Role of the endocannabinoid system in food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of the endocrine pancreas

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 129, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 307-320

  Li, Chen ^a   Jones, Peter M ^a   Persaud, Shanta J ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cannabinoid receptors; Cannabinoids; Food intake; Insulin secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Obesity; cells

Indexed keywords

1 (2,4 DICHLOROPHENYL) 5 (4 IODOPHENYL) 4 METHYL N (1 PIPERIDYL) 1H PYRAZOLE 3 CARBOXAMIDE; 2 METHYL 3 (1 NAPHTHOYL) 1 PROPYLINDOLE; 2,3 DIHYDRO 5 METHYL 3 (MORPHOLINOMETHYL) 6 (1 NAPHTHOYL)PYRROLO[1,2,3 DE][1,4]BENZOXAZINE; 4 (1,1 DIMETHYLHEPTYL) 1',2',3',4',5',6' HEXAHYDRO 2,3' DIHYDROXY 6' (3 HYDROXYPROPYL)BIPHENYL; AR 632408; CALCIUM ION; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CYCLIC AMP; ENDOCANNABINOID; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR 119; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR 55; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; N (2 CHLOROETHYL) 5,8,11,14 EICOSAETRAENAMIDE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AGONIST; PSB 632408; PSN 632408; RIMONABANT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANILLOID RECEPTOR 1;

ADIPOGENESIS; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ARTICLE; ENERGY BALANCE; FOOD INTAKE; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HOMEOSTASIS AND REGULATION; HUMAN; INSULIN RELEASE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID STORAGE; LIVER; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PANCREAS ISLET; PANCREAS ISLET CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SKELETAL MUSCLE; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 79551690033     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.10.006     Document Type: Review

References (159)

1. M. Adami, P. Frati, S. Bertini, A. Kulkarni-Narla, D.R. Brown, and G. de Caro Gastric antisecretory role and immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid receptors in the rat stomach Br J Pharmacol 135 7 2002 1598 1606
2. D. Baker, G. Pryce, W.L. Davies, and C.R. Hiley In silico patent searching reveals a new cannabinoid receptor Trends Pharmacol Sci 27 1 2006 1 4
3. M. Begg, P. Pacher, S. Batkai, D. Osei-Hyiaman, L. Offertaler, and F.M. Mo Evidence for novel cannabinoid receptors Pharmacol Ther 106 2 2005 133 145
4. L. Bellocchio, C. Cervino, V. Vicennati, R. Pasquali, and U. Pagotto Cannabinoid type 1 receptor: another arrow in the adipocytes' bow J Neuroendocrinol 20 2008 130 138
5. M. Bensaid, M. Gary-Bobo, A. Esclangon, J.P. Maffrand, G. Le Fur, and F. Oury-Donat The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 increases Acrp30 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of obese fa/fa rats and in cultured adipocyte cells Mol Pharmacol 63 4 2003 908 914
6. F.J. Bermudez-Silva, I. Sanchez-Vera, J. Suarez, A. Serrano, E. Fuentes, and P. Juan-Pico Role of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in glucose homeostasis in rats Eur J Pharmacol 565 1-3 2007 207 211
7. F.J. Bermudez-Silva, J. Suarez, E. Baixeras, N. Cobo, D. Bautista, and A.L. Cuesta-Munoz Presence of functional cannabinoid receptors in human endocrine pancreas Diabetologia 51 3 2008 476 487
8. T. Bisogno, F. Berrendero, G. Ambrosino, M. Cebeira, J.A. Ramos, and J.J. Fernandez-Ruiz Brain regional distribution of endocannabinoids: implications for their biosynthesis and biological function Biochem Biophys Res Commun 256 2 1999 377 380
9. M. Bluher, S. Engeli, N. Kloting, J. Berndt, M. Fasshauer, and S. Batkai Dysregulation of the peripheral and adipose tissue endocannabinoid system in human abdominal obesity Diabetes 55 11 2006 3053 3060
10. D.W. Bonhaus, L.K. Chang, J. Kwan, and G.R. Martin Dual activation and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by cannabinoid receptor agonists: evidence for agonist-specific trafficking of intracellular responses J Pharmacol Exp Ther 287 3 1998 884 888
11. M. Bouaboula, C. Poinotchazel, B. Bourrie, X. Canat, B. Calandra, and M. Rinaldicarmona Activation of mitogen-activated protein-kinases by stimulation of the central cannabinoid receptor Cb1 Biochem J 312 1995 637 641
12. M. Bouaboula, C. PoinotChazel, J. Marchand, X. Canat, B. Bourrie, and M. RinaldiCarmona Signaling pathway associated with stimulation of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptor - involvement of both mitogen-activated protein kinase and induction of Krox-24 expression Eur J Biochem 237 3 1996 704 711
