Effects of tip geometry on interfacial contact forces

Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2010, Pages

  Knippenberg, M Todd ^a   Mikulski, Paul T ^a   Harrison, Judith A ^a  

^a UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF DATA; ATOMIC LEVELS; ATOMIC SCALE; CONTACT FORCES; CONTACT RADIUS; EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES; FRICTION FORCE; INTERFACIAL CONTACT; INTERFACIAL SHEAR STRENGTH; MACROSCALE PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NANO SCALE; NANOSCALE PROPERTIES; SAMS; SLIDING CONTACTS; STRUCTURE FACTORS; TIP GEOMETRY; TIP-SAMPLE INTERACTION; TRIBOLOGICAL INTERACTION; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ZERO LOAD;

AMORPHOUS CARBON; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONTINUUM MECHANICS; ELASTICITY; FRICTION; FULLERENES; METAL FOIL; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MONOLAYERS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; RAILROAD ROLLING STOCK; SHEAR STRENGTH; TRIBOLOGY;

ATOMS;

EID: 77949905059     PISSN: 09650393     EISSN: 1361651X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0965-0393/18/3/034002     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Goddard W A, Brenner D W, Lyshevshi S E and Iafrate G J (ed) 2007 Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press LLC)
2. Krim J 1996 Friction at the atomic scale Sci. Am. 275 74-80
3. Szlufarska I, Chandross M and Carpick R W 2008 Recent advances in single-asperity nanotribology J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 123001
4. Dickson F 2006 An industry in transition: 2006 mems forecast MEMS Industry Group, 2006
5. Maboudian R, Ashurst W R and Carraro C 2002 Tribological challenges in micromechanical systems Tribol. Lett. 12 95-100
6. Smallwood S A, Eapen K C, Patton S T and Zabinski J S 2006 Performance results of mems coated with a conformal DLC Wear 260 1179-89
7. Gardos M N 1998 Advantages and limitations of silicon as a bearing material for mems applications Tribology Issues and Opportunities in MEMS ed B Bhushan (Boston, MA: Kluwer) pp 341-66
8. de Boer M P and Mayer T M 2001 Tribology of MEMS Mater. Res. Soc. Bull 26 302-4
9. Houston M R, Howe R T, Komvopoulos K and Maboudian R 1995 Diamond-like carbon films for silicon passivation in microelectromechanical devices Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. vol 383 pp 391-402
10. Maboudian R and Howe R T 1997 Review: adhesion in surface micromechanical structures J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15 1-20
11. van Spengen W M 2003 MEMS reliability from a failure mechanisms perspective Microelectron. Reliab. 43 1049-60
12. Zhao Y P, Wang L S and Yu T X 2003 Mechanics of adhesion in MEMS-a review J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 17 519-46
13. Srinivasan U, Houston M R, Howe R T and Maboudian R 1998 Alkyltrichlorosilane-based self-assembled monolayer films for stiction reduction in silicon micromachines J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7 252-60
14. Sullivan J P, Friedmann T A and Hjort K 2001 Diamond and amorphous carbon MEMS MRS Bull. 26 309-11
15. Webster J R, Dyck C W, Sullivan J P, Friedmann T A and Carton A 2004 Performance of amorphous diamond rf MEMS capacitive switch Electron. Lett. 40 43-53
16. Auciello O, Birrell J, Carlisle J A, Gerbi J E, Xiao X C, Peng B and Espinosa H D 2004 Materials science and fabrication processes for a new mems technology based on ultrananocrystalline diamond thin films J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16 R539-52
17. Love J C, Estroff L A, Kriebel J K, Nuzzo R G and Whitesides G M 2005 Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology Chem. Rev. 105 1103-69
18. Ulman A 1996 Formation and structure of self-assembled monolayers Chem. Rev. 96 1533-54
19. Carpick R W and Salmeron M 1997 Scratching the surface: Fundamental investigations of tribology with atomic force microscopy Chem. Rev. 97 1163-94
20. Salmeron M 2001 Generation of defects in model lubricant monolayers and their contribution to energy dissipation in friction Tribol. Lett. 10 69-79
