메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 429, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 177-191

Deciphering, Communicating, and Engineering the CRISPR PAM

Author keywords

Cas9; Cpf1; CRISPR Cas systems; PFS; rPAM

Indexed keywords

CELLULAR APOPTOSIS SUSCEPTIBILITY PROTEIN; DNA; GUIDE RNA; BACTERIAL DNA; RNA;

EID: 85008608260     PISSN: 00222836     EISSN: 10898638     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.024     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (139)

References (89)
  • 2
    • 84913594397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR–Cas9
    • [2] Doudna, J.A., Charpentier, E., The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR–Cas9. Science, 346, 2014, 1258096, 10.1126/science.1258096.
    • (2014) Science , vol.346 , pp. 1258096
    • Doudna, J.A.1    Charpentier, E.2
  • 3
    • 84902096048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and applications of CRISPR–Cas9 for genome engineering
    • [3] Hsu, P.D., Lander, E.S., Zhang, F., Development and applications of CRISPR–Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell 157 (2014), 1262–1278, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010.
    • (2014) Cell , vol.157 , pp. 1262-1278
    • Hsu, P.D.1    Lander, E.S.2    Zhang, F.3
  • 4
    • 84902533278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling the structural and mechanistic basis of CRISPR–Cas systems
    • [4] van der Oost, J., Westra, E.R., Jackson, R.N., Wiedenheft, B., Unravelling the structural and mechanistic basis of CRISPR–Cas systems. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12 (2014), 479–492, 10.1038/nrmicro3279.
    • (2014) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.12 , pp. 479-492
    • van der Oost, J.1    Westra, E.R.2    Jackson, R.N.3    Wiedenheft, B.4
  • 5
    • 84986898390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond
    • [5] Barrangou, R., Doudna, J.A., Applications of CRISPR technologies in research and beyond. Nat. Biotechnol. 34 (2016), 933–941, 10.1038/nbt.3659.
    • (2016) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.34 , pp. 933-941
    • Barrangou, R.1    Doudna, J.A.2
  • 8
    • 84887830251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of gene expression by CRISPR–Cas systems
    • [8] Bikard, D., Marraffini, L.A., Control of gene expression by CRISPR–Cas systems. F1000Prime Rep., 5(47), 2013, 10.12703/p5–47.
    • (2013) F1000Prime Rep. , vol.5 , Issue.47
    • Bikard, D.1    Marraffini, L.A.2
  • 9
    • 84865070369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity
    • [9] Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J.A., Charpentier, E., A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science 337 (2012), 816–822, 10.1126/science.1225829.
    • (2012) Science , vol.337 , pp. 816-822
    • Jinek, M.1    Chylinski, K.2    Fonfara, I.3    Hauer, M.4    Doudna, J.A.5    Charpentier, E.6
  • 10
    • 84941084492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repurposing endogenous type I CRISPR–Cas systems for programmable gene repression
    • [10] Luo, M.L., Mullis, A.S., Leenay, R.T., Beisel, C.L., Repurposing endogenous type I CRISPR–Cas systems for programmable gene repression. Nucleic Acids Res. 43 (2014), 674–681, 10.1093/nar/gku971.
    • (2014) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.43 , pp. 674-681
    • Luo, M.L.1    Mullis, A.S.2    Leenay, R.T.3    Beisel, C.L.4
  • 11
    • 84924410016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concerning RNA-guided gene drives for the alteration of wild populations
    • [11] Esvelt, K.M., Smidler, A.L., Catteruccia, F., Church, G.M., Concerning RNA-guided gene drives for the alteration of wild populations. Elife, 2014, e03401, 10.7554/eLife.03401.
    • (2014) Elife , pp. e03401
    • Esvelt, K.M.1    Smidler, A.L.2    Catteruccia, F.3    Church, G.M.4
  • 14
    • 84903362877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmable removal of bacterial strains by use of genome-targeting CRISPR–Cas systems
    • [14] Gomaa, A.A., Klumpe, H.E., Luo, M.L., Selle, K., Barrangou, R., Beisel, C., Programmable removal of bacterial strains by use of genome-targeting CRISPR–Cas systems. MBio, 5, 2014, e00928-13, 10.1128/mBio.00928–13.