13. J.E. Bowe, A.J. King, J.S. Kinsey-Jones, V.L. Foot, X.F. Li, and K.T. O'Byrne Kisspeptin stimulation of insulin secretion: mechanisms of action in mouse islets and rats Diabetologia 52 5 2009 855 862
14. H.B. Bradshaw, and J.M. Walker The expanding field of cannabimimetic and related lipid mediators Br J Pharmacol 144 4 2005 459 465
15. A.J. Brown Novel cannabinoid receptors Br J Pharmacol 152 5 2007 567 575
16. G. Burdyga, A. Varro, R. Dimaline, D.G. Thompson, and G.J. Dockray Ghrelin receptors in rat and human nodose ganglia: putative role in regulating CB-1 and MCH receptor abundance Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290 6 2006 G1289 G1297
17. S. Burstein PPAR-[gamma]: a nuclear receptor with affinity for cannabinoids Life Sci 77 14 2005 1674 1684
18. M.A. Casu, A. Porcella, S. Ruiu, P. Saba, G. Marchese, and M.A.M. Carai Differential distribution of functional cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the mouse gastroenteric tract Eur J Pharmacol 459 1 2003 97 105
19. M.J. Caterina, M.A. Schumacher, M. Tominaga, T.A. Rosen, J.D. Levine, and D. Julius The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway Nature 389 6653 1997 816 824
20. P. Cavuoto, A.J. McAinch, G. Hatzinikolas, D. Cameron-Smith, and G.A. Wittert Effects of cannabinoid receptors on skeletal muscle oxidative pathways Mol Cell Endocrinol 267 2007 63 69
21. P. Cavuoto, A.J. McAinch, G. Hatzinikolas, A. Janovska, P. Game, and G.A. Wittert The expression of receptors for endocannabinoids in human and rodent skeletal muscle Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364 2007 105 110
22. Chu Z.L., Jones R.M., He H.M., Carroll C., Gutierrez V., and Lucman A. A role for beta-cell-expressed g protein-coupled receptor 119 in glycemic control by enhancing glucose-dependent insulin release Endocrinology 148 2007 4753 pg 2609, 2007
23. G. Colombo, R. Agabio, G. Diaz, C. Lobina, R. Reali, and G.L. Gessa Appetite suppression and weight loss after the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716 Life Sci 63 8 1998 PL113 PL117
24. J. Corchero, J.M. Oliva, C. Garcia-Lecumberri, S. Martin, E. Ambrosio, and J. Manzanares Repeated administration with Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol regulates mu-opioid receptor density in the rat brain J Psychopharmacol 18 1 2004 54 58
25. J.C. Corton, S.P. Anderson, and A. Stauber Central role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the actions of peroxisome proliferators Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 40 2000 491 518
26. D.N. Cortright, M. Crandall, J.F. Sanchez, T. Zou, J.E. Krause, and G. White The tissue distribution and functional characterization of human VR1 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 281 5 2001 1183 1189
27. D. Cota CB1 receptors: emerging evidence for central and peripheral mechanisms that regulate energy balance, metabolism, and cardiovascular health Diab/Metab Res Rev 23 7 2007 507 517
28. D. Cota, G. Marsicano, M. Tschop, Y. Grubler, C. Flachskamm, and M. Schubert The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis J Clin Investig 112 3 2003 423 431
29. A.D. de Kloet, and S.C. Woods Minireview: endocannabinoids and their receptors as targets for obesity therapy Endocrinology 150 6 2009 2531 2536
30. G. Demuth, and A. Molleman Minireview: cannabinoid signalling Life Sci 78 2006 549 563
31. P. Derkinderen, C. Ledent, M. Parmentier, and J.A. Girault Cannabinoids activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases through CB1 receptors in hippocampus J Neurochem 77 3 2001 957 960
32. J.-P. Despres, A. Golay, and L. Sjostrom Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia N Engl J Med 353 20 2005 2121 2134
33. W.A. Devane, L. Hanus, A. Breuer, R.G. Pertwee, L.A. Stevenson, and G. Griffin Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor Science 258 5090 1992 1946 1949
34. W.L. Dewey Cannabinoid pharmacology Pharmacol Rev 38 2 1986 151 178
35. V. Di Marzo 'Endocannabinoids' and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance Biochim Et Biophys Acta Lipids Lipid Metab 1392 2-3 1998 153 175
36. V. Di Marzo The endocannabinoid system: its general strategy of action, tools for its pharmacological manipulation and potential therapeutic exploitation Pharmacol Res 60 2 2009 77 84
37. V. Di Marzo, L. De Petrocellis, F. Fezza, A. Ligresti, and T. Bisogno Anandamide receptors Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 66 2-3 2002 377 391
38. V. Di Marzo, A. Ligresti, and L. Cristino The endocannabinoid system as a link between homoeostatic and hedonic pathways involved in energy balance regulation Int J Obes 33 S2 2009 S18 S24