21. Lio A, Charych D H and Salmeron M 1997 Comparative atomic force microscopy study of the chain length dependence of frictional properties of alkanethiols J. Phys. Chem. B 101 3800-5
22. van der Vegte E W, Subbotin A, Hadziioannou G, Ashton P R and Preece J A 2000 Nanotribological properties of unsymmetrical n-dialkyl sulfide monolayers on gold: effect of chain length on adhesion, friction, and imaging Langmuir 16 3249-56
23. Lee S, Shon Y S, Colorado R, Guenard R L, Lee T R and Perry S S 2000 The influence of packing densities and surface order on the frictional properties of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (sams) on gold: a comparison of sams derived from normal and spiroalkanedithiols Langmuir 16 2220-4
24. 3-terminated alkanethiol sams on Au(1 1 1) Langmuir 21 933-6
25. 3-terminated alkanethiol monolayers Langmuir 21 3926-32
26. 3-terminated films Langmuir 15 3179-85
27. Wong S S, Takano H and Porter M D 1998 Mapping orientation differences of terminal functional groups by friction force microscopy Anal. Chem. 70 5209-12
28. 3 and -COOH terminal groups in mixed self-assembled monolayers by pulsed-force-mode atomic force microscopy Appl. Surf. Sci. 157 398-404
29. Barrena E, Ocal C and Salmeron M 2001 A comparative afm study of the structural and frictional properties of mixed and single component films of alkanethiols on Au(1 1 1) Surf. Sci. 482-485 1216-21
30. Brewer N M and Leggett G J 2004 Chemical force microscopy of mixed self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols on gold: evidence for phase separation Langmuir 20 4109-15
31. Lio A, Morant C, Ogletree D F and Salmeron M 1997 Atomic force microscopy study of the pressure-dependent structural and frictional properties of n-alkanethiols on gold J. Phys. Chem. B 101 4767-73
32. Barrena E, Kopta S, Ogletree D F, Charych D H and Salmeron M 1999 Relationship between friction and molecular structure: alkylsilane lubricant films under pressure Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2880-3
33. Clear S C and Nealey P F 2001 Lateral force microscopy study of the frictional behavior of self-assembled monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane on silicon/silicon dioxide immersed in n-alcohols Langmuir 17 720-32
34. Xiao X, Hu J, Charych D H and Salmeron M 1996 Chain length dependence of the frictional properties of alkylsilane molecules self-assembled on mica studied by atomic force microscopy Langmuir 12 235-7
35. Brukman M J, Marco G O, Dunbar T D, Boardman L D and Carpick R W 2006 Nanotribological properties of alkanephosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on aluminum oxide: effects of fluorination and substrate crystallinity Langmuir 22 3988-98
36. Flater E E, Ashurst W R and Carpick R W 2007 Nanotribology of octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayers and silicon: self-mated versus unmated interfaces and local packing density effects Langmuir 23 9242-52
37. Enachescu M, van den Oetelaar R J A, Carpick R W, Ogletree D F, Flipse C F J and Salmeron M 1998 Atomic force microscopy study of an ideally hard contact: the diamond(1 1 1) tungsten carbide interface Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 1877
38. Carpick R W, Ogletree D F and Salmeron M 1999 A general equation for fitting contact area and friction vs load measurements J. Colloid Interface Sci. 211 395
39. Luan B Q and Robbins M O 2005 The breakdown of continuum models for mechanical contacts Nature 435 929
40. Luan B Q and Robbins M O 2006 Contact of single asperities with varying adhesion: comparing continuum mechanics to atomistic simuations Phys. Rev. E 74 026111
41. Gao G, Cannara R J, Carpick R W and Harrison J A 2007 Atomic-scale friction on diamond: a comparison of different sliding directions on (0 0 1) and (1 1 1) surfaces using MD and AFM Langmuir 23 5394-405
42. Pearson J D, Gao G, Zikry M A and Harrison J A 2009 Nanoindentation of model diamond nanocomposites: hierarchical molecular dynamics and finite-element simulations Comput. Mater. Sci. 47 1-11
43. Lantz M A, O'Shea S J and Welland M E 1997 Simultaneous force and conduction measurements in atomic force microscopy Phys. Rev. B 56 15345-52
