Glucotoxicity and pancreatic proteomics

Journal of Proteomics

Volumn 71, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 576-591

  Brunner, Yannick ^a   Schvartz, Domitille ^a   Priego Capote, Feliciano ^a   Couté, Yohann ^a   Sanchez, Jean Charles ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Diabetes; Glucotoxicity; Mass spectrometry; Proteomics

Indexed keywords

GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; INSULIN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; BRAIN; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC NEUROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; GLUCOTOXICITY; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIVER; MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PANCREAS; PANCREAS ISLET; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; PROTEOMICS; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TOXICITY;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; BRAIN; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; INSULIN; ISLETS OF LANGERHANS; LIVER; MUSCLES; PANCREAS; PROTEOME;

EID: 58249137655     PISSN: 18743919     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.10.002     Document Type: Review

References (189)

1. Meyer C., Dostou J.M., Welle S.L., and Gerich J.E. Role of human liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle in postprandial glucose homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282 (2002) E419-427
2. Dunger D.B. Insulin and insulin-like growth factors in diabetes mellitus. Arch Dis Child 72 (1995) 469-471
3. Gerich J.E., and Campbell P.J. Overview of counterregulation and its abnormalities in diabetes mellitus and other conditions. Diabetes Metab Rev 4 (1988) 93-111
4. Derewenda U., Derewenda Z., Dodson G.G., Hubbard R.E., and Korber F. Molecular structure of insulin: the insulin monomer and its assembly. Br Med Bull 45 (1989) 4-18
5. Collier G.R., Greenberg G.R., Wolever T.M., and Jenkins D.J. The acute effect of fat on insulin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66 (1988) 323-326
6. Li J., Houseknecht K.L., Stenbit A.E., Katz E.B., and Charron M.J. Reduced glucose uptake precedes insulin signaling defects in adipocytes from heterozygous GLUT4 knockout mice. FASEB J 14 (2000) 1117-1125
7. Bouskila M., Hirshman M.F., Jensen J., Goodyear L.J., and Sakamoto K. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in the absence of GSK3 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294 (2008) E28-35
8. Kahn C.R., and White M.F. The insulin receptor and the molecular mechanism of insulin action. J Clin Invest 82 (1988) 1151-1156
9. Jiang G., and Zhang B.B. Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284 (2003) E671-678
10. Mueckler M. Facilitative glucose transporters. Eur J Biochem 219 (1994) 713-725
11. Mueckler M., Caruso C., Baldwin S.A., Panico M., Blench I., Morris H.R., et al. Sequence and structure of a human glucose transporter. Science 229 (1985) 941-945
12. Gould G.W., and Holman G.D. The glucose transporter family: structure, function and tissue-specific expression. Biochem J 295 Pt 2 (1993) 329-341
13. Thorens B. GLUT2 in pancreatic and extra-pancreatic gluco-detection (review). Mol Membr Biol 18 (2001) 265-273
14. Vannucci S.J., Maher F., and Simpson I.A. Glucose transporter proteins in brain: delivery of glucose to neurons and glia. Glia 21 (1997) 2-21
15. Watson R.T., and Pessin J.E. Intracellular organization of insulin signaling and GLUT4 translocation. Recent Prog Horm Res 56 (2001) 175-193
16. Parrilla R., Jimenez I., and Ayuso-Parrilla M.S. Glucagon and insulin control of gluconeogenesis in the perfused isolated rat liver. Eur J Biochem 56 (1975) 375-383
17. Zhou X.Y., Shibusawa N., Naik K., Porras D., Temple K., Ou H., et al. Insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis through phosphorylation of CREB-binding protein. Nat Med 10 (2004) 633-637
18. Large V., Peroni O., Letexier D., Ray H., and Beylot M. Metabolism of lipids in human white adipocyte. Diabetes Metab 30 (2004) 294-309
19. Schnabel P.G., Bagchus W., Lass H., Thomsen T., and Geurts T.B. The effect of food composition on serum testosterone levels after oral administration of Andriol Testocaps. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 66 (2007) 579-585
20. Leveille G.A., and Finley J.W. Macronutrient substitutes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 819 (1997) 11-21
21. Kersten S. Mechanisms of nutritional and hormonal regulation of lipogenesis. EMBO Rep 2 (2001) 282-286
