Food drying enhancement by ultrasound – A review

Trends in Food Science and Technology

Volumn 56, Issue , 2016, Pages 126-141

  Musielak, Grzegorz ^a   Mierzwa, Dominik ^a   Kroehnke, Joanna ^a  

^a POZNAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Poland)

Author keywords

Apparatus design; Drying; Energy consumption; Food; Product quality; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; ENERGY UTILIZATION; FOOD PRODUCTS; PRODUCT DESIGN; QUALITY CONTROL; SPECIFIC HEAT; THERMAL PROCESSING (FOODS); ULTRASONICS;

APPARATUS DESIGN; DRYING TECHNIQUE; HIGH HEAT CAPACITY; POSSIBLE MECHANISMS; POWER ULTRASOUND; TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ULTRASOUND ENHANCEMENTS; ULTRASOUND GENERATION;

DRYING;

EID: 84983511121     PISSN: 09242244     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.003     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Ahmad-Qasem, M.H., Santacatalina, J.V., Barrajón-Catalán, E., Micol, V., Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Influence of drying on the retention of olive leaf polyphenols infused into dried apple. Food and Bioprocess Technology 8:1 (2015), 120–133, 10.1007/s11947-014-1387-6.
2. Alzamora, S.M., Guerrero, S.N., Schenk, M., Raffellini, S., López-Malo, A., Inactivation of microorganisms. Feng, H., Barbosa-Canovas, G.V., Weiss, J., (eds.) Ultrasound technologies for food and bioprocessing, 2011, Springer, New York (USA), 321–343.
3. Aversa, M., Van der Voort, A.-J., de Heij, W., Tournois, B., Curcio, S., An experimental analysis of acoustic drying of Carrots: Evaluation of heat transfer coefficients in different drying conditions. Drying Technology 29:2 (2011), 239–244, 10.1080/07373937.2010.485712.
4. Banaszak, J., Pawłowski, A., Influence of ultrasound drying on properties of dried apple crisps. Proceedings of 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 44–50 (Budapest, Hungary).
5. Bantle, M., Eikevik, T.M., Parametric study of high-intensity ultrasound in the atmospheric freeze drying of peas. Drying Technology 29:10 (2011), 1230–1239, 10.1080/07373937.2011.584256.
6. Bantle, M., Eikevik, T.M., A study of the energy efficiency of convective drying systems assisted by ultrasound in the production of clipfish. Journal of Cleaner Production 65 (2014), 217–223, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.016.
7. Bantle, M., Eikevik, T.M., Grüttner, A., Mass transfer in ultrasonic assisted atmospheric freeze drying. Proceeding of the 17th international drying symposium (IDS 2010), Vol. B, 2010, 763–768 (Magdeburg, Germany).
8. Bantle, M., Hanssler, J., Ultrasonic convective drying kinetics of clipfish during the initial drying period. Drying Technology 31:11 (2013), 1307–1316, 10.1080/07373937.2013.792093.
9. Bantle, M., Hanssler, J., Tolstoreblov, I., Eikevik, T.M., Drying kinetics of codfish in the presence of high intensity airborne ultrasoud. Proceedings of the 18th international drying symposium (IDS 2012). Xiamen, China, 2012.
10. Beck, S.M., Sabarez, H., Gaukel, V., Knoerzer, K., Enhancement of convective drying by application of airborne ultrasound – A response surface approach. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 21:6 (2014), 2144–2150, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.02.013.
11. Bermúdez-Aguirre, D., Mobbs, T., Barbosa-Cánovas, G.V., Ultrasound applications in food processing. Feng, H., Barbosa-Canovas, G.V., Weiss, J., (eds.) Ultrasound technologies for food and bioprocessing, 2011, Springer, New York (USA), 65–105.
12. Boucher, R.M.G., Drying by airborne ultrasonics. Ultrasonics News 111 (1959), 8–16.
13. Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Riera, E., Mulet, A., Influence of high-intensity ultrasound on drying kinetics of persimmon. Drying Technology 25:1 (2007), 185–193, 10.1080/07373930601161070.
14. Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Riera, E., Mulet, A., Improvement of convective drying of carrot by applying power Ultrasound—Influence of mass load density. Drying Technology 29:2 (2011), 174–182, 10.1080/07373937.2010.483032.
15. Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Riera, E., Rosselló, C., Mulet, A., Drying assisted by power ultrasound. Tsotsas, E., Mujumdar, A.S., (eds.) Modern drying technology, 2014, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (Germany), 237–278.
16. Cárcel, J.A., Nogueira, R.I., García-Pérez, J.V., Sanjuán, N., Riera, E., Ultrasound effects on the mass transfer processes during drying kinetic of olive leaves (Olea Europea, var. Serrana). Defect and Diffusion Forum 297–301 (2010), 1083–1090, 10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.297-301.1083.
17. Chandrapala, J., Oliver, C., Kentish, S., Ashokkumar, M., Ultrasonics in food processing. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 19:5 (2012), 975–983, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.01.010.
18. Cheeke, J.D.M., Fundamentals and applications of ultrasonic waves, second edition. 2012, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton (USA).
19. Chemat, F., Zill-e-Huma, Khan, M.K., Applications of ultrasound in food technology: Processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 18:4 (2011), 813–835, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.11.023.
20. Clemente, G., Sanjuán, N., Cárcel, J.A., Mulet, A., Influence of temperature, air velocity, and ultrasound application on drying kinetics of grape seeds. Drying Technology 32:1 (2014), 68–76, 10.1080/07373937.2013.811592.
21. Corrêa, J.L.G., Rasia, M.C., García-Pérez, J.V., Mulet, A., de Jesus Junqueira, J.R., Cárcel, J.A., Use of ultrasound in the distilled water pretreament and convective drying of pineapple. Delgado, J.M.P.Q., Barbosa de Lima, A.G., (eds.) Drying and energy technologies, Vol. 63, 2016, Springer International Publishing, Cham (Switzerland), 71–87.
22. Cruz, L., Clemente, G., Mulet, A., Ahmad-Qasem, M.H., Barrajón-Catalán, E., García-Pérez, J.V., Air-borne ultrasonic application in the drying of grape skin: Kinetic and quality considerations. Journal of Food Engineering 168 (2016), 251–258, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.08.001.
23. Demirdöven, A., Baysal, T., The use of ultrasound and combined technologies in food preservation. Food Reviews International 25:1 (2008), 1–11, 10.1080/87559120802306157.
24. Dolatowski, Z.J., Stadnik, J., Stasiak, D., Applications of ultrasound in food technology. ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum, Technologia Alimentaria 6:3 (2007), 89–99.
25. Ensminger, D., Bond, L.J., Applications of HighIntensity ultrasonics basic mechanisms and effects. Ultrasonics: Fundamentals, technologies, and applications, 2011, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton (USA), 459–494 3rd ed.
26. Fedorov, A.V., Fedorchenko, I.A., An, S.B., Lee, J.H., Choo, K.M., Physical and mathematical modeling of acousto-convective drying of rice. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 83:1 (2010), 72–82, 10.1007/s10891-010-0320-8.
27. Fernandes, F.A.N., Rodrigues, S., Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Ultrasound-assisted air-drying of apple (malus domestica). Food and Bioprocess Technology 8:7 (2015), 1503–1511, 10.1007/s11947-015-1519-7.
28. Fernandes, F.A.N., Rodrigues, S., García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Mulet, A., Evaluation of vitamin preservation and availability on ultrasound-assisted air drying of apples (Royal Gala var. Proceedings of the 19th international drying symposium (IDS 2014). Lyon, France, 2014.
29. de la Fuente-Blanco, S., Riera-Franco de Sarabia, E., Acosta-Aparicio, V.M., Blanco-Blanco, A., Gallego-Juárez, J.A., Food drying process by power ultrasound. Ultrasonics 44:Supplement (2006), e523–e527, 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.181.