44. Schwarz U D, Zworner O, Koster P and Wiesendanger R 1997 Quantitative analysis of the frictional properties of solid materials at low loads: I. Carbon compounds Phys. Rev. B 56 6987
45. Kiely J D and Houston J E 1998 Nanomechanical properties of Au (1 1 1), (0 0 1), and (1 1 0) surfaces Phys. Rev. B 57 12588-94
46. Enachescu M, van den Oetelaar R J A, Carpick R W, Ogletree D F, Flipse C F J and Salmeron M 1999 Observation of proportionality between friction and contact area at the nanometer scale Tribol. Lett. 7 73-8
47. Riedo E, Chevrier J, Comin F and Brune H 2001 Nanotribology of carbon based thin films: the influence of film structure and surface morphology Surf. Sci. 477 25-34
48. Socoliuc A, Bennewitz R, Gnecco E and Meyer E 2004 Transition from stick-slip to continuous sliding in atomic friction: entering a new regime of ultralow friction Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 134301
49. Ritter C, Heyde M, Stegemann B, Rademann K and Schwarz U D 2005 Contact-area dependence of frictional forces: moving adsorbed antimony nanoparticles Phys. Rev. B 71 085405
50. Bhushan B, Israelachvili J N and Landman U 1995 Nanotribology - friction, wear and lubrication at the atomic-scale Nature 374 607-16
51. Brukman M J, Gao G, Nemanich R J and Harrison J A 2008 Temperature dependence of single-asperity diamond-diamond friction elucidated using afm and md simulations J. Phys. Chem. C 112 9358-69
52. Johnson K L and Sridhar I 2001 Adhesion between a spherical indenter and an elastic solid with a compliant elastic coating J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 34 683-9
53. Ebenstein D M and Wahl K J 2006 A comparison of JKR-based methods to analyze quasi-static and dynamic indentation force curves J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298 652-62
54. Lin Y-Y, Chang C-F and Lee W-T 2008 Effects of thickness on the largely-deformed JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) test of soft elastic layers Int. J. Solids Struct. 45 2220-32
55. Reedy E D 2006 Thin-coating contact mechanics with adhesion J. Mater. Res. 21 2660-8
56. Rutland M W, Tyrrell J W G and Attard P 2004 Analysis of atomic force microscopy data for deformable materials J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 18 1199-215
57. Attard P 2002 Friction, adhesion, and deformation: dynamic measurements with the atomic force microscope J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 16 753-91
58. Plunkett M A and Rutland M W 2002 Dynamic adhesion of grafted polymer surfaces as studied by surface force measurements J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 16 983-96
59. Landman U, Luedtke W D, Burnham N A and Colton R J 1990 Atomistic mechanisms and dynamics of adhesion, nanoindentation, and fracture Science 248 454-61
60. Hoover W G, Degroot A J, Hoover C G, Stowers I F, Kawai T, Holian B L, Boku T, Ihara J and Belak S 1990 Large-scale elastic-plastic indentation simulations via nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics Phys. Rev. A 42 5844-53
61. Tomagnini O, Ercolessi F and Tosatti E 1993 Microscopic interaction between a gold tip and a Pb(1 1 0) surface Surf. Sci. 287-288 1041-5
62. Harrison J A, White C T, Colton R J and Brenner D W 1992 Nanoscale investigation of indentation, adhesion, and fracture of diamond (1 1 1) surfaces Surf. Sci. 271 57-67
63. Harrison J A, Stuart S J, Robertson D H and White C T 1997 Properties of capped nanotubes when used as spm tips J. Phys. Chem. B 101 9682-5
64. Tutein A B, Stuart S J and Harrison J A 1999 Indentation analysis of linear-chain hydrocarbon monolayers anchored to diamond J. Phys. Chem. B 103 11357-65
65. Wolf D, Yamakov V, Phillpot S R, Mukherjee A and Gleiter H 2005 Deformation of nanocrystalline materials by molecular-dynamics simulation: relationship to experiments? Acta Mater. 53 1-40
66. Van Swygenhoven J R and Weertman H 2006 Deformation in nanocrystalline metals Mater. Today 9 24-31
67. Schall J D, Mikulski P T, Chateauneuf G M, Gao G T and Harrison J A 2007 Molecular dynamics simulations of tribology Superlubricity ed A Erdemir and J-M Martin (Amsterdam: Elsevier) pp 79-102