22. Burns T.W., Terry B.E., Langley P.E., and Robison G.A. Insulin inhibition of lipolysis of human adipocytes: the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Diabetes 28 (1979) 957-961
23. Haemmerle G., Lass A., Zimmermann R., Gorkiewicz G., Meyer C., Rozman J., et al. Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase. Science 312 (2006) 734-737
24. Hargreaves M. Muscle glycogen and metabolic regulation. Proc Nutr Soc 63 (2004) 217-220
25. Gerozissis K. Brain insulin, energy and glucose homeostasis; genes, environment and metabolic pathologies. Eur J Pharmacol 585 (2008) 38-49
26. Schwartz M.W., and Porte Jr. D. Diabetes, obesity, and the brain. Science 307 (2005) 375-379
27. Marty N., Dallaporta M., and Thorens B. Brain glucose sensing, counterregulation, and energy homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 22 (2007) 241-251
28. Pocai A., Lam T.K., Gutierrez-Juarez R., Obici S., Schwartz G.J., Bryan J., et al. Hypothalamic K(ATP) channels control hepatic glucose production. Nature 434 (2005) 1026-1031
29. Reusch J.E. Diabetes, microvascular complications, and cardiovascular complications: what is it about glucose?. J Clin Invest 112 (2003) 986-988
30. LeRoith D. Beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of metabolic and genetic abnormalities. Am J Med 113 Suppl 6A (2002) 3S-11S
31. Dubois M., Vacher P., Roger B., Huyghe D., Vandewalle B., Kerr-Conte J., et al. Glucotoxicity inhibits late steps of insulin exocytosis. Endocrinology 148 (2007) 1605-1614
32. Vincent A.M., Russell J.W., Low P., and Feldman E.L. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Endocr Rev 25 (2004) 612-628
33. Baynes J.W., and Thorpe S.R. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 48 (1999) 1-9
34. Shin C.S., Moon B.S., Park K.S., Kim S.Y., Park S.J., Chung M.H., et al. Serum 8-hydroxy-guanine levels are increased in diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 24 (2001) 733-737
35. Pop-Busui R., Sima A., and Stevens M. Diabetic neuropathy and oxidative stress. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 22 (2006) 257-273
36. Robertson R.P. Oxidative stress and impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 6 (2006) 615-619
37. Del Guerra S., Lupi R., Marselli L., Masini M., Bugliani M., Sbrana S., et al. Functional and molecular defects of pancreatic islets in human type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54 (2005) 727-735
38. Eriksson J.W. Metabolic stress in insulin's target cells leads to ROS accumulation - a hypothetical common pathway causing insulin resistance. FEBS Lett 581 (2007) 3734-3742
39. Lu B., Ennis D., Lai R., Bogdanovic E., Nikolov R., and Salamon L. Enhanced sensitivity of insulin-resistant adipocytes to vanadate is associated with oxidative stress and decreased reduction of vanadate (+5) to vanadyl (+4). J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 35589-35598
40. Rudich A., Tirosh A., Potashnik R., Hemi R., Kanety H., Bashan N., et al. Prolonged oxidative stress impairs insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 47 (1998) 1562-1569
41. Ling P.R., Mueller C., Smith R.J., and Bistrian B.R. Hyperglycemia induced by glucose infusion causes hepatic oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, but not STAT3 or MAP kinase activation in liver in rats. Metabolism 52 (2003) 868-874
42. Dokken B.B., Saengsirisuwan V., Kim J.S., Teachey M.K., and Henriksen E.J. Oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle: role of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294 3 (2007) E615-E621
43. Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Glucose and reactive oxygen species. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 5 (2002) 561-568
44. King G.L., and Loeken M.R. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Histochem Cell Biol 122 (2004) 333-338
45. Kowluru R.A., and Chan P.S. Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy. Exp Diabetes Res 2007 (2007) 43603
46. Du Y., Miller C.M., and Kern T.S. Hyperglycemia increases mitochondrial superoxide in retina and retinal cells. Free Radic Biol Med 35 (2003) 1491-1499
47. Ellis E.A., and Guberski D.L. Somogyi-Mann, M., Grant, M.B., Increased H2O2, vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors in the retina of the BBZ/Wor diabetic rat. Free Radic Biol Med 28 (2000) 91-101