39. Diabetes Atlas, 4th Edition. (2009). International Diabetes Federation.
40. M. Duncan, J.S. Davison, and K.A. Sharkey Review article: endocannabinoids and their receptors in the enteric nervous system Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22 8 2005 667 683
41. V.F. Duvivier, L. Delafoy-Plasse, V. Delion, P. Lechevalier, J.-P. Le Bail, and E. Guillot Beneficial effect of a chronic treatment with rimonabant on pancreatic function and β-cell morphology in Zucker Fatty rats Eur J Pharmacol 616 2009 314 320
42. K. Eckardt, H. Sell, A. Taube, M. Koenen, B. Platzbecker, and A. Cramer Cannabinoid type 1 receptors in human skeletal muscle cells participate in the negative crosstalk between fat and muscle Diabetologia 52 4 2009 664 674
43. S. Engeli, J. Bohnke, M. Feldpausch, K. Gorzelniak, J. Janke, and S. Batkai Activation of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity Diabetes 54 10 2005 2838 2843
44. T. Esfandyari, M. Camilleri, I. Busciglio, D. Burton, K. Baxter, and A.R. Zinsmeister Effects of a cannabinoid receptor agonist on colonic motor and sensory functions in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 293 1 2007 G137 G145
45. C.C. Felder, K.E. Joyce, E.M. Briley, J. Mansouri, K. Mackie, and O. Blond Comparison of the pharmacology and signal-transduction of the human cannabinoid Cb1 and Cb2 receptors Mol Pharmacol 48 3 1995 443 450
46. C.C. Felder, J.S. Veluz, H.L. Williams, E.M. Briley, and L.A. Matsuda Cannabinoid agonists stimulate both receptor-mediated and nonreceptor-mediated signal transduction pathways in cells transfected with and expressing cannabinoid receptor clones Mol Pharmacol 42 5 1992 838 845
47. J.S. Flier Obesity wars: molecular progress confronts an expanding epidemic Cell 116 2 2004 337 350
48. R. Fredriksson, P.J. Hoglund, D.E.I. Gloriam, M.C. Lagerstrom, and H.B. Schioth Seven evolutionarily conserved human rhodopsin G protein-coupled receptors lacking close relatives FEBS Lett 554 3 2003 381 388
49. J. Fu, S. Gaetani, F. Oveisi, J. Lo Verme, A. Serrano, and F. Rodriguez de Fonseca Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-[alpha] Nature 425 6953 2003 90 93
50. J.E. Gallate, and I.S. McGregor The motivation for beer in rats: effects of ritanserin, naloxone and SR 141716 Psychopharmacology 142 3 1999 302 308
51. E.L. Gardner, and S.R. Vorel Cannabinoid transmission and reward-related events Neurobiol Dis 5 6 1998 502 533
52. M. Gary-Bobo, G. Elachouri, B. Scatton, G. Le Fur, F. Oury-Donat, and M. Bensaid The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) inhibits cell proliferation and increases markers of adipocyte maturation in cultured mouse 3T3 F442A preadipocytes Mol Pharmacol 69 2 2006 471 478
53. L. Getty-Kaushik, A.M.T. Richard, J.T. Deeney, S. Krawczyk, O. Shirihai, and B.E. Corkey The CB1 antagonist rimonabant decreases insulin hypersecretion in rat pancreatic islets Obesity 17 10 2009 1856 1860
54. M. Glass, and C.C. Felder Concurrent stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors augments cAMP accumulation in striatal neurons: evidence for a G(s) linkage to the CB1 receptor J Neurosci 17 14 1997 5327 5333
55. G. Godlewski, L. Offertaler, J.A. Wagner, and G. Kunos Receptors for acylethanolamides - GPR55 and GPR119 Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 89 3-4 2009 105 111
56. R. Gomez, M. Navarro, B. Ferrer, J.M. Trigo, A. Bilbao, and I. Del Arco A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding J Neurosci 22 21 2002 9612 9617
57. M.P. Gonthier, L. Hoareau, F. Festy, I. Matias, M. Valenti, and S. Bes-Houtmann Identification of endocannabinoids and related compounds in human fat cells Obesity 15 4 2007 837 845
58. S.K. Goparaju, N. Ueda, K. Taniguchi, and S. Yamamoto Enzymes of porcine brain hydrolyzing 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors Biochem Pharmacol 57 4 1999 417 423 (Pubitemid 29065290)
59. I. Greenberg, J. Kuehnle, J.H. Mendelson, and J.G. Bernstein Effects of marihuana use on body-weight and caloric intake in humans Psychopharmacology 49 1 1976 79 84