    • (2014) MBio , vol.5 , pp. e00928-13
    • Gomaa, A.A.1    Klumpe, H.E.2    Luo, M.L.3    Selle, K.4    Barrangou, R.5    Beisel, C.6
  • 15
    • 84920389030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization of specific DNA sequences in living mouse embryonic stem cells with a programmable fluorescent CRISPR/Cas system
    • [15] Anton, T., Bultmann, S., Leonhardt, H., Markaki, Y., Visualization of specific DNA sequences in living mouse embryonic stem cells with a programmable fluorescent CRISPR/Cas system. Nucleus 5 (2014), 163–172, 10.4161/nucl.28488.
    • (2014) Nucleus , vol.5 , pp. 163-172
    • Anton, T.1    Bultmann, S.2    Leonhardt, H.3    Markaki, Y.4
  • 17
    • 84982855973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR–Cas systems
    • [17] Mohanraju, P., Makarova, K.S., Zetsche, B., Zhang, F., Koonin, E.V., Van der Oost, J., Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR–Cas systems. Science, 353, 2016, aad5147, 10.1126/science.aad5147.
    • (2016) Science , vol.353 , pp. aad5147
    • Mohanraju, P.1    Makarova, K.S.2    Zetsche, B.3    Zhang, F.4    Koonin, E.V.5    Van der Oost, J.6
  • 20
    • 84949641392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future prospects for CRISPR-based tools in bacteria
    • [20] Luo, M.L., Leenay, R.T., Beisel, C.L., Current and future prospects for CRISPR-based tools in bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 113 (2016), 930–943, 10.1002/bit.25851.
    • (2016) Biotechnol. Bioeng. , vol.113 , pp. 930-943
    • Luo, M.L.1    Leenay, R.T.2    Beisel, C.L.3
  • 23
    • 64049118040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system
    • [23] Mojica, F.J.M., Diez-Villasenor, C., Garcia-Martinez, J., Almendros, C., Short motif sequences determine the targets of the prokaryotic CRISPR defence system. Microbiology 155 (2009), 733–740, 10.1099/mic.0.023960-0.
    • (2009) Microbiology , vol.155 , pp. 733-740
    • Mojica, F.J.M.1    Diez-Villasenor, C.2    Garcia-Martinez, J.3    Almendros, C.4
  • 25
    • 84866859751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cas9–crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria
    • [25] Gasiunas, G., Barrangou, R., Horvath, P., Siksnys, V., Cas9–crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109 (2012), E2579–E2586, 10.1073/pnas.1208507109.
    • (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.109 , pp. E2579-E2586
    • Gasiunas, G.1    Barrangou, R.2    Horvath, P.3    Siksnys, V.4
  • 27
    • 84876567971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells
    • [27] Jinek, M., East, A., Cheng, A., Lin, S., Ma, E., Doudna, J., RNA-programmed genome editing in human cells. Elife., 2013, 2013, e00471, 10.7554/eLife.00471.
    • (2013) Elife. , vol.2013 , pp. e00471
    • Jinek, M.1    East, A.2    Cheng, A.3    Lin, S.4    Ma, E.5    Doudna, J.6
  • 30
    • 16444385662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements
    • [30] Mojica, F.J.M., Díez-Villaseñor, C., García-Martínez, J., Soria, E., Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements. J. Mol. Evol. 60 (2005), 174–182, 10.1007/s00239-004-0046-3.
    • (2005) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.60 , pp. 174-182
    • Mojica, F.J.M.1    Díez-Villaseñor, C.2    García-Martínez, J.3    Soria, E.4
  • 31
    • 0036267740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes
    • [31] Jansen, R., Van Embden, J.D.A., Gaastra, W., Schouls, L.M., Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes. Mol. Microbiol. 43 (2002), 1565–1575, 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02839.x.
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 1565-1575
    • Jansen, R.1    Van Embden, J.D.A.2    Gaastra, W.3    Schouls, L.M.4
  • 32
    • 23844505202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin
    • [32] Bolotin, A., Quinquis, B., Sorokin, A., Dusko Ehrlich, S., Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin. Microbiology 151 (2005), 2551–2561, 10.1099/mic.0.28048-0.
    • (2005) Microbiology , vol.151 , pp. 2551-2561
    • Bolotin, A.1    Quinquis, B.2    Sorokin, A.3    Dusko Ehrlich, S.4
  • 33
    • 58049191229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cas6 is an endoribonuclease that generates guide RNAs for invader defense in prokaryotes
    • [33] Carte, J., Wang, R., Li, H., Terns, R.M., Terns, M.P., Cas6 is an endoribonuclease that generates guide RNAs for invader defense in prokaryotes. Genes Dev. 22 (2008), 3489–3496, 10.1101/gad.1742908.