48. Kowluru R.A. Effect of reinstitution of good glycemic control on retinal oxidative stress and nitrative stress in diabetic rats. Diabetes 52 (2003) 818-823
49. van Dam P.S. Oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy: pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment perspectives. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18 (2002) 176-184
50. Kishi Y., Schmelzer J.D., Yao J.K., Zollman P.J., Nickander K.K., Tritschler H.J., et al. Alpha-lipoic acid: effect on glucose uptake, sorbitol pathway, and energy metabolism in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 48 (1999) 2045-2051
51. Ametov A.S., Barinov A., Dyck P.J., Hermann R., Kozlova N., Litchy W.J., et al. The sensory symptoms of diabetic polyneuropathy are improved with alpha-lipoic acid: the SYDNEY trial. Diabetes Care 26 (2003) 770-776
52. Kakimoto M., Inoguchi T., Sonta T., Yu H.Y., Imamura M., Etoh T., et al. Accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and mitochondrial DNA deletion in kidney of diabetic rats. Diabetes 51 (2002) 1588-1595
53. Prabhakar S., Starnes J., Shi S., Lonis B., and Tran R. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with oxidative stress and decreased renal nitric oxide production. J Am Soc Nephrol 18 (2007) 2945-2952
54. Mori K. Tripartite management of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 101 (2000) 451-454
55. Oyadomari S., Araki E., and Mori M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells. Apoptosis 7 (2002) 335-345
56. Marchetti P., Bugliani M., Lupi R., Marselli L., Masini M., Boggi U., et al. The endoplasmic reticulum in pancreatic beta cells of type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetologia 50 (2007) 2486-2494
57. Eizirik D.L., Cardozo A.K., and Cnop M. The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev 29 (2008) 42-61
58. Araki E., Oyadomari S., and Mori M. Impact of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway on pancreatic beta-cells and diabetes mellitus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 228 (2003) 1213-1217
59. Malhotra J.D., and Kaufman R.J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a vicious cycle or a double-edged sword?. Antioxid Redox Signal 9 (2007) 2277-2293
60. Elouil H., Bensellam M., Guiot Y., Vander Mierde D., Pascal S.M., Schuit F.C., et al. Acute nutrient regulation of the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response in cultured rat pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 50 (2007) 1442-1452
61. Zinszner H., Kuroda M., Wang X., Batchvarova N., Ligthfoot R.T., Remotti H., et al. CHOP is implicated in programmed cell death in response to impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Genes Dev 12 (1998) 982-995
62. Hollander M.C., Zhan Q., Bae I., and Fornace Jr. A.J. Mammalian GADD34, an apoptosis- and DNA damage-inducible gene. J Biol Chem 272 (1997) 13731-13737
63. Ma Y., and Hendershot L.M. Delineation of a negative feedback regulatory loop that controls protein translation during endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 34864-34873
64. Oyadomari S., Koizumi A., Takeda K., Gotoh T., Akira S., and Mori M. Targeted disruption of the Chop gene delays endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated diabetes. J Clin Invest 109 (2002) 525-532
65. Ozcan U., Cao Q., Yilmaz E., Lee A.H., Iwakoshi N.N., Tuncman G., et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science 306 (2004) 457-461
66. Gregor MG, Hotamisligil GS. Adipocyte stress: the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolic disease. J Lipid Res in press.
67. Miller R.S., Diaczok D., and Cooke D.W. Repression of GLUT4 expression by the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362 (2007) 188-192
68. Yki-Jarvinen H., and Makimattila S. Insulin resistance due to hyperglycaemia: an adaptation protecting insulin-sensitive tissues. Diabetologia 40 Suppl 2 (1997) S141-144
69. Ulrich P., and Cerami A. Protein glycation, diabetes, and aging. Recent Prog Horm Res 56 (2001) 1-21
70. Brock J.W., Hinton D.J., Cotham W.E., Metz T.O., Thorpes S.R., Baynes J.W., et al. Proteomic analysis of the site specificity of glycation and carboxymethylation of ribonuclease. J Proteome Res 2 (2003) 506-513
71. Kornfeld S., and Mellman I. The biogenesis of lysosomes. Annu Rev Cell Biol 5 (1989) 483-525
72. Hipkiss A.R. Accumulation of altered proteins and ageing: causes and effects. Exp Gerontol 41 (2006) 464-473
73. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414 (2001) 813-820