60. M. Guzman Cannabinoids: potential anticancer agents Nat Rev Cancer 3 10 2003 745 755
61. M. Guzman, J. Lo Verme, J. Fu, F. Oveisi, C. Blazquez, and D. Piomelli Oleoylethanolamide stimulates lipolysis by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) J Biol Chem 279 27 2004 27849 27854
62. N. Hajos, C. Ledent, and T.F. Freund Novel cannabinoid-sensitive receptor mediates inhibition of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus Neuroscience 106 1 2001 1 4
63. L. Hanus, S. Abu-Lafi, E. Fride, A. Breuer, Z. Vogel, and D.E. Shalev 2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether, an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 7 2001 3662 3665
64. L. Hanus, Y. Avraham, D. Ben-Shushan, O. Zolotarev, E.M. Berry, and R. Mechoulam Short-term fasting and prolonged semistarvation have opposite effects on 2-AG levels in mouse brain Brain Res 983 1-2 2003 144 151
65. S. Hart, O.M. Fischer, and A. Ullrich Cannabinoids induce cancer cell proliferation via tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17)-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor Cancer Res 64 6 2004 1943 1950
66. A.C. Hauge-Evans, C.C. Richardson, H.M. Milne, M.R. Christie, S.J. Persaud, and P.M. Jones A role for kisspeptin in islet function Diabetologia 49 9 2006 2131 2135
67. C.M. Henstridge, N.A.B. Balenga, L.A. Ford, R.A. Ross, M. Waldhoer, and A.J. Irving The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA-dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation FASEB J 23 1 2009 183 193
68. H. Hermann, G. Marsicano, and B. Lutz Coexpression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 with dopamine and serotonin receptors in distinct neuronal subpopulations of the adult mouse forebrain Neuroscience 109 3 2002 451 460
69. B. Herrera, A. Carracedo, M. Diez-Zaera, M. Guzman, and G. Velasco P38 MAPK is involved in CB2 receptor-induced apoptosis of human leukaemia cells FEBS Lett 579 22 2005 5084 5088
70. A.C. Howlett, F. Barth, T.I. Bonner, G. Cabral, P. Casellas, and W.A. Devane International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors Pharmacol Rev 54 2 2002 161 202
71. S.M. Huang, T. Bisogno, M. Trevisani, A. Al-Hayani, L. De Petrocellis, and F. Fezza An endogenous capsaicin-like substance with high potency at recombinant and native vanilloid VR1 receptors Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 12 2002 8400 8405
72. A.I. Idris, A. Sophocleous, E. Landao-Bassonga, M. Canals, G. Milligan, and D. Baker Cannabinoid receptor type 1 protects against age-related osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in marrow stromal cells Cell Metab 10 2 2009 139 147
73. O. Iqbal Endocannabinoid system and pathophysiology of adipogenesis: current management of obesity Personalized Med 4 3 2007 307 319
74. A.A. Izzo, and M. Camilleri Emerging role of cannabinoids in gastrointestinal and liver diseases: basic and clinical aspects Gut 57 8 2008 1140 1155
75. Z. Jarai, J.A. Wagner, K. Varga, K.D. Lake, D.R. Compton, and B.R. Martin Cannabinoid-induced mesenteric vasodilation through an endothelial site distinct from CB1 or CB2 receptors Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 24 1999 14136 14141
76. A. Jarrahian, V.J. Watts, and E.L. Barker D-2 dopamine receptors modulate G alpha-subunit coupling of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308 3 2004 880 886
77. Y.H. Jo, Y.J.J. Chen, S.C. Chua, D.A. Talmage, and L.W. Role Integration of endocannabinoid and leptin signaling in an appetite-related neural circuit Neuron 48 6 2005 1055 1066
78. Jones R. Discovery of agonists of the glucose dependent insulinotropic receptor, GPR119, a pancreatic beta-cell GPCR, for the treatment of NIDDM Drugs Future 31 2006 (Suppl. Abstract L48)
79. P.M. Jones, and S.J. Persaud Protein kinases, protein phosphorylation, and the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells Endocr Rev 19 4 1998 429 461
80. Jones P.M., and Persaud S.J. Islet Function and Insulin Secretion 4th edition Textbook of Diabetes 2010 Wiley-Blackwell 87
81. 2+ signals and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cell Cell Calcium 39 2 2006 155 162