30. Gallego-Juárez, J.A., High-power ultrasonic processing: Recent developments and prospective advances. Physics Procedia 3:1 (2010), 35–47, 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.006.
31. Gallego-Juárez, J.A., Corral, G.R., Prieto, J.L.S.E., Vitini, F.M., Electroacoustic unit for generating high sonic and ultra-sonic intensities in gases and interphases. 1993 Retrieved from http://www.google.com/patents/US5299175.
32. Gallego-Juárez, J.A., Riera, E., de la Fuente Blanco, S., Rodríguez-Corral, G., Acosta-Aparicio, V.M., Blanco, A., Application of high-power ultrasound for dehydration of vegetables: Processes and devices. Drying Technology 25:11 (2007), 1893–1901, 10.1080/07373930701677371.
33. Gallego-Juárez, J.A., Rodriguez-Corral, G., Gálvez Moraleda, J.C., Yang, T.S., A new high-intensity ultrasonic technology for food dehydration. Drying Technology 17:3 (1999), 597–608, 10.1080/07373939908917555.
34. Gamboa-Santos, J., Montilla, A., Cárcel, J.A., Villamiel, M., García-Pérez, J.V., Air-borne ultrasound application in the convective drying of strawberry. Journal of Food Engineering 128 (2014), 132–139, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.12.021.
35. Gamboa-Santos, J., Montilla, A., Soria, A.C., Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Villamiel, M., Impact of power ultrasound on chemical and physicochemical quality indicators of strawberries dried by convection. Food Chemistry 161 (2014), 40–46, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.106.
36. García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Benedito, J., Mulet, A., Power ultrasound mass transfer enhancement in food drying. Food and Bioproducts Processing 85:3 (2007), 247–254, 10.1205/fbp07010.
37. García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Benedito, J., Riera, E., Mulet, A., Drying of a low porosity product (carrot) as affected by power ultrasound. Defect and Diffusion Forum 273–276 (2008), 764–769.
38. García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., de la Fuente-Blanco, S., Riera-Franco de Sarabia, E., Ultrasonic drying of foodstuff in a fluidized bed: Parametric study. Ultrasonics 44 (2006), e539–e543, 10.1016/j.ultras.2006.06.059.
39. García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Riera, E., Mulet, A., Influence of the applied acoustic energy on the drying of carrots and lemon peel. Drying Technology 27:2 (2009), 281–287, 10.1080/07373930802606428.
40. García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Riera, E., Rosselló, C., Mulet, A., Intensification of low-temperature drying by using ultrasound. Drying Technology 30:11–12 (2012), 1199–1208, 10.1080/07373937.2012.675533.
41. García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Simal, S., García-Alvarado, M.A., Mulet, A., Ultrasonic intensification of grape stalk convective Drying: Kinetic and energy efficiency. Drying Technology 31:8 (2013), 942–950, 10.1080/07373937.2012.716128.
42. García-Pérez, J.V., Ortuño, C., Puig, A., Cárcel, J.A., Perez-Munuera, I., Enhancement of water transport and microstructural changes induced by high-intensity ultrasound application on orange peel drying. Food and Bioprocess Technology 5:6 (2012), 2256–2265, 10.1007/s11947-011-0645-0.
43. García-Pérez, J.V., Ozuna, C., Ortuño, C., Cárcel, J.A., Mulet, A., Modeling ultrasonically assisted convective drying of eggplant. Drying Technology 29:13 (2011), 1499–1509, 10.1080/07373937.2011.576321.
44. Greguss, P., The mechanism and possible applications of drying by ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrasonics 1:2 (1963), 83–86, 10.1016/0041-624X(63)90059-3.
45. Kahveci, K., Cihan, A., Transport phenomena during drying of food materials. Pletney, V.N., (eds.) Focus on food engineering research and developments, 2007, Nova Science Publishers Inc, New York (USA), 13–163.
