메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 284, Issue 4 47-4, 2003, Pages

Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism

Author keywords

Diabetes; Glucagon; Glucose homeostasis; Metabolism

Indexed keywords

GLUCAGON; GLUCAGON ANTIBODY; GLUCAGON DERIVATIVE; GLUCAGON RECEPTOR; GLUCAGON[1 DEHISTIDINE 6 PHENYLALANINE 9 GLUTAMIC ACID] AMIDE; GLUCAGON[1 DEHISTIDINE 9 GLUTAMIC ACID] AMIDE; GLUCAGON[1 NATRINITROPHENYLHISTIDINE 12 HOMOARGININE]; GLUCOSE; GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATASE; INOSITOL 1,4,5 TRISPHOSPHATE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PEPTIDE HORMONE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PHOSPHORYLASE KINASE; SKYRIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0037376913     PISSN: 01931849     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (663)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0035205250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with reduced insulin-induced suppression of glucagon concentrations
    • Ahren B and Larsson H. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with reduced insulin-induced suppression of glucagon concentrations. Diabetologia 44: 1998-2003, 2001.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 1998-2003
    • Ahren, B.1    Larsson, H.2
  • 2
    • 0021918198 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation of rat liver glycogen synthase in isolated hepatocytes
    • Akatsuka A, Singh TJ, Nakabayashi H, Lin MC, and Huang KP. Glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation of rat liver glycogen synthase in isolated hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 260: 3239-3242, 1985.
    • (1985) J Biol Chem , vol.260 , pp. 3239-3242
    • Akatsuka, A.1    Singh, T.J.2    Nakabayashi, H.3    Lin, M.C.4    Huang, K.P.5
  • 3
    • 0019077587 scopus 로고
    • Activation by glucagon of glucose 6-phosphatase activity in the liver of the foetal guinea pig
    • Band G and Jones CT. Activation by glucagon of glucose 6-phosphatase activity in the liver of the foetal guinea pig. Biochem Soc Trans 8: 586-587, 1980.
    • (1980) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.8 , pp. 586-587
    • Band, G.1    Jones, C.T.2
  • 4
    • 0019205614 scopus 로고
    • Functional activation by glucagon of glucose 6-phosphatase and gluconeogenesis in the perfused liver of the fetal guinea pig
    • Band GC and Jones CT. Functional activation by glucagon of glucose 6-phosphatase and gluconeogenesis in the perfused liver of the fetal guinea pig. FEBS Lett 119: 190-194, 1980.
    • (1980) FEBS Lett , vol.119 , pp. 190-194
    • Band, G.C.1    Jones, C.T.2
  • 5
    • 0029935830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a change in the pattern of insulin delivery on carbohydrate tolerance in diabetic and nondiabetic humans in the presence of differing degrees of insulin resistance
    • Basu A, Alzaid A, Dinneen S, Caumo A, Cobelli C, and Rizza RA. Effects of a change in the pattern of insulin delivery on carbohydrate tolerance in diabetic and nondiabetic humans in the presence of differing degrees of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 97: 2351-2361, 1996.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 2351-2361
    • Basu, A.1    Alzaid, A.2    Dinneen, S.3    Caumo, A.4    Cobelli, C.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 6
    • 0021341428 scopus 로고
    • Insulin and glucagon regulate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) mRNA in rat liver
    • Beale E, Andreone T, Koch S, Granner M, and Granner D. Insulin and glucagon regulate cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) mRNA in rat liver. Diabetes 33: 328-332, 1984.
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 328-332
    • Beale, E.1    Andreone, T.2    Koch, S.3    Granner, M.4    Granner, D.5
  • 7
    • 0025331424 scopus 로고
    • Relative contribution of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to basal, glucagon- and nerve stimulation-dependent glucose output in the perfused liver from fed and fasted rats
    • Beuers U and Jungermann K. Relative contribution of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to basal, glucagon- and nerve stimulation-dependent glucose output in the perfused liver from fed and fasted rats. Biochem Int 21: 405-415, 1990.
    • (1990) Biochem Int , vol.21 , pp. 405-415
    • Beuers, U.1    Jungermann, K.2
  • 8
    • 0015500765 scopus 로고
    • The glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase system in plasma membranes of rat liver. VII. Hormonal stimulation: Reversibility and dependence on concentration of free hormone
    • Birnbaumer L, Pohl SL, Rodbell M, and Sundby F. The glucagon-sensitive adenylate cyclase system in plasma membranes of rat liver. VII. Hormonal stimulation: reversibility and dependence on concentration of free hormone. J Biol Chem 247: 2038-2043, 1972.