    • (2008) Genes Dev. , vol.22 , pp. 3489-3496
    • Carte, J.1    Wang, R.2    Li, H.3    Terns, R.M.4    Terns, M.P.5
  • 35
    • 79953250082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III
    • [35] Deltcheva, E., Chylinski, K., Sharma, C.M., Gonzales, K., CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature 471 (2011), 602–607, 10.1038/nature09886.CRISPR.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.471 , pp. 602-607
    • Deltcheva, E.1    Chylinski, K.2    Sharma, C.M.3    Gonzales, K.4
  • 38
    • 84902095351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR–Cas systems
    • [38] Chylinski, K., Makarova, K.S., Charpentier, E., Koonin, E.V., Classification and evolution of type II CRISPR–Cas systems. Nucleic Acids Res. 42 (2014), 6091–6105, 10.1093/nar/gku241.
    • (2014) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.42 , pp. 6091-6105
    • Chylinski, K.1    Makarova, K.S.2    Charpentier, E.3    Koonin, E.V.4
  • 40
    • 84958965794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipartite recognition of target RNAs activates DNA cleavage by the type III-B CRISPR–Cas system
    • [40] Elmore, J.R., Sheppard, N.F., Ramia, N., Deighan, T., Li, H., Terns, R.M., Terns, M.P., Bipartite recognition of target RNAs activates DNA cleavage by the type III-B CRISPR–Cas system. Genes Dev. 30 (2016), 447–459, 10.1101/gad.272153.115.
    • (2016) Genes Dev. , vol.30 , pp. 447-459
    • Elmore, J.R.1    Sheppard, N.F.2    Ramia, N.3    Deighan, T.4    Li, H.5    Terns, R.M.6    Terns, M.P.7
  • 41
    • 75749118174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity
    • [41] Marraffini, L.A., Sontheimer, E.J., Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity. Nature 463 (2010), 568–571, 10.1038/nature08703.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 568-571
    • Marraffini, L.A.1    Sontheimer, E.J.2
  • 43
    • 84907204893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of a CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex bound to a ssDNA target
    • [43] Mulepati, S., Héroux, A., Bailey, S., Crystal structure of a CRISPR RNA-guided surveillance complex bound to a ssDNA target. Science 345 (2014), 1479–1484, 10.1126/science.1256996.
    • (2014) Science , vol.345 , pp. 1479-1484
    • Mulepati, S.1    Héroux, A.2    Bailey, S.3
  • 46
    • 84908508061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the Cas9 endonuclease
    • [46] Anders, C., Niewoehner, O., Duerst, A., Jinek, M., Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the Cas9 endonuclease. Nature 513 (2014), 569–573, 10.1038/nature13579.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.513 , pp. 569-573
    • Anders, C.1    Niewoehner, O.2    Duerst, A.3    Jinek, M.4
  • 47
    • 84895871173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9
    • [47] Sternberg, S.H., Redding, S., Jinek, M., Greene, E.C., Doudna, J., DNA interrogation by the CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9. Nature 507 (2014), 62–67, 10.1038/nature13011.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.507 , pp. 62-67
    • Sternberg, S.H.1    Redding, S.2    Jinek, M.3    Greene, E.C.4    Doudna, J.5
  • 48
    • 84883338164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA motifs determining the efficiency of adaptation into the Escherichia coli CRISPR array
    • [48] Yosef, I., Shitrit, D., Goren, M.G., Burstein, D., Pupko, T., Qimron, U., DNA motifs determining the efficiency of adaptation into the Escherichia coli CRISPR array. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110 (2013), 14396–14401, 10.1073/pnas.1300108110.
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.110 , pp. 14396-14401
    • Yosef, I.1    Shitrit, D.2    Goren, M.G.3    Burstein, D.4    Pupko, T.5    Qimron, U.6
  • 49
    • 84879021475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput analysis of type I-E CRISPR/Cas spacer acquisition in E. coli
    • [49] Savitskaya, E., Semenova, E., Dedkov, V., Metlitskaya, A., Severinov, K., High-throughput analysis of type I-E CRISPR/Cas spacer acquisition in E. coli. RNA Biol. 10 (2013), 716–725, 10.4161/rna.24325.