74. Lapolla A., Brioschi M., Banfi C., Tremoli E., Bonfante L., Cristoni S., et al. On the search for glycated lipoprotein ApoA-I in the plasma of diabetic and nephropathic patients. J Mass Spectrom 43 (2008) 74-81
75. Calvo C., Talussot C., Ponsin G., and Berthezene F. Non enzymatic glycation of apolipoprotein A-I. Effects on its self-association and lipid binding properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 153 (1988) 1060-1067
76. Calvo C., and Verdugo C. Association in vivo of glycated apolipoprotein A-I with high density lipoproteins. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 30 (1992) 3-5
77. Calvo C., Ponsin G., and Berthezene F. Characterization of the non enzymatic glycation of high density lipoprotein in diabetic patients. Diabete Metab 14 (1988) 264-269
78. Krishnamurti U., and Steffes M.W. Glycohemoglobin: a primary predictor of the development or reversal of complications of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 47 (2001) 1157-1165
79. Baynes J.W. The role of AGEs in aging: causation or correlation. Exp Gerontol 36 (2001) 1527-1537
80. Nicolls M.R. The clinical and biological relationship between Type II diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 1 (2004) 47-54
81. Munch G., Gerlach M., Sian J., Wong A., and Riederer P. Advanced glycation end products in neurodegeneration: more than early markers of oxidative stress?. Ann Neurol 44 (1998) S85-88
82. Ling X., Sakashita N., Takeya M., Nagai R., Horiuchi S., and Takahashi K. Immunohistochemical distribution and subcellular localization of three distinct specific molecular structures of advanced glycation end products in human tissues. Lab Invest 78 (1998) 1591-1606
83. Paul R.G., and Bailey A.J. Glycation of collagen: the basis of its central role in the late complications of ageing and diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 28 (1996) 1297-1310
84. Mikulikova K., Eckhardt A., Pataridis S., and Miksik I. Study of posttranslational non-enzymatic modifications of collagen using capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1155 (2007) 125-133
85. Mereish K.A., Rosenberg H., and Cobby J. Glucosylated albumin and its influence on salicylate binding. J Pharm Sci 71 (1982) 235-238
86. Gatti G., Crema F., Attardo-Parrinello G., Fratino P., Aguzzi F., and Perucca E. Serum protein binding of phenytoin and valproic acid in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ther Drug Monit 9 (1987) 389-391
87. Okabe N., and Nakasaka T. Drug binding properties of glycosylated bovine serum albumin as measured by circular dichroism. Biol Pharm Bull 17 (1994) 1505-1507
88. Ramasamy R., Vannucci S.J., Yan S.S., Herold K., Yan S.F., and Schmidt A.M. Advanced glycation end products and RAGE: a common thread in aging, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. Glycobiology 15 (2005) 16R-28R
89. Horiuchi S., Higashi T., Ikeda K., Saishoji T., Jinnouchi Y., Sano H., et al. Advanced glycation end products and their recognition by macrophage and macrophage-derived cells. Diabetes 45 Suppl 3 (1996) S73-76
90. Dean R.T. Lysosomal enzymes as agents of turnover of soluble cytoplasmic proteins. Eur J Biochem 58 (1975) 9-14
91. Bucala R., Makita Z., Vega G., Grundy S., Koschinsky T., Cerami A., et al. Modification of low density lipoprotein by advanced glycation end products contributes to the dyslipidemia of diabetes and renal insufficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (1994) 9441-9445
92. Gugliucci A., and Menini T. Circulating advanced glycation peptides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: evidence for preferential modification of IgG light chains. Life Sci 62 (1998) 2141-2150
93. Poitout V., and Robertson R.P. Glucolipotoxicity: fuel excess and {beta}-cell dysfunction. Endocr Rev 29 3 (2008) 351-366
94. Kaneto H., Miyatsuka T., Kawamori D., Yamamoto K., Kato K., Shiraiwa T., et al. PDX-1 and MafA play a crucial role in pancreatic beta-cell differentiation and maintenance of mature beta-cell function. Endocr J 55 2 (2008) 235-252
95. Tanaka Y., Gleason C.E., Tran P.O., Harmon J.S., and Robertson R.P. Prevention of glucose toxicity in HIT-T15 cells and Zucker diabetic fatty rats by antioxidants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 (1999) 10857-10862
96. Gleason C.E., Gonzalez M., Harmon J.S., and Robertson R.P. Determinants of glucose toxicity and its reversibility in the pancreatic islet beta-cell line, HIT-T15. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279 (2000) E997-1002
