Molecular mechanisms controlling human adipose tissue development: Insights from monogenic lipodystrophies

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine

Volumn 12, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Rochford, Justin J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAVEOLIN 1; CELL DEATH INDUCING DNA FRAGMENTATION FACTOR ALPHA LIKE EFFECT C; CELL PROTEIN; FAT DROPLET; INSULIN; LAMIN A; LAMIN C; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PROTEIN KINASE B BETA; REGULATOR PROTEIN; SEIPIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

1 ACYLGLYCEROL 3 PHOSPHATE O ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 GENE; ADIPOSE TISSUE; BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION; BSCL2 GENE; CAVEOLIN 1 GENE; CELL DEATH INDUCING DNA FRAGMENTATION FACTOR ALPHA LIKE EFFECT C GENE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MATURATION; CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY; FAMILIAL PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY; GENE DISRUPTION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LOSS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HORMONE ACTION; HUMAN; LIPODYSTROPHY; LIPOGENESIS; LMNA GENE; METABOLIC REGULATION; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; MUTATOR GENE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA GENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PTRF GENE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ZMPSTE24 GENE; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; GENETICS; METABOLISM; OBESITY; PATHOLOGY;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; HUMANS; LIPODYSTROPHY; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; OBESITY;

EID: 77957001356     PISSN: 14623994     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1462399410001547     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Garg, A. andAgarwal, A.K. (2009) Lipodystrophies: disorders of adipose tissue biology. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791, 507-513
2. Hayashi, Y.K. et al. (2009) Human PTRF mutations cause secondary deficiency of caveolins resulting in muscular dystrophy with generalized lipodystrophy. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 119, 2623-2633
3. Hegele, R.A. et al. (2007) Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Lipodystrophies: windows on adipose biology and metabolism. Journal of Lipid Research 48, 1433-1444 (Pubitemid 47312005)
4. Rubio-Cabezas, O. et al. (2009) Partial lipodystrophy and insulin resistant diabetes in a patient with a homozygous nonsense mutation in CIDEC. EMBO Molecular Medicine 1, 280-287
5. Agarwal, A.K. and Garg, A. (2006) Genetic disorders of adipose tissue development, differentiation, and death. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 7, 175-199 (Pubitemid 44627927)
6. Mallewa, J.E. et al. (2008) HIV-associated lipodystrophy: a review of underlying mechanisms and therapeutic options. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 62, 648-660
7. Villarroya, F., Domingo, P. and Giralt, M. (2007) Lipodystrophy in HIV 1-infected patients: lessons for obesity research. International Journal of Obesity 31, 1763-1776 (Pubitemid 350174633)
8. Waki, H. and Tontonoz, P. (2007) Endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Annual Review of Pathology 2, 31-56 (Pubitemid 46448059)
9. Guo, Y. et al. (2009) Lipid droplets at a glance. Journal of Cell Science 122, 749-752
10. Brasaemle, D.L. (2007) Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. The perilipin family of structural lipid droplet proteins: stabilization of lipid droplets and control of lipolysis. Journal of Lipid Research 48, 2547-2559
11. Ducharme, N.A. and Bickel, P.E. (2008) Lipid droplets in lipogenesis and lipolysis. Endocrinology 149, 942-949
12. Lefterova, M.I. and Lazar, M.A. (2009) New developments in adipogenesis. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 20, 107-114
13. Rosen, E.D. and MacDougald, O.A. (2006) Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 7, 885-896 (Pubitemid 44871415)
14. White, U.A. and Stephens, J.M. (2010) Transcriptional factors that promote formation of white adipose tissue. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 318, 10-14
15. Savage, D.B. (2009) Mouse models of inherited lipodystrophy. Disease Models and Mechanisms 2, 554-562