    • (1972) J Biol Chem , vol.247 , pp. 2038-2043
    • Birnbaumer, L.1    Pohl, S.L.2    Rodbell, M.3    Sundby, F.4
  • 10
    • 0029760864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a major role for glucagon in regulation of plasma glucose in conscious, nondiabetic, and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
    • Brand CL, Jorgensen PN, Svendsen I, and Holst JJ. Evidence for a major role for glucagon in regulation of plasma glucose in conscious, nondiabetic, and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Diabetes 45: 1076-1083, 1996.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 1076-1083
    • Brand, C.L.1    Jorgensen, P.N.2    Svendsen, I.3    Holst, J.J.4
  • 11
    • 0028112003 scopus 로고
    • Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon with monoclonal glucagon antibody normalizes hyperglycaemia in moderately streptozotocin-diabetic rats
    • Brand CL, Rolin B, Jorgensen PN, Svendsen I, Kristensen JS, and Holst JJ. Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon with monoclonal glucagon antibody normalizes hyperglycaemia in moderately streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetologia 37: 985-993, 1994.
    • (1994) Diabetologia , vol.37 , pp. 985-993
    • Brand, C.L.1    Rolin, B.2    Jorgensen, P.N.3    Svendsen, I.4    Kristensen, J.S.5    Holst, J.J.6
  • 12
    • 0029840285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular aspects of the glucagon receptor: Role in diabetes and metabolism
    • Burcelin R, Katz EB, and Charron MJ. Molecular and cellular aspects of the glucagon receptor: role in diabetes and metabolism. Diabetes Metab 22: 373-396, 1996.
    • (1996) Diabetes Metab , vol.22 , pp. 373-396
    • Burcelin, R.1    Katz, E.B.2    Charron, M.J.3
  • 13
    • 0025966024 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to postprandial hyperglycemia and effect on initial splanchnic glucose clearance of hepatic glucose cycling in glucose intolerant or NIDDM patients
    • Butler PC and Rizza HA. Contribution to postprandial hyperglycemia and effect on initial splanchnic glucose clearance of hepatic glucose cycling in glucose intolerant or NIDDM patients. Diabetes 40: 73-81, 1991.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 73-81
    • Butler, P.C.1    Rizza, H.A.2
  • 14
    • 0028780324 scopus 로고
    • Intranasal glucagon in the treatment of hypoglycemia. A therapeutic possibility in the future
    • Carstens S and Andersen I. Intranasal glucagon in the treatment of hypoglycemia. A therapeutic possibility in the future. Ugeskr Laeger 156: 4339-4342, 1994.
    • (1994) Ugeskr Laeger , vol.156 , pp. 4339-4342
    • Carstens, S.1    Andersen, I.2
  • 16
    • 0018786899 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of phosphofructokinase by glucagon in rat hepatocytes
    • Castano JG, Nieto A, and Feliu JE. Inactivation of phosphofructokinase by glucagon in rat hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 254: 5576-5579, 1979.
    • (1979) J Biol Chem , vol.254 , pp. 5576-5579
    • Castano, J.G.1    Nieto, A.2    Feliu, J.E.3
  • 18
    • 0035023581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucagonoma syndrome: A review of its features and discussion of new perspectives
    • Chastain MA. The glucagonoma syndrome: a review of its features and discussion of new perspectives. Am J Med Sci 321: 306-320, 2001.
    • (2001) Am J Med Sci , vol.321 , pp. 306-320
    • Chastain, M.A.1
  • 19
    • 0024210013 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in cultured rat hepatocytes by glucagon and insulin
    • Christ B, Nath A, Bastian H, and Jungermann K. Regulation of the expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in cultured rat hepatocytes by glucagon and insulin. Eur J Biochem 178: 373-379, 1988.
    • (1988) Eur J Biochem , vol.178 , pp. 373-379
    • Christ, B.1    Nath, A.2    Bastian, H.3    Jungermann, K.4
  • 20
    • 0030469432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon and its receptor in various tissues
    • Christophe J. Glucagon and its receptor in various tissues. Ann NY Acad Sci 805: 31-43, 1996.