97. Kim W.H., Lee J.W., Suh Y.H., Hong S.H., Choi J.S., Lim J.H., et al. Exposure to chronic high glucose induces beta-cell apoptosis through decreased interaction of glucokinase with mitochondria: downregulation of glucokinase in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 54 (2005) 2602-2611
98. Donath M.Y., Gross D.J., Cerasi E., and Kaiser N. Hyperglycemia-induced beta-cell apoptosis in pancreatic islets of Psammomys obesus during development of diabetes. Diabetes 48 (1999) 738-744
99. Maedler K., Spinas G.A., Lehmann R., Sergeev P., Weber M., Fontana A., et al. Glucose induces beta-cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas receptor in human islets. Diabetes 50 (2001) 1683-1690
100. Efanova I.B., Zaitsev S.V., Zhivotovsky B., Kohler M., Efendic S., Orrenius S., et al. Glucose and tolbutamide induce apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells. J Biol Chem 273 (1998) 33501-33507
101. Maedler K., and Donath M.Y. Beta-cells in type 2 diabetes: a loss of function and mass. Horm Res 62 Suppl 3 (2004) 67-73
102. Pearson T. Glucagon as a treatment of severe hypoglycemia: safe and efficacious but underutilized. Diabetes Educ 34 (2008) 128-134
103. Cryer P.E., Davis S.N., and Shamoon H. Hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care 26 (2003) 1902-1912
104. Olsen H.L., Theander S., Bokvist K., Buschard K., Wollheim C.B., and Gromada J. Glucose stimulates glucagon release in single rat alpha-cells by mechanisms that mirror the stimulus-secretion coupling in beta-cells. Endocrinology 146 (2005) 4861-4870
105. Salehi A., Vieira E., and Gylfe E. Paradoxical stimulation of glucagon secretion by high glucose concentrations. Diabetes 55 (2006) 2318-2323
106. Cejvan K., Coy D.H., and Efendic S. Intra-islet somatostatin regulates glucagon release via type 2 somatostatin receptors in rats. Diabetes 52 (2003) 1176-1181
107. Atiya A.W., Moldovan S., Adrian T.E., Coy D., Walsh J., and Brunicardi F.C. Intraislet somatostatin inhibits insulin (via a subtype-2 somatostatin receptor) but not islet amyloid polypeptide secretion in the isolated perfused human pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 1 (1997) 251-256 discussion 256
108. Abdel-Halim S.M., Guenifi A., Efendic S., and Ostenson C.G. Both somatostatin and insulin responses to glucose are impaired in the perfused pancreas of the spontaneously noninsulin-dependent diabetic GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rats. Acta Physiol Scand 148 (1993) 219-226
109. Axelsen M., Smith U., Eriksson J.W., Taskinen M.R., and Jansson P.A. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance in normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 131 (1999) 27-31
110. Zhao H., Yakar S., Gavrilova O., Sun H., Zhang Y., Kim H., et al. Phloridzin improves hyperglycemia but not hepatic insulin resistance in a transgenic mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 53 (2004) 2901-2909
111. Nordlie R.C., Foster J.D., and Lange A.J. Regulation of glucose production by the liver. Annu Rev Nutr 19 (1999) 379-406
112. Fujimoto Y., Torres T.P., Donahue E.P., and Shiota M. Glucose toxicity is responsible for the development of impaired regulation of endogenous glucose production and hepatic glucokinase in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetes 55 (2006) 2479-2490
113. Shao J., Qiao L., Janssen R.C., Pagliassotti M., and Friedman J.E. Chronic hyperglycemia enhances PEPCK gene expression and hepatocellular glucose production via elevated liver activating protein/liver inhibitory protein ratio. Diabetes 54 (2005) 976-984
114. Pratipanawatr T., Cusi K., Ngo P., Pratipanawatr W., Mandarino L.J., and DeFronzo R.A. Normalization of plasma glucose concentration by insulin therapy improves insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51 (2002) 462-468
115. Kawanaka K., Han D.H., Gao J., Nolte L.A., and Holloszy J.O. Development of glucose-induced insulin resistance in muscle requires protein synthesis. J Biol Chem 276 (2001) 20101-20107
116. Itani S.I., Saha A.K., Kurowski T.G., Coffin H.R., Tornheim K., and Ruderman N.B. Glucose autoregulates its uptake in skeletal muscle: involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase. Diabetes 52 (2003) 1635-1640
117. Nawano M., Oku A., Ueta K., Umebayashi I., Ishirahara T., Arakawa K., et al. Hyperglycemia contributes insulin resistance in hepatic and adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle of ZDF rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278 (2000) E535-543