46. Kentish, S., Ashokkumar, M., The physical and chemical effects of ultrasound. Feng, H., Barbosa-Canovas, G., Weiss, J., (eds.) Ultrasound technologies for food and bioprocessing, 2011, Springer, New York (USA), 1–12.
47. Khmelev, V.N., Shalunov, A.V., Barsukov, R.V., Abramenko, D.S., Lebedev, A.N., Studies of ultrasonic dehydration efficiency. Journal of Zhejiang University Science A 12:4 (2011), 247–254, 10.1631/jzus.A1000155.
48. Knorr, D., Zenker, M., Heinz, V., Lee, D.-U., Applications and potential of ultrasonics in food processing. Trends in Food Science & Technology 15:5 (2004), 261–266, 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.12.001.
49. Konopacka, D., Parosa, R., Piecko, J., Połubok, A., Siucińska, K., Ultrasound & microwave hybrid drying device for colored fruit preservation – Product quality and energy efficiency. Proceedings of the 8th asia-pacific drying conference (ADC 20015), 2015, 252–258 (Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia).
50. Korobeinikov, Y.G., Trubacheev, G.V., Fedorov, A.V., Choo, K.M., Jeong, D.M., Kim, Y.I., Experimental investigation of the acoustic-convective drying of unhusked Korean rice. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 81:4 (2008), 676–679, 10.1007/s10891-008-0100-x.
51. Kouchakzadeh, A., The effect of acoustic and solar energy on drying process of pistachios. Energy Conversion and Management 67 (2013), 351–356, 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.12.003.
52. Kouchakzadeh, A., Ghobadi, P., Modeling of ultrasonic-convective drying of pistachios. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 14:4 (2012), 144–149.
53. Kowalski, S.J., Ultrasound in wet materials subjected to drying: A modeling study. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 84 (2015), 998–1007, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.086.
54. Kowalski, S.J., Mierzwa, D., US-assisted convective drying of biological materials. Drying Technology 33:13 (2015), 1601–1613, 10.1080/07373937.2015.1026985.
55. Kowalski, S.J., Mierzwa, D., Stasiak, M., Ultrasound-assisted convective drying of apples at different drying conditions. Proceedings if the 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 261–268 (Budapest, Hungary).
56. Kowalski, S.J., Pawłowski, A., Intensification of apple drying due to ultrasound enhancement. Journal of Food Engineering 156 (2015), 1–9, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.01.023.
57. Kroehnke, J., Musielak, G., Boratyńska, A., Convective drying of potato assisted by ultrasound. PhD Interdisciplinary Journal 1 (2014), 57–65.
58. Kroehnke, J., Radziejewska-Kubzdela, E., Musielak, G., Stasiak, S., Ultrasonic-assisted and microwave -assisted convective drying of Carrot: Drying kinetics and quality analysis. Proceedings of the 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 195–201 (Budapest, Hungary).
59. Kudra, T., Mujumdar, A.S., Sonic drying. Advanced drying technologies, second edition, 2009, CRC Press, Taylor& Francis Group, Boca Raton (USA), 199–224.
60. Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Miao, S., Li, F., Luo, D., Drying characteristics of ultrasound assisted hot air drying of Flos Lonicerae. Journal of Food Science and Technology 52:8 (2015), 4955–4964, 10.1007/s13197-014-1612-3.
61. Mawson, R., Gamage, M., Terefe, N.S., Knoerzer, K., Ultrasound in enzyme activation and inactivation. Feng, H., Barbosa-Canovas, G.V., Weiss, J., (eds.) Ultrasound technologies for food and bioprocessing, 2011, Springer, New York (USA), 369–404.
62. Méndez, E.K., Orrego, C.E., Manrique, D.L., Gonzalez, J.D., Vallejo, D., Power ultrasound application on convective drying of banana (Musa paradisiaca), mango (Mangifera indica L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.). World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 9 (2015), 560–565.