    • (1996) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.805 , pp. 31-43
    • Christophe, J.1
  • 21
    • 0029054042 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon receptors: From genetic structure and expression to effector coupling and biological responses
    • Christophe J. Glucagon receptors: from genetic structure and expression to effector coupling and biological responses. Biochim Biophys Acta 1241: 45-57, 1995.
    • (1995) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1241 , pp. 45-57
    • Christophe, J.1
  • 22
    • 0021179106 scopus 로고
    • Control of glycogen synthase phosphorylation in isolated rat hepatocytes by epinephrine, vasopressin and glucagon
    • Ciudad C, Camici M, Ahmad Z, Wang Y, DePaoli-Roach AA, and Roach PJ. Control of glycogen synthase phosphorylation in isolated rat hepatocytes by epinephrine, vasopressin and glucagon. Eur J Biochem 142: 511-520, 1984.
    • (1984) Eur J Biochem , vol.142 , pp. 511-520
    • Ciudad, C.1    Camici, M.2    Ahmad, Z.3    Wang, Y.4    DePaoli-Roach, A.A.5    Roach, P.J.6
  • 23
    • 0026591523 scopus 로고
    • Role of liver in pathophysiology of NIDDM
    • Consoli A. Role of liver in pathophysiology of NIDDM. Diabetes Care 15: 430-441, 1992.
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.15 , pp. 430-441
    • Consoli, A.1
  • 26
    • 0028883204 scopus 로고
    • Failure of glucagon suppression contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in IDDM
    • Dinneen S, Alzaid A, Turk D, and Rizza R. Failure of glucagon suppression contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in IDDM. Diabetologia 38: 337-343, 1995.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 337-343
    • Dinneen, S.1    Alzaid, A.2    Turk, D.3    Rizza, R.4
  • 27
    • 0031882591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of glucagon activation and deactivation of hepatic glucose production in conscious dogs
    • Dobbins RL, Davis SN, Neal D, Caumo A, Cobelli C, and Cherrington AD. Rates of glucagon activation and deactivation of hepatic glucose production in conscious dogs. Metabolism 47: 135-142, 1998.
    • (1998) Metabolism , vol.47 , pp. 135-142
    • Dobbins, R.L.1    Davis, S.N.2    Neal, D.3    Caumo, A.4    Cobelli, C.5    Cherrington, A.D.6
  • 28
    • 0034920362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon attenuates the action of insulin on glucose output in the liver of the Goto-Kakizaki rat perfused in situ
    • Doi Y, Iwai M, Matsuura B, and Onji M. Glucagon attenuates the action of insulin on glucose output in the liver of the Goto-Kakizaki rat perfused in situ. Pflügers Arch 442: 537-541, 2001.
    • (2001) Pflügers Arch , vol.442 , pp. 537-541
    • Doi, Y.1    Iwai, M.2    Matsuura, B.3    Onji, M.4
  • 29
    • 0023884625 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intranasal glucagon on blood glucose levels in healthy subjects and hypoglycaemic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Freychet L, Rizkalla SW, Desplanque N, Basdevant A, Zirinis P, Tchobroutsky G, and Slama G. Effect of intranasal glucagon on blood glucose levels in healthy subjects and hypoglycaemic patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1: 1364-1366, 1988.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1364-1366
    • Freychet, L.1    Rizkalla, S.W.2    Desplanque, N.3    Basdevant, A.4    Zirinis, P.5    Tchobroutsky, G.6    Slama, G.7
  • 31
    • 0035920170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe defect in proglucagon processing in islet A-cells of prohormone convertase 2 null mice
    • Furuta M, Zhou A, Webb G, Carroll R, Ravazzola M, Orci L, and Steiner DF. Severe defect in proglucagon processing in islet A-cells of prohormone convertase2 null mice. J Biol Chem 276: 27197-27202, 2001.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 27197-27202
    • Furuta, M.1    Zhou, A.2    Webb, G.3    Carroll, R.4    Ravazzola, M.5    Orci, L.6    Steiner, D.F.7
  • 32
    • 0029948151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gly 40Ser mutation in the human glucagon receptor gene associated with NIDDM results in a receptor with reduced sensitivity to glucagon
    • Hansen LH, Abrahamsen N, Hager J, Jelinek L, Kindsvogel W, Froguel P, and Nishimura E. The Gly40Ser mutation in the human glucagon receptor gene associated with NIDDM results in a receptor with reduced sensitivity to glucagon. Diabetes 45: 725-730, 1996.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 725-730
    • Hansen, L.H.1    Abrahamsen, N.2    Hager, J.3    Jelinek, L.4    Kindsvogel, W.5    Froguel, P.6    Nishimura, E.7
  • 33
    • 0030998776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression
    • Hanson RW and Reshef L. Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene expression. Annu Rev Biochem 66: 581-611, 1997.