118. Huang C., Somwar R., Patel N., Niu W., Török D., and Klip A. Sustained exposure of L6 myotubes to high glucose and insulin decreases insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation but upregulates GLUT4 activity. Diabetes 51 (2002) 2090-2098
119. Hoy A.J., Bruce C.R., Cederberg A., Turner N., James D.e., Cooney G.J., et al. Glucose infusion causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of rats without changes in Akt and AS160 phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293 (2007) E1358-1364
120. Rosen E.D., and Spiegelman B.M. Adipocytes as regulators of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Nature 444 (2006) 847-853
121. Mueller W.M., Gregoire F.M., Stanhope K.L., Mobbs C.V., Mizuno T.M., Warden C.H., et al. Evidence that glucose metabolism regulates leptin secretion from cultured rat adipocytes. Endocrinology 139 (1998) 551-558
122. Walker C.G., Bryson J.M., Hancock D.P., and Caterson I.D. Leptin secretion is related to glucose-derived lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 31 (2007) 723-729
123. Nelson B.A., Robinson K.A., and Buse M.G. High glucose and glucosamine induce insulin resistance via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetes 49 (2000) 981-991
124. Renstrom F., Buren J., Svensson M., and Eriksson J.W. Insulin resistance induced by high glucose and high insulin precedes insulin receptor substrate 1 protein depletion in human adipocytes. Metabolism 56 (2007) 190-198
125. Robertson R.P., Harmon J., Tran P.O., Tanaka Y., and Takahashi H. Glucose toxicity in beta-cells: type 2 diabetes, good radicals gone bad, and the glutathione connection. Diabetes 52 (2003) 581-587
126. Thompson C.S. Animal models of diabetes mellitus: relevance to vascular complications. Curr Pharm Des 14 (2008) 309-324
127. Grobbee D.E. How to ADVANCE prevention of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 52 (2003) 24-28
128. Diez J., Panizo A., Hernandez M., Vega F., Sola I., Fortuno M.A., et al. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 30 (1997) 1029-1034
129. Kamalesh M. Heart failure in diabetes and related conditions. J Card Fail 13 (2007) 861-873
130. Misciagna G., De Michele G., and Trevisan M. Non enzymatic glycated proteins in the blood and cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des 13 (2007) 3688-3695
131. Olansky L. Advances in diabetes for the millennium: chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. MedGenMed 6 (2004) 14
132. Yamagishi S., and Imaizumi T. Diabetic vascular complications: pathophysiology, biochemical basis and potential therapeutic strategy. Curr Pharm Des 11 (2005) 2279-2299
133. De La Cruz J.P., Gonzalez-Correa J.A., Guerrero A., and de la Cuesta F.S. Pharmacological approach to diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 20 (2004) 91-113
134. Frank R.N. Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 350 (2004) 48-58
135. Bhavsar A.R. Diabetic retinopathy: the latest in current management. Retina 26 (2006) S71-79
136. Parving H.H. Initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 335 (1996) 1682-1683
137. Krolewski M., Eggers P.W., and Warram J.H. Magnitude of end-stage renal disease in IDDM: a 35 year follow-up study. Kidney Int 50 (1996) 2041-2046
138. Sharma K., and Ziyadeh F.N. Hyperglycemia and diabetic kidney disease. Diabetes 44 (1995) 1139-1146
139. Molitch M.E., DeFronzo R.A., Franz M.J., Keane W.F., Mogensen C.E., Parving H.H., et al. Nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 27 Suppl 1 (2004) S79-83
140. Reddy G.R., Kotlyarevska K., Ransom R.F., and Menon R.K. The podocyte and diabetes mellitus: is the podocyte the key to the origins of diabetic nephropathy?. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 17 (2008) 32-36
141. Susztak K., Raff A.C., Schiffer M., and Bottinger E.P. Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 55 (2006) 225-233
142. Kang B.P., Frencher S., Reddy V., Kessler A., Malhotra A., and Meggs L.G. High glucose promotes mesangial cell apoptosis by oxidant-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284 (2003) F455-466
143. Gruden G., Perin P.C., and Camussi G. Insight on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy from the study of podocyte and mesangial cell biology. Curr Diabetes Rev 1 (2005) 27-40
