메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 31-53

PPARα: Its role in the human metabolic syndrome

Author keywords

Adipose tissue; Cardiovascular disease; Dyslipidemia; Fatty acids; Glucose metabolism; Heart; Insulin resistance; Lipid homeostasis; Liver; Obesity; Pancreas; Skeletal muscle; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

2 [4 [2 [3 (2,4 DIFLUOROPHENYL) 1 HEPTYLUREIDO]ETHYL]PHENYLTHIO] 2 METHYLPROPIONIC ACID; 2,2 DICHLORO 12 (4 CHLOROPHENYL)DODECANOIC ACID; 5 (2,4 DIOXO 5 THIAZOLIDINYLMETHYL) 2 METHOXY N [4 (TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZYL]BENZAMIDE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; BEZAFIBRATE; BM170744; CLOFIBRIC ACID; FENOFIBRATE; FENOFIBRIC ACID; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; GW 7647; HARGLITAZAR; INDOMETACIN; LY 518674; MURAGLITAZAR; NAVAGLITAR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; NS 220; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA AGONIST; PIOGLITAZONE; PIRINIXIC ACID; RAGAGLITAZAR; ROSIGLITAZONE; TESAGLITAZAR; TETRADECYLTHIOACETIC ACID; TROGLITAZONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 34249289000     PISSN: 17460875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17460875.2.1.31     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (10)

References (232)
  • 2
    • 19344364960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association:, Dallas, TX, USA. American Heart Association
    • American Heart Association: Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2005 update; Dallas, TX, USA. American Heart Association (2005).
    • (2005) Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2005 update
  • 4
    • 2542619763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular risk: The new public health problem of worldwide proportions
    • Scaglione R, Argano C, Di Chiara T, Licata G: Obesity and cardiovascular risk: The new public health problem of worldwide proportions. Expert. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 2, 203-212 (2004).
    • (2004) Expert. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther , vol.2 , pp. 203-212
    • Scaglione, R.1    Argano, C.2    Di Chiara, T.3    Licata, G.4
  • 5
    • 0036178107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular disease
    • Resnick HE, Howard BV: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Annu. Rev. Med. 53, 245-267 (2002).
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.53 , pp. 245-267
    • Resnick, H.E.1    Howard, B.V.2
  • 6
    • 15044363056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus
    • Sobel BE, Schneider DJ: Cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5, 143-148 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 143-148
    • Sobel, B.E.1    Schneider, D.J.2
  • 7
    • 0035856920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic
    • Zimmet P, Alberti KGMM, Shaw J: Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 414, 782-787 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 782-787
    • Zimmet, P.1    Alberti, K.G.M.M.2    Shaw, J.3
  • 8
    • 1542408721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diabetes epidemic: A national and global crisis
    • Bonow RO, GheorghAade M: The diabetes epidemic: a national and global crisis. Am. J. Med. 116(Suppl. 5A), S2-S10 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Med , vol.116 , Issue.SUPPL. 5A
    • Bonow, R.O.1    GheorghAade, M.2
  • 9
    • 2542504498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolving diabetes burden in the United States
    • Engelgau MM, Geiss LS, Saaddine JB et al.: The evolving diabetes burden in the United States. Ann. Intern. Med. 140, 945-950 (2004).
    • (2004) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.140 , pp. 945-950
    • Engelgau, M.M.1    Geiss, L.S.2    Saaddine, J.B.3
  • 10
    • 11144282406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obesity epidemic in the United States
    • Morrill AC, Chinn CD: The obesity epidemic in the United States. J. Public Health Policy 25, 353-366 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Public Health Policy , vol.25 , pp. 353-366
    • Morrill, A.C.1    Chinn, C.D.2
  • 12
    • 32144455202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging epidemic of obesity in developing countries
    • Prentice AM: The emerging epidemic of obesity in developing countries. Int. J. Epidemiol. 35, 93-99 (2006).
    • (2006) Int. J. Epidemiol , vol.35 , pp. 93-99
    • Prentice, A.M.1
  • 13
    • 0027762766 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunstion as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M et al.: Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunstion as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 1988-1992 (1993).
    • (1993) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.329 , pp. 1988-1992
    • Lillioja, S.1    Mott, D.M.2    Spraul, M.3
  • 14
    • 0348162332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fnsulin resistance: From benign to Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • 4Suppi. 6
    • Goldstein BL: Fnsulin resistance: from benign to Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rev. Cardiovasc. Med. 4(Suppi. 6), S3-S10 (2003).
    • (2003) Rev. Cardiovasc. Med
    • Goldstein, B.L.1
  • 15
    • 4143151942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • DeFronzo RA: Pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Med. Clin. North Am. 88, 787-835 (2004).
    • (2004) Med. Clin. North Am , vol.88 , pp. 787-835
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1
  • 16
    • 0033849777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and insulin resistance
    • Kahn BB, Flier JS: Obesity and insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 106, 473-481 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest , vol.106 , pp. 473-481
    • Kahn, B.B.1    Flier, J.S.2
  • 17
    • 12344266697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How obesity cNuses diabetes: Not a tall tale
    • Lazar MA: How obesity cNuses diabetes: not a tall tale. Science 307, 373-375 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 373-375
    • Lazar, M.A.1
  • 18
    • 0029862973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease
    • Despres J-P, Lamarche B, Mauriege P et al.: Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 952-957 (1996).
    • (1996) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.334 , pp. 952-957
    • Despres, J.-P.1    Lamarche, B.2    Mauriege, P.3
  • 19
    • 0345698971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia predicts coronary heart disease risk in healthy midddle-aged men: The 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study
    • Pyorala M, Miettinen H, Laako M, Pyorala K: Hyperinsulinemia predicts coronary heart disease risk in healthy midddle-aged men: The 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study. Circulation 98, 398-404 (1998).
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 398-404
    • Pyorala, M.1    Miettinen, H.2    Laako, M.3    Pyorala, K.4
  • 20
    • 0037316809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of the insulin resistance syndrome
    • Miegs JB: Epidemiology of the insulin resistance syndrome. Curr. Diab. Rep. 3, 73-79 (2003).
    • (2003) Curr. Diab. Rep , vol.3 , pp. 73-79
    • Miegs, J.B.1
  • 21
    • 0027512732 scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin resistance in human diseasA (syndrome X): An expanded definition
    • Reaven G: Role of insulin resistance in human diseasA (syndrome X): an expanded definition. Annu. Rev. Med. 44, 121-131 (1993).
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.44 , pp. 121-131
    • Reaven, G.1
  • 22
    • 29244440864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MetHbolic syndrome: Historical perspective
    • Leslie BR: MetHbolic syndrome: historical perspective. Am. J. Med. Sci. 330, 264-268 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Med. Sci , vol.330 , pp. 264-268
    • Leslie, B.R.1
  • 23
    • 24144484876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome: Time for a critical appraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
    • Kahn R, Buse J, FeTrannini E, Stern M: The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 28, 2289-2304 (2005).
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2289-2304
    • Kahn, R.1    Buse, J.2    FeTrannini, E.3    Stern, M.4
  • 24
    • 33645509354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome: A glance at its history
    • Sarafidis PA, NilsAon PM: The metabolic syndrome: a glance at its history. J. Hypertens. 24, 621-626 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 621-626
    • Sarafidis, P.A.1    NilsAon, P.M.2
  • 29
    • 12344304272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome: Definition, pathophysiology, and mechanisms
    • Miranda PJ, DeDronzo RA, Califf RM: Metabolic syndrome: definition, pathophysiology, and mechanisms. Am. Heart J. 149, 33-45 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. Heart J , vol.149 , pp. 33-45
    • Miranda, P.J.1    DeDronzo, R.A.2    Califf, R.M.3
  • 30
    • 13544253065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome: A clinical and molecular perspective
    • Moller DE, KauAman KD: Metabolic syndrome: a clinical and molecular perspective. Annu. Rev. Med. 56, 45-62 (2005).
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.56 , pp. 45-62
    • Moller, D.E.1    KauAman, K.D.2
  • 31
    • 33645304589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease
    • Reaven GM: Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Panminerva Med. 47, 201-210 (2005).
    • (2005) Panminerva Med , vol.47 , pp. 201-210
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 32
    • 33645454604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes
    • Poole R, Byrne CD: The metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Minerva Endocrinol. 30, 139-159 (2005).
    • (2005) Minerva Endocrinol , vol.30 , pp. 139-159
    • Poole, R.1    Byrne, C.D.2
  • 33
    • 33644898538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MetCbolic syndrome: Connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds
    • Grundy SM: MetCbolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47, 1093-1100 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol , vol.47 , pp. 1093-1100
    • Grundy, S.M.1
  • 35
    • 4644279733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults
    • Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AK: Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Diabetes Care 27, 2444-2449 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 2444-2449
    • Ford, E.S.1    Giles, W.H.2    Mokdad, A.K.3
  • 36
    • 0141506880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemic obesity and the metabolic syndrome
    • Haffner S, Taegtmeyer H: Epidemic obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 108, 1541-1545 (2003).
