Induction of CD4+ regulatory and polarized effector/helper T cells by dendritic cells

Immune Network

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2016, Pages 13-25

  Lutz, Manfred B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Anergy; CD4+ T cells; Dendritic cells; Polarization; Regulatory T cells

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 12P70; MYELIN OLIGODENDROCYTE GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3;

ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; APOPTOSIS; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION; CELL MATURATION; CLONAL ANERGY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DENDRITIC CELL; ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS; EFFECTOR CELL; HELPER CELL; IMMUNE EVASION; IMMUNOLOGIST; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INDUCTION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; STEADY STATE; SURFACE PROPERTY; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TH2 CELL; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI;

EID: 84975228892     PISSN: 15982629     EISSN: 20926685     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.1.13     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. + Tregs: limiting collateral damage. J. Clin. Invest 114: 1372-1378.
2. O’Garra, A., and P. Vieira. 2007. T(H)1 cells control themselves by producing interleukin-10. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7: 425-428.
3. Pletinckx, K., A. Dohler, V. Pavlovic, and M. B. Lutz. 2011. Role of dendritic cell maturity/costimulation for generation, homeostasis, and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Front. Immunol. 2: 39.
4. + T cell response to repetitive stimulation with antigen-presenting cells in vitro: implications in designing antigen-presenting cell-based tumor vaccines. J. Immunol. 162: 5576-5583.
5. Littman, D. R., and A. Y. Rudensky. 2010. Th17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation. Cell 140: 845-858.
6. Joo, H., K. Upchurch, W. Zhang, L. Ni, D. Li, Y. Xue, X. H. Li, T. Hori, S. Zurawski, Y. J. Liu, G. Zurawski, and S. Oh. 2015. Opposing roles of Dectin-1 expressed on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells in Th2 polarization. J. Immunol. 195: 1723-1731.
7. Tjota, M. Y., and A. I. Sperling. 2014. Distinct dendritic cell subsets actively induce Th2 polarization. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 31: 44-50.
8. Walsh, K. P., and K. H. Mills. 2013. Dendritic cells and other innate determinants of T helper cell polarisation. Trends Immunol. 34: 521-530.
9. O’Garra, A., L. Gabrysova, and H. Spits. 2011. Quantitative events determine the differentiation and function of helper T cells. Nat. Immunol. 12: 288-294.
10. van, P. N., F. Klauschen, and R. N. Germain. 2014. T-cell-receptor- dependent signal intensity dominantly controls CD4(+) T cell polarization in vivo. Immunity 41: 63-74. Ref ID: 10
11. Lutz, M. B. 2013. How quantitative differences in dendritic cell maturation can direct T1/T2-cell polarization. Oncoimmunology 2: e22796.
12. Lutz, M. B., and G. Schuler. 2002. Immature, semi-mature and fully mature dendritic cells: which signals induce tolerance or immunity? Trends Immunol. 23: 445-449.
13. Langenkamp, A., G. Casorati, C. Garavaglia, P. Dellabona, A. Lanzavecchia, and F. Sallusto. 2002. T cell priming by dendritic cells: thresholds for proliferation, differentiation and death and intraclonal functional diversification. Eur. J. Immunol. 32: 2046-2054.
14. Ohl, L., M. Mohaupt, N. Czeloth, G. Hintzen, Z. Kiafard, J. Zwirner, T. Blankenstein, G. Henning, and R. Forster. 2004. CCR7 governs skin dendritic cell migration under inflammatory and steady-state conditions. Immunity 21: 279-288.
15. Schumann, K., T. Lammermann, M. Bruckner, D. F. Legler, J. Polleux, J. P. Spatz, G. Schuler, R. Forster, M. B. Lutz, L. Sorokin, and M. Sixt. 2010. Immobilized chemokine fields and soluble chemokine gradients cooperatively shape migration patterns of dendritic cells. Immunity 32: 703-713.