16. Savage, D.B., Petersen, K.F. and Shulman, G.I. (2007) Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Physiological Reviews 87, 507-520 (Pubitemid 47084679)
17. Unger, R.H. and Scherer, P.E. (2010) Gluttony, sloth and the metabolic syndrome: a roadmap to lipotoxicity. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 21, 345-352
18. Virtue, S. and Vidal-Puig, A. (2010) Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome - an allostatic perspective. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1801, 338-349
19. Spalding, K.L. et al. (2008) Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Nature 453, 783-787 (Pubitemid 351793777)
20. Kissebah, A.H. and Krakower, G.R. (1994) Regional adiposity and morbidity. Physiological Reviews 74, 761-811 (Pubitemid 24328939)
21. Snijder, M.B. et al. (2003) Associations of hip and thigh circumferences independent of waist circumference with the incidence of type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, 1192-1197 (Pubitemid 44858435)
22. Tran, T.T. et al. (2008) Beneficial effects of subcutaneous fat transplantation on metabolism. Cell Metabolism 7, 410-420 (Pubitemid 351598027)
23. Tchkonia, T. et al. (2006) Fat depot-specific characteristics are retained in strains derived from single human preadipocytes. Diabetes 55, 2571-2578 (Pubitemid 44871158)
24. Tran, T.T. and Kahn, C.R. (2010) Transplantation of adipose tissue and stem cells: role in metabolism and disease. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 6, 195-213
25. Simha, V. and Garg, A. (2003) Phenotypic heterogeneity in body fat distribution in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy caused by mutations in the AGPAT2 or seipin genes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88, 5433-5437 (Pubitemid 37452750)
26. Kim, C.A. et al. (2008) Association of a homozygous nonsense caveolin-1 mutation with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93, 1129-1134 (Pubitemid 351540679)
27. Pearce, L.R., Komander, D. and Alessi, D.R. (2010) The nuts and bolts of AGC protein kinases. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 11, 9-22
28. Tontonoz, P. and Spiegelman, B.M. (2008) Fat and beyond: the diverse biology of PPARgamma. Annual Review of Biochemistry 77, 289-312
29. Shackleton, S. et al. (2000) LMNA, encoding lamin A/C, is mutated in partial lipodystrophy. Nature Genetics 24, 153-156 (Pubitemid 30094715)
30. Hegele, R.A. et al. (2000) Association between nuclear lamin A/C R482Q mutation and partial lipodystrophy with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Genome Research 10, 652-658 (Pubitemid 30333193)
31. Hegele, R.A. et al. (2000) Heterogeneity of nuclear lamin A mutations in Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85, 3431-3435
32. Cao, H. and Hegele, R.A. (2000) Nuclear laminA/C R482Q mutation in canadian kindreds with Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy. Human Molecular Genetics 9, 109-112
33. Worman, H.J. and Bonne, G. (2007) "Laminopathies": a wide spectrum of human diseases. Experimental Cell Research 313, 2121-2133
34. Dechat, T. et al. (2008) Nuclear lamins: major factors in the structural organization and function of the nucleus and chromatin. Genes and Development 22, 832-853 (Pubitemid 351482836)
35. Agarwal, A.K. et al. (2003) Zinc metalloproteinase, ZMPSTE24, is mutated in mandibuloacral dysplasia. Human Molecular Genetics 12, 1995-2001 (Pubitemid 37038808)
36. Pendas, A.M. et al. (2002) Defective prelamin A processing and muscular and adipocyte alterations in Zmpste24 metalloproteinase-deficient mice. Nature Genetics 31, 94-99
37. Lloyd, D.J., Trembath, R.C. and Shackleton, S. (2002) A novel interaction between lamin A and SREBP1: implications for partial lipodystrophy and other laminopathies. Human Molecular Genetics 11, 769-777 (Pubitemid 34428644)
38. Kim, J.B. and Spiegelman, B.M. (1996) ADD1/SREBP1 promotes adipocyte differentiation and gene expression linked to fatty acid metabolism. Genes and Development 10, 1096-1107 (Pubitemid 26152851)
39. Kim, J.B. et al. (1998) ADD1/SREBP1 activates PPARgamma through the production of endogenous ligand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, 4333-4337 (Pubitemid 28207912)
40. Bengoechea-Alonso, M.T. and Ericsson, J. (2007) SREBP in signal transduction: cholesterol metabolism and beyond. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 19, 215-222 (Pubitemid 46386402)