    • (1997) Annu Rev Biochem , vol.66 , pp. 581-611
    • Hanson, R.W.1    Reshef, L.2
  • 34
    • 0034820852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mini-dose glucagon rescue for hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes
    • Haymond MW and Schreiner B. Mini-dose glucagon rescue for hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 24: 643-645, 2001.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 643-645
    • Haymond, M.W.1    Schreiner, B.2
  • 36
    • 0034221649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon as a potential therapy for ketosis and fatty liver
    • Hippen AR. Glucagon as a potential therapy for ketosis and fatty liver. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 16: 267-282, 2000.
    • (2000) Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract , vol.16 , pp. 267-282
    • Hippen, A.R.1
  • 38
    • 0019958804 scopus 로고
    • Structure-conformation-activity studies of glucagon and semi-synthetic glucagon analogs
    • Hruby VJ. Structure-conformation-activity studies of glucagon and semi-synthetic glucagon analogs. Mol Cell Biochem 44: 49-64, 1982.
    • (1982) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.44 , pp. 49-64
    • Hruby, V.J.1
  • 39
    • 0027417418 scopus 로고
    • New glucagon analogues with conformational restrictions and altered amphiphilicity: Effects on binding, adenylate cyclase and glycogenolytic activities
    • Hruby VJ, Gysin B, Trivedi D, and Johnson DG. New glucagon analogues with conformational restrictions and altered amphiphilicity: effects on binding, adenylate cyclase and glycogenolytic activities. Life Sci 52: 845-855, 1993.
    • (1993) Life Sci , vol.52 , pp. 845-855
    • Hruby, V.J.1    Gysin, B.2    Trivedi, D.3    Johnson, D.G.4
  • 40
    • 0032961670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for the Gly 40Ser mutation in the glucagon receptor gene among patients with type 2 diabetes or essential hypertension in Taiwan
    • Huang CN, Lee KC, Wu HP, Tai TY, Lin BJ, and Chuang LM. Screening for the Gly40Ser mutation in the glucagon receptor gene among patients with type 2 diabetes or essential hypertension in Taiwan. Pancreas 18: 151-155, 1999.
    • (1999) Pancreas , vol.18 , pp. 151-155
    • Huang, C.N.1    Lee, K.C.2    Wu, H.P.3    Tai, T.Y.4    Lin, B.J.5    Chuang, L.M.6
  • 41
    • 0027976876 scopus 로고
    • Glucose recovery after intranasal glucagon during hypoglycaemia in man
    • Hvidberg A, Djurup R, and Hilsted J. Glucose recovery after intranasal glucagon during hypoglycaemia in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 46: 15-17, 1994.
    • (1994) Eur J Clin Pharmacol , vol.46 , pp. 15-17
    • Hvidberg, A.1    Djurup, R.2    Hilsted, J.3
  • 43
    • 0021954753 scopus 로고
    • Pretranslational regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis by glucagon and dexamethasone in adult rat hepatocytes
    • Iynedjian PB, Auberger P, Guigoz Y, and Le Cam A. Pretranslational regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) synthesis by glucagon and dexamethasone in adult rat hepatocytes. Biochem J 225: 77-84, 1985.
    • (1985) Biochem J , vol.225 , pp. 77-84
    • Iynedjian, P.B.1    Auberger, P.2    Guigoz, Y.3    Le Cam, A.4
  • 45
    • 0020471569 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia of diabetic rats decreased by a glucagon receptor antagonist
    • Johnson DG, Goebel CU, Hruby VJ, Bregman MD, and Trivedi D. Hyperglycemia of diabetic rats decreased by a glucagon receptor antagonist. Science 215: 1115-1116, 1982.
    • (1982) Science , vol.215 , pp. 1115-1116
    • Johnson, D.G.1    Goebel, C.U.2    Hruby, V.J.3    Bregman, M.D.4    Trivedi, D.5
  • 48
    • 0022641752 scopus 로고
    • Superior efficacy of pulsatile versus continuous hormone exposure on hepatic glucose production in vitro
    • Komjati M, Bratusch-Marrain P, and Waldhausl W. Superior efficacy of pulsatile versus continuous hormone exposure on hepatic glucose production in vitro. Endocrinology 118: 312-319, 1986.