16. Ziegler-Heitbrock, L., P. Ancuta, S. Crowe, M. Dalod, V. Grau, D. N. Hart, P. J. Leenen, Y. J. Liu, G. MacPherson, G. J. Randolph, J. Scherberich, J. Schmitz, K. Shortman, S. Sozzani, H. Strobl, M. Zembala, J. M. Austyn, and M. B. Lutz. 2010. Nomenclature of monocytes and dendritic cells in blood. Blood 116: e74-e80.
17. Weber, C., S. Meiler, Y. Doring, M. Koch, M. Drechsler, R. T. Megens, Z. Rowinska, K. Bidzhekov, C. Fecher, E. Ribechini, M. A. van Zandvoort, C. J. Binder, I. Jelinek, M. Hristov, L. Boon, S. Jung, T. Korn, M. B. Lutz, I. Forster, M. Zenke, T. Hieronymus, T. Junt, and A. Zernecke. 2011. CCL17-expressing dendritic cells drive atherosclerosis by restraining regulatory T cell homeostasis in mice. J. Clin. Invest 121: 2898-2910.
18. Berger, T. G., H. Schulze-Koops, M. Schafer, E. Muller, and M. B. Lutz. 2009. Immature and maturation-resistant human dendritic cells generated from bone marrow require two stimulations to induce T cell anergy in vitro. PLoS One. 4: e6645.
19. Waithman, J., R. S. Allan, H. Kosaka, H. Azukizawa, K. Shortman, M. B. Lutz, W. R. Heath, F. R. Carbone, and G. T. Belz. 2007. Skin-derived dendritic cells can mediate deletional tolerance of class I-restricted self-reactive T cells. J. Immunol. 179: 4535-4541.
20. Apostolou, I., and B. H. von. 2004. In vivo instruction of suppressor commitment in naive T cells. J. Exp. Med. 199: 1401-1408.
21. Akbari, O., R. H. DeKruyff, and D. T. Umetsu. 2001. Pulmonary dendritic cells producing IL-10 mediate tolerance induced by respiratory exposure to antigen. Nat. Immunol. 2: 725-731.
22. Menges, M., S. Rossner, C. Voigtlander, H. Schindler, N. A. Kukutsch, C. Bogdan, K. Erb, G. Schuler, and M. B. Lutz. 2002. Repetitive injections of dendritic cells matured with tumor necrosis factor alpha induce antigen-specific protection of mice from autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 195: 15-21.
23. Lutz, M. B., N. Kukutsch, A. L. Ogilvie, S. Rossner, F. Koch, N. Romani, and G. Schuler. 1999. An advanced culture method for generating large quantities of highly pure dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. J. Immunol. Methods 223: 77-92.
24. Naik, S. H. 2008. Demystifying the development of dendritic cell subtypes, a little. Immunol. Cell Biol. 86: 439-452.
25. Cheong, C., I. Matos, J. H. Choi, D. B. Dandamudi, E. Shrestha, M. P. Longhi, K. L. Jeffrey, R. M. Anthony, C. Kluger, G. Nchinda, H. Koh, A. Rodriguez, J. Idoyaga, M. Pack, K. Velinzon, C. G. Park, and R. M. Steinman. 2010. Microbial stimulation fully differentiates monocytes to DC-SIGN/CD209(+) dendritic cells for immune T cell areas. Cell 143: 416-429.
26. Valdor, R., and F. Macian. 2013. Induction and stability of the anergic phenotype in T cells. Semin. Immunol. 25: 313-320.
27. Huynh, A., R. Zhang, and L. A. Turka. 2014. Signals and pathways controlling regulatory T cells. Immunol. Rev. 258: 117-131.
28. Jenkins, M. K., C. A. Chen, G. Jung, D. L. Mueller, and R. H. Schwartz. 1990. Inhibition of antigen-specific proliferation of type 1 murine T cell clones after stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. J. Immunol. 144: 16-22.
29. Schwartz, R. H. 2003. T cell anergy. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21: 305-334.
30. Sloan-Lancaster, J., B. D. Evavold, and P. M. Allen. 1993. Induction of T-cell anergy by altered T-cell-receptor ligand on live antigen-presenting cells. Nature 363: 156-159.