41. Capanni, C. et al. (2003) Failure of lamin A/C to functionally assemble in R482L mutated familial partial lipodystrophy fibroblasts: altered intermolecular interaction with emerin and implications for gene transcription. Experimental Cell Research 291, 122-134 (Pubitemid 37345152)
42. Capanni, C. et al. (2005) Altered pre-lamin A processing is a common mechanism leading to lipodystrophy. Human Molecular Genetics 14, 1489-1502 (Pubitemid 40823458)
43. Boguslavsky, R.L., Stewart, C.L. and Worman, H.J. (2006) Nuclear lamin A inhibits adipocyte differentiation: implications for Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy. Human Molecular Genetics 15, 653-663 (Pubitemid 43205428)
44. Classon, M. et al. (2000) Opposing roles of pRB and p107 in adipocyte differentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97, 10826-10831
45. Barak, Y. et al. (1999) PPAR gamma is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development. Molecular Cell 4, 585-595 (Pubitemid 29531138)
46. Rosen, E.D. et al. (1999) PPAR gamma is required for the differentiation of adipose tissue in vivo and in vitro. Molecular Cell 4, 611-617 (Pubitemid 29531140)
47. Jeninga, E.H., Gurnell, M. and Kalkhoven, E. (2009) Functional implications of genetic variation in human PPARgamma. Trends in Endocrinologyand Metabolism 20, 380-387
48. Lefterova, M.I. et al. (2008) PPARgamma and C/EBP factors orchestrate adipocyte biology via adjacent binding on a genome-wide scale. Genes and Development 22, 2941-2952
49. Nielsen, R. et al. (2008) Genome-wide profiling of PPARgamma:RXR and RNA polymerase II occupancy reveals temporal activation of distinct metabolic pathways and changes in RXR dimer composition during adipogenesis. Genes and Development 22, 2953-2967
50. Semple, R.K., Chatterjee, V.K. and O'Rahilly, S. (2006) PPAR gamma and human metabolic disease. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 116, 581-589 (Pubitemid 43326862)
51. Chao, L. et al. (2000) Adipose tissue is required for the antidiabetic, but not for the hypolipidemic, effect of thiazolidinediones. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 106, 1221-1228
52. He, W. et al. (2003) Adipose-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma knockout causes insulin resistance in fat and liver but not in muscle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 15712-15717 (Pubitemid 38021055)
53. Hevener, A.L. et al. (2003) Muscle-specific Pparg deletion causes insulin resistance. Nature Medicine 9, 1491-1497 (Pubitemid 38004776)
54. Guan, H.P. et al. (2002) A futile metabolic cycle activated in adipocytes by antidiabetic agents. Nature Medicine 8, 1122-1128
55. Medina-Gomez, G., Gray, S. and Vidal-Puig, A. (2007) Adipogenesis and lipotoxicity: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and PPARgammacoactivator-1 (PGC1). Public Health Nutrition 10, 1132-1137 (Pubitemid 350085201)
56. Yamauchi, T. et al. (2001) The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nature Medicine 7, 941-946 (Pubitemid 32756432)
57. Yamauchi, T. et al. (2002) Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nature Medicine 8, 1288-1285
58. Kawai, T. et al. (1999) Effects of troglitazone on fat distribution in the treatment of male type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 48, 1102-1107
59. Kelly, I.E. et al. (1999) Effects of a thiazolidinedione compound on body fat and fat distribution of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 22, 288-293 (Pubitemid 29056924)
60. Mori, Y. et al. (1999) Effect of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 22, 908-1012
61. George, S. et al. (2004) A family with severe insulin resistance and diabetes due to a mutation in AKT2. Science 304, 1325-1328 (Pubitemid 38697429)
62. Johnson, L.N., Noble, M.E. and Owen, D.J. (1996) Active and inactive protein kinases: structural basis for regulation. Cell 85, 149-158 (Pubitemid 26118158)
63. Yang, J. et al. (2002) Crystal structure of an activated Akt/protein kinase B ternary complex with GSK3-peptide and AMP-PNP. Natural Structural Biology 9, 940-944 (Pubitemid 35417064)
64. Cho, H. et al. (2001) Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKB beta). Science 292, 1728-1731 (Pubitemid 32506248)
