메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 2-12

Addressing Cu/low-κ Dielectric TDDB-reliability challenges for advanced CMOS technologies

Author keywords

Back end of the line (BEOL) process integration; Cu interconnect reliability; Cu migration; Line spacing variation; Line edgeroughness (LER) variation; Low k reliability; Low k TDDB field acceleration; Low k time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB); Square root of E model

Indexed keywords

BACK-END-OF-THE-LINE (BEOL) PROCESS INTEGRATION; CU INTERCONNECT RELIABILITY; CU MIGRATION; LINE SPACING VARIATION; LINE-EDGEROUGHNESS (LER) VARIATION; LOW-K RELIABILITY; LOW-K TDDB FIELD ACCELERATION; LOW-K TIME-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN (TDDB); SQUARE ROOT OF E MODEL;

EID: 70349139290     PISSN: 00189383     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TED.2008.2008680     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (27)
  • 2
    • 0038310145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leakage, breakdown, and TDDB characteristics of porous low-k silica-based interconnect dielectrics
    • E. T. Ogawa, J. Kim, G. S. Haase, H. C. Mogul, and J. W. McPherson, "Leakage, breakdown, and TDDB characteristics of porous low-k silica-based interconnect dielectrics," in Proc. 41st Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2003, pp. 166-172.
    • (2003) Proc. 41st Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 166-172
    • Ogawa, E.T.1    Kim, J.2    Haase, G.S.3    Mogul, H.C.4    McPherson, J.W.5
  • 4
    • 23344432269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant factors in TDDB degradation of Cu inter-connects
    • Aug
    • J. Noguchi, "Dominant factors in TDDB degradation of Cu inter-connects," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1743-1750, Aug. 2005.
    • (2005) IEEE Trans. Electron Devices , vol.52 , Issue.8 , pp. 1743-1750
    • Noguchi, J.1
  • 5
    • 34548732601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of metal area and line spacing on TDDB characteristics of 45 nm low-k SiCOH dielectrics
    • F. Chen et al., "The effect of metal area and line spacing on TDDB characteristics of 45 nm low-k SiCOH dielectrics," in Proc. 45th Annu. IEEE IRPS, 2007, pp. 382-389.
    • (2007) Proc. 45th Annu. IEEE IRPS , pp. 382-389
    • Chen, F.1
  • 6
    • 34548804463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of CU in TDDB of low-k dielectrics
    • J. R. Lloyd et al., "Role of CU in TDDB of low-k dielectrics," in Proc. 45th Annu. IEEE IRPS, 2007, pp. 410-411.
    • (2007) Proc. 45th Annu. IEEE IRPS , pp. 410-411
    • Lloyd, J.R.1
  • 7
    • 34748830489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Line edge roughness of metal lines and time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics of low-k interconnect dielectrics
    • A. T. Kim et al., "Line edge roughness of metal lines and time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics of low-k interconnect dielectrics," in Proc. IEEE IITC, 2007, pp. 155-157.
    • (2007) Proc. IEEE IITC , pp. 155-157
    • Kim, A.T.1
  • 8
    • 36049015450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • F. Chen et al., Nondestructive electrical characterization of integrated interconnect line-to-line spacing for advanced semiconductor chips, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, no. 19, pp. 192 109-1-192 109-3, Nov. 2007.
    • F. Chen et al., "Nondestructive electrical characterization of integrated interconnect line-to-line spacing for advanced semiconductor chips," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 19, pp. 192 109-1-192 109-3, Nov. 2007.
  • 9
    • 3142563208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the nature of molecular bonding in silica from time-dependent dielectric breakdown data
    • Jun
    • J. W. McPherson, "Determination of the nature of molecular bonding in silica from time-dependent dielectric breakdown data," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 95, no. 12, pp. 8101-8109, Jun. 2004.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Phys , vol.95 , Issue.12 , pp. 8101-8109
    • McPherson, J.W.1
  • 14
    • 28744454314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approach of 90 nm low-k interconnect evaluation using a voltage ramp dielectric breakdown (VRDB) test
    • O. Aubel, M. Kiene, and W. Yao, "New approach of 90 nm low-k interconnect evaluation using a voltage ramp dielectric breakdown (VRDB) test," in Proc. 43rd Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2005, pp. 483-489.
    • (2005) Proc. 43rd Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 483-489
    • Aubel, O.1    Kiene, M.2    Yao, W.3
  • 15
    • 4944265056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in leakage current and breakdown field of Cu-comb capacitor using a silicon oxycarbide dielectric barrier
    • C.-C. Chiang, I.-H. Ko, M.-C. Chen, Z.-C. Wu, Y.-C. Lu, S.-M. Jang, and M.-S. Liang, "Improvement in leakage current and breakdown field of Cu-comb capacitor using a silicon oxycarbide dielectric barrier," J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 151, no. 9, pp. G606-G611, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc , vol.151 , Issue.9
    • Chiang, C.-C.1    Ko, I.-H.2    Chen, M.-C.3    Wu, Z.-C.4    Lu, Y.-C.5    Jang, S.-M.6    Liang, M.-S.7
  • 17