    • (1986) Endocrinology , vol.118 , pp. 312-319
    • Komjati, M.1    Bratusch-Marrain, P.2    Waldhausl, W.3
  • 49
    • 0019376924 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase: A prototype for reversible covalent enzyme modification
    • Krebs EG. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase: a prototype for reversible covalent enzyme modification. Curr Top Cell Regul 18: 401-419, 1981.
    • (1981) Curr Top Cell Regul , vol.18 , pp. 401-419
    • Krebs, E.G.1
  • 50
    • 0029003144 scopus 로고
    • Covalent control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: Insights into auto-regulation of a bifunctional enzyme
    • Kurland IJ and Pilkis SJ. Covalent control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase: insights into auto-regulation of a bifunctional enzyme. Protein Sci 4: 1023-1037, 1995.
    • (1995) Protein Sci , vol.4 , pp. 1023-1037
    • Kurland, I.J.1    Pilkis, S.J.2
  • 52
    • 0033995503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance is predicted by low insulin secretion and high glucagon secretion: Outcome of a prospective study in postmenopausal Caucasian women
    • Larsson H and Ahren B. Glucose intolerance is predicted by low insulin secretion and high glucagon secretion: outcome of a prospective study in postmenopausal Caucasian women. Diabetologia 43: 194-202, 2000.
    • (2000) Diabetologia , vol.43 , pp. 194-202
    • Larsson, H.1    Ahren, B.2
  • 53
    • 0034078505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islet dysfunction in insulin resistance involves impaired insulin secretion and increased glucagon secretion in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Larsson H and Ahren B. Islet dysfunction in insulin resistance involves impaired insulin secretion and increased glucagon secretion in postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 23: 650-657, 2000.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 650-657
    • Larsson, H.1    Ahren, B.2
  • 56
    • 0020567342 scopus 로고
    • Minimal increases in glucagon levels enhance glucose production in man with partial hypoinsulinemia
    • Lins PE, Wajngot A, Adamson U, Vranic M, and Efendic S. Minimal increases in glucagon levels enhance glucose production in man with partial hypoinsulinemia. Diabetes 32: 633-636, 1983.
    • (1983) Diabetes , vol.32 , pp. 633-636
    • Lins, P.E.1    Wajngot, A.2    Adamson, U.3    Vranic, M.4    Efendic, S.5
  • 57
    • 0032758393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in non-peptide glucagon receptor antagonists
    • Madsen P, Brand CL, Holst JJ, and Knudsen B. Advances in non-peptide glucagon receptor antagonists. Curr Pharm Des 5: 683-691, 1999.
    • (1999) Curr Pharm Des , vol.5 , pp. 683-691
    • Madsen, P.1    Brand, C.L.2    Holst, J.J.3    Knudsen, B.4
  • 58
    • 0032542247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and structure activity relationship of the first non-peptide competitive human glucagon receptor antagonists
    • Madsen P, Knudsen LB, Wiberg FC, and Carr RD. Discovery and structure activity relationship of the first non-peptide competitive human glucagon receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 41: 5150-5157, 1998.
    • (1998) J Med Chem , vol.41 , pp. 5150-5157
    • Madsen, P.1    Knudsen, L.B.2    Wiberg, F.C.3    Carr, R.D.4
  • 59
    • 0023028531 scopus 로고
    • Synergistic inhibition of glucagon-induced effects on hepatic glucose metabolism in the presence of insulin and a cAMP antagonist
    • Marks JS and Botelho LH. Synergistic inhibition of glucagon-induced effects on hepatic glucose metabolism in the presence of insulin and a cAMP antagonist. J Biol Chem 261: 15895-15899, 1986.
    • (1986) J Biol Chem , vol.261 , pp. 15895-15899
    • Marks, J.S.1    Botelho, L.H.2
  • 60
    • 0025066579 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of abnormal muscle and liver glucose metabolism to postprandial hyperglycemia in NIDDM
    • Mitrakou A, Kelley D, Veneman T, Jenssen T, Pangburn T, Reilly J, and Gerich J. Contribution of abnormal muscle and liver glucose metabolism to postprandial hyperglycemia in NIDDM. Diabetes 39: 1381-1390, 1990.