65. Garofalo, R.S. et al. (2003) Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2/PKB beta. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 112, 197-208 (Pubitemid 38056356)
66. Peng, X.D. et al. (2003) Dwarfism, impaired skin development, skeletal muscle atrophy, delayed bone development, and impeded adipogenesis in mice lacking Akt1 and Akt2. Genes and Development 17, 1352-1365
67. Yun, S.J. et al. (2008) Isoform-specific regulation of adipocyte differentiation by Akt/protein kinase Balpha. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 371, 138-143
68. Bouzakri, K. et al. (2006) siRNA-based gene silencing reveals specialized roles of IRS-1/Akt2 and IRS-2/Akt1 in glucose and lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle. Cell Metabolism 4, 89-96 (Pubitemid 43964475)
69. Barthel, A. et al. (2001) Differential regulation of endogenous glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression by the forkhead transcription factor FKHR in H4IIE-hepatoma cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 285, 897-902 (Pubitemid 32918020)
70. Liao, J. et al. (1998) Activation of protein kinase B/Akt is sufficient to repress the glucocorticoid and cAMP induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 27320-27324 (Pubitemid 28500447)
71. Bae, S.S. et al. (2003) Isoform-specific regulation of insulin-dependent glucose uptake by Akt/protein kinase B. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, 49530-49536
72. Jiang, Z.Y. et al. (2003) Insulin signaling through Akt/protein kinase B analyzed by small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 7569-7574 (Pubitemid 36760010)
73. Larance, M. et al. (2005) Characterization of the role of the Rab GTPase-activating protein AS160 in insulin-regulated GLUT4 trafficking. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 37803-37813 (Pubitemid 41642391)
74. Miinea, C.P. et al. (2005) AS160, the Akt substrate regulating GLUT4 translocation, has a functional Rab GTPase-activating protein domain. The Biochemical Journal 391, 87-93 (Pubitemid 41445479)
75. Ng, Y. et al. (2008) Rapid activation of Akt2 is sufficient to stimulate GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell Metabolism 7, 348-356 (Pubitemid 351455217)
76. Giorgino, F., Laviola, L. and Eriksson, J.W. (2005) Regional differences of insulin action in adipose tissue: insights from in vivo and in vitro studies. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 183, 13-30 (Pubitemid 40188033)
77. Gerin, I. et al. (2009) On the role of FOX transcription factors in adipocyte differentiation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, 10755-10763
78. Nakae, J. et al. (2003) The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 regulates adipocyte differentiation. Developmental Cell 4, 119-129 (Pubitemid 36105338)
79. Wolfrum, C. et al. (2003) Role of Foxa-2 in adipocyte metabolism and differentiation. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 112, 345-356 (Pubitemid 38063763)
80. Davis, K.E., Moldes, M. and Farmer, S.R. (2004) The forkhead transcription factor FoxC2 inhibits white adipocyte differentiation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 42453-42461 (Pubitemid 39372128)
81. Krycer, J.R. et al. (2010) The Akt-SREBP nexus: cell signaling meets lipid metabolism. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 21, 268-276
82. Jiang, Z.Y. et al. (2005) Identification of WNK1 as a substrate of Akt/protein kinase B and a negative regulator of insulin-stimulated mitogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 21622-21628 (Pubitemid 40805731)
83. Levine, A.J. et al. (2006) Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathways. Genes and Development 20, 267-275 (Pubitemid 43200281)
84. Inohara, N. et al. (1998) CIDE, a novel family of cell death activators with homology to the 45 kDasubunit of the DNA fragmentation factor. The EMBO Journal 17, 2526-2533 (Pubitemid 28221188)
85. Li, J.Z. et al. (2007) Cideb regulates diet-induced obesity, liver steatosis, and insulin sensitivity by controlling lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Diabetes 56, 2523-2532 (Pubitemid 47523259)
86. Zhou, Z. et al. (2003) Cidea-deficient mice have lean phenotype and are resistant to obesity. Nature Genetics 35, 49-56 (Pubitemid 37048595)