82. 2+]i signals by cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 in pancreatic α- and δ- cells within intact islets of Langerhans Obesity & Metabolism 5 2009 20 28
83. A. Kapur, P.W. Zhao, H. Sharir, Y.S. Bai, M.G. Caron, and L.S. Barak Atypical responsiveness of the orphan receptor GPR55 to cannabinoid ligands J Biol Chem 284 43 2009 29817 29827
84. S. Karaliota, A. Siafaka-Kapadai, C. Gontinou, K. Psarra, and M. Mavri-Vavayanni Anandamide increases the differentiation of rat adipocytes and causes PPAR[gamma] and CB1 receptor upregulation Obesity 17 10 2009 1830 1838
85. T.C. Kirkham, C.M. Williams, F. Fezza, and V. Di Marzo Endocannabinoid levels in rat limbic forebrain and hypothalamus in relation to fasting, feeding and satiation: stimulation of eating by 2-arachidonoyl glycerol Br J Pharmacol 136 4 2002 550 557
86. B. Kola, I. Farkas, M. Christ-Crain, G. Wittmann, F. Lolli, and F. Amin The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system PLoS ONE 3 3 2008
87. C.P. Kratz, C.M. Niemeyer, and M. Zenker An unexpected new role of mutant Ras: perturbation of human embryonic development J Mol Med 85 3 2007 223 231
88. H. Lan, G. Vassileva, A. Corona, L. Liu, H. Baker, and A. Golovko GPR119 is required for physiological regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion but not for metabolic homeostasis J Endocrinol 201 2 2009 219 230
89. J.E. Lauckner, B. Hille, and K. Mackie The cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 increases intracellular calcium via CB1 receptor coupling to G(q/11) G proteins Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 52 2005 19144 19149
90. J.E. Lauckner, J.B. Jensen, H.Y. Chen, H.C. Lu, B. Hille, and K. Mackie GPR55 is a cannabinoid receptor that increases intracellular calcium and inhibits M current Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 7 2008 2699 2704
91. J.D. Leggett, S. Aspley, S.R.G. Beckett, A.M. D'Antona, D.A. Kendall, and D.A. Kendall Oleamide is a selective endogenous agonist of rat and human CB1 cannabinoid receptors Br J Pharmacol 141 2 2004 253 262
92. Lemberger T., Desvergne B., and Wahli W. Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptors: a nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 1996 335 363
93. C. Li, J.E. Bowe, P.M. Jones, and S.J. Persaud Expression and function of cannabinoid receptors in mouse islets Islets 2 2010 1 10
94. C. Li, P.M. Jones, and S.J. Persaud Cannabinoid receptors are coupled to stimulation of insulin secretion from mouse MIN6 beta-cells Cell Physiol Biochem 26 2010 187 196
95. C. Lipina, C. Stretton, S. Hastings, J.S. Hundal, K. Mackie, and A.J. Irving Regulation of MAP kinase-directed mitogenic and protein kinase B-mediated signaling by cannabinoid receptor type 1 in skeletal muscle cells Diabetes 59 2 2010 375 385
96. Y.L. Liu, I.P. Connoley, C.A. Wilson, and M.J. Stock Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 on oxygen consumption and soleus muscle glucose uptake in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice Int J Obes 29 2 2005 183 187
97. M. Lopez de Jesus, J. Salles, J.J. Meana, and L.F. Callado Characterization of CB1 cannabinoid receptor immunoreactivity in postmortem human brain homogenates Neuroscience 140 2 2006 635 643
98. K. Mackie, W.A. Devane, and B. Hille Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N18 neuroblastoma-cells Mol Pharmacol 44 3 1993 498 503
99. K. Mackie, Y. Lai, R. Westenbroek, and R. Mitchell Cannabinoids activate an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and inhibit Q-type calcium currents in Att20 cells transfected with rat-brain cannabinoid receptor J Neurosci 15 10 1995 6552 6561
100. K. Mackie, and N. Stella Cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids: evidence for new players AAPS J 8 2 2006 E298 E306
101. I. Matias, M.P. Gonthier, P. Orlando, V. Martiadis, L. De Petrocellis, and C. Cervino Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91 8 2006 3171 3180
102. L.A. Matsuda, S.J. Lolait, M.J. Brownstein, A.C. Young, and T.I. Bonner Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA Nature 346 6284 1990 561 564