68. Szlufarska I, Kalia R K, Nakano A and Vashishta P 2007 A molecular dynamics study of nanoindentation of amorphous silicon carbide J. Appl. Phys. 102 023509
69. Gouldstone A, Chollacoop N, Dao M, Li J, Minor A M and Shen Y L 2007 Indentation across size scales and disciplines: recent developments in experimentation and modeling Acta Mater. 55 4015-39
70. Knippenberg M T, Mikulski P T, Dunlap B I and Harrison J A 2008 Atomic contributions to friction and load for tip-self assembled monolayer interactions Phys. Rev. B 78 235409
71. Harrison J A, White C T, Colton R J and Brenner D W 1992 Molecular-dynamics simulations of atomic-scale friction of diamond surfaces Phys. Rev. B 46 9700-8
72. Harrison J A, Stuart S J and Brenner D W 1999 Atomic-scale simulation of tribological and related phenomena Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology 2nd edn ed B Bhushan (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) pp 525-94
73. Robbins M O and Müser M H 2001 Computer simulations of friction, lubrication, and wear Modern Tribology Handbook vol I ed B Bhushan (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) pp 717-71
74. Gao G T, Mikulski P T and Harrison J A 2002 Molecular-scale tribology of amorphous carbon coatings: effects of film thickness, adhesion, and long-range interactions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 7202-9
75. Harrison J A, Gao G T, Harrison R J, Chateauneuf G M and Mikulski P T 2004 The friction of model self-assembled monolayers Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology vol 3 ed H S Nalwa (Los Angeles, CA: American Scientific Publishers) pp 511-27
76. Heo S J, Sinnott S B, Brenner D W and Harrison J A 2005 Computational modeling of nanometer-scale tribology Nanotribology and Nanomechanics: An Introduction ed B Bhushan (Heidelberg: Springer) pp 623-91
77. Mikulski P T and Harrison J A 2001 Packing-density effects on the friction of n-alkane monolayers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 6873-81
78. Sung I H and Kim D E 2005 Molecular dynamics simulation study of the nano-wear characteristics of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Proc. 81 109-14
79. Chandross M, Lorenz C D, Stevens M J and Grest G S 2008 Simulations of nanotribology with realistic probe tip models Langmuir 24 1240-6
80. Mo Y, Turner K T and Szlufarska I 2009 Friction laws at the nanoscale Nature 457 1116-9
81. Mikulski P T, Gao G, Chateauneuf G M and Harrison J A 2005 Contact forces at the sliding interface: mixed versus pure model alkane monolayers J. Chem. Phys. 122 024701
82. Mikulski P T, Herman L A and Harrison J A 2005 Odd and even model self-assembled monolayers: links between friction and structure Langmuir 21 12197-206
83. Harrison J A, Schall J D, Knippenberg M T, Gao G T and Mikulski P T 2008 Elucidating atomic-scale friction using md and specialized analysis techniques J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 354009
84. Stuart S J, Tutein A B and Harrison J A 2000 A reactive potential for hydrocarbons with intermolecular interactions J. Chem. Phys. 112 6472-86
85. Delcorte A, Bertrand P and Garrison B J 2001 Collision cascade and sputtering process in a polymer J. Phys. Chem. B 105 9474-86
86. Marian J, Zepeda-Ruiz L A, Gilmer G H, Bringa E M and Rognlien T 2006 Simulations of carbon sputtering in amorphous hydrogenated samples Phys. Scr. T124 65-9
87. Smiley E J, Postawa Z, Wojciechowski I A, Winograd N and Garrison B J 2006 Coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies of cluster-bombarded benzene crystals Appl. Surf. Sci. 252 6436-9
88. 4, or Ne: predictions from molecular dynamics simulations Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 205505-1-205505-4
89. Knippenberg M T, Stuart S J, Cooper A C, Pez G P and Cheng H S 2006 Physical adsorption strength in open systems J. Phys. Chem. B 110 22957-60
90. Wang Z, Devel M, Langlet R and Dulmet B 2007 Electrostatic deflections of cantilevered semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes Phys. Rev. B 75 205414