    • (2013) RNA Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 716-725
    • Savitskaya, E.1    Semenova, E.2    Dedkov, V.3    Metlitskaya, A.4    Severinov, K.5
  • 50
    • 84928473578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPR adaptation biases explain preference for acquisition of foreign DNA
    • [50] Levy, A., Goren, M.G., Yosef, I., Auster, O., Manor, M., Amitai, G., Edgar, R., Qimron, U., Sorek, R., CRISPR adaptation biases explain preference for acquisition of foreign DNA. Nature 520 (2015), 505–510, 10.1038/nature14302.
    • (2015) Nature , vol.520 , pp. 505-510
    • Levy, A.1    Goren, M.G.2    Yosef, I.3    Auster, O.4    Manor, M.5    Amitai, G.6    Edgar, R.7    Qimron, U.8    Sorek, R.9
  • 51
  • 52
    • 84922998282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cas9 function and host genome sampling in type II-A CRISPR–cas adaptation
    • [52] Wei, Y., Terns, R.M., Terns, M.P., Terns, M.P., Terns, M.P., Cas9 function and host genome sampling in type II-A CRISPR–cas adaptation. Genes Dev. 29 (2015), 356–361, 10.1101/gad.257550.114.
    • (2015) Genes Dev. , vol.29 , pp. 356-361
    • Wei, Y.1    Terns, R.M.2    Terns, M.P.3    Terns, M.P.4    Terns, M.P.5
  • 55
    • 84995642200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformational control of Cascade interference and priming activities in CRISPR immunity
    • [55] Xue, C., Whitis, N.R., Sashital, D.G., Xue, C., Whitis, N.R., Sashital, D.G., Conformational control of Cascade interference and priming activities in CRISPR immunity. Mol. Cell 64 (2016), 826–834, 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.033.
    • (2016) Mol. Cell , vol.64 , pp. 826-834
    • Xue, C.1    Whitis, N.R.2    Sashital, D.G.3    Xue, C.4    Whitis, N.R.5    Sashital, D.G.6
  • 56
    • 84883803197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Right of admission reserved, no matter the path
    • [56] Mojica, F.J.M., Díez-Villaseñor, C., Right of admission reserved, no matter the path. Trends Microbiol. 21 (2013), 446–448, 10.1016/j.tim.2013.06.003.
    • (2013) Trends Microbiol. , vol.21 , pp. 446-448
    • Mojica, F.J.M.1    Díez-Villaseñor, C.2
  • 57
    • 84879026965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity
    • [57] Shah, S., Erdmann, S., Mojica, F., Garrett, R., Protospacer recognition motifs: mixed identities and functional diversity. RNA Biol. 10 (2013), 891–899, 10.4161/rna.23764.
    • (2013) RNA Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 891-899
    • Shah, S.1    Erdmann, S.2    Mojica, F.3    Garrett, R.4
  • 59
    • 84956770932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA targeting by the type I-G and type I-A CRISPR–Cas systems of Pyrococcus furiosus
    • (gkv1140)
    • [59] Elmore, J., Deighan, T., Westpheling, J., Terns, R.M., Terns, M.P., DNA targeting by the type I-G and type I-A CRISPR–Cas systems of Pyrococcus furiosus. Nucleic Acids Res., 43, 2015, 10353–10363, 10.1093/nar/gkv1140 (gkv1140).
    • (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.43 , pp. 10353-10363
    • Elmore, J.1    Deighan, T.2    Westpheling, J.3    Terns, R.M.4    Terns, M.P.5
  • 60
    • 84874608929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR–Cas systems
    • [60] Jiang, W., Bikard, D., Cox, D., Zhang, F., Marraffini, L.A., RNA-guided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR–Cas systems. Nat. Biotechnol. 31 (2013), 233–239, 10.1038/nbt.2508.
    • (2013) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.31 , pp. 233-239
    • Jiang, W.1    Bikard, D.2    Cox, D.3    Zhang, F.4    Marraffini, L.A.5
  • 61
    • 84887104139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orthogonal Cas9 proteins for RNA-guided gene regulation and editing
    • [61] Esvelt, K.M., Mali, P., Braff, J.L., Moosburner, M., Yaung, S.J., Church, G.M., Orthogonal Cas9 proteins for RNA-guided gene regulation and editing. Nat. Methods 10 (2013), 1116–1121, 10.1038/nmeth.2681.