31. Macian, F., F. Garcia-Cozar, S. H. Im, H. F. Horton, M. C. Byrne, and A. Rao. 2002. Transcriptional mechanisms underlying lymphocyte tolerance. Cell 109: 719-731.
32. Andris, F., S. Denanglaire, M. F. de, J. Urbain, and O. Leo. 2004. Naive T cells are resistant to anergy induction by anti-CD3 antibodies. J. Immunol. 173: 3201-3208.
33. Wells, A. D., M. C. Walsh, J. A. Bluestone, and L. A. Turka. 2001. Signaling through CD28 and CTLA-4 controls two distinct forms of T cell anergy. J. Clin. Invest 108: 895-903.
34. Greenwald, R. J., V. A. Boussiotis, R. B. Lorsbach, A. K. Abbas, and A. H. Sharpe. 2001. CTLA-4 regulates induction of anergy in vivo. Immunity 14: 145-155.
35. Perez, V. L., P. L. Van, A. Biuckians, X. X. Zheng, T. B. Strom, and A. K. Abbas. 1997. Induction of peripheral T cell tolerance in vivo requires CTLA-4 engagement. Immunity 6: 411-417.
36. Rudd, C. E., A. Taylor, and H. Schneider. 2009. CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction. Immunol. Rev. 229: 12-26.
37. Brunner, M. C., C. A. Chambers, F. K. Chan, J. Hanke, A. Winoto, and J. P. Allison. 1999. CTLA-4-Mediated inhibition of early events of T cell proliferation. J. Immunol. 162: 5813-5820.
38. Verdoodt, B., T. Blazek, P. Rauch, G. Schuler, A. Steinkasserer, M. B. Lutz, and J. O. Funk. 2003. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 are not essential in T cell anergy. Eur. J. Immunol. 33: 3154-3163.
39. Walunas, T. L., C. Y. Bakker, and J. A. Bluestone. 1996. CTLA-4 ligation blocks CD28-dependent T cell activation. J. Exp. Med. 183: 2541-2550.
40. Krummel, M. F., and J. P. Allison. 1996. CTLA-4 engagement inhibits IL-2 accumulation and cell cycle progression upon activation of resting T cells. J. Exp. Med. 183: 2533-2540.
41. Baine, I., B. T. Abe, and F. Macian. 2009. Regulation of T-cell tolerance by calcium/NFAT signaling. Immunol. Rev. 231: 225-240.
42. Macian, F., S. H. Im, F. J. Garcia-Cozar, and A. Rao. 2004. T-cell anergy. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16: 209-216.
43. Fathman, C. G., and N. B. Lineberry. 2007. Molecular mechanisms of CD4+ T-cell anergy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7: 599-609.
44. Kriegel, M. A., C. Rathinam, and R. A. Flavell. 2009. E3 ubiquitin ligase GRAIL controls primary T cell activation and oral tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106: 16770-16775.
45. Jeon, M. S., A. Atfield, K. Venuprasad, C. Krawczyk, R. Sarao, C. Elly, C. Yang, S. Arya, K. Bachmaier, L. Su, D. Bouchard, R. Jones, M. Gronski, P. Ohashi, T. Wada, D. Bloom, C. G. Fathman, Y. C. Liu, and J. M. Penninger. 2004. Essential role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b in T cell anergy induction. Immunity 21: 167-177.
46. Lechner, O., J. Lauber, A. Franzke, A. Sarukhan, B. H. von, and J. Buer. 2001. Fingerprints of anergic T cells. Curr. Biol. 11: 587-595.
47. Safford, M., S. Collins, M. A. Lutz, A. Allen, C. T. Huang, J. Kowalski, A. Blackford, M. R. Horton, C. Drake, R. H. Schwartz, and J. D. Powell. 2005. Egr-2 and Egr-3 are negative regulators of T cell activation. Nat. Immunol. 6: 472-480.
48. + T cells. J. Immunol. 173: 7331-7338.
49. Knoechel, B., J. Lohr, S. Zhu, L. Wong, D. Hu, L. Ausubel, and A. K. Abbas. 2006. Functional and molecular comparison of anergic and regulatory T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 176: 6473-6483.