91. Grujicic M, Cao G and Roy W N 2005 Computational analysis of the lattice contribution to thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes J. Mater. Sci. 40 1943-52
92. Harrison J A and Brenner D W 1994 Simulated tribochemistry: an atomic-scale view of the wear of diamond J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116 10399-402
93. Fenter P, Eberhardt A and Eisenberger P 1994 Self-assembly of n-alkyl thiols as disulfides on Au(1 1 1) Science 266 1216
94. Berendsen H J C, Postma J P M, van Gunsteren W F, DiNola A and Haak J R 1984 Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath J. Chem. Phys. 81 3684-90
95. Perry M D and Harrison J A 1995 Universal aspects of the atomic-scale friction of diamond surfaces J. Phys. Chem. 99 9960-5
96. Chandross M, Grest G S and Stevens M J 2002 Friction between alkylsilane monolayers: molecular simulation of ordered monolayers Langmuir 18 8392-9
97. Park B, Chandross M, Stevens M J and Grest G S 2003 Chemical effects on the adhesion and friction between alkanethiol monolayers: molecular dynamics simulations Langmuir 19 9239-45
98. Dunlap B I and Zope R R 2006 Efficient quantum-chemical geometry optimization and the structure of large icosahedral fullerenes Chem. Phys. Lett. 422 451-4
99. Harrison J A, Gao G T, Schall J T, Knippenberg M T and Mikulski P T 2008 Friction between solids Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 366 1469-95
100. Chandross M, Webb E B III, Stevens M J, Grest G S and Garafalini S H 2004 Systematic study of the effect of disorder on nanotribology of self-assembled monolayers Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 166103
101. Mikulski P T and Harrison J A 2001 Periodicities in the properties associated with the friction of model self-assembled monolayers Tribol. Lett. 10 29-38
102. Mikulski P T, Chateauneuf G M, Knippenberg M T, Van Workum K and Harrison J A 2010 J. Chem. Phys. submitted
103. Tutein A B, Stuart S J and Harrison J A 2000 Role of defects in the compression and friction of anchored hydrocarbon chains on diamond Langmuir 16 291-6
104. Johnson K L 1985 Contact Mechanics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
105. Derjaguin B V, Muller V M and Toporov Y P 1975 Effect of contact deformations on adhesion of particles J. Colloid Interface Sci. 53 314
106. Johnson K L, Kendall K and Roberts A D 1971 Surface energy and contact of elastic solids Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 324 301
107. Piotrowski P L, Cannara R J, Gao G, Urban J J, Carpick R W and Harrison J A Atomistic factors governing adhesion between diamond, amorphous carbon, and model diamond nanocomposite surfaces J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. at press
108. DelRio F W, Jaye C, Fischer D A and Cook R F 2009 Elastic and adhesive properties of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 131909
109. Salmeron M, Neubauer G, Folch A, Tomitori M, Ogletree D F and Sautet P 1993 Viscoelastic and electrical-properties of self-assembled monolayers on Au(1 1 1) films Langmuir 9 3600-11
110. Henda R, Grunze M and Pertsin A J 1998 Static energy calculations of stress-strain behavior of self-assembled monolayers Tribol. Lett. 5 191-5
111. Burns A R, Houston J E, Carpick R W and Michalske T A 1999 Friction and molecular deformation in the tensile regime Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1181-4
112. Oncins G, Vericat C and Sanz F 2008 Mechanical properties of alkanethiol monolayers studied by force spectroscopy J. Chem. Phys. 128 044701
113. Engelkes V B and Frisbie C D 2006 Simultaneous nanoindentation and electron tunneling through alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers J. Phys. Chem. B 110 10011-20
114. Brewer N M, Beake B D and Leggett G J 2001 Friction force microscopy of self-assembled monolayers: influence of adsorbate alkyl chain length, terminal group chemistry, and scan velocity Langmuir 17 1970-4
115. Wong S S, Joselevich E, Woolley A T, Cheung C L and Lieber C M 1998 Covalently functionalized nanotubes as nanometre-sized probes in chemistry and biology Nature 394 52-5