    • (2013) Nat. Methods , vol.10 , pp. 1116-1121
    • Esvelt, K.M.1    Mali, P.2    Braff, J.L.3    Moosburner, M.4    Yaung, S.J.5    Church, G.M.6
  • 63
    • 84884687531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I-E CRISPR–Cas systems discriminate target from non-target DNA through base pairing-independent PAM recognition
    • [63] Westra, E.R., Semenova, E., Datsenko, K.A., Jackson, R.N., Wiedenheft, B., Severinov, K., Brouns, S.J.J., Type I-E CRISPR–Cas systems discriminate target from non-target DNA through base pairing-independent PAM recognition. PLoS Genet., 9, 2013, e1003742, 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003742.
    • (2013) PLoS Genet. , vol.9
    • Westra, E.R.1    Semenova, E.2    Datsenko, K.A.3    Jackson, R.N.4    Wiedenheft, B.5    Severinov, K.6    Brouns, S.J.J.7
  • 67
    • 84879014174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRISPRTarget: Bioinformatic prediction and analysis of crRNA targets
    • [67] Biswas, A., Gagnon, J.N., Brouns, S.J.J., Fineran, P.C., Brown, C.M., CRISPRTarget: Bioinformatic prediction and analysis of crRNA targets. RNA Biol. 10 (2013), 817–827, 10.4161/rna.24046.
    • (2013) RNA Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 817-827
    • Biswas, A.1    Gagnon, J.N.2    Brouns, S.J.J.3    Fineran, P.C.4    Brown, C.M.5
  • 68
    • 84975270845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular recordings by directed CRISPR spacer acquisition
    • [68] Shipman, S.L., Shipman, S.L., Nivala, J., Macklis, J.D., Church, G.M., Molecular recordings by directed CRISPR spacer acquisition. Science, 1175, 2016, aaf1175, 10.1126/science.aaf1175.
    • (2016) Science , vol.1175
    • Shipman, S.L.1    Shipman, S.L.2    Nivala, J.3    Macklis, J.D.4    Church, G.M.5
  • 70
    • 84884155038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity
    • [70] Pattanayak, V., Lin, S., Guilinger, J.P., Ma, E., Doudna, J.A., Liu, D.R., High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity. Nat. Biotechnol. 31 (2013), 839–843, 10.1038/nbt.2673.
    • (2013) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.31 , pp. 839-843
    • Pattanayak, V.1    Lin, S.2    Guilinger, J.P.3    Ma, E.4    Doudna, J.A.5    Liu, D.R.6
  • 71
    • 84947730555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid characterization of CRISPR–Cas9 protospacer adjacent motif sequence elements
    • [71] Karvelis, T., Gasiunas, G., Young, J., Bigelyte, G., Silanskas, A., Cigan, M., Siksnys, V., Rapid characterization of CRISPR–Cas9 protospacer adjacent motif sequence elements. Genome Biol., 16, 2015, 253, 10.1186/s13059-015-0818-7.
    • (2015) Genome Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 253
    • Karvelis, T.1    Gasiunas, G.2    Young, J.3    Bigelyte, G.4    Silanskas, A.5    Cigan, M.6    Siksnys, V.7
  • 73
    • 84964862130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA
    • [73] Fonfara, I., Richter, H., Bratovič, M., Le Rhun, A., Charpentier, E., The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA. Nature 532 (2016), 517–521, 10.1038/nature17945.
    • (2016) Nature , vol.532 , pp. 517-521
    • Fonfara, I.1    Richter, H.2    Bratovič, M.3    Le Rhun, A.4    Charpentier, E.5
  • 75
    • 80053366291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive metagenomic visualization in a Web browser
    • [75] Ondov, B.D., Bergman, N.H., Phillippy, A.M., Interactive metagenomic visualization in a Web browser. BMC Bioinformatics, 12, 2011, 10.1186/1471–2105–12-385.
    • (2011) BMC Bioinformatics , vol.12
    • Ondov, B.D.1    Bergman, N.H.2    Phillippy, A.M.3
  • 76
    • 84949791988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broadening the targeting range of Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR–Cas9 by modifying PAM recognition
    • [76] Kleinstiver, B.P., Prew, M.S., Tsai, S.Q., Nguyen, N.T., Topkar, V.V., Zheng, Z., Joung, J.K., Broadening the targeting range of Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR–Cas9 by modifying PAM recognition. Nat. Biotechnol. 33 (2015), 1293–1298, 10.1038/nbt.3404.