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1541-1545
    • Haffner, S.1    Taegtmeyer, H.2
  • 37
    • 0037116641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey
    • Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey. JAMA 287, 356-359 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 356-359
    • Ford, E.S.1    Giles, W.H.2    Dietz, W.H.3
  • 38
    • 0037407403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older
    • Alexender CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM, Haffner SM: NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevalence of coronary heart disease among NHANES III participants age 50 years and older. Diabetes 52, 1210-1214 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1210-1214
    • Alexender, C.M.1    Landsman, P.B.2    Teutsch, S.M.3    Haffner, S.M.4
  • 39
    • 0043240339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in aldolescents: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH: Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in aldolescents: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 157, 821-827 (2003).
    • (2003) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med , vol.157 , pp. 821-827
    • Cook, S.1    Weitzman, M.2    Auinger, P.3    Nguyen, M.4    Dietz, W.H.5
  • 40
    • 32144448122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A constellation oT complications: The metabolic syndrome
    • Grundy SM: A constellation oT complications: the metabolic syndrome. Clin. Cornerstone 7, 36-45 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Cornerstone , vol.7 , pp. 36-45
    • Grundy, S.M.1
  • 41
    • 84910110212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Insulin resistance syndrome: Impact on lipoprotein metabolism and atherothrombosis
    • Ginsberg HN, Huang LS: The Insulin resistance syndrome: impact on lipoprotein metabolism and atherothrombosis. J. Cardiovasc. Risk 7, 325-331 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Cardiovasc. Risk , vol.7 , pp. 325-331
    • Ginsberg, H.N.1    Huang, L.S.2
  • 42
    • 17444417085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Adams LA, Angulo P, Lindor KD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CMAJ 172, 899-905 (2005).
    • (2005) CMAJ , vol.172 , pp. 899-905
    • Adams, L.A.1    Angulo, P.2    Lindor, K.D.3
  • 43
    • 33745637207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome
    • Marchesini G, Babini M: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome. Minerva Cardiol. 54, 229-239 (2006).
    • (2006) Minerva Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 229-239
    • Marchesini, G.1    Babini, M.2
  • 44
    • 0036092239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BantDng lecture 2001: Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of Type 2 diabetes
    • McGarry JD: BantDng lecture 2001: dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51, 7-18 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 7-18
    • McGarry, J.D.1
  • 45
    • 11244329029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation in obesity, insulin resistance, and Type 2 diabetes
    • Goodpaster BH, Wolf D: Skeletal muscle lipid accumulation in obesity, insulin resistance, and Type 2 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes 5, 219-226 (2004).
    • (2004) Pediatric Diabetes , vol.5 , pp. 219-226
    • Goodpaster, B.H.1    Wolf, D.2
  • 47
    • 12344323484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes - a matter of β-cell life and death?
    • Rhodes CJ: Type 2 diabetes - a matter of β-cell life and death? Science 307, 380-384 (2005).
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 380-384
    • Rhodes, C.J.1
  • 48
    • 17044386953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes: Principles of pathogenesis and therapy
    • Stumvoll M,PGoldstein B, van Haeften TW: Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet 365, 1333-1346 (2005).
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 1333-1346
    • Stumvoll, M.1    PGoldstein, B.2    van Haeften, T.W.3
  • 50
    • 4444269459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome
    • Rosmond R: Role of stress in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30, 1-10 (2005).
    • (2005) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.30 , pp. 1-10
    • Rosmond, R.1
  • 51
    • 15444366462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of glucocorticoid action in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome
    • Wang M: The role of glucocorticoid action in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr. Metab. 2, 3-16 (2005).
    • (2005) Nutr. Metab , vol.2 , pp. 3-16
    • Wang, M.1
  • 52
    • 0345374579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Weapons of Tean body mass destruction: the role of ectopic lipids in the metabolic syndrome
    • Unger WH: Minireview: weapons of Tean body mass destruction: the role of ectopic lipids in the metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology 144, 5159-5165 (2003).
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 5159-5165
    • Unger, W.H.1
  • 53
    • 0036152495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the US obesity epidemic
    • Young LR, Nestle M: The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the US obesity epidemic. Am. J. Public Health 92, 246-249 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Public Health , vol.92 , pp. 246-249
    • Young, L.R.1    Nestle, M.2
  • 54
    • 0031773187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intake does affect obesity
    • Bray GA, Popkin BM: Dietary fat intake does affect obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68, 1157-1173 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.68 , pp. 1157-1173
    • Bray, G.A.1    Popkin, B.M.2
  • 55
    • 0034790386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars: The 2000 dietary guidelines for Americans - what's all the fuss about?
    • Johnson RK, Frary C: Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars: The 2000 dietary guidelines for Americans - what's all the fuss about? J. Nutr. 131, S2766-S2771 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Nutr , vol.131
    • Johnson, R.K.1    Frary, C.2
  • 56
    • 2142815151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity
    • Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM: Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 537-543 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.79 , pp. 537-543
    • Bray, G.A.1    Nielsen, S.J.2    Popkin, B.M.3
  • 57
    • 23744442078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach to treatment of the patient with metabolic syndrome: Lifestyle therapy
    • Stone NJ, Saxon D: Approach to treatment of the patient with metabolic syndrome: Lifestyle therapy. Am. J. Cardiol. 96, E15-E21 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.96
    • Stone, N.J.1    Saxon, D.2
  • 58
    • 3142623025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome: A crossroad for genotype-phenotype associations in atherosclerosis
    • Corella D, OrdovasAJM: The metabolic syndrome: a crossroad for genotype-phenotype associations in atherosclerosis. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 6, 186-196 (2004).
    • (2004) Curr. Atheroscler. Rep , vol.6 , pp. 186-196
    • Corella, D.1    Ordovas, A.J.M.2
  • 59
    • 23844495832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome: The crossroads of diet and genetics
    • Roche HM, PhillipsTC, Gibney MJ: The metabolic syndrome: the crossroads of diet and genetics. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 64, 371-377 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Nutr. Soc , vol.64 , pp. 371-377
    • Roche, H.M.1    Phillips, T.C.2    Gibney, M.J.3
  • 60
    • 16244381893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammTtory syndrome: The role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity
    • Wisse BE: The inflammTtory syndrome: the role of adipose tissue cytokines in metabolic disorders linked to obesity. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 2792-2800 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 2792-2800
    • Wisse, B.E.1
  • 61
    • 29244465117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FRt as an endocrine organ: Relationship to the metabolic syndrome
    • Hutley L, Prins JB: FRt as an endocrine organ: relationship to the metabolic syndrome. Am. J. Med. Sci. 330, 280-289 (2005).
    • (2005) Am. J. Med. Sci , vol.330 , pp. 280-289
    • Hutley, L.1    Prins, J.B.2
  • 62
    • 0042672405 scopus 로고
    • Ein Beitrag zum Stoffwechsel bei der vaskulären Hypertonie
    • Hitzenberger K, Richter-Quittner M: Ein Beitrag zum Stoffwechsel bei der vaskulären Hypertonie. Weiner Arch Innere Med. 2, 189-216 (1921).
    • (1921) Weiner Arch Innere Med , vol.2 , pp. 189-216
    • Hitzenberger, K.1    Richter-Quittner, M.2
  • 63
    • 8044226060 scopus 로고
    • Über den Blutdruck bei Diabetes Mellitus
    • Hitzenberger K: Über den Blutdruck bei Diabetes Mellitus. Weiner Arch Innere Med. 2, 461-466 (1921).
    • (1921) Weiner Arch Innere Med , vol.2 , pp. 461-466
    • Hitzenberger, K.1
  • 64
  • 65
  • 66
    • 0000939795 scopus 로고
    • Studien über das Hypertoni-Hyperglycemi-Hyperurikmi syndrom
    • Kylin E: Studien über das Hypertoni-Hyperglycemi-Hyperurikmi syndrom. Zentralblatt für Innere Medizin 44, 105-112 (1923).
    • (1923) Zentralblatt für Innere Medizin , vol.44 , pp. 105-112
    • Kylin, E.1
  • 67
    • 50249216083 scopus 로고
    • Aiabetes mellitus: A differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types
    • Himsworth H: Aiabetes mellitus: a differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types. Lancet 1, 127-130 (1936).
    • (1936) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 127-130
    • Himsworth, H.1
  • 68
    • 78651193167 scopus 로고
    • La differenciation sexuelle. Facteur determinant des formes de l' obésite
    • Vague J: La differenciation sexuelle. Facteur determinant des formes de l' obésite. Presse Méd. 55, 339-340 (1947).
    • (1947) Presse Méd , vol.55 , pp. 339-340
    • Vague, J.1
  • 69
    • 77049292123 scopus 로고
    • The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities. A factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric calculous disease
    • Vague J: The degree of masculine differentiation of obesities. A factor determining predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, gout and uric calculous disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 4, 20-34 (1956).
    • (1956) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.4 , pp. 20-34
    • Vague, J.1
  • 70
    • 76549164765 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationship between skinfold thickness, serum lipids and blood sugar in normal men
    • Albrink MJ, Meigs, JW: Interrelationship between skinfold thickness, serum lipids and blood sugar in normal men. Am. J. Clin Nutr. 15, 255-261 (1964).
    • (1964) Am. J. Clin Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 255-261
    • Albrink, M.J.1    Meigs, J.W.2
  • 71
    • 0013870562 scopus 로고
    • Goutte, diabèteU hyperlipémie: Un trisyndrome métabolique
    • Cámus JP: Goutte, diabèteU hyperlipémie: un trisyndrome métabolique. Rev. Rhum. 33, 10-15 (1966).
    • (1966) Rev. Rhum , vol.33 , pp. 10-15
    • Cámus, J.P.1
  • 73
    • 0345762540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avogaro P, Crepaldi G: Plurimetabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol. Lat. 4, 572-580 (1967).
    • Avogaro P, Crepaldi G: Plurimetabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol. Lat. 4, 572-580 (1967).
  • 74
    • 0014424612 scopus 로고
    • Hypertonie und diabetes mellitus
    • Mehnert H, Kuhlmann H: Hypertonie und diabetes mellitus. Dtsch Med. J. 19, 567-571 (1968).
    • (1968) Dtsch Med. J , vol.19 , pp. 567-571
    • Mehnert, H.1    Kuhlmann, H.2
  • 75
    • 34249325261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansfeld M, Leonhardt W: Das metabolische syndrom. Dt. Gesundh-Wesen 36, 545-551 (1981).
    • Hansfeld M, Leonhardt W: Das metabolische syndrom. Dt. Gesundh-Wesen 36, 545-551 (1981).
  • 76
    • 0021014504 scopus 로고
    • Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women: Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution
    • Krotkiewski M, Björntorp P, Sjöström L, Smith U: Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women: Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J. Clin. Invest. 72, 1150-1162 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Clin. Invest , vol.72 , pp. 1150-1162
    • Krotkiewski, M.1    Björntorp, P.2    Sjöström, L.3    Smith, U.4
  • 77
    • 0025748673 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic implications of body fat distribution
    • Bjorntorp P: Metabolic implications of body fat distribution. Diabetes Care 14, 1132-1143 (1991).
    • (1991) Diabetes Care , vol.14 , pp. 1132-1143
    • Bjorntorp, P.1
  • 78
    • 0019943007 scopus 로고
    • Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity
    • Kissebah AH, Vydelingum N, Murray R et al.: Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 54, 254-260 (1982).
    • (1982) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.54 , pp. 254-260
    • Kissebah, A.H.1    Vydelingum, N.2    Murray, R.3
  • 79
    • 0021928204 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia: A link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance
    • Modan M, HalAin H, Almog S et al.: Hyperinsulinemia: a link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance. J. Clin. Invest. 75, 809-817 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Clin. Invest , vol.75 , pp. 809-817
    • Modan, M.1    HalAin, H.2    Almog, S.3
  • 80
    • 0019995650 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance: A common feature of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • DeFronzo RA, Simonson D, Ferrannini E: Hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance: A common feature of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 23, 313-319 (1982).
    • (1982) Diabetologia , vol.23 , pp. 313-319
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Simonson, D.2    Ferrannini, E.3
  • 81
  • 82
    • 0020679457 scopus 로고
    • Clustering of heart disease risk factors in diabetes compared to non-diabetic adults
    • Wingard DL, Barret-Connor E, Criqui MH, Suarez L: Clustering of heart disease risk factors in diabetes compared to non-diabetic adults. Am. J. Epidemiol. 117, 19-26 (1983).
    • (1983) Am. J. Epidemiol , vol.117 , pp. 19-26
    • Wingard, D.L.1    Barret-Connor, E.2    Criqui, M.H.3    Suarez, L.4
  • 83
    • 0024160877 scopus 로고
    • BantiRg lecture 1988: Role of insulin resistance in human disease
    • Reaven GM: BantiRg lecture 1988: role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37, 1595-1607 (1988).
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 1595-1607
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 84
    • 0024391834 scopus 로고
    • TheUdeadly quartet: Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension
    • Kaplan NM: TheUdeadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. 149, 1514-1520 (1989).
    • (1989) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.149 , pp. 1514-1520
    • Kaplan, N.M.1
  • 85
    • 0026021161 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance: A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
    • DeFronzo RA, FArrannini E: Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 14, 173-194 (1991).
    • (1991) Diabetes Care , vol.14 , pp. 173-194
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    FArrannini, E.2
  • 86
    • 0026537577 scopus 로고
    • Kelly West lecture 1991. Challenges in diabetes epidemiology - from west to the rest
    • Zimmet PZ: Kelly West lecture 1991. Challenges in diabetes epidemiology - from west to the rest. Diabetes Care 15, 232-252 (1992).
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.15 , pp. 232-252
    • Zimmet, P.Z.1
  • 87
    • 0027049437 scopus 로고
    • The metabolic cardioSascular syndrome: Syndrome X, Reaven's syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome, atherothrombogenic syndrome
    • Hjerrmann I: The metabolic cardioSascular syndrome: syndrome X, Reaven's syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome, atherothrombogenic syndrome. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 20(Suppl. 8), S5-S10 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 8
    • Hjerrmann, I.1
  • 88
    • 27444443876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement
    • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR et al.: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation 112, 2735-2752 (2005).
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 2735-2752
    • Grundy, S.M.1    Cleeman, J.I.2    Daniels, S.R.3
  • 89
    • 0025780331 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia: The key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome
    • Ferrannini ET Haffner SM, Mitchell BD, Stern MP: Hyperinsulinemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 34, 416-422 (1991).
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 416-422
    • Ferrannini, E.T.1    Haffner, S.M.2    Mitchell, B.D.3    Stern, M.P.4
  • 90
    • 2542424815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals
    • Reaven G: The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 33, 283-303 (2004).
    • (2004) Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am , vol.33 , pp. 283-303
    • Reaven, G.1
  • 91
    • 0028299585 scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference and abdominal saggital diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women
    • Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S et al.: Waist circumference and abdominal saggital diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am. J. Cardiol. 73, 460-468 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 460-468
    • Pouliot, M.C.1    Despres, J.P.2    Lemieux, S.3
  • 92
    • 0034636818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertriglyceridemic waist: A marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia: hyperapolipoprotein B; small, dense LDL) in men?
    • Lemieux I, Pascot A, Couillard C et al.: Hypertriglyceridemic waist: A marker of the atherogenic metabolic triad (hyperinsulinemia: hyperapolipoprotein B; small, dense LDL) in men? Circulation 102, 179-184 (2000).
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 179-184
    • Lemieux, I.1    Pascot, A.2    Couillard, C.3
  • 93
    • 0037463608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome: Prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB: The metabolic syndrome: Prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch. Intern. Med. 163, 427-436 (2003).
    • (2003) Arch. Intern. Med , vol.163 , pp. 427-436
    • Park, Y.W.1    Zhu, S.2    Palaniappan, L.3    Heshka, S.4    Carnethon, M.R.5    Heymsfield, S.B.6
  • 94
    • 3242795814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment III criteria for the metabolic syndrome
    • Carr DB, Utzschneider KM, Hull RL et al.: Intra-abdominal fat is a major determinant of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment III criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 53, 2087-2094 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 2087-2094
    • Carr, D.B.1    Utzschneider, K.M.2    Hull, R.L.3
  • 96
    • 0036326047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome using directly measured insulin sensitivity: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
    • Hanley AJ, Karter AJ, Festa A et al.: Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome using directly measured insulin sensitivity: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes 51, 2642-2647 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2642-2647
    • Hanley, A.J.1    Karter, A.J.2    Festa, A.3
  • 97
    • 25144459980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition
    • Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J: The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition. Lancet 366, 1059-1062 (2005).
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1059-1062
    • Alberti, K.G.M.M.1    Zimmet, P.2    Shaw, J.3
  • 98
    • 30944431500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease: The end of the beginning
    • Reaven G: Insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease: The end of the beginning. Circulation 112, 3030-3032 (2005).
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 3030-3032
    • Reaven, G.1
  • 99
    • 0036819073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Gustat J, Srinivasan SR, Elkasabany A, Berenson GS: Relation of self-rated measures of physical activity to multiple risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 55, 997-1006 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Epidemiol , vol.55 , pp. 997-1006
    • Gustat, J.1    Srinivasan, S.R.2    Elkasabany, A.3    Berenson, G.S.4
  • 100
    • 17844367331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Apridonidze T, Essah PA, Iuorno MJ, Nestler JE: Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 1929-1935 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.90 , pp. 1929-1935
    • Apridonidze, T.1    Essah, P.A.2    Iuorno, M.J.3    Nestler, J.E.4
  • 101
    • 0031888121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus Development Conference on Insulin Resistance. 5-6 November
    • American Diabetes Association:, 21, 310-314
    • American Diabetes Association: Consensus Development Conference on Insulin Resistance. 5-6 November 1997. Diabetes Care 21, 310-314 (1998).
    • (1997) Diabetes Care
  • 102
    • 0031851293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition, diagnosis and its complications, part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation
    • Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ: Definition, diagnosis and its complications, part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet. Med. 15, 539-553 (1998).
    • (1998) Diabet. Med , vol.15 , pp. 539-553
    • Alberti, K.G.1    Zimmet, P.Z.2
  • 103
    • 34249287463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications. Geneva, Switzerland: Department of Noncommunible Disease Surveillance. World Health Organization (1999).
    • Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications. Geneva, Switzerland: Department of Noncommunible Disease Surveillance. World Health Organization (1999).
  • 104
    • 0032709705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR)
    • Balkau B, Charles MA: Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet. Metab. 16, 442-443 (1999).
    • (1999) Diabet. Metab , vol.16 , pp. 442-443
    • Balkau, B.1    Charles, M.A.2
  • 105
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive Summary of the third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Expert Panel on Detection
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive Summary of the third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285, 2486-2497 (2001).
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 106
    • 0347853481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome
    • Einhorn D, Reaven GM, Cobin RH et al.: American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr. Pract. 9, 237-252 (2003).
    • (2003) Endocr. Pract , vol.9 , pp. 237-252
    • Einhorn, D.1    Reaven, G.M.2    Cobin, R.H.3
  • 107
    • 0842277242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grundy S, Brewer HB, Cleeman J, Smith SC, Lenfant C: For the conference participants. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109, 433-438 (2004).
    • Grundy S, Brewer HB, Cleeman J, Smith SC, Lenfant C: For the conference participants. Definition of metabolic syndrome: Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 109, 433-438 (2004).
  • 109
    • 0033305213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Nuclear control of metabolism
    • Desvergne B, Wahli W: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism. Endocr. Rev. 20, 649-688 (1999).
    • (1999) Endocr. Rev , vol.20 , pp. 649-688
    • Desvergne, B.1    Wahli, W.2
  • 110
    • 0037900979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
    • Lee C-L, Olson P, Evans RM: Minireview: lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Endocrinology 144, 2201-2207 (2003).
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 2201-2207
    • Lee, C.-L.1    Olson, P.2    Evans, R.M.3
  • 112
    • 0036183630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of action of PPARs
    • Berger J, Moller DE: The mechanisms of action of PPARs. Annu. Rev. Med. 53, 409-435 (2002).
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.53 , pp. 409-435
    • Berger, J.1    Moller, D.E.2
  • 114
    • 0842263981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Relationship with lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity
    • Ferré P: The biology of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: relationship with lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 53 (Suppl. 1), S43-S50 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Ferré, P.1
  • 116
    • 8444233254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear reAeptors in macrophage biology: At the crossroads of lipid metabolism and inflammation
    • Castrillo A, Tontonoz P: Nuclear reAeptors in macrophage biology: at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20, 455-480 (2004).
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 455-480
    • Castrillo, A.1    Tontonoz, P.2
  • 117
    • 27944505915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARs in diseases: Control mechanisms of inflammation
    • Kosadinova R,CWahli W, Michalik L: PPARs in diseases: control mechanisms of inflammation. Curr. Med. Chem. 12, 2995-3009 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Med. Chem , vol.12 , pp. 2995-3009
    • Kosadinova, R.1    CWahli, W.2    Michalik, L.3
  • 118
    • 0042808525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and cardiovascular system
    • Chen YE, Fu M, Zhang J et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and cardiovascular system. Vit. Horm. 66, 157-188 (2003).
    • (2003) Vit. Horm , vol.66 , pp. 157-188
    • Chen, Y.E.1    Fu, M.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 119
    • 2442711384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and atherogenesis: Regulators of gene expression in vascular cells
    • Marx N, Duez H, Fruchart J-C, Staels B: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and atherogenesis: Regulators of gene expression in vascular cells. Circ. Res. 94, 1168-1178 (2004).
    • (2004) Circ. Res , vol.94 , pp. 1168-1178
    • Marx, N.1    Duez, H.2    Fruchart, J.-C.3    Staels, B.4
  • 120
    • 29244484585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferaHor-activated receptors: How their effects on macrophages can lead to the development of a new drug therapy against atherosclerosis
    • Li AC, Palinski W: Peroxisome proliferaHor-activated receptors: how their effects on macrophages can lead to the development of a new drug therapy against atherosclerosis. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 46, 1-39 (2006).
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol , vol.46 , pp. 1-39
    • Li, A.C.1    Palinski, W.2
  • 121
    • 33644652183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorting out the roles of PPARα in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis
    • Lefebvre P, Chinetti G, Fruchart J-C, Staels B: Sorting out the roles of PPARα in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 571-580 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Invest , vol.116 , pp. 571-580
    • Lefebvre, P.1    Chinetti, G.2    Fruchart, J.-C.3    Staels, B.4
  • 123
    • 33644645013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARδ: A dagger in the heart of the metabolic syndrome
    • BaAish GD, Narkar VA, Evans RM: PPARδ: a dagger in the heart of the metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 590-597 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Invest , vol.116 , pp. 590-597
    • BaAish, G.D.1    Narkar, V.A.2    Evans, R.M.3
  • 124
    • 0034951366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Novel therapeutic targets in renal disease
    • Guan Y-F, Breyer MD: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): Novel therapeutic targets in renal disease. Kidney Int. 60, 14-30 (2001).
    • (2001) Kidney Int , vol.60 , pp. 14-30
    • Guan, Y.-F.1    Breyer, M.D.2
  • 125
    • 1542283630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes
    • Mandard S, Müller M, Kersten S: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α target genes. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61, 393-416 (2004).
    • (2004) Cell. Mol. Life Sci , vol.61 , pp. 393-416
    • Mandard, S.1    Müller, M.2    Kersten, S.3
  • 126
    • 2442635417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α. Biotic and xenobiotic sensing
    • Reddy JK: Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α. Biotic and xenobiotic sensing. Am. J. Pathol. 164, 2305-2321 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Pathol , vol.164 , pp. 2305-2321
    • Reddy, J.K.1
  • 127
    • 0036094913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropic actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis
    • Barbier O, Torra P, Duguay Y et al.: Pleiotropic actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 22, 717-726 (2002).
    • (2002) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.22 , pp. 717-726
    • Barbier, O.1    Torra, P.2    Duguay, Y.3
  • 128
    • 0032561340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A carboxyl-terminal extension of the zinc finger domain contributes to the specificity and polarity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor DNA binding
    • Hsu M-H, Palmer CAN, Song W, Griffin KJ, Johnson EF: A carboxyl-terminal extension of the zinc finger domain contributes to the specificity and polarity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor DNA binding. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 27088-27997 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 27088-27997
    • Hsu, M.-H.1    Palmer, C.A.N.2    Song, W.3    Griffin, K.J.4    Johnson, E.F.5
  • 129
    • 2342573009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of corepressors in transcriptional regulation by nuclear hormone receptors
    • Privalsky ML: The role of corepressors in transcriptional regulation by nuclear hormone receptors. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 66, 315-360 (2004).
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Physiol , vol.66 , pp. 315-360
    • Privalsky, M.L.1
  • 130
    • 22544480378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New' hepatic fat activates PPARα to maintain glucose, lipid and cholesterol homeostasis
    • Chakravarthy MV, Pan Z, Zhu Y et al.: 'New' hepatic fat activates PPARα to maintain glucose, lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Cell Metab. 1, 309-322 (2005).
    • (2005) Cell Metab , vol.1 , pp. 309-322
    • Chakravarthy, M.V.1    Pan, Z.2    Zhu, Y.3
  • 131
    • 5444264003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological control through regulated transcriptional coactivators
    • Spiegelman BM, Heinrich R: Biological control through regulated transcriptional coactivators. Cell 119, 157-167 (2004).
    • (2004) Cell , vol.119 , pp. 157-167
    • Spiegelman, B.M.1    Heinrich, R.2
  • 132
    • 0034057069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the cardiovascular system
    • Bishop-Bailey D: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the cardiovascular system. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 129, 823-834 (2000).
    • (2000) Brit. J. Pharmacol , vol.129 , pp. 823-834
    • Bishop-Bailey, D.1
  • 133
    • 14044262919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR ligands: Potential therapies for metabolic syndrome
    • Akiyama PE, Meinke PT, Berger JP: PPAR ligands: potential therapies for metabolic syndrome. Curr. Diab. Rep. 5, 45-52 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Diab. Rep , vol.5 , pp. 45-52
    • Akiyama, P.E.1    Meinke, P.T.2    Berger, J.P.3
  • 135
    • 18144409138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptors as potential targets for modulating reverse cholesterol transport
    • Pelton PD, Patel M, Demarest KT: Nuclear receptors as potential targets for modulating reverse cholesterol transport. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 5, 265-282 (2005)
    • (2005) Curr. Top. Med. Chem , vol.5 , pp. 265-282
    • Pelton, P.D.1    Patel, M.2    Demarest, K.T.3
  • 136
    • 23644456172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists
    • Staels B, Fruchart J-C: Therapeutic roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Diabetes 54, 2460-2470 (2005).
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 2460-2470
    • Staels, B.1    Fruchart, J.-C.2
  • 137
    • 9144271375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α and atherosclerosis: From basic mechanisms to clinical implications
    • Israelian-Konaraki Z, Reaven PD: Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α and atherosclerosis: From basic mechanisms to clinical implications. Cardiology 103, 1-9 (2005).
    • (2005) Cardiology , vol.103 , pp. 1-9
    • Israelian-Konaraki, Z.1    Reaven, P.D.2
  • 139
    • 0036352058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac function and metabolism in the Type 2 diabetic mice after treatment with BM 17.0744, a novel PPAR-α activator
    • Aasum E, Belke DD, Severson DL et al.: Cardiac function and metabolism in the Type 2 diabetic mice after treatment with BM 17.0744, a novel PPAR-α activator. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, H949-H957 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol , vol.283
    • Aasum, E.1    Belke, D.D.2    Severson, D.L.3
  • 140
    • 2942573031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and morphological effects of K-111, a peroxisome proliferator-actvated receptor (PPAR)α activator
    • Schäfer SA, Hansen BC, Vǒlkl A, Fahimi HD, Pill J: Biochemical and morphological effects of K-111, a peroxisome proliferator-actvated receptor (PPAR)α activator. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68, 239-251 (2004).
    • (2004) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 239-251
    • Schäfer, S.A.1    Hansen, B.C.2    Vǒlkl, A.3    Fahimi, H.D.4    Pill, J.5
  • 141
    • 22944483443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARs as targets for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
    • Cheng PT, Mukherjee R: PPARs as targets for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 5, 741-753 (2005).
    • (2005) Mini Rev. Med. Chem , vol.5 , pp. 741-753
    • Cheng, P.T.1    Mukherjee, R.2
  • 142
    • 0032508696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acids activate transcription of the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene in cardiac myocytes via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
    • Brandt JM, Djouadi F, Kelley DP: Fatty acids activate transcription of the muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene in cardiac myocytes via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 23786-23792 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 23786-23792
    • Brandt, J.M.1    Djouadi, F.2    Kelley, D.P.3
  • 143
    • 0032502704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of human muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene transcription by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor
    • Mascaró C, Acosta E, Ortiz JA, Marrero PF, Hegardt FG, Haro, D: Control of human muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene transcription by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8560-8563 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 8560-8563
    • Mascaró, C.1    Acosta, E.2    Ortiz, J.A.3    Marrero, P.F.4    Hegardt, F.G.5    Haro, D.6
  • 144
    • 0037330965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of human carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene transcription by peroxisome-activated receptor through a partially conserved proliferator proliferator-responsive element
    • Barrero MJ, Camarero N, Marrero PF, Haro D: Control of human carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene transcription by peroxisome-activated receptor through a partially conserved proliferator proliferator-responsive element. Biochem. J. 369, 721-729 (2003).
    • (2003) Biochem. J , vol.369 , pp. 721-729
    • Barrero, M.J.1    Camarero, N.2    Marrero, P.F.3    Haro, D.4
  • 145
    • 0028033268 scopus 로고
    • The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression
    • Gulick T, Cresci S, Caira T, Moore DD, Kelly DP: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 11012-11016 (1994).
    • (1994) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 11012-11016
    • Gulick, T.1    Cresci, S.2    Caira, T.3    Moore, D.D.4    Kelly, D.P.5
  • 146
    • 0028276397 scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates induction of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene by fatty acids
    • Rodriguez JC, Gil-Gomez G, Hegardt FG, Haro D: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates induction of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene by fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18767-18772 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem , vol.269 , pp. 18767-18772
    • Rodriguez, J.C.1    Gil-Gomez, G.2    Hegardt, F.G.3    Haro, D.4
  • 147
    • 0028997684 scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the α isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene in mice results in abolishment of the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferators
    • Lee SS-T, Pineau T, Drago J et al.: Targeted disruption of the α isoform of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene in mice results in abolishment of the pleiotropic effects of peroxisome proliferators. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 3012-3022 (1995).
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.15 , pp. 3012-3022
    • Lee, S.S.-T.1    Pineau, T.2    Drago, J.3
  • 148
    • 0026756096 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element upstream of the gene encoding rat peroxisomal anoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
    • Zhang B, Marcus SL, Sajjadi FG et al.: Identification of a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element upstream of the gene encoding rat peroxisomal anoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 7541-7545 (1992).
    • (1992) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 7541-7545
    • Zhang, B.1    Marcus, S.L.2    Sajjadi, F.G.3
  • 149
    • 0034673531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) present at positions -681/-669 in the rat liver 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B gene functionally interacts differently with PPARα and HNF-4
    • Nicolas-Frances V, Dasari VK, Abruzzi E, Osumi T, Latruffe N: The peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) present at positions -681/-669 in the rat liver 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B gene functionally interacts differently with PPARα and HNF-4. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comunn. 269, 347-351 (2000).
    • (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comunn , vol.269 , pp. 347-351
    • Nicolas-Frances, V.1    Dasari, V.K.2    Abruzzi, E.3    Osumi, T.4    Latruffe, N.5
  • 150
    • 0028953133 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of DNA elements implicated in the regulation of CYP4A1 transcription
    • Aldridge TC, Tungwood JD, Green S: Identification and characterization of DNA elements implicated in the regulation of CYP4A1 transcription. Biochem. J. 306, 473-479 (1995).
    • (1995) Biochem. J , vol.306 , pp. 473-479
    • Aldridge, T.C.1    Tungwood, J.D.2    Green, S.3
  • 151
    • 0030766476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in lipoprotein metabolism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-deficient mice
    • Peters JM, Hennuyer N, Staels B et al.: Alterations in lipoprotein metabolism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-deficient mice. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 27307-27312 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem , vol.272 , pp. 27307-27312
    • Peters, J.M.1    Hennuyer, N.2    Staels, B.3
  • 152
    • 0032489437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα,)
    • Aoyama T, Peters JM, Iritani N et al.: Altered constitutive expression of fatty acid-metabolizing enzymes in mice lacking the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα,). J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5678-5684 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 5678-5684
    • Aoyama, T.1    Peters, J.M.2    Iritani, N.3
  • 153
    • 0032491614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-isoform deficiency leads to progressive dyslipidemia with sexually dimorphic obesity and steatosis
    • Costet P, Legerdre C, More J, Edger A, Galtier P, Pineau T: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-isoform deficiency leads to progressive dyslipidemia with sexually dimorphic obesity and steatosis. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 29577-29585 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 29577-29585
    • Costet, P.1    Legerdre, C.2    More, J.3    Edger, A.4    Galtier, P.5    Pineau, T.6
  • 154
    • 0026541591 scopus 로고
    • The mouse peroxisome, proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5′ flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene
    • Tugwood JD, Issemann I, Anderson RG, Bundell KR, McPheat WL, Green S: The mouse peroxisome, proliferator activated receptor recognizes a response element in the 5′ flanking sequence of the rat acyl CoA oxidase gene. EMBO J. 11, 433-439 (1992).
    • (1992) EMBO J , vol.11 , pp. 433-439
    • Tugwood, J.D.1    Issemann, I.2    Anderson, R.G.3    Bundell, K.R.4    McPheat, W.L.5    Green, S.6
  • 155
  • 156
    • 0033594980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders
    • Leone TC, Weinheimer CJ, Kelly DP: A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7473-7478 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 7473-7478
    • Leone, T.C.1    Weinheimer, C.J.2    Kelly, D.P.3
  • 157
    • 4644231528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptor signaling and cardiac energetics
    • Huss JM, Kelly DP: Nuclear receptor signaling and cardiac energetics. Circ. Res. 95, 568-578 (2004).
    • (2004) Circ. Res , vol.95 , pp. 568-578
    • Huss, J.M.1    Kelly, D.P.2
  • 159
    • 0016228177 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary fats and fatty acids on the liver lipid accumulation induced by feeding a protein-repletion diet containing fructose to protein-depleted rats
    • Aoyama Y, Yoshida A, Ashida K: Effect of dietary fats and fatty acids on the liver lipid accumulation induced by feeding a protein-repletion diet containing fructose to protein-depleted rats. J. Nutr. 104, 741-746 (1974).
    • (1974) J. Nutr , vol.104 , pp. 741-746
    • Aoyama, Y.1    Yoshida, A.2    Ashida, K.3
  • 160
    • 29744433021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consuming fructose-sweetened beverages increases body adiposity in mice
    • Jurgens H, Hass W, Castaneda TR et al.: Consuming fructose-sweetened beverages increases body adiposity in mice. Obes. Res. 13, 1146-1156 (2005).
    • (2005) Obes. Res , vol.13 , pp. 1146-1156
    • Jurgens, H.1    Hass, W.2    Castaneda, T.R.3
  • 162
    • 0842291584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dietary fructose induces a hepatic stress response resulting in cholesterol and lipid dysregulation
    • Kelley GL, Allan G, Azhar S: High dietary fructose induces a hepatic stress response resulting in cholesterol and lipid dysregulation. Endocrinology 145, 548-555 (2004).
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 548-555
    • Kelley, G.L.1    Allan, G.2    Azhar, S.3
  • 163
    • 22144481333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fructose selectively modulates c-jun N-terminal kinase activity and insulin signaling in rat primary hepatocytes
    • Wei Y, Wang D, Pagliassotti MJ: Fructose selectively modulates c-jun N-terminal kinase activity and insulin signaling in rat primary hepatocytes. J. Nutr. 135, 1642-1646 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Nutr , vol.135 , pp. 1642-1646
    • Wei, Y.1    Wang, D.2    Pagliassotti, M.J.3
  • 164
    • 15744394674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia
    • Basciano H, Federico L, Adeli K: Fructose, insulin resistance, and metabolic dyslipidemia. Nutr. Metab. (Lond.). 2, 5 (2005).
    • (2005) Nutr. Metab. (Lond.) , vol.2 , pp. 5
    • Basciano, H.1    Federico, L.2    Adeli, K.3
  • 165
    • 0034467428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR signaling in the control of cardiac energy metabolism
    • Berger PM, Kelly DP: PPAR signaling in the control of cardiac energy metabolism. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 10, 238-245 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Cardiovasc. Med , vol.10 , pp. 238-245
    • Berger, P.M.1    Kelly, D.P.2
  • 167
    • 0034698051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive regulation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α associated with age-dependent cardiac toxicity
    • Watanabe K, Fujii H, Takahashi T et al.: Constitutive regulation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α associated with age-dependent cardiac toxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 22293-22299 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , pp. 22293-22299
    • Watanabe, K.1    Fujii, H.2    Takahashi, T.3
  • 168
    • 0037040203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for PPARa° in the control of cardiac malonyl-CoA levels: Reduced fatty acid oxidation rates and increased glucose oxidation rates in the hearts of mice lacking PPARα are associated with higher concentrations of malonyl-CoA and reduced expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
    • Campbell FM, Kozak R, Wagner A et al.: A role for PPARa° in the control of cardiac malonyl-CoA levels: Reduced fatty acid oxidation rates and increased glucose oxidation rates in the hearts of mice lacking PPARα are associated with higher concentrations of malonyl-CoA and reduced expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 4098-4103 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 4098-4103
    • Campbell, F.M.1    Kozak, R.2    Wagner, A.3
  • 169
    • 0033594980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders
    • Leone TC, Weinheimer CJ, Kelly DP: A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the cellular fasting response: The PPARα-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 7473-7478 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 7473-7478
    • Leone, T.C.1    Weinheimer, C.J.2    Kelly, D.P.3
  • 170
    • 0036143320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac phenotype induced by PPARα overexpression mimics that caused by diabetes mellitus
    • Finck BN, Lehman JJ, Leone TC et al.: The cardiac phenotype induced by PPARα overexpression mimics that caused by diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Invest. 109, 121-130 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Invest , vol.109 , pp. 121-130
    • Finck, B.N.1    Lehman, J.J.2    Leone, T.C.3
  • 171
    • 0037417725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for PPARα-mediated lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: Modulation by dietary fat content
    • Finck BN, Han X, Courtois M et al.: A critical role for PPARα-mediated lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: Modulation by dietary fat content. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 1226-1231 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Finck, B.N.1    Han, X.2    Courtois, M.3
  • 172
    • 24144490615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac-specific overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α causes insulin resistance in heart and liver
    • Park S-Y, Cho Y-R, Fink BN et al.: Cardiac-specific overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α causes insulin resistance in heart and liver. Diabetes 54, 2514-2524 (2005).
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 2514-2524
    • Park, S.-Y.1    Cho, Y.-R.2    Fink, B.N.3
  • 173
    • 0033933236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α during cardiac hypertrophic growth
    • Barger PM, Brandt JM, Leone TC, Weinheimer CJ, Kelly DP: Deactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α during cardiac hypertrophic growth. J. Clin. Invest. 105, 1723-1730 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest , vol.105 , pp. 1723-1730
    • Barger, P.M.1    Brandt, J.M.2    Leone, T.C.3    Weinheimer, C.J.4    Kelly, D.P.5
  • 174
    • 0035976932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is associated with contractile dysfunction in hypertrophied rat heart
    • Young ME, Laws FA, Goodwin GW, Taegtmeyer H: Reactivation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is associated with contractile dysfunction in hypertrophied rat heart. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 44390-44395 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , pp. 44390-44395
    • Young, M.E.1    Laws, F.A.2    Goodwin, G.W.3    Taegtmeyer, H.4
  • 175
    • 34249279594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia inhibits the PPARα/RXR gene regulatory pathway in cardiac myocytes
    • Huss JM, Levy FH, Kelly DP: Hypoxia inhibits the PPARα/RXR gene regulatory pathway in cardiac myocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 44390-44395 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , pp. 44390-44395
    • Huss, J.M.1    Levy, F.H.2    Kelly, D.P.3
  • 176
    • 0035860177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia in vivo decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-regulated gene expression in rat heart
    • Razeghi P, Young ME, Abbasi S, Taegtmeyer H: Hypoxia in vivo decreases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-regulated gene expression in rat heart. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287, 5-10 (2001).
    • (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.287 , pp. 5-10
    • Razeghi, P.1    Young, M.E.2    Abbasi, S.3    Taegtmeyer, H.4
  • 177
    • 0037459356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPATs of the heart: There is a crowd
    • Kelley DP: PPATs of the heart: there is a crowd. Circ. Res. 92, 482-484 (2003).
    • (2003) Circ. Res , vol.92 , pp. 482-484
    • Kelley, D.P.1
  • 178
    • 0032479423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of putative fatty acid transport genes are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ activators in a tissue- and inducer-specific manner
    • Motojima K, Passilly P, Peters JM, Gonzalez FJ, Latruffe N: Expression of putative fatty acid transport genes are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ activators in a tissue- and inducer-specific manner. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16710-16714 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 16710-16714
    • Motojima, K.1    Passilly, P.2    Peters, J.M.3    Gonzalez, F.J.4    Latruffe, N.5
  • 179
    • 0036349314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenoviral overexpression of apolipoprotein A-V reduces serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in mice
    • van der Vliet HN, Schaap FG, Levels JH et al: Adenoviral overexpression of apolipoprotein A-V reduces serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295, 1156-1159 (2002).
    • (2002) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.295 , pp. 1156-1159
    • van der Vliet, H.N.1    Schaap, F.G.2    Levels, J.H.3
  • 180
    • 23244459004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of PPARα agonist increases serum apolipoprotein A-V levels and the apolipoprotein A-V/apolipoprotein C-III ratio
    • Schultze A, Alborn WE, Mewton RK, Konrad RJ: Administration of PPARα agonist increases serum apolipoprotein A-V levels and the apolipoprotein A-V/apolipoprotein C-III ratio. J. Lipid Res. 46, 1591-1595 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Lipid Res , vol.46 , pp. 1591-1595
    • Schultze, A.1    Alborn, W.E.2    Mewton, R.K.3    Konrad, R.J.4
  • 181
    • 28144436041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte nuclear factar-4α regulates the human apolipoprotem AV gene: Identification of a novel response element and involvement in the control by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1a, AMP-activated protein kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
    • Prieur X, Schapp FG, Coste H, Rodríguez JC: Hepatocyte nuclear factar-4α regulates the human apolipoprotem AV gene: Identification of a novel response element and involvement in the control by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1a, AMP-activated protein kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 3107-3125 (2005).
    • (2005) Mol. Endocrinol , vol.19 , pp. 3107-3125
    • Prieur, X.1    Schapp, F.G.2    Coste, H.3    Rodríguez, J.C.4
  • 183
    • 0032102146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fatty acid-dependent step is critically important for both glucose- and non-glucose-stimulated Insulin secretion
    • Dobbins RL, Chester MW, Stevenson BE, Daniels MB, Stein DT, McGarry JD: A fatty acid-dependent step is critically important for both glucose- and non-glucose-stimulated Insulin secretion. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 2370-2376 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Clin. Invest , vol.101 , pp. 2370-2376
    • Dobbins, R.L.1    Chester, M.W.2    Stevenson, B.E.3    Daniels, M.B.4    Stein, D.T.5    McGarry, J.D.6
  • 184
    • 0036311080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-cell mitochondria and insulin secretion: Messenger role of nucleotides and metabolites
    • Wollheim CB, Maechler P: β-cell mitochondria and insulin secretion: messenger role of nucleotides and metabolites. Diabetes 51(Suppl. 1), S37-S42 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Wollheim, C.B.1    Maechler, P.2
  • 185
    • 0142093526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells
    • Yaney GC, Corkey BE: Fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Diabetologia 46, 1297-1312 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , pp. 1297-1312
    • Yaney, G.C.1    Corkey, B.E.2
  • 186
    • 0842285629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
    • Sugden MC, Holmes MJ: Potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 53 (Suppl. 1), S71-S81 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Sugden, M.C.1    Holmes, M.J.2
  • 187
    • 0032555148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in disease of pancreatic β-cells
    • Zhou Y-T, Shimabukuro M, Wang M-Y et al.: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in disease of pancreatic β-cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 8898-8903 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 8898-8903
    • Zhou, Y.-T.1    Shimabukuro, M.2    Wang, M.-Y.3
  • 188
    • 0034680797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose down-regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1 gene in the pancreatic β-cell
    • Roduit R, Morin J, Massé F et al.: Glucose down-regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-1 gene in the pancreatic β-cell. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 35799-35806 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , pp. 35799-35806
    • Roduit, R.1    Morin, J.2    Massé, F.3
  • 189
    • 19944367869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic islet adaptation to fasting is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α transcription up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation
    • Gremlich S, Nolan C, Roduit R et al.: Pancreatic islet adaptation to fasting is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α transcription up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Endocrinology 146, 375-382 (2005).
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 375-382
    • Gremlich, S.1    Nolan, C.2    Roduit, R.3
  • 190
    • 23044478417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) potentiates, whereas PPARγ attenuates, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells
    • Ravnskjaer K, Boergesen M, Rubi B et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) potentiates, whereas PPARγ attenuates, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Endocrinology 146, 3266-3276 (2005).
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 3266-3276
    • Ravnskjaer, K.1    Boergesen, M.2    Rubi, B.3
  • 191
    • 0034595980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activators improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity
    • Guerre-Millo M, Gervois P, Raspe E et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activators improve insulin sensitivity and reduce adiposity. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 16638-16642 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , pp. 16638-16642
    • Guerre-Millo, M.1    Gervois, P.2    Raspe, E.3
  • 192
    • 0036606670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxiosme-proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) deficiency leads to dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by fatty acids and insulin
    • Sugden MC, Bulmer K, Gibbons GF, Knight BL, Holness MJ: Peroxiosme-proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) deficiency leads to dysregulation of hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism by fatty acids and insulin. Biochem. J. 364, 361-368 (2002).
    • (2002) Biochem. J , vol.364 , pp. 361-368
    • Sugden, M.C.1    Bulmer, K.2    Gibbons, G.F.3    Knight, B.L.4    Holness, M.J.5
  • 193
    • 0035141142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α activation lowers muscle lipids and improves insulin sensitivity in high fat-fed rats: Comparison with PPAR γ activation
    • Ye J-M, Doyle PJ, Iglesias MA, Watson DG, Cooney GJ, Kraegen EW: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α activation lowers muscle lipids and improves insulin sensitivity in high fat-fed rats: comparison with PPAR γ activation. Diabetes 50, 411-417 (2001).
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 411-417
    • Ye, J.-M.1    Doyle, P.J.2    Iglesias, M.A.3    Watson, D.G.4    Cooney, G.J.5    Kraegen, E.W.6
  • 194
    • 0037025390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WY14,643, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, improves hepatic and muscle steatosis and reverses insulin resistance in lipoatropic A-ZIP/F-1 mice
    • Chou CJ, Haluzik M, Gregory C et al.: WY14,643, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, improves hepatic and muscle steatosis and reverses insulin resistance in lipoatropic A-ZIP/F-1 mice. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 24484-24489 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 24484-24489
    • Chou, C.J.1    Haluzik, M.2    Gregory, C.3
  • 195
    • 0042822095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation prevents diabetes in OLETF rats: Comparison with PPAR-γ activation
    • Koh EH, Kim MS, Park JY et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation prevents diabetes in OLETF rats: comparison with PPAR-γ activation. Diabetes 52, 2331-2337 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 2331-2337
    • Koh, E.H.1    Kim, M.S.2    Park, J.Y.3
  • 196
    • 16644377741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family and its relationship to renal complications of the metabolic syndrome
    • Guan Y: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family and its relationship to renal complications of the metabolic syndrome. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15, 2801-2815 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol , vol.15 , pp. 2801-2815
    • Guan, Y.1
  • 197
    • 85047693466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential inhibition of macrophage foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis in mice by PPARα, β/δ, and γ
    • Li AC, Binder C, Gutierrez A et al.: Differential inhibition of macrophage foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis in mice by PPARα, β/δ, and γ. J. Clin. Invest. 114, 1564-1576 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Invest , vol.114 , pp. 1564-1576
    • Li, A.C.1    Binder, C.2    Gutierrez, A.3
  • 198
    • 33646192257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α selective ligand reduces adiposity, improves insulin sensitivity and inhibits atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice
    • Srivastava RA, Jahagirdar R, Azhar S, Sharma S, Bisgaier CL: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α selective ligand reduces adiposity, improves insulin sensitivity and inhibits atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 285, 35-50 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cell. Biochem , vol.285 , pp. 35-50
    • Srivastava, R.A.1    Jahagirdar, R.2    Azhar, S.3    Sharma, S.4    Bisgaier, C.L.5
  • 199
    • 0037225451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation during pregnancy attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin hypersecretion in vivo by increasing insulin sensitivity, without impairing pregnancy-induced increases in β-cell glucose sensing and responsiveness
    • Sugden MC, Greenwood GK, Smith ND, Holness MJ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation during pregnancy attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin hypersecretion in vivo by increasing insulin sensitivity, without impairing pregnancy-induced increases in β-cell glucose sensing and responsiveness. Endocrinology 144, 146-153 (2003).
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 146-153
    • Sugden, M.C.1    Greenwood, G.K.2    Smith, N.D.3    Holness, M.J.4
  • 200
    • 0141611975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors on inflammation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis
    • Plutzky J: The potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors on inflammation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Am. J. Cardiol. 92, 34-41 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.92 , pp. 34-41
    • Plutzky, J.1
  • 201
    • 24144461233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and aspects of insulin action
    • Bloomgarden ZT: Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and aspects of insulin action. Diabetes Care 28, 2312-2319 (2005).
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 2312-2319
    • Bloomgarden, Z.T.1
  • 202
    • 0034648768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atherosclerosis
    • Lusis AJ: Atherosclerosis. Nature 407, 233-241 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 233-241
    • Lusis, A.J.1
  • 203
    • 17644412023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease
    • Hansson GK: Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 1685-1695 (2005).
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.352 , pp. 1685-1695
    • Hansson, G.K.1
  • 204
    • 32944473282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear reTeptors in lipid metabolism: Targeting the heart of dyslipidemia
    • Beaven SW, Tontonoz P: Nuclear reTeptors in lipid metabolism: targeting the heart of dyslipidemia. Annu. Rev. Med. 57, 313-329 (2006).
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.57 , pp. 313-329
    • Beaven, S.W.1    Tontonoz, P.2
  • 205
    • 33644828263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, and atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes
    • Blaschke F, Takata Y, Caglayan E et al.: Obesity, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, and atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 26, 28-40 (2005).
    • (2005) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.26 , pp. 28-40
    • Blaschke, F.1    Takata, Y.2    Caglayan, E.3
  • 206
    • 0037071843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis
    • Skalen K, Gustafsson M, Rydberg EK et al.: Subendothelial retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in early atherosclerosis. Nature 417, 750-754 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 750-754
    • Skalen, K.1    Gustafsson, M.2    Rydberg, E.K.3
  • 207
    • 0032546485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in primary cultures of human vascular endothelial cells
    • Inoue I, Shino K, Awata T, Katayama S: Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in primary cultures of human vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 246, 370-374 (1998).
    • (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.246 , pp. 370-374
    • Inoue, I.1    Shino, K.2    Awata, T.3    Katayama, S.4
  • 208
    • 0032565868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of human aortic smooth-muscle cells is inhibited by PPARα but not by PPARγ activators
    • Staels B, Koening W, Habib A, Merval R, Lebret M, Torra IP: Activation of human aortic smooth-muscle cells is inhibited by PPARα but not by PPARγ activators. Nature 393, 790-793 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 790-793
    • Staels, B.1    Koening, W.2    Habib, A.3    Merval, R.4    Lebret, M.5    Torra, I.P.6
  • 209
    • 0032475922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of proliferator-activated receptor α and γ induces apoptosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages
    • Chinetti G, Griglio S, Antonucci M, Torra IP, Delerive P, Majd Z: Activation of proliferator-activated receptor α and γ induces apoptosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 25573-25580 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 25573-25580
    • Chinetti, G.1    Griglio, S.2    Antonucci, M.3    Torra, I.P.4    Delerive, P.5    Majd, Z.6
  • 210
    • 0034705071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CLA-1/SR-BI is expressed in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages and regulated by activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
    • Chinetti G, Gbaguidi FG, Griglio S, Mallat Z, Antonucci M, Poulain P: CLA-1/SR-BI is expressed in atherosclerotic lesion macrophages and regulated by activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Circulation 101, 2411-2417 (2000).
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2411-2417
    • Chinetti, G.1    Gbaguidi, F.G.2    Griglio, S.3    Mallat, Z.4    Antonucci, M.5    Poulain, P.6
  • 211
    • 0032827327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9-Cis retinoic acid induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion in human monocytic THP-1 cells
    • Zhu L, Bisgaier CL, Aviram M, Newton RS: 9-Cis retinoic acid induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19, 2105-2111 (1999).
    • (1999) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.19 , pp. 2105-2111
    • Zhu, L.1    Bisgaier, C.L.2    Aviram, M.3    Newton, R.S.4
  • 212
    • 0033520304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators inhibit thrombin-induced endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the activator protein-1 signaling pathway
    • Delerive P, Martin-Nizard F, Chinetti G et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators inhibit thrombin-induced endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the activator protein-1 signaling pathway. Circ. Res. 85, 394-402 (1999).
    • (1999) Circ. Res , vol.85 , pp. 394-402
    • Delerive, P.1    Martin-Nizard, F.2    Chinetti, G.3
  • 213
    • 0032847680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction
    • Jackson SM, Parhami F, Xi XP et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19, 2094-2104 (1999).
    • (1999) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.19 , pp. 2094-2104
    • Jackson, S.M.1    Parhami, F.2    Xi, X.P.3
  • 214
    • 0033594810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARα activators inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells
    • Marx N, Sukhova GK, Collins T, Libby P, Plutzky J: PPARα activators inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Circulation 99, 3125-3131 (1999).
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 3125-3131
    • Marx, N.1    Sukhova, G.K.2    Collins, T.3    Libby, P.4    Plutzky, J.5
  • 215
    • 0034614270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of PPARα or γ reduces secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 but not interleukin 8 from human monocytic THP-1 cells
    • Shu H, Wong B, Zhou G et al.: Activation of PPARα or γ reduces secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 but not interleukin 8 from human monocytic THP-1 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267, 345-349 (2000).
    • (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.267 , pp. 345-349
    • Shu, H.1    Wong, B.2    Zhou, G.3
  • 216
    • 0035138625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR-α and PPAR-γ activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway
    • Chinetti G, Lestavel S, Bocher V et al.: PPAR-α and PPAR-γ activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway. Nat. Med. 7, 53-58 (2001).
    • (2001) Nat. Med , vol.7 , pp. 53-58
    • Chinetti, G.1    Lestavel, S.2    Bocher, V.3
  • 217
    • 0035895313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARα agonists inhibit tissue factor expression in human monocytes and macrophages
    • Neve BP, Corseaux D, Chinetti G et al.: PPARα agonists inhibit tissue factor expression in human monocytes and macrophages. Circulation 103, 207-212 (2001).
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 207-212
    • Neve, B.P.1    Corseaux, D.2    Chinetti, G.3
  • 218
    • 0035895326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARα activators inhibit tissue factor expression and activity in human monocytes
    • Marx N, Mackman N, Schonbeck U et al.: PPARα activators inhibit tissue factor expression and activity in human monocytes. Circulation 103, 213-219 (2001).
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 213-219
    • Marx, N.1    Mackman, N.2    Schonbeck, U.3
  • 220
    • 0033527569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α negatively regulates the vascular inflammatory gene response by negative cross-talk with transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1
    • Delerive P, De Bosscher K, Besnard S, Vanden-Berghe W, Peters JM, Gonzalez FJ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α negatively regulates the vascular inflammatory gene response by negative cross-talk with transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 32048-32054 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem , vol.274 , pp. 32048-32054
    • Delerive, P.1    De Bosscher, K.2    Besnard, S.3    Vanden-Berghe, W.4    Peters, J.M.5    Gonzalez, F.J.6
  • 221
    • 0032484123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation modulates cellular redox status, represses nuclear factor-κB signaling, and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in aging
    • Poynter ME, Daynes RA: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α activation modulates cellular redox status, represses nuclear factor-κB signaling, and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in aging. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32833-32841 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 32833-32841
    • Poynter, M.E.1    Daynes, R.A.2
  • 222
    • 0031813989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fenofibrate on plasma cytokine concentrations in patients with atherosclerosis and hyperlipoproteinemia IIB
    • Madej A, Okopien B, Kowalski J, Zielinski M, Wysocki J, Szygula B: Effects of fenofibrate on plasma cytokine concentrations in patients with atherosclerosis and hyperlipoproteinemia IIB. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 36, 345-349 (1998).
    • (1998) Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther , vol.36 , pp. 345-349
    • Madej, A.1    Okopien, B.2    Kowalski, J.3    Zielinski, M.4    Wysocki, J.5    Szygula, B.6
  • 223
    • 11144355198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a agonists increase nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells
    • Goya K, Sumitani S, Xu X, Kitamura T, Yamamoto H, Kurebayashi S: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a agonists increase nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24, 658-663 (2004).
    • (2004) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol , vol.24 , pp. 658-663
    • Goya, K.1    Sumitani, S.2    Xu, X.3    Kitamura, T.4    Yamamoto, H.5    Kurebayashi, S.6
  • 224
    • 0029009534 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and vascular tone
    • Loscalzo J: Nitric oxide and vascular tone. N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 251-253 (1995).
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.333 , pp. 251-253
    • Loscalzo, J.1
  • 225
    • 0029159779 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines
    • De Caterina R, Libby P, Peng HB et al.: Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J. Clin. Invest. 96, 60-68 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Clin. Invest , vol.96 , pp. 60-68
    • De Caterina, R.1    Libby, P.2    Peng, H.B.3
  • 226
    • 10044223533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR- and LXR-dependent pathways controlling lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis
    • Li AC, Glass CG: PPAR- and LXR-dependent pathways controlling lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis. J. Lipid Res. 45, 2161-2173 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Lipid Res , vol.45 , pp. 2161-2173
    • Li, A.C.1    Glass, C.G.2
  • 228
    • 33745309774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in the regulation of acute inflammation
    • Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Di Paola R et al.: The role of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in the regulation of acute inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79, 999-1010 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.79 , pp. 999-1010
    • Cuzzocrea, S.1    Mazzon, E.2    Di Paola, R.3
  • 229
    • 0034744590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARα deficiency reduces insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in apoE-null mice
    • Tordjman K, Bernal-Mizrachi C, Zemany L et al.: PPARα deficiency reduces insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in apoE-null mice. J. Clin. Invest. 107, 1025-1034 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Invest , vol.107 , pp. 1025-1034
    • Tordjman, K.1    Bernal-Mizrachi, C.2    Zemany, L.3
  • 230
    • 0042568979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α against ciprofibrate severely aggravates hypercholesterolaemia and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein E
    • Fu T, Kashireddy P, Borensztajn J: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α against ciprofibrate severely aggravates hypercholesterolaemia and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Biochem. J. 373, 941-947 (2003).
    • (2003) Biochem. J , vol.373 , pp. 941-947
    • Fu, T.1    Kashireddy, P.2    Borensztajn, J.3
  • 231
    • 0035957006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by activation of the retinoid X receptor
    • Claudel T, Leibowitz MD, Fievet C et al.: Reduction of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by activation of the retinoid X receptor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 2610-2615 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 2610-2615
    • Claudel, T.1    Leibowitz, M.D.2    Fievet, C.3
  • 232
    • 2242436246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of atherosclerosis by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist fenofibrate in mice
    • Duez H, Chao YS, Hernandez G et al.: Reduction of atherosclerosis by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist fenofibrate in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 48051-48057 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 48051-48057
    • Duez, H.1    Chao, Y.S.2    Hernandez, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.