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , pp. 1381-1390
    • Mitrakou, A.1    Kelley, D.2    Veneman, T.3    Jenssen, T.4    Pangburn, T.5    Reilly, J.6    Gerich, J.7
  • 61
    • 0030716779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the facilitation of PC2 maturation by 7B2: Involvement in proPC2 transport and activation but not folding
    • Muller L, Zhu X, and Lindberg I. Mechanism of the facilitation of PC2 maturation by 7B2: involvement in proPC2 transport and activation but not folding. J Cell Biol 139: 625-638, 1997.
    • (1997) J Cell Biol , vol.139 , pp. 625-638
    • Muller, L.1    Zhu, X.2    Lindberg, I.3
  • 63
    • 0032735328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and control of carbohydrate metabolism in eukaryotes
    • Okar DA and Lange AJ. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and control of carbohydrate metabolism in eukaryotes. Biofactors 10: 1-14, 1999.
    • (1999) Biofactors , vol.10 , pp. 1-14
    • Okar, D.A.1    Lange, A.J.2
  • 64
    • 0024271485 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and control of pulsatile secretion of insulin and glucagon
    • Opara EC, Atwater I, and Go VL. Characterization and control of pulsatile secretion of insulin and glucagon. Pancreas 3: 484-487, 1988.
    • (1988) Pancreas , vol.3 , pp. 484-487
    • Opara, E.C.1    Atwater, I.2    Go, V.L.3
  • 68
    • 0035195977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955) on glucagon-stimulated glucose production in humans
    • Petersen KF and Sullivan JT. Effects of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist (Bay 27-9955) on glucagon-stimulated glucose production in humans. Diabetologia 44: 2018-2024, 2001.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 2018-2024
    • Petersen, K.F.1    Sullivan, J.T.2
  • 69
    • 0025914685 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic gluconeogenesis/glycolysis: Regulation and structure/function relationships of substrate cycle enzymes
    • Pilkis SJ and Claus TH. Hepatic gluconeogenesis/glycolysis: regulation and structure/function relationships of substrate cycle enzymes. Annu Rev Nutr 11: 465-515, 1991.
    • (1991) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.11 , pp. 465-515
    • Pilkis, S.J.1    Claus, T.H.2
  • 70
    • 0020328983 scopus 로고
    • Regulation by glucagon of hepatic pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
    • Pilkis SJ, El-Maghrabi MR, McGrane M, Pilkis J, and Claus TH. Regulation by glucagon of hepatic pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Fed Proc 41: 2623-2628, 1982.
    • (1982) Fed Proc , vol.41 , pp. 2623-2628
    • Pilkis, S.J.1    El-Maghrabi, M.R.2    McGrane, M.3    Pilkis, J.4    Claus, T.H.5
  • 71
    • 0021039334 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in perfused rat heart. Effects of insulin, catecholamines, and glucagon
    • Ramachandran C, Angelos KL, and Walsh DA. Hormonal regulation of the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in perfused rat heart. Effects of insulin, catecholamines, and glucagon. J Biol Chem 258: 13377-13383, 1983.
    • (1983) J Biol Chem , vol.258 , pp. 13377-13383
    • Ramachandran, C.1    Angelos, K.L.2    Walsh, D.A.3
  • 72
    • 0025202408 scopus 로고
    • Control of glycogen synthase by hierarchal protein phosphorylation
    • Roach PJ. Control of glycogen synthase by hierarchal protein phosphorylation. FASEB J 4: 2961-2968, 1990.
    • (1990) FASEB J , vol.4 , pp. 2961-2968
    • Roach, P.J.1
  • 73
    • 0030749463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the prohormone convertase PC2 in the processing of proglucagon to glucagon
    • Rouille Y, Bianchi M, Irminger J, and Halban P. Role of the prohormone convertase PC2 in the processing of proglucagon to glucagon. FEBS Lett 413: 119-123, 1997.
    • (1997) FEBS Lett , vol.413 , pp. 119-123
    • Rouille, Y.1    Bianchi, M.2    Irminger, J.3    Halban, P.4
  • 74
    • 0031455165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the prohormone convertase PC3 in the processing of proglucagon to glucagon-like peptide 1
    • Rouille Y, Kantengwa S, Irminger J-C, and Halban PA. Role of the prohormone convertase PC3 in the processing of proglucagon to glucagon-like peptide 1. JBiol Chem 272: 32810-32816, 1997.