50. Zheng, Y., Y. Zha, G. Driessens, F. Locke, and T. F. Gajewski. 2012. Transcriptional regulator early growth response gene 2 (Egr2) is required for T cell anergy in vitro and in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 209: 2157-2163.
51. Miah, M. A., S. E. Byeon, M. S. Ahmed, C. H. Yoon, S. J. Ha, and Y. S. Bae. 2013. Egr2 induced during DC development acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of DC immunogenicity. Eur. J. Immunol. 43: 2484-2496.
52. + T cells persist in vivo following induction of peripheral tolerance. J. Immunol. 160: 4719-4729.
53. + T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. Nature 389: 737-742.
54. Buer, J., A. Lanoue, A. Franzke, C. Garcia, B. H. von, and A. Sarukhan. 1998. Interleukin 10 secretion and impaired effector function of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells anergized in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 187: 177-183.
55. Jooss, K., B. Gjata, O. Danos, B. H. von, and A. Sarukhan. 2001. Regulatory function of in vivo anergized CD4(+) T cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98: 8738-8743.
56. Wegner, J., S. Hackenberg, C. J. Scholz, S. Chuvpilo, D. Tyrsin, A. A. Matskevich, G. U. Grigoleit, S. Stevanovic, and T. Hunig. 2015. High-density preculture of PBMCs restores defective sensitivity of circulating CD8 T cells to virus- and tumor-derived antigens. Blood 126: 185-194.
57. Burkly, L. C., D. Lo, O. Kanagawa, R. L. Brinster, and R. A. Flavell. 1989. T-cell tolerance by clonal anergy in transgenic mice with nonlymphoid expression of MHC class II I-E. Nature 342: 564-566.
58. Rammensee, H. G., R. Kroschewski, and B. Frangoulis. 1989. Clonal anergy induced in mature V beta 6+ T lymphocytes on immunizing Mls-1b mice with Mls-1a expressing cells. Nature 339: 541-544.
59. Kawabe, Y., and A. Ochi. 1990. Selective anergy of V beta 8+, CD4+ T cells in Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-primed mice. J. Exp. Med. 172: 1065-1070.
60. Rellahan, B. L., L. A. Jones, A. M. Kruisbeek, A. M. Fry, and L. A. Matis. 1990. In vivo induction of anergy in peripheral V beta 8+ T cells by staphylococcal enterotoxin B. J. Exp. Med. 172: 1091-1100.
61. Gabrysova, L., and D. C. Wraith. 2010. Antigenic strength controls the generation of antigen-specific IL-10-secreting T regulatory cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 40: 1386-1395.
62. Gabrysova, L., K. S. Nicolson, H. B. Streeter, J. Verhagen, C. A. Sabatos-Peyton, D. J. Morgan, and D. C. Wraith. 2009. Negative feedback control of the autoimmune response through antigen-induced differentiation of IL-10-secreting Th1 cells. J. Exp. Med. 206: 1755-1767.
63. + regulatory T cells by engaging CD28 and CTLA-4. Eur. J. Immunol. 45: 480-491.
64. Steinman, R. M., and M. C. Nussenzweig. 2002. Avoiding horror autotoxicus: the importance of dendritic cells in peripheral T cell tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99: 351-358.
65. Sakaguchi, S., F. Powrie, and R. M. Ransohoff. 2012. Re-establishing immunological self-tolerance in autoimmune disease. Nat. Med. 18: 54-58.
66. Sixt, M., N. Kanazawa, M. Selg, T. Samson, G. Roos, D. P. Reinhardt, R. Pabst, M. B. Lutz, and L. Sorokin. 2005. The conduit system transports soluble antigens from the afferent lymph to resident dendritic cells in the T cell area of the lymph node. Immunity 22: 19-29.
67. + regulatory T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 41: 1420-1434.
68. Hayden, M. S., and S. Ghosh. 2012. NF-kappaB, the first quarter- century: remarkable progress and outstanding questions. Genes Dev. 26: 203-234.
69. Lutz, M. B., A. Dohler, and H. Azukizawa. 2010. Revisiting the tolerogenicity of epidermal Langerhans cells. Immunol. Cell Biol. 88: 381-386.
70. Fontenot, J. D., J. P. Rasmussen, M. A. Gavin, and A. Y. Rudensky. 2005. A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells. Nat. Immunol. 6: 1142-1151.
71. Weih, F., and J. Caamano. 2003. Regulation of secondary lymphoid organ development by the nuclear factor-kappaB signal transduction pathway. Immunol. Rev. 195: 91-105.
72. Idoyaga, J., C. Fiorese, L. Zbytnuik, A. Lubkin, J. Miller, B. Malissen, D. Mucida, M. Merad, and R. M. Steinman. 2013. Specialized role of migratory dendritic cells in peripheral tolerance induction. J. Clin. Invest 123: 844-854.
73. Baratin, M., C. Foray, O. Demaria, M. Habbeddine, E. Pollet, J. Maurizio, C. Verthuy, S. Davanture, H. Azukizawa, A. Flores-Langarica, M. Dalod, and T. Lawrence. 2015. Homeostatic NF-kappaB signaling in steady-state migratory dendritic cells regulates immune homeostasis and tolerance. Immunity 42: 627-639.
74. Travis, M. A., B. Reizis, A. C. Melton, E. Masteller, Q. Tang, J. M. Proctor, Y. Wang, X. Bernstein, X. Huang, L. F. Reichardt, J. A. Bluestone, and D. Sheppard. 2007. Loss of integrin alpha(v)beta8 on dendritic cells causes autoimmunity and colitis in mice. Nature 449: 361-365.
75. Pulendran, B., and D. Artis. 2012. New paradigms in type 2 immunity. Science 337: 431-435.
76. Tang, H., W. Cao, S. P. Kasturi, R. Ravindran, H. I. Nakaya, K. Kundu, N. Murthy, T. B. Kepler, B. Malissen, and B. Pulendran. 2010. The T helper type 2 response to cysteine proteases requires dendritic cell-basophil cooperation via ROS-mediated signaling. Nat. Immunol. 11: 608-617.
77. Pletinckx, K., B. Stijlemans, V. Pavlovic, R. Laube, C. Brandl, S. Kneitz, A. Beschin, B. P. De, and M. B. Lutz. 2011. Similar inflammatory DC maturation signatures induced by TNF or Trypanosoma brucei antigens instruct default Th2-cell responses. Eur. J. Immunol. 41: 3479-3494.
78. De, S. T., M. M. Van, B. G. De, J. Urbain, O. Leo, and M. Moser. 1997. Effect of interleukin-10 on dendritic cell maturation and function. Eur. J. Immunol. 27: 1229-1235.
79. Raker, V. K., M. P. Domogalla, and K. Steinbrink. 2015. Tolerogenic dendritic cells for regulatory T cell induction in man. Front. Immunol. 6: 569.
80. Amodio, G., and S. Gregori. 2012. Human tolerogenic DC-10: perspectives for clinical applications. Transplant. Res. 1: 14.
81. Maldonado-Lopez, R., C. Maliszewski, J. Urbain, and M. Moser. 2001. Cytokines regulate the capacity of CD8alpha(+) and CD8alpha(-) dendritic cells to prime Th1/Th2 cells in vivo. J. Immunol. 167: 4345-4350.
82. Perona-Wright, G., S. J. Jenkins, A. Crawford, D. Gray, E. J. Pearce, and A. S. MacDonald. 2006. Distinct sources and targets of IL-10 during dendritic cell-driven Th1 and Th2 responses in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 36: 2367-2375.
83. Redpath, S. A., W. N. van der, A. M. Cervera, A. S. MacDonald, D. Gray, R. M. Maizels, and M. D. Taylor. 2013. ICOS controls Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell expansion, maintenance and IL-10 production during helminth infection. Eur. J. Immunol. 43: 705-715.
84. Nono, J. K., K. Pletinckx, M. B. Lutz, and K. Brehm. 2012. Excretory/secretory-products of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae induce apoptosis and tolerogenic properties in dendritic cells in vitro. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 6: e1516.