103. R. Mechoulam, E. Fride, L. Hanus, S. Benshabat, J. Barg, and Z. Vogel Endogenous ligands for the central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors J Neurochem 65 1995 S8-S8
104. M. Melis, S. Perra, A.L. Muntoni, G. Pillolla, B. Lutz, and G. Marsicano Prefrontal cortex stimulation induces 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol-mediated suppression of excitation in dopamine neurons J Neurosci 24 47 2004 10707 10715
105. E. Mezey, Z.E. Toth, D.N. Cortright, M.K. Arzubi, J.E. Krause, and R. Elde Distribution of mRNA for vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), and VR1-like immunoreactivity, in the central nervous system of the rat and human Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 7 2000 3655 3660
106. S. Migrenne, A. Lacombe, A.L. Lefèvre, M.P. Pruniaux, E. Guillot, A.M. Galzin, and C. Magnan Adiponectin is required to mediate rimonabant-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity but not body weight loss in diet-induced obese mice Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296 4 2009 R929 R935
107. S. Mølhøj, H.S. Hansen, M. Scweiger, R. Zimmermann, T. Johansen, and K. Malmlöf Effect of the cannabinoid receptor-1 antagonist on lipolysis in rats Eur J Pharmacol 646 2010 38 45
108. N.G. Morgan, and S.L.F. Chan Imidazoline binding sites in the endocrine pancreas: can they fulfil their potential as targets for the development of new insulin secretagogues? Curr Pharm Des 7 14 2001 1413 1431
109. S. Munro, K.L. Thomas, and M. Abu-Shaar Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids Nature 365 6441 1993 61 65
110. M. Nakata, and T. Yada Cannabinoids inhibit insulin secretion and cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation in islet beta-cells via CB1 receptors Regul Pept 145 1-3 2008 49 53
111. Y. Ning, K. O'Neill, H. Lan, L. Pang, L.X. Shan, and B.E. Hawes Endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119 differ in signalling pathways and their effects on insulin secretion in MIN6c4 insulinoma cells Br J Pharmacol 155 7 2008 1056 1065
112. D. Osei-Hyiaman, M. DePetrillo, P. Pacher, J. Liu, S. Radaeva, and S. Batkai Endocannabinoid activation at hepatic CB1 receptors stimulates fatty acid synthesis and contributes to diet-induced obesity J Clin Investig 115 5 2005 1298 1305
113. S.E. O'Sullivan, D.A. Kendall, and M.D. Randall The effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in rat mesenteric vasculature, and its interactions with the endocannabinoid anandamide Br J Pharmacol 145 4 2005 514 526
114. S.E. O'Sullivan, E.J. Tarling, A.J. Bennett, D.A. Kendall, and M.D. Randall Novel time-dependent vascular actions of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Biochem Biophys Res Commun 337 3 2005 824 831
115. H.A. Overton, A.J. Babbs, S.M. Doel, M.C.T. Fyfe, L.S. Gardner, and G. Griffin Deorphanization of a G protein-coupled receptor for oleoylethanolamide and its use in the discovery of small-molecule hypophagic agents Cell Metab 3 3 2006 167 175
116. C. Pagano, C. Pilon, A. Calcagno, R. Urbanet, M. Rossato, and G. Milan The endogenous cannabinoid system stimulates glucose uptake in human fat cells via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and calcium-dependent mechanisms J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92 12 2007 4810 4819
117. U. Pagotto, G. Marsicano, D. Cota, B. Lutz, and R. Pasquali The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in endocrine regulation and energy balance Endocr Rev 27 1 2006 73 100
118. G. Petersen, C. Sorensen, P.C. Schmid, A. Artmann, M. Tang-Christensen, and S.H. Hansen Intestinal levels of anandamide and oleoylethanolamide in food-deprived rats are regulated through their precursors Biochim Biophys Acta: Mol Cell Biol Lipids 1761 2 2006 143 150
119. B. Poirier, J.P. Bidouard, C. Cadrouvele, X. Marniquet, B. Staels, and S.E. O'Connor The anti-obesity effect of rimonabant is associated with an improved serum lipid profile Diab Obes Metab 7 1 2005 65 72