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 32810-32816
    • Rouille, Y.1    Kantengwa, S.2    Irminger, J.-C.3    Halban, P.A.4
  • 75
    • 0028294866 scopus 로고
    • Proglucagon is processed to glucagon by prohormone convertase PC2 in alphaTC1-6 cells
    • Rouille Y, Westermark G, Martin S, and Steiner D. Proglucagon is processed to glucagon by prohormone convertase PC2 in alphaTC1-6 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 3242-3246, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 3242-3246
    • Rouille, Y.1    Westermark, G.2    Martin, S.3    Steiner, D.4
  • 76
    • 0032877316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of lack of suppression of glucagon on glucose tolerance in humans
    • Shah P, Basu A, Basu R, and Rizza R. Impact of lack of suppression of glucagon on glucose tolerance in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 277: E283-E290, 1999.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.277
    • Shah, P.1    Basu, A.2    Basu, R.3    Rizza, R.4
  • 77
    • 0034524938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of suppression of glucagon contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Shah P, Vella A, Basu A, Basu R, Schwenk WF, and Rizza RA. Lack of suppression of glucagon contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 4053-4059, 2000.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4053-4059
    • Shah, P.1    Vella, A.2    Basu, A.3    Basu, R.4    Schwenk, W.F.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 78
    • 0017233254 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglucagonemia and blood glucose regulation in normal, obese and diabetic subjects
    • Sherwin RS, Fisher M, Hendler R, and Felig P. Hyperglucagonemia and blood glucose regulation in normal, obese and diabetic subjects. N Engl J Med 294: 455-461, 1976.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 455-461
    • Sherwin, R.S.1    Fisher, M.2    Hendler, R.3    Felig, P.4
  • 79
    • 0033177983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of mice expressing the human glucagon receptor with a direct replacement vector
    • Shiao LL, Cascieri MA, Trumbauer M, Chen H, and Sullivan KA. Generation of mice expressing the human glucagon receptor with a direct replacement vector. Transgenic Res 8: 295-302, 1999.
    • (1999) Transgenic Res , vol.8 , pp. 295-302
    • Shiao, L.L.1    Cascieri, M.A.2    Trumbauer, M.3    Chen, H.4    Sullivan, K.A.5
  • 80
    • 0036242214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the Gly 40Ser mutation in the glucagon receptor gene in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Shiota D, Kasamatsu T, Dib SA, Chacra AR, and Moises RS. Role of the Gly40Ser mutation in the glucagon receptor gene in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pancreas 24: 386-390, 2002.
    • (2002) Pancreas , vol.24 , pp. 386-390
    • Shiota, D.1    Kasamatsu, T.2    Dib, S.A.3    Chacra, A.R.4    Moises, R.S.5
  • 82
    • 0021844443 scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucagon antibodies on plasma glucose, insulin and somatostatin in the fasting and fed rat
    • Tan K, Tsiolakis D, and Marks V. Effect of glucagon antibodies on plasma glucose, insulin and somatostatin in the fasting and fed rat. Diabetologia 28: 435-440, 1985.
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , pp. 435-440
    • Tan, K.1    Tsiolakis, D.2    Marks, V.3
  • 83
    • 0036739352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoregulation of endogenous glucose production during hyperglucagonemia
    • Toft I, Gerich JE, and Jenssen T. Autoregulation of endogenous glucose production during hyperglucagonemia. Metabolism 51: 1128-1134, 2002.
    • (2002) Metabolism , vol.51 , pp. 1128-1134
    • Toft, I.1    Gerich, J.E.2    Jenssen, T.3
  • 84
    • 0021864131 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology in the light of new advances
    • Unger RH. Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology in the light of new advances. Diabetologia 28: 574-578, 1985.
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , pp. 574-578
    • Unger, R.H.1
  • 85
    • 0018173382 scopus 로고
    • Role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes: The status of the controversy
    • Unger RH. Role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes: the status of the controversy. Metabolism 27: 1691-1709, 1978.
    • (1978) Metabolism , vol.27 , pp. 1691-1709
    • Unger, R.H.1
  • 86
    • 0024842752 scopus 로고
    • Biological activities of des-Hisl[Glu9]glucagon amide, a glucagon antagonist
    • Unson CG, Gurzenda EM, and Merrifield RB. Biological activities of des-Hisl[Glu9]glucagon amide, a glucagon antagonist. Peptides 10: 1171-1177, 1989.