87. Danesch, U., Hoeck, W. and Ringold, G.M. (1992) Cloning and transcriptional regulation of a novel adipocyte-specific gene, FSP27. CAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and C/EBP-like proteins interact with sequences required for differentiation-dependent expression. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 7185-7193
88. Nishino, N. et al. (2008) FSP27 contributes to efficient energy storage in murine white adipocytes by promoting the formation of unilocular lipid droplets. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 118, 2808-2821
89. Toh, S.Y. et al. (2008) Up-regulation of mitochondrial activity and acquirement of brown adipose tissue-like property in the white adipose tissue of fsp27 deficient mice. PLoS One 3, e2890
90. Keller, P. et al. (2008) Fat-specific protein 27 regulates storage of triacylglycerol. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 14355-14365
91. Puri, V. et al. (2007) Fat-specific protein 27, a novel lipid droplet protein that enhances triglyceride storage. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, 34213-34218 (Pubitemid 350159455)
92. Nian, Z. et al. (2010) Fat-specific protein 27 undergoes ubiquitin-dependent degradation regulated by triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplet formation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 9604-9615
93. Magre, J. et al. (2001) Identification of the gene altered in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy on chromosome 11q13. Nature Genetics 28, 365-370 (Pubitemid 32702427)
94. Payne, V.A. et al. (2008) The human lipodystrophy gene BSCL2/seipin may be essential for normal adipocyte differentiation. Diabetes 57, 2055-2060
95. Agarwal, A.K. and Garg, A. (2004) Seipin: a mysterious protein. Trends in Molecular Medicine 10, 440-444 (Pubitemid 39209210)
96. Ito, D. et al. (2008) Characterization of seipin/BSCL2, a protein associated with spastic paraplegia 17. Neurobiology of Disease 31, 266-277
97. Lundin, C. et al. (2006) Membrane topology of the human seipin protein. FEBS Letters 580, 2281-2284
98. Miranda, D.M. et al. (2009) Novel mutations of the BSCL2 and AGPAT2 genes in 10 families with Berardinelli-Seip congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndrome. Clinical Endocrinology 71, 512-517
99. Van Maldergem, L. et al. (2002) Genotype-phenotype relationships in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy. Journal of Medical Genetics 39, 722-733 (Pubitemid 35178722)
100. Windpassinger, C. et al. (2004) Heterozygous missense mutations in BSCL2 are associated with distal hereditary motor neuropathy and Silver syndrome. Nature Genetics 36, 271-276 (Pubitemid 38282752)
101. Antuna-Puente, B. et al. (2010) Higher adiponectin levels in patients with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy due to seipin as compared with 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-o-acyltransferase-2 deficiency. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 95, 1463-1468
102. Szymanski, K.M. et al. (2007) The lipodystrophy protein seipin is found at endoplasmic reticulum lipid droplet junctions and is important for droplet morphology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 20890-20895
103. Fei, W. et al. (2008) Fld1p, a functional homologue of human seipin, regulates the size of lipid droplets in yeast. Journal of Cell Biology 180, 473-482 (Pubitemid 351240697)
104. Chen, W. et al. (2009) The human lipodystrophy gene product Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2/seipin plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation. Endocrinology 150, 4552-4561
105. Boutet, E. et al. (2009) Seipin deficiency alters fatty acid Delta9 desaturation and lipid droplet formation in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy. Biochimie 91, 796-803
106. Paton, C.M. and Ntambi, J.M. (2009) Biochemical and physiological function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, E28-E37
107. Agarwal, A.K. et al. (2002) AGPAT2 is mutated in congenital generalized lipodystrophy linked to chromosome 9q34. Nature Genetics 31, 21-23
108. Shindou, H. and Shimizu, T. (2009) Acyl- CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, 1-5
109. Takeuchi, K. and Reue, K. (2009) Biochemistry, physiology, and genetics of GPAT, AGPAT, and lipin enzymes in triglyceride synthesis. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, E1195-E1209