144. Yamagishi S., Fukami K., Ueda S., and Okuda S. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic nephropathy and its therapeutic intervention. Curr Drug Targets 8 (2007) 952-959
145. Bagby S.P. Diabetic nephropathy and proximal tubule ROS: challenging our glomerulocentricity. Kidney Int 71 (2007) 1199-1202
146. Aaberg M.L., Burch D.M., Hud Z.R., and Zacharias M.P. Gender differences in the onset of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 22 (2008) 83-87
147. Argoff C.E., Cole B.E., Fishbain D.A., and Irving G.A. Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: clinical and quality-of-life issues. Mayo Clin Proc 81 (2006) S3-11
148. Vinik A.I., and Mehrabyan A. Diabetic neuropathies. Med Clin North Am 88 (2004) 947-999 xi
149. Thomas P.K. Diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms and future treatment options. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67 (1999) 277-279
150. Dyck P.J., and Giannini C. Pathologic alterations in the diabetic neuropathies of humans: a review. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55 (1996) 1181-1193
151. Hirsch I.B. Glycemic control and complications of diabetes mellitus. West J Med 162 (1995) 430-438
152. Dobretsov M., Romanovsky D., and Stimers J.R. Early diabetic neuropathy: triggers and mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 13 (2007) 175-191
153. Yagihashi S., Yamagishi S.I., Wada Ri R., Baba M., Hohman T.C., Yabe-Nishimura C., et al. Neuropathy in diabetic mice overexpressing human aldose reductase and effects of aldose reductase inhibitor. Brain 124 (2001) 2448-2458
154. Wada R., and Yagihashi S. Role of advanced glycation end products and their receptors in development of diabetic neuropathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1043 (2005) 598-604
155. Feldman E.L. Oxidative stress and diabetic neuropathy: a new understanding of an old problem. J Clin Invest 111 (2003) 431-433
156. Webb G.C., Akbar M.S., Zhao C., and Steiner D.F. Expression profiling of pancreatic beta cells: glucose regulation of secretory and metabolic pathway genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 (2000) 5773-5778
157. Meugnier E., Faraj M., Rome S., Beauregard G., Michaut A., Pelloux V., et al. Acute hyperglycemia induces a global downregulation of gene expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of healthy subjects. Diabetes 56 (2007) 992-999
158. Jorns A., Tiedge M., Ziv E., Shafrir E., and Lenzen S. Gradual loss of pancreatic beta-cell insulin, glucokinase and GLUT2 glucose transporter immunoreactivities during the time course of nutritionally induced type-2 diabetes in Psammomys obesus (sand rat). Virchows Arch 440 (2002) 63-69
159. Kooptiwut S., Kebede M., Zraika S., Visinoni S., Aston-Moourney K., Favaloro J., et al. High glucose-induced impairment in insulin secretion is associated with reduction in islet glucokinase in a mouse model of susceptibility to islet dysfunction. J Mol Endocrinol 35 (2005) 39-48
160. Moran A., Zhang H.J., Olson L.K., Harmon J.S., Poitout V., and Robertson R.P. Differentiation of glucose toxicity from beta cell exhaustion during the evolution of defective insulin gene expression in the pancreatic islet cell line, HIT-T15. J Clin Invest 99 (1997) 534-539
161. Olson L.K., Qian J., and Poitout V. Glucose rapidly and reversibly decreases INS-1 cell insulin gene transcription via decrements in STF-1 and C1 activator transcription factor activity. Mol Endocrinol 12 (1998) 207-219
162. Poitout V., Olson L.K., and Robertson R.P. Chronic exposure of betaTC-6 cells to supraphysiologic concentrations of glucose decreases binding of the RIPE3b1 insulin gene transcription activator. J Clin Invest 97 (1996) 1041-1046
163. Federici M., Hribal M., Perego L., Ranalli M., Caradonna Z., Perego C., et al. High glucose causes apoptosis in cultured human pancreatic islets of Langerhans: a potential role for regulation of specific Bcl family genes toward an apoptotic cell death program. Diabetes 50 (2001) 1290-1301
164. Monteoliva L., and Albar J.P. Differential proteomics: an overview of gel and non-gel based approaches. Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic 3 (2004) 220-239
165. Qiu L., List E.O., and Kopchick J.J. Differentially expressed proteins in the pancreas of diet-induced diabetic mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 4 (2005) 1311-1318
166. Guest P.C., Bailyes E.M., Rutherford N.G., and Hutton J.C. Insulin secretory granule biogenesis. Biochem J 274 Pt 1 (1991) 73-78