    • 51549092563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An alternative model for interconnect low-k dielectric lifetime dependence on voltage
    • G. S. Haase, "An alternative model for interconnect low-k dielectric lifetime dependence on voltage," in Proc. 46th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2008, pp. 556-565.
    • (2008) Proc. 46th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 556-565
    • Haase, G.S.1
  • 18
    • 34548783296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics of low-k dielectric (SiOC) over a wide range of test areas and electric fields
    • J. Kim, E. T. Ogawa, and J. W. McPherson, "Time dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics of low-k dielectric (SiOC) over a wide range of test areas and electric fields," in Proc. 45th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2007, pp. 399-404.
    • (2007) Proc. 45th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 399-404
    • Kim, J.1    Ogawa, E.T.2    McPherson, J.W.3
  • 19
    • 27744543911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple model for time-dependent dielectric breakdown in inter- and intralevel low-k dielectrics
    • Oct
    • J. R. Lloyd, E. Liniger, and T. M. Shaw, "Simple model for time-dependent dielectric breakdown in inter- and intralevel low-k dielectrics," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 98, no. 8, p. 084 109, Oct. 2005.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Phys , vol.98 , Issue.8 , pp. 084-109
    • Lloyd, J.R.1    Liniger, E.2    Shaw, T.M.3
  • 20
    • 34548731927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of interconnect dielectric lifetime under stress conditions and new extrapolation methodologies for time-dependent dielectric breakdown
    • G. S. Haase and J. W. McPherson, "Modeling of interconnect dielectric lifetime under stress conditions and new extrapolation methodologies for time-dependent dielectric breakdown," in Proc. 45th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2007, pp. 390-398.
    • (2007) Proc. 45th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 390-398
    • Haase, G.S.1    McPherson, J.W.2
  • 21
    • 33644957452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-damage etching process for hp45 Cu/Low-k inter-connects
    • E. Soda et al., "Low-damage etching process for hp45 Cu/Low-k inter-connects," in Proc. AMC, 2005, pp. 263-269.
    • (2005) Proc. AMC , pp. 263-269
    • Soda, E.1
  • 22
    • 34547880458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of chemical mechanical planarization induced edge corrosion of copper line for Cu/low-k SiOC interconnects
    • Y.-L. Hsu et al., "Mechanism of chemical mechanical planarization induced edge corrosion of copper line for Cu/low-k SiOC interconnects," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 530-535, 2007.
    • (2007) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 530-535
    • Hsu, Y.-L.1
  • 23
    • 34250722144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability characterization of BEOL vertical natural capacitor using copper and low-k SiCOH dielectric for 65 nm RF and mixed-signal applications
    • F. Chen et al., "Reliability characterization of BEOL vertical natural capacitor using copper and low-k SiCOH dielectric for 65 nm RF and mixed-signal applications," in Proc. 44th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2006, pp. 490-495.
    • (2006) Proc. 44th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 490-495
    • Chen, F.1
  • 24
    • 2042535363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of carbon-doped silicon oxide low- k thin films
    • Y. H.Wang and R. Kumar, "Stability of carbon-doped silicon oxide low- k thin films," J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 151, no. 4, pp. F73-F76, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Electrochem. Soc , vol.151 , Issue.4
    • Wang, Y.H.1    Kumar, R.2
  • 25
    • 34548743500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture related low-k dielectric reliability before and after thermal annealing
    • Y. Li et al., "Moisture related low-k dielectric reliability before and after thermal annealing," in Proc. 45th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp., 2007, pp. 405-409.
    • (2007) Proc. 45th Annu. Rel. Phys. Symp , pp. 405-409
    • Li, Y.1
  • 26
    • 34548287004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moisture uptake and out-gassing in patterned and capped porous low-k dielectric films
    • J. Yao, A. Iqbal, H. Juneja, and F. Shadman, "Moisture uptake and out-gassing in patterned and capped porous low-k dielectric films," J. ECA, vol. 154, no. 10, pp. G199-G206, 2007.
    • (2007) J. ECA , vol.154 , Issue.10
    • Yao, J.1    Iqbal, A.2    Juneja, H.3    Shadman, F.4
  • 27
    • 0035516970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface kinetics of copper oxidation investigated by in situ ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy
    • Nov
    • J. C. Yang et al., "Surface kinetics of copper oxidation investigated by in situ ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy," Microsc. Microanal., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 486-493, Nov. 2001.
    • (2001) Microsc. Microanal , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 486-493
    • Yang, J.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.