110. Gale, S.E. et al. (2006) A regulatory role for 1-acylglycerol-3- phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 in adipocyte differentiation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, 11082-11089 (Pubitemid 43855532)
111. Hollenback, D. et al. (2006) Substrate specificity of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase beta -evidence from membrane and whole cell assays. Journal of Lipid Research 47, 593-604 (Pubitemid 43345600)
112. Coon, M. et al. (2003) Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase beta disrupts proliferative and survival signals in normal cells and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2, 1067-1078
113. La Rosee, P. et al. (2006) Antileukemic activity of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-beta inhibitor CT32228 in chronic myelogenous leukemia sensitive and resistant to imatinib. Clinical Cancer Research 12, 6540-6546
114. Carrasco, S. and Merida, I. (2007) Diacylglycerol, when simplicity becomes complex. Trends Biochem Sci 32, 27-36 (Pubitemid 46038735)
115. Guo, Y. et al. (2008) Functional genomic screen reveals genes involved in lipid-droplet formation and utilization. Nature 453, 657-661 (Pubitemid 351769298)
116. Cortes, V.A. et al. (2009) Molecular mechanisms of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in the AGPAT2-deficient mouse model of congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Cell Metabolism 9, 165-176
117. Cohen, A.W. et al. (2004) Role of caveolae and caveolins in health and disease. Physiological Reviews 84, 1341-1379 (Pubitemid 39287953)
118. Fan, J.Y. et al. (1983) Morphological changes of the 3T3-L1 fibroblast plasma membrane upon differentiation to the adipocyte form. Journal of Cell Science 61, 219-230 (Pubitemid 13064310)
119. Le Lay, S. et al. (2009) Filling up adipocytes with lipids. Lessons from caveolin-1 deficiency. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1791, 514-518
120. Razani, B. et al. (2002) Caveolin-1-deficient mice are lean, resistant to diet-induced obesity, and show hypertriglyceridemia with adipocyte abnormalities. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 8635-8647 (Pubitemid 34968330)
121. Drab, M. et al. (2001) Loss of caveolae, vascular dysfunction, and pulmonary defects in caveolin-1 gene-disrupted mice. Science 293, 2449-2452 (Pubitemid 32917325)
122. Ring, A. et al. (2006) Caveolin-1 is required for fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) localization and function at the plasma membrane of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1761, 416-423 (Pubitemid 43776458)
123. Le Lay, S. et al. (2006) Cholesterol-induced caveolin targeting to lipid droplets in adipocytes: a role for caveolar endocytosis. Traffic 7, 549-561 (Pubitemid 44026753)
124. Blouin, C.M. et al. (2008) Regulated association of caveolins to lipid droplets during differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 376, 331-335
125. Blouin, C.M. et al. (2010) Lipid droplet analysis in caveolin-deficient adipocytes: alterations in surface phospholipid composition and maturation defects. Journal of Lipid Research 51, 945-956
126. Brasaemle, D.L. et al. (2004) Proteomic analysis of proteins associated with lipid droplets of basal and lipolytically stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 46835-46842 (Pubitemid 39518334)
127. Cohen, A.W. et al. (2004) Role of caveolin-1 in the modulation of lipolysis and lipid droplet formation. Diabetes 53, 1261-1270 (Pubitemid 38569012)
128. Cohen, A.W. et al. (2003) Role of caveolin and caveolae in insulin signaling and diabetes. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 285, E1151-E1160 (Pubitemid 37464364)
129. Fruhbeck, G., Lopez, M. and Dieguez, C. (2007) Role of caveolins in body weight and insulin resistance regulation. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 18, 177-182 (Pubitemid 46962299)
130. Liu, L. et al. (2008) Deletion of Cavin/PTRF causes global loss of caveolae, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. Cell Metabolism 8, 310-317
131. Hill, M.M. et al. (2008) PTRF-Cavin, a conserved cytoplasmic protein required for caveola formation and function. Cell 132, 113-124
132. Koh, Y.K. et al. (2008) Lipin1 is a key factor for the maturation and maintenance of adipocytes in the regulatory network with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, 34896-34906