., Luo H.S., Rong H., Cai J. Possible mechanism for the regulation of glucose on proliferation, inhibition and apoptosis of colon cancer cells induced by sodium butyrate. World J Gastroenterol 2007, 13:4015-4018.
132. Ritzhaupt A., Ellis A., Hosie K.B., Shirazi-Beechey S.P. The characterization of butyrate transport across pig and human colonic luminal membrane. J Physiol 1998, 507:819-830.
133. Comalada M., Bailon E., de Haro O., Lara-Villoslada F., Xaus J., Zarzuelo A., et al. The effects of short-chain fatty acids on colon epithelial proliferation and survival depend on the cellular phenotype. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006, 132:487-497.
134. Lecona E., Olmo N., Turnay J., Santiago-Gomez A., Lopez de Silanes I., Gorospe M., et al. Kinetic analysis of butyrate transport in human colon adenocarcinoma cells reveals two different carrier-mediated mechanisms. Biochem J 2008, 409:311-320.
135. Seeram N.P., Adams L.S., Zhang Y., Lee R., Sand D., Scheuller H.S., et al. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2006, 54:9329-9339.