63. Mierzwa, D., Kowalski, S.J., Ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration and convective drying of Apples: Process kinetics and quality issues. Chemical and Process Engineering, 3, 2016, 10.1515/cpe-2016-0031 (in press).
64. Moreno, C., Mulet, A., Mas, F., Roselló, C., Cárcel, J.A., Antioxidant potential of atmospheric freeze drying apples as affected by ultrasound application and sample surface. Proceedings of the 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 285–292 (Budapest, Hungary).
65. Mujumdar, A.S., Research and development in Drying: Recent trends and future prospects. Drying Technology 22:1–2 (2004), 1–26, 10.1081/DRT-120028201.
66. Mujumdar, A.S., An overview of innovation in industrial drying: Current status and R&D needs. Transport in Porous Media 66:1–2 (2006), 3–18, 10.1007/s11242-006-9018-y.
67. Muralidhara, H.S., Ensminger, D., Acoustic drying of green rice. Drying Technology 4:1 (1986), 137–143, 10.1080/07373938608916315.
68. Muralidhara, H.S., Ensminger, D., Putnam, A., Acoustic dewatering and drying (low and high Frequency): State of the art review. Drying Technology 3:4 (1985), 529–566, 10.1080/07373938508916296.
69. do Nascimento, E.M.G.C., Mulet, A., Ascheri, J.L.R., de Carvalho, C.W.P., Cárcel, J.A., Effects of high-intensity ultrasound on drying kinetics and antioxidant properties of passion fruit peel. Journal of Food Engineering 170 (2016), 108–118, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.09.015.
70. Ortuño, C., García-Pérez, J.V., Cárcel, J.A., Femenia, A., Mulet, A., Modelling of ultrasonically assisted convective drying of eggplant. Proceedings of the 17th international drying symposium (IDS 2010), Vol. C, 2010, 1538–1543 (Magdeburg, Germany).
71. Ortuño, C., Pérez-Munuera, I., Puig, A., Riera, E., García-Pérez, J.V., Influence of power ultrasound application on mass transport and microstructure of orange peel during hot air drying. Physics Procedia 3 (2010), 153–159.
72. Ozuna, C., Cárcel, J.A., Santacatalina, J.V., Mulet, A., García-Pérez, J.V., Textural properties of vegetables: A key parameter on ultrasonic assisted convective drying. Proceedings of the 12th international congress on engineering and food (ICEF). Athens, Greece, 2011.
73. Ozuna, C., Cárcel, J.A., Walde, P.M., García-Pérez, J.V., Low-temperature drying of salted cod (Gadus morhua) assisted by high power ultrasound: Kinetics and physical properties. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 23 (2014), 146–155, 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.03.008.
74. Ozuna, C., Gómez Álvarez-Arenas, T., Riera, E., Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Influence of material structure on air-borne ultrasonic application in drying. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 21:3 (2014), 1235–1243, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.12.015.
75. Ozuna, C., Mulet, A., García-Pérez, J.V., Riera, E., Cárcel, J.A., Influence of vegetable structure on ultrasonically assisted convective drying. Proceedings of the 19th international drying symposium (IDS 2014). Lyon, France, 2014.
76. Patist, A., Bates, D., Ultrasonic innovations in the food industry: From the laboratory to commercial production. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 9:2 (2008), 147–154, 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.07.004.
77. Puig, A., Perez-Munuera, I., Cárcel, J.A., Hernando, I., García-Pérez, J.V., Moisture loss kinetics and microstructural changes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) during conventional and ultrasonically assisted convective drying. Food and Bioproducts Processing 90:4 (2012), 624–632, 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.07.001.
78. Riera, E., Gallego-Juárez, J.A., Rodríguez-Corral, G., Acosta-Aparicio, V., Andrés-Gallego, E., Application of high-power ultrasound for drying vegetables. 2002 Retrieved June 27, 2016, from http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/7957.
79. Rodríguez, J., Mulet, A., Bon, J., Influence of high-intensity ultrasound on drying kinetics in fixed beds of high porosity. Journal of Food Engineering 127 (2014), 93–102, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.12.002.
80. Rodríguez, Ó., Santacatalina, J.V., Simal, S., García-Pérez, J.V., Femenia, A., Rosselló, C., Influence of power ultrasound application on drying kinetics of apple and its antioxidant and microstructural properties. Journal of Food Engineering 129 (2014), 21–29, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.01.001.
81. Sabarez, H.T., Gallego-Juárez, J.A., Riera, E., Ultrasonic-assisted convective drying of apple slices. Drying Technology 30:9 (2012), 989–997, 10.1080/07373937.2012.677083.
82. Santacatalina, J.V., Contreras, M., Simal, S., Cárcel, J.A., García-Pérez, J.V., Impact of applied ultrasonic power on the low temperature drying of apple. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 28 (2016), 100–109, 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.027.
83. Santacatalina, J.V., Fissore, D., Cárcel, J.A., Mulet, A., García-Pérez, J.V., Model-based investigation into atmospheric freeze drying assisted by power ultrasound. Journal of Food Engineering 151 (2015), 7–15, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.013.
84. Santacatalina, J.V., García-Pérez, J.V., Rosselló, C., Mulet, A., Cárcel, J.A., Combined effect of temperature and air velocity on low-temperature drying of apple assisted by power ultrasound. Proceedings of the 19th international drying symposium (IDS 2014). Lyon, France, 2014.
85. Santacatalina, J.V., Rodríguez, O., Simal, S., Cárcel, J.A., Mulet, A., García-Pérez, J.V., Ultrasonically enhanced low-temperature drying of apple: Influence on drying kinetics and antioxidant potential. Journal of Food Engineering 138 (2014), 35–44, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.04.003.
86. Sawicka, W., Mulet, A., Bon, J., Perez-Muelas, N., Simal, S., Cárcel, J.A., Influence of freezing and ultrasound application on drying of meat. Proceedings of the 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 362–368 (Budapest, Hungary).
87. Schössler, K., Jäger, H., Knorr, D., Effect of continuous and intermittent ultrasound on drying time and effective diffusivity during convective drying of apple and red bell pepper. Journal of Food Engineering 108:1 (2012), 103–110, 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.07.018.
88. Schössler, K., Jäger, H., Knorr, D., Novel contact ultrasound system for the accelerated freeze-drying of vegetables. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 16 (2012), 113–120, 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.05.010.
89. Schössler, K., Thomas, T., Knorr, D., Modification of cell structure and mass transfer in potato tissue by contact ultrasound. Food Research International 49:1 (2012), 425–431, 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.027.
90. Siucińska, K., Konopacka, D., Application of ultrasound to modify and improve dried fruit and vegetable tissue: A review. Drying Technology 32:11 (2014), 1360–1368, 10.1080/07373937.2014.916719.
91. Soria, A.C., Villamiel, M., Effect of ultrasound on the technological properties and bioactivity of food: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology 21:7 (2010), 323–331, 10.1016/j.tifs.2010.04.003.
92. Stasiak, M., Musielak, G., Kowalski, S.J., Optimization method of evaluation convective heat and mass transfer effective coefficients in drying process. Proceedings of the 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 385–390 (Budapest, Hungary).
93. Szadzińska, J., Łechtańska, J., Kowalski, S.J., Microwave and ultrasonic assisted convective drying of green Pepper: Drying kinetics and quality. Proceedings of the 5th european drying conference (Eurodrying’2015), 2015, 391–398 (Budapest, Hungary).
94. Toledo, R.T., Dehydration. Fundamentals of food process engineering, 2007, Springer, New York (USA), 431–473.
95. Witrowa-Rajchert, D., Wiktor, A., Śledź, M., Nowacka, M., Selected emerging technologies to enhance the drying process: A review. Drying Technology 32:11 (2014), 1386–1396, 10.1080/07373937.2014.903412.