120. A.C. Porter, J.M. Sauer, M.D. Knierman, G.W. Becker, M.J. Berna, and J.Q. Bao Characterization of a novel endocannabinoid, virodhamine, with antagonist activity at the CB1 receptor J Pharmacol Exp Ther 301 3 2002 1020 1024
121. 2+, cAMP, and phospholipid-derived messengers in coupling mechanisms of insulin-secretion Physiol Rev 67 4 1987 1185 1248
122. S.M. Prescott, and P.W. Majerus Characterization of 1,2-diacylglycerol hydrolysis in human-platelets - demonstration of an arachidonoyl- monoacylglycerol intermediate J Biol Chem 258 2 1983 764 769
123. R.D. Ramracheya, D.S. Muller, Y. Wu, B.J. Whitehouse, G.C. Huang, and S.A. Amiel Direct regulation of insulin secretion by angiotensin II in human islets of Langerhans Diabetologia 49 2 2006 321 331
124. G.K. Rao, and N.E. Kaminski Induction of intracellular calcium elevation by Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in T cells involves TRPC1 channels J Leukoc Biol 79 1 2006 202 213
125. C. Ravinet Trillou, C. Delgorge, C. Menet, M. Arnone, and P. Soubrie CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 28 4 2004 640 648
126. L.A. Roberts, H.R. Ross, and M. Connor Methanandamide activation of a novel current in mouse trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons in vitro Neuropharmacology 54 1 2008 172 180
127. A.B. Ropero, P. Juan-Pico, A. Rafacho, E. Fuentes, F.J. Bermudez-Silva, and E. Roche Rapid non-genomic regulation of Ca2+ signals and insulin secretion by PPAR alpha ligands in mouse pancreatic islets of Langerhans J Endocrinol 200 2 2009 127 138
128. R.A. Ross Anandamide and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors Br J Pharmacol 140 5 2003 790 801
129. N.E. Rowland, K. Robertson, J. Lo, and E. Rema Cross tolerance between anorectic action and induction of Fos-ir with dexfenfluramine and 5HT(1B/2C) agonists in rats Psychopharmacology 156 1 2001 108 114
130. V. Rubovitch, M. Gafni, and Y. Sarne The cannabinoid agonist DALN dependent calcium-channels positively modulates L-type voltage-in N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells Mol Brain Res 101 1-2 2002 93 102
131. E. Ryberg, N. Larsson, S. Sjogren, S. Hjorth, N.O. Hermansson, and J. Leonova The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor Br J Pharmacol 152 7 2007 1092 1101
132. C. Sanchez, I. Galve-Roperh, D. Rueda, and M. Guzman Involvement of sphingomyelin hydrolysis and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced stimulation of glucose metabolism in primary astrocytes Mol Pharmacol 54 5 1998 834 843
133. M.G. Sanchez, L. Ruiz-Llorente, A.M. Sanchez, and I. Diaz-Laviada Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/PKB pathway by CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors expressed in prostate PC-3 cells. Involvement in Raf-1 stimulation and NGF induction Cell Signal 15 9 2003 851 859
134. E. Santini, P. Fallahi, S.M. Ferrari, A. Masoni, A. Antonelli, and E. Ferrannini Effect of PPAR-gamma activation and inhibition on glucose-stimulated insulin release in INS-1e cells Diabetes 53 2004 S79 S83
135. M. Sawzdargo, T. Nguyen, D.K. Lee, K.R. Lynch, R. Cheng, and H.H.Q. Heng Identification and cloning of three novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes GPR52, Psi GPR53 and GPR55: GPR55 is extensively expressed in human brain Mol Brain Res 64 2 1999 193 198
136. A.J. Scheen Cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists in type-2 diabetes Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 21 4 2007 535 553
137. A.J. Scheen, and N. Paquot Use of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of metabolic disorders Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 23 1 2009 103 116
138. 2+ signals in insulin granule exocytosis Diabetes 53 2004 S59 S62
139. K. Shimomura, H. Shimizu, M. Ikeda, S. Okada, M. Kakei, and S. Matsumoto Fenofibrate, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) close K-ATP channels and induce insulin secretion J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310 3 2004 1273 1280
140. D. Smart, and J.C. Jerman Anandamide: an endogenous activator of the vanilloid receptor Trends Pharmacol Sci 21 4 2000 134-134
141. D. Smart, K.O. Jonsson, S. Vandevoorde, D.M. Lambert, and C.J. Fowler 'Entourage' effects of N-acyl ethanolamines at human vanilloid receptors. Comparison of effects upon anandamide-induced vanilloid receptor activation and upon anandamide metabolism Br J Pharmacol 136 3 2002 452 458
142. T. Soga, T. Ohishi, T. Matsui, T. Saito, M. Matsumoto, and J. Takasaki Lysophosphatidylcholine enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion via an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor Biochem Biophys Res Commun 326 4 2005 744 751
143. R. Spanagel, and F. Weiss The dopamine hypothesis of reward: past and current status Trends Neurosci 22 11 1999 521 527
144. K.M. Starowicz, L. Cristino, I. Matias, R. Capasso, A. Racioppi, and A.A. Izzo Endocannabinoid dysregulation in the pancreas and adipose tissue of mice fed with a high-fat diet Obesity 16 3 2008 553 565
145. T. Sugiura, T. Kodaka, S. Kondo, S. Nakane, H. Kondo, and K. Waku Is the cannabinoid CB1 receptor a 2-arachidonoylglycerol receptor? Structural requirements for triggering a Ca2+ transient in NG108-15 cells J Biochem 122 4 1997 890 895
146. T. Sugiura, T. Kodaka, S. Kondo, T. Tonegawa, S. Nakane, and S. Kishimoto 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, a putative endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, induces rapid, transient elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ in neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 229 1 1996 58 64
147. T. Sugiura, S. Kondo, S. Kishimoto, T. Miyashita, S. Nakane, and T. Kodaka Evidence that 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-palmitoylethanolamine or anandamide is the physiological ligand for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor - comparison of the agonistic activities of various cannabinoid receptor ligands in HL-60 cells J Biol Chem 275 1 2000 605 612
148. T. Sugiura, S. Kondo, A. Sukagawa, S. Nakane, A. Shinoda, and K. Itoh 2-Arachidonoylgylcerol - a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor-ligand in brain Biochem Biophys Res Commun 215 1 1995 89 97
149. T. Sugiura, and K. Waku 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and the cannabinoid receptors Chem Phys Lipids 108 1-2 2000 89 106
150. J. Tam, V.K. Vemuri, J. Liu, S. Bátkai, B. Mukhopadhyay, and G. Godlewski Peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade improves cardiometabolic risk in mouse models of obesity J Clin Investig 120 8 2010 2953 2966
151. W.G. Tharp, Y.H. Lee, R.L. Maple, and R.E. Pratley The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in pancreatic delta-cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372 4 2008 595 600
152. M.D. Van Sickle, M. Duncan, P.J. Kingsley, A. Mouihate, P. Urbani, and K. Mackie Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors Science 310 5746 2005 329 332
153. B. Vanheel, and J. Van de Voorde Regional differences in anandamide- and methanandamide-induced membrane potential changes in rat mesenteric arteries J Pharmacol Exp Ther 296 2 2001 322 328
154. R. Vettor, and C. Pagano The role of the endocannabinoid system in lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 23 1 2009 51 63
155. A. Vilches-Flores, N.L. Delgado-Buenrostro, G. Navarrete-Vazquez, and R. Villalobos-Molina CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression is regulated by glucose and feeding in rat pancreatic islets Regul Pept 163 1-3 2010 81 87
156. L. Walter, A. Franklin, A. Witting, C. Wade, Y.H. Xie, and G. Kunos Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration J Neurosci 23 4 2003 1398 1405
157. C.M. Williams, and T.C. Kirkham Observational analysis of feeding induced by Delta(9)-THC and anandamide Physiol Behav 76 2 2002 241 250
158. K. Wright, N. Rooney, M. Feeney, J. Tate, D. Robertson, and M. Welham Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing Gastroenterology 129 2 2005 437 453
159. P.M. Zygmunt, J. Petersson, D.A. Andersson, H.H. Chuang, M. Sorgard, and V. Di Marzo Vanilloid receptors on sensory nerves mediate the vasodilator action of anandamide Nature 400 6743 1999 452 457