85. Casaravilla, C., A. Pittini, D. Ruckerl, P. I. Seoane, S. J. Jenkins, A. S. MacDonald, A. M. Ferreira, J. E. Allen, and A. Diaz. 2014. Unconventional maturation of dendritic cells induced by particles from the laminated layer of larval Echinococcus granulosus. Infect. Immun. 82: 3164-3176.
86. Hochrein, H., M. O’Keeffe, T. Luft, S. Vandenabeele, R. J. Grumont, E. Maraskovsky, and K. Shortman. 2000. Interleukin (IL)-4 is a major regulatory cytokine governing bioactive IL-12 production by mouse and human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 192: 823-833.
87. Lutz, M. B., M. Schnare, M. Menges, S. Rossner, M. Rollinghoff, G. Schuler, and A. Gessner. 2002. Differential functions of IL-4 receptor types I and II for dendritic cell maturation and IL-12 production and their dependency on GM-CSF. J. Immunol. 169: 3574-3580.
88. + T-cell activation mediated by cytokines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109: 9971-9976.
89. + T cells. Immunol. Rev. 211: 81-92.
90. Curtsinger, J. M., M. Y. Gerner, D. C. Lins, and M. F. Mescher. 2007. Signal 3 availability limits the CD8 T cell response to a solid tumor. J. Immunol. 178: 6752-6760.
91. Heufler, C., F. Koch, U. Stanzl, G. Topar, M. Wysocka, G. Trinchieri, A. Enk, R. M. Steinman, N. Romani, and G. Schuler. 1996. Interleukin-12 is produced by dendritic cells and mediates T helper 1 development as well as interferon-gamma production by T helper 1 cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26: 659-668.
92. Cella, M., D. Scheidegger, K. Palmer-Lehmann, P. Lane, A. Lanzavecchia, and G. Alber. 1996. Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. J. Exp. Med. 184: 747-752.
93. Steinman, R. M., and H. Hemmi. 2006. Dendritic cells: translating innate to adaptive immunity. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 311: 17-58.
94. Trinchieri, G. 2003. Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3: 133-146.
95. Napolitani, G., A. Rinaldi, F. Bertoni, F. Sallusto, and A. Lanzavecchia. 2005. Selected Toll-like receptor agonist combinations synergistically trigger a T helper type 1-polarizing program in dendritic cells. Nat. Immunol. 6: 769-776.
96. Theiner, G., S. Rossner, A. Dalpke, K. Bode, T. Berger, A. Gessner, and M. B. Lutz. 2008. TLR9 cooperates with TLR4 to increase IL-12 release by murine dendritic cells. Mol. Immunol. 45: 244-252.
97. Muller, U., G. Kohler, H. Mossmann, G. A. Schaub, G. Alber, J. P. Di Santo, F. Brombacher, and C. Holscher. 2001. IL-12-independent IFN-gamma production by T cells in experimental Chagas’ disease is mediated by IL-18. J. Immunol. 167: 3346-3353.
98. + Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant. J. Exp. Med. 206: 1589-1602.
99. Soares, H., H. Waechter, N. Glaichenhaus, E. Mougneau, H. Yagita, O. Mizenina, D. Dudziak, M. C. Nussenzweig, and R. M. Steinman. 2007. A subset of dendritic cells induces CD4+ T cells to produce IFN-gamma by an IL-12-independent but CD70-dependent mechanism in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 204: 1095-1106.
100. de, J. R., F. Altare, I. A. Haagen, D. G. Elferink, T. Boer, B. van, V, P. J. Kabel, J. M. Draaisma, J. T. van Dissel, F. P. Kroon, J. L. Casanova, and T. H. Ottenhoff. 1998. Severe mycobacterial and Salmonella infections in interleukin-12 receptor-deficient patients. Science 280: 1435-1438.
101. Kalinski, P., C. M. Hilkens, A. Snijders, F. G. Snijdewint, and M. L. Kapsenberg. 1997. IL-12-deficient dendritic cells, generated in the presence of prostaglandin E2, promote type 2 cytokine production in maturing human naive T helper cells. J. Immunol. 159: 28-35.
102. Theiner, G., A. Gessner, and M. B. Lutz. 2006. The mast cell mediator PGD2 suppresses IL-12 release by dendritic cells leading to Th2 polarized immune responses in vivo. Immunobiology 211: 463-472.
103. Mattner, F., P. K. Di, and G. Alber. 1997. Interleukin-12 is indispensable for protective immunity against Leishmania major. Infect. Immun. 65: 4378-4383.
104. Schijns, V. E., B. L. Haagmans, C. M. Wierda, B. Kruithof, I. A. Heijnen, G. Alber, and M. C. Horzinek. 1998. Mice lacking IL-12 develop polarized Th1 cells during viral infection. J. Immunol. 160: 3958-3964.
105. Berberich, C., J. R. Ramirez-Pineda, C. Hambrecht, G. Alber, Y. A. Skeiky, and H. Moll. 2003. Dendritic cell (DC)-based protection against an intracellular pathogen is dependent upon DC-derived IL-12 and can be induced by molecularly defined antigens. J. Immunol. 170: 3171-3179.
106. Ramirez-Pineda, J. R., A. Frohlich, C. Berberich, and H. Moll. 2004. Dendritic cells (DC) activated by CpG DNA ex vivo are potent inducers of host resistance to an intracellular pathogen that is independent of IL-12 derived from the immunizing DC. J. Immunol. 172: 6281-6289.
107. Voigtlander, C., S. Rossner, E. Cierpka, G. Theiner, C. Wiethe, M. Menges, G. Schuler, and M. B. Lutz. 2006. Dendritic cells matured with TNF can be further activated in vitro and after subcutaneous injection in vivo which converts their tolerogenicity into immunogenicity. J. Immunother. 29: 407-415.
108. Itano, A. A., S. J. McSorley, R. L. Reinhardt, B. D. Ehst, E. Ingulli, A. Y. Rudensky, and M. K. Jenkins. 2003. Distinct dendritic cell populations sequentially present antigen to CD4 T cells and stimulate different aspects of cell-mediated immunity. Immunity 19: 47-57.
109. Reis e Sousa, S. Hieny, T. Scharton-Kersten, D. Jankovic, H. Charest, R. N. Germain, and A. Sher. 1997. In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas. J. Exp. Med. 186: 1819-1829.
110. Abdi, K., N. Singh, and P. Matzinger. 2006. T-cell control of IL-12p75 production. Scand. J. Immunol. 64: 83-92.
111. Goldszmid, R. S., P. Caspar, A. Rivollier, S. White, A. Dzutsev, S. Hieny, B. Kelsall, G. Trinchieri, and A. Sher. 2012. NK cell-derived interferon-gamma orchestrates cellular dynamics and the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells at the site of infection. Immunity 36: 1047-1059.
112. Moretta, L., G. Ferlazzo, C. Bottino, M. Vitale, D. Pende, M. C. Mingari, and A. Moretta. 2006. Effector and regulatory events during natural killer-dendritic cell interactions. Immunol. Rev. 214: 219-228.
113. Bajenoff, M., B. Breart, A. Y. Huang, H. Qi, J. Cazareth, V. M. Braud, R. N. Germain, and N. Glaichenhaus. 2006. Natural killer cell behavior in lymph nodes revealed by static and real-time imaging. J. Exp. Med. 203: 619-631.
114. Martin-Fontecha, A., L. L. Thomsen, S. Brett, C. Gerard, M. Lipp, A. Lanzavecchia, and F. Sallusto. 2004. Induced recruitment of NK cells to lymph nodes provides IFN-gamma for T(H)1 priming. Nat. Immunol. 5: 1260-1265.
115. Oestreich, K. J., and A. S. Weinmann. 2012. Transcriptional mechanisms that regulate T helper 1 cell differentiation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 24: 191-195.
116. Reinhardt, R. L., S. Hong, S. J. Kang, Z. E. Wang, and R. M. Locksley. 2006. Visualization of IL-12/23p40 in vivo reveals immunostimulatory dendritic cell migrants that promote Th1 differentiation. J. Immunol. 177: 1618-1627.
117. Sallusto, F., B. Palermo, D. