메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 163, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 427-436

The metabolic syndrome: Prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE; CAUCASIAN; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; IMMOBILIZATION; INCOME; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LIFESTYLE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; NEGRO; OBESITY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SOCIAL STATUS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0037463608     PISSN: 00039926     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.163.4.427     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1824)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0003775049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association
    • American Heart Association. 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 2000.
    • (2000) 2001 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update
  • 3
    • 0024160877 scopus 로고
    • Role of insulin resistance in human disease
    • Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37: 1595-1607.
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 1595-1607
    • Reaven, G.M.1
  • 5
    • 0033551397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome
    • Grundy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:25F-29F.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83
    • Grundy, S.M.1
  • 6
    • 0026021161 scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance: A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
    • DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:173-194.
    • (1991) Diabetes Care , vol.14 , pp. 173-194
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Ferrannini, E.2
  • 7
    • 0025780331 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia: The key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome
    • Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Mitchell, Stern MP. Hyperinsulinemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 1991;34:416-422.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 416-422
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Haffner, S.M.2    Mitchell3    Stern, M.P.4
  • 8
    • 0032442860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the multiple metabolic syndrome: An epidemiologic perspective
    • Liese AD, Mayer-Davis EJ, Haffner SM. Development of the multiple metabolic syndrome: an epidemiologic perspective. Epidemiol Rev. 1998;20:157-172.
    • (1998) Epidemiol Rev , vol.20 , pp. 157-172
    • Liese, A.D.1    Mayer-Davis, E.J.2    Haffner, S.M.3
  • 9
    • 0033824123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Pathogenic role of the metabolic syndrome and therapeutic implications
    • Abate N. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathogenic role of the metabolic syndrome and therapeutic implications. J Diabetes Complications. 2000;14:154-174.
    • (2000) J Diabetes Complications , vol.14 , pp. 154-174
    • Abate, N.1
  • 10
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285:2486-2496.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2486-2496
  • 11
    • 0037116641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287:356-359.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 356-359
    • Ford, E.S.1    Giles, W.H.2    Dietz, W.H.3
  • 12
    • 0028472436 scopus 로고
    • Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Vital Health Stat 1. 1994;32:1-407.
    • (1994) Vital Health Stat 1 , vol.32 , pp. 1-407
  • 13
    • 0034523939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will carbohydrate/low-fat diets reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?
    • Willett WC. Will carbohydrate/low-fat diets reduce the risk of coronary heart disease? Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2000;225:187-190.
    • (2000) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.225 , pp. 187-190
    • Willett, W.C.1
  • 14
    • 0035892980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food patterns and components of the metabolic syndrome in men and women: A cross-sectional study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort
    • Wirfält E, Hedblad B, Gullberg B, et al. Food patterns and components of the metabolic syndrome in men and women: a cross-sectional study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154:1150-1159.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol , vol.154 , pp. 1150-1159
    • Wirfält, E.1    Hedblad, B.2    Gullberg, B.3
  • 15
    • 0031710787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of insulin resistance in metabolic disorders: The Bruneck Study
    • Bonora E, Kiechl S, Willeit J, et al. Prevalence of insulin resistance in metabolic disorders: the Bruneck Study. Diabetes. 1998;47:1643-1649.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 1643-1649
    • Bonora, E.1    Kiechl, S.2    Willeit, J.3
  • 16
    • 0032974877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome among native Americans: The Intertribal Heart Project
    • Greenlund KJ, Rith-Najarian S, Valdez R, Croft JB, Casper ML. Prevalence and correlates of the insulin resistance syndrome among native Americans: the Intertribal Heart Project. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:441-447.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 441-447
    • Greenlund, K.J.1    Rith-Najarian, S.2    Valdez, R.3    Croft, J.B.4    Casper, M.L.5
  • 18
  • 20
    • 0031884286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity type and clustering of insulin resistance-associated cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men and women
    • Vanhala MJ, Pitkajarvi TK, Kumpusalo EA, Takala JK. Obesity type and clustering of insulin resistance-associated cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men and women. Int J Obes. 1998;22:369-374.
    • (1998) Int J Obes , vol.22 , pp. 369-374
    • Vanhala, M.J.1    Pitkajarvi, T.K.2    Kumpusalo, E.A.3    Takala, J.K.4
  • 22
    • 0033866998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal adiposity and clustering of multiple metabolic syndrome in White, Black and Hispanic Americans
    • Okosun IS, Liao Y, Rotimi CN, Prewitt TE, Cooper RS. Abdominal adiposity and clustering of multiple metabolic syndrome in White, Black and Hispanic Americans. Ann Epidemiol. 2000;10:263-270.
    • (2000) Ann Epidemiol , vol.10 , pp. 263-270
    • Okosun, I.S.1    Liao, Y.2    Rotimi, C.N.3    Prewitt, T.E.4    Cooper, R.S.5
  • 23
    • 0022976757 scopus 로고
    • Upper body and centralized adiposity in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: Relationship to body mass index and other behavioral and demographic variables
    • Haffner SM, Stern MP, Hazuda HP, Pugh JA, Patterson JK, Malina RM. Upper body and centralized adiposity in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites: relationship to body mass index and other behavioral and demographic variables. Int J Obes. 1986;10:493-502.
    • (1986) Int J Obes , vol.10 , pp. 493-502
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Stern, M.P.2    Hazuda, H.P.3    Pugh, J.A.4    Patterson, J.K.5    Malina, R.M.6
  • 24
    • 0030013917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
    • Haffner SM, D'Agostino R Jr, Saad MF, et al. Increased insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic African-Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes. 1996; 45:742-748.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 742-748
    • Haffner, S.M.1    D'Agostino R., Jr.2    Saad, M.F.3
  • 25
    • 0029907824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity and abdominal obesity in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women: The Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study
    • Karter AJ, Mayer-Davis EJ, Selby JV, et al. Insulin sensitivity and abdominal obesity in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women: the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes. 1996;45:1547-1555.
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 1547-1555
    • Karter, A.J.1    Mayer-Davis, E.J.2    Selby, J.V.3
  • 26
    • 0025728482 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease in the United States: An epidemiologic overview
    • Saunders E, ed. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co Publishers
    • Gillum RF. Cardiovascular disease in the United States: an epidemiologic overview. In: Saunders E, ed. Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co Publishers; 1991:3-16.
    • (1991) Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks , pp. 3-16
    • Gillum, R.F.1
  • 27
    • 0025129749 scopus 로고
    • Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in black and white Americans
    • Harris MI. Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in black and white Americans. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1990;6:71-90.
    • (1990) Diabetes Metab Rev , vol.6 , pp. 71-90
    • Harris, M.I.1
  • 28
    • 0034600265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American and white adults
    • Brancati FL, Linda Kao WH, Folsom AR, Watson RL, Szklo M. Incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American and white adults. JAMA. 2000;283:2253-2259.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 2253-2259
    • Brancati, F.L.1    Linda Kao, W.H.2    Folsom, A.R.3    Watson, R.L.4    Szklo, M.5
  • 30
    • 0026069023 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the relation between blood pressure and insulin resistance
    • Saad MF, Lillioja S, Nyomba BL, et al. Racial differences in the relation between blood pressure and insulin resistance. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:733-739.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 733-739
    • Saad, M.F.1    Lillioja, S.2    Nyomba, B.L.3
  • 31
    • 0027309493 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and body fat on insulin resistance in healthy men
    • Boden G, Chen X, DeSantis RA, Kendrick Z. Effects of age and body fat on insulin resistance in healthy men. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:728-733.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 728-733
    • Boden, G.1    Chen, X.2    DeSantis, R.A.3    Kendrick, Z.4
  • 32
    • 0031944785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited
    • Ruderman N, Chisholm D, Pi-Sunyer X, Schneider S. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes. 1998;47:699-713.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 699-713
    • Ruderman, N.1    Chisholm, D.2    Pi-Sunyer, X.3    Schneider, S.4
  • 34
    • 0030961314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged hypertensive Finnish men and women
    • Vanhala MJ, Kumpusalo EA, Pitkajarvi TK, Notkola IL, Takala JK. Hyperinsulinemia and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged hypertensive Finnish men and women. J Hypertens. 1997;15:475-481.
    • (1997) J Hypertens , vol.15 , pp. 475-481
    • Vanhala, M.J.1    Kumpusalo, E.A.2    Pitkajarvi, T.K.3    Notkola, I.L.4    Takala, J.K.5
  • 35
    • 0026638655 scopus 로고
    • Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prehypertensive individuals
    • Haffner SM, Ferrannini E, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prehypertensive individuals. Hypertension. 1992;20:38-45.
    • (1992) Hypertension , vol.20 , pp. 38-45
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Ferrannini, E.2    Hazuda, H.P.3    Stern, M.P.4
  • 36
    • 0028818780 scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: Prevalence study in a random sample
    • Han TS, Leer EM, Seidell JC, Lean MEJ. Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in a random sample. BMJ. 1995;311:1401-1405.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.311 , pp. 1401-1405
    • Han, T.S.1    Leer, E.M.2    Seidell, J.C.3    Lean, M.E.J.4
  • 37
    • 0028299585 scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: Best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women
    • Pouliot MC, Despres JP, Lemieux S, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:460-468.
    • (1994) Am J Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 460-468
    • Pouliot, M.C.1    Despres, J.P.2    Lemieux, S.3
  • 38
    • 0026537975 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: Relationship with anthropometric variables
    • Ross R, Léger L, Morris D, de Guise J, Guardo R. Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables. J Appl Physiol. 1992; 72:787-795.
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.72 , pp. 787-795
    • Ross, R.1    Léger, L.2    Morris, D.3    De Guise, J.4    Guardo, R.5
  • 39
    • 0030637612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waist circumference as the best predictor of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) compared to body mass index, waist/hip ratio over other anthropometric measurements in Mexican Americans: A 7-year prospective study
    • Wei M, Caskill SP, Haffner SM, Stern MP. Waist circumference as the best predictor of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) compared to body mass index, waist/hip ratio over other anthropometric measurements in Mexican Americans: a 7-year prospective study. Obes Res. 1997;5:16-23.
    • (1997) Obes Res , vol.5 , pp. 16-23
    • Wei, M.1    Caskill, S.P.2    Haffner, S.M.3    Stern, M.P.4
  • 41
    • 0029166439 scopus 로고
    • Social class, health behaviors, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland
    • Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J, Uutela A, Vartiainen E, Nissinen A. Social class, health behaviors, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland. BMJ. 1995; 311:589-593.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.311 , pp. 589-593
    • Pekkanen, J.1    Tuomilehto, J.2    Uutela, A.3    Vartiainen, E.4    Nissinen, A.5
  • 42
    • 0032495664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: Contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT
    • Davey Smith G, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, Stamler R, Stamler J. Mortality differences between black and white men in the USA: contribution of income and other risk factors among men screened for the MRFIT. Lancet. 1998;351:934-939.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 934-939
    • Davey Smith, G.1    Neaton, J.D.2    Wentworth, D.3    Stamler, R.4    Stamler, J.5
  • 43
    • 0027376801 scopus 로고
    • Socieconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature
    • Kaplan GA, Kell JE. Socieconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: a review of the literature. Circulation. 1993;88:1973-1998.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1973-1998
    • Kaplan, G.A.1    Kell, J.E.2
  • 44
    • 0023939767 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease and level of education: The Tromso Heart Study
    • Jacobsen BK, Thelle DS. Risk factors for coronary heart disease and level of education: the Tromso Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;127:923-932.
    • (1988) Am J Epidemiol , vol.127 , pp. 923-932
    • Jacobsen, B.K.1    Thelle, D.S.2
  • 45
    • 0029883953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in relation to educational level in 36,000 men and women in the Netherlands
    • Hoeymans N, Smit HA, Verkleij H, Kromhout D. Cardiovascular risk factors in relation to educational level in 36,000 men and women in the Netherlands. Eur Heart J. 1996;17:518-524.
    • (1996) Eur Heart J , vol.17 , pp. 518-524
    • Hoeymans, N.1    Smit, H.A.2    Verkleij, H.3    Kromhout, D.4
  • 46
    • 17644433358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults
    • Choinniere R, Lafontaine P, Edwards AC. Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults. CMAJ. 2000;162 (suppl):S13-S24.
    • (2000) CMAJ , vol.162 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Choinniere, R.1    Lafontaine, P.2    Edwards, A.C.3
  • 47
    • 0030776108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social inequality in coronary risk: Central obesity and the metabolic syndrome: Evidence from the Whitehall II Study
    • Brunner EJ, Marmot MG, Nanchahal K, et al. Social inequality in coronary risk: central obesity and the metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Whitehall II Study. Diabetologia. 1997;40:1341-1349.
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , pp. 1341-1349
    • Brunner, E.J.1    Marmot, M.G.2    Nanchahal, K.3
  • 48
    • 0030059511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus, race, and socioeconomic status: A population-based study
    • Brancati FL, Whelton, PK, Kuller LH, Klag MJ. Diabetes mellitus, race, and socioeconomic status: a population-based study. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6:67-73.
    • (1996) Ann Epidemiol , vol.6 , pp. 67-73
    • Brancati, F.L.1    Whelton, P.K.2    Kuller, L.H.3    Klag, M.J.4
  • 49
    • 0031048463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle-aged men
    • Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L. Physical activity protects against coronary death and deaths from all causes in middle-aged men. Ann Epidemiol. 1997;7:69-75.
    • (1997) Ann Epidemiol , vol.7 , pp. 69-75
    • Rosengren, A.1    Wilhelmsen, L.2
  • 50
    • 0027477916 scopus 로고
    • Smoking induces insulin resistance: A potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome
    • Attvall S, Fowelin J, Lager I, Von Schenck H, Smith U. Smoking induces insulin resistance: a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome. J Intern Med. 1993;233:327-332.
    • (1993) J Intern Med , vol.233 , pp. 327-332
    • Attvall, S.1    Fowelin, J.2    Lager, I.3    Von Schenck, H.4    Smith, U.5
  • 52
    • 0029067179 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of alcohol intake with blood pressure in young adults
    • Gillman MW, Cook NR, Evans DA, et al. Relationship of alcohol intake with blood pressure in young adults. Hypertension. 1995;25:1106-1110.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , pp. 1106-1110
    • Gillman, M.W.1    Cook, N.R.2    Evans, D.A.3
  • 53
    • 0027378834 scopus 로고
    • Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subtractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction
    • Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Breslow JL, et al. Moderate alcohol intake, increased levels of high-density lipoprotein and its subtractions, and decreased risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1829-1831.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1829-1831
    • Gaziano, J.M.1    Buring, J.E.2    Breslow, J.L.3
  • 54
    • 0035114477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women
    • Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73:560-566.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.73 , pp. 560-566
    • Liu, S.1    Manson, J.E.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 55
    • 0003782153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996.
    • (1996) Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health
  • 57
    • 0027972885 scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake patterns and socio-demographic factors in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
    • Shimakawa T, Sorlie P, Carpenter MA, et al. Dietary intake patterns and socio-demographic factors in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Prev Med. 1994;23:769-780.
    • (1994) Prev Med , vol.23 , pp. 769-780
    • Shimakawa, T.1    Sorlie, P.2    Carpenter, M.A.3
  • 58
    • 0025878763 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient intake of different social-class groups: Results from the Scottish Heart Health Study
    • Bolton-Smith C, Smith WC, Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Nutrient intake of different social-class groups: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. Br J Nutr. 1991;65:321-335.
    • (1991) Br J Nutr , vol.65 , pp. 321-335
    • Bolton-Smith, C.1    Smith, W.C.2    Woodward, M.3    Tunstall-Pedoe, H.4
  • 59
    • 0035799806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1343-1350.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Tuomilehto, J.1    Lindstrom, J.2    Eriksson, J.G.3
  • 60
    • 0030935652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Pan X-R, Cao H-B, Li G-W, et al. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:537-544.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 537-544
    • Pan, X.-R.1    Cao, H.-B.2    Li, G.-W.3
  • 61
    • 0035856017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women
    • Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, et al. Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:790-797.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 790-797
    • Hu, F.B.1    Manson, J.E.2    Stampfer, M.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.