    • (1989) Peptides , vol.10 , pp. 1171-1177
    • Unson, C.G.1    Gurzenda, E.M.2    Merrifield, R.B.3
  • 87
    • 0029891226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low level cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate accumulation analysis of [des-His1, des-Phe6, Glu9] glucagon-NH2 identifies glucagon antagonists from weak partial agonists/antagonists
    • Van Tine BA, Azizeh BY, Trivedi D, Phelps JR, Houslay MD, Johnson DG, and Hruby VJ. Low level cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate accumulation analysis of [des-His1, des-Phe6, Glu9] glucagon-NH2 identifies glucagon antagonists from weak partial agonists/antagonists. Endocrinology 137: 3316-3322, 1996.
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 3316-3322
    • Van Tine, B.A.1    Azizeh, B.Y.2    Trivedi, D.3    Phelps, J.R.4    Houslay, M.D.5    Johnson, D.G.6    Hruby, V.J.7
  • 88
    • 0017139432 scopus 로고
    • Gluconeo-genesis in isolated rat hepatic parenchymal cells. IX. Differential effects of glucagon and epinephrine on phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase
    • Veneziale CM, Deering NG, and Thompson HJ. Gluconeo-genesis in isolated rat hepatic parenchymal cells. IX. Differential effects of glucagon and epinephrine on phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Mayo Clin Proc 51: 624-631, 1976.
    • (1976) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.51 , pp. 624-631
    • Veneziale, C.M.1    Deering, N.G.2    Thompson, H.J.3
  • 89
    • 0035855825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism. Controlling the glucose factory
    • Vidal-Puig A and O'Rahilly S. Metabolism. Controlling the glucose factory. Nature 413: 125-126, 2001.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 125-126
    • Vidal-Puig, A.1    O'Rahilly, S.2
  • 90
    • 0036066639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon replacement via micro-osmotic pump corrects hypoglycemia and alpha-cell hyperplasia in prohormone convertase 2 knockout mice
    • Webb GC, Akbar MS, Zhao C, Swift HH, and Steiner DF. Glucagon replacement via micro-osmotic pump corrects hypoglycemia and alpha-cell hyperplasia in prohormone convertase 2 knockout mice. Diabetes 51: 398-405, 2002.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 398-405
    • Webb, G.C.1    Akbar, M.S.2    Zhao, C.3    Swift, H.H.4    Steiner, D.F.5
  • 91
    • 0022444416 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the physiological pulse frequency of glucagon secretion optimizes glucose production by perifused rat hepatocytes
    • Weigle DS and Goodner CJ. Evidence that the physiological pulse frequency of glucagon secretion optimizes glucose production by perifused rat hepatocytes. Endocrinology 118: 1606-1613, 1986.
    • (1986) Endocrinology , vol.118 , pp. 1606-1613
    • Weigle, D.S.1    Goodner, C.J.2
  • 92
    • 0021505496 scopus 로고
    • Pulsatile glucagon delivery enhances glucose production by perifused rat hepatocytes
    • Weigle DS, Koerker DJ, and Goodner CJ. Pulsatile glucagon delivery enhances glucose production by perifused rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 247: E564-E568, 1984.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.247
    • Weigle, D.S.1    Koerker, D.J.2    Goodner, C.J.3
  • 93
    • 0033525771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroendocrine protein 7B2 is required for peptide hormone processing in vivo and provides a novel mechanism for pituitary Cushing's disease
    • Westphal CH, Muller L, Zhou A, Zhu X, Bonner-Weir S, Schambelan M, Steiner DF, Lindberg I, and Leder P. The neuroendocrine protein 7B2 is required for peptide hormone processing in vivo and provides a novel mechanism for pituitary Cushing's disease. Cell 96: 689-700, 1999.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 689-700
    • Westphal, C.H.1    Muller, L.2    Zhou, A.3    Zhu, X.4    Bonner-Weir, S.5    Schambelan, M.6    Steiner, D.F.7    Lindberg, I.8    Leder, P.9
  • 95
    • 0027310383 scopus 로고
    • Response to intravenous injections of amylin and glucagon in fasted, fed, and hypoglycemic rats
    • Young AA, Cooper GJ, Carlo P, Rink TJ, and Wang MW. Response to intravenous injections of amylin and glucagon in fasted, fed, and hypoglycemic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 264: E943-E950, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.264
    • Young, A.A.1    Cooper, G.J.2    Carlo, P.3    Rink, T.J.4    Wang, M.W.5
  • 96
    • 0033866831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Zhang BB and Moller DE. New approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 4: 461-467, 2000.
    • (2000) Curr Opin Chem Biol , vol.4 , pp. 461-467
    • Zhang, B.B.1    Moller, D.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.