167. Sanchez J.C., Chiappe D., Converset V., Hoogland C., Binz P.A., Paesano S., et al. The mouse SWISS-2D PAGE database: a tool for proteomics study of diabetes and obesity. Proteomics 1 (2001) 136-163
168. Sanchez J.C., Converset V., Nolan A., Schmid G., Wang S., Heller M., et al. Effect of rosiglitazone on the differential expression of diabetes-associated proteins in pancreatic islets of C57Bl/6 lep/lep mice. Mol Cell Proteomics 1 (2002) 509-516
169. Ahmed M., Forsberg J., and Bergsten P. Protein profiling of human pancreatic islets by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 4 (2005) 931-940
170. Metz T.O., Jacobs J.M., Gritsenko M.A., Fontes G., Qian W.J., Camp II D.G., et al. Characterization of the human pancreatic islet proteome by two-dimensional LC/MS/MS. J Proteome Res 5 (2006) 3345-3354
171. Ahmed M., and Bergsten P. Glucose-induced changes of multiple mouse islet proteins analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Diabetologia 48 (2005) 477-485
172. Xie X., Li S., Liu S., Lu Y., Shen P., and Ji J. Proteomic analysis of mouse islets after multiple low-dose streptozotocin injection. Biochim Biophys Acta 1784 (2008) 276-284
173. Orstäter H., Sundsten T., Lin J.M., and Bergsten P. Evaluation of the SELDI-TOF MS technique for protein profiling of pancreatic islets exposed to glucose and oleate. Proteomics 7 (2007) 3105-3115
174. Nyblom H.K., Thorn K., Ahmed M., and Bergsten P. Mitochondrial protein patterns correlating with impaired insulin secretion from INS-1E cells exposed to elevated glucose concentrations. Proteomics 6 (2006) 5193-5198
175. Fernandez C., Fransson U., Hallgard E., Spegel P., Holm C., Krogh M., et al. Metabolomic and proteomic analysis of a clonal insulin-producing beta-cell line (INS-1 832/13). J Proteome Res 7 (2008) 400-411
176. Dowling P., O'Driscoll L., O'Sullivan F., Dowd A., Henry M., Jeppesen P.B., et al. Proteomic screening of glucose-responsive and glucose non-responsive MIN-6 beta cells reveals differential expression of proteins involved in protein folding, secretion and oxidative stress. Proteomics 6 (2006) 6578-6587
177. Weir G.C., Laybutt D.R., Kaneto H., Bonner-Weir S., and Sharma A. Beta-cell adaptation and decompensation during the progression of diabetes. Diabetes 50 Suppl 1 (2001) S154-159
178. Kasiske B.L., O'Donnell M.P., Cleary M.P., and Keane W.F. Treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in obese Zucker rats. Kidney Int 33 (1988) 667-672
179. Sivitz W.I. Lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in type 2 diabetes. Effects on development and progression. Postgrad Med 109 55-59 (2001) 54-63
180. Winzell M.S., Svensson H., Enerback S., Ravnskjaer K., Mandrup S., Esser V., et al. Pancreatic beta-cell lipotoxicity induced by overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase. Diabetes 52 (2003) 2057-2065
181. Arner P. Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18 Suppl 2 (2002) S5-9
182. Poitout V., and Robertson R.P. Glucolipotoxicity: fuel excess and {beta}-cell dysfunction. Endocr Rev 29 3 (2008) 351-366
183. Cheviet S., Coppola T., Haynes L.P., Burgoyne R.D., and Regazzi R. The Rab-binding protein Noc2 is associated with insulin-containing secretory granules and is essential for pancreatic beta-cell exocytosis. Mol Endocrinol 18 (2004) 117-126
184. Coppola T., Frantz C., Perret-Menoud V., Gattesco S., Hirling H., and Regazzi R. Pancreatic beta-cell protein granuphilin binds Rab3 and Munc-18 and controls exocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 13 (2002) 1906-1915
185. Cheviet S., Bezzi P., Ivarsson R., Renstrom E., Viertl D., Kasas S., et al. Tomosyn-1 is involved in a post-docking event required for pancreatic beta-cell exocytosis. J Cell Sci 119 (2006) 2912-2920
186. Santoni V., Molloy M., and Rabilloud T. Membrane proteins and proteomics: un amour impossible?. Electrophoresis 21 (2000) 1054-1070
187. Ong S.E., Blagoev B., Kratchmarova I., Kristensen D.B., Steen H., Pandey A., et al. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC, as a simple and accurate approach to expression proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 1 (2002) 376-386
188. Brunner Y., Coute Y., Iezzi M., Foti M., Fukuda M., Hochstrasser D.F., et al. Proteomics analysis of insulin secretory granules. Mol Cell Proteomics 6 (2007) 1007-1017
189. Huber L.A., Pfaller K., and Vietor I. Organelle proteomics: implications for subcellular fractionation in proteomics. Circ Res 92 (2003) 962-968