    • (2015) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.33 , pp. 1293-1298
    • Kleinstiver, B.P.1    Prew, M.S.2    Tsai, S.Q.3    Nguyen, N.T.4    Topkar, V.V.5    Zheng, Z.6    Joung, J.K.7
  • 77
    • 84962514403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural plasticity of PAM recognition by engineered variants of the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9
    • [77] Anders, C., Bargsten, K., Jinek, M., Structural plasticity of PAM recognition by engineered variants of the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9. Mol. Cell 61 (2016), 895–902, 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.020.
    • (2016) Mol. Cell , vol.61 , pp. 895-902
    • Anders, C.1    Bargsten, K.2    Jinek, M.3
  • 82
    • 84861639567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteins and DNA elements essential for the CRISPR adaptation process in Escherichia coli
    • [82] Yosef, I., Goren, M.G., Qimron, U., Proteins and DNA elements essential for the CRISPR adaptation process in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 40 (2012), 5569–5576, 10.1093/nar/gks216.
    • (2012) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.40 , pp. 5569-5576
    • Yosef, I.1    Goren, M.G.2    Qimron, U.3
  • 83
    • 84902010986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cas1–Cas2 complex formation mediates spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity
    • [83] Nuñez, J.K., Kranzusch, P.J., Noeske, J., Wright, A.V., Davies, C.W., Doudna, J.A., Cas1–Cas2 complex formation mediates spacer acquisition during CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 21 (2014), 528–534, 10.1038/nsmb.2820.
    • (2014) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 528-534
    • Nuñez, J.K.1    Kranzusch, P.J.2    Noeske, J.3    Wright, A.V.4    Davies, C.W.5    Doudna, J.A.6
  • 84
    • 84864864464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular memory of prior infections activates the CRISPR/Cas adaptive bacterial immunity system
    • [84] Datsenko, K.a., Pougach, K., Tikhonov, A., Wanner, B.L., Severinov, K., Semenova, E., Molecular memory of prior infections activates the CRISPR/Cas adaptive bacterial immunity system. Nat. Commun., 3, 2012, 945, 10.1038/ncomms1937.
    • (2012) Nat. Commun. , vol.3 , pp. 945
    • Datsenko, K.A.1    Pougach, K.2    Tikhonov, A.3    Wanner, B.L.4    Severinov, K.5    Semenova, E.6
  • 85
    • 84963941043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-fidelity CRISPR–Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects
    • [85] Kleinstiver, B.P., Pattanayak, V., Prew, M.S., Tsai, S.Q., Nguyen, N.T., Zheng, Z., Keith Joung, J., High-fidelity CRISPR–Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects. Nature 529 (2016), 490–495, 10.1038/nature16526.
    • (2016) Nature , vol.529 , pp. 490-495
    • Kleinstiver, B.P.1    Pattanayak, V.2    Prew, M.S.3    Tsai, S.Q.4    Nguyen, N.T.5    Zheng, Z.6    Keith Joung, J.7
  • 86
    • 84952943845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity
    • [86] Slaymaker, I.M., Gao, L., Zetsche, B., Scott, D.A., Yan, W.X., Zhang, F., Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity. Science 351 (2015), 84–88, 10.1126/science.aad5227.
    • (2015) Science , vol.351 , pp. 84-88
    • Slaymaker, I.M.1    Gao, L.2    Zetsche, B.3    Scott, D.A.4    Yan, W.X.5    Zhang, F.6
  • 88
    • 84868143545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CRISPR/cas adaptive immune system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates resistance to naturally occurring and engineered phages
    • [88] Cady, K.C., Bondy-Denomy, J., Heussler, G.E., Davidson, A.R., O'Toole, G.A., The CRISPR/cas adaptive immune system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates resistance to naturally occurring and engineered phages. J. Bacteriol. 194 (2012), 5728–5738, 10.1128/JB.01184-12.
    • (2012) J. Bacteriol. , vol.194 , pp. 5728-5738
    • Cady, K.C.1    Bondy-Denomy, J.2    Heussler, G.E.3    Davidson, A.R.4    O'Toole, G.A.5
  • 89
    • 2142738304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WebLogo: a sequence logo generator
    • [89] Crooks, G., Hon, G., Chandonia, J., Brenner, S., WebLogo: a sequence logo generator. Genome Res. 14 (2004), 1188–1190, 10.1101/gr.849004.1.
    • (2004) Genome Res. , vol.14 , pp. 1188-1190
    • Crooks, G.1    Hon, G.2    Chandonia, J.3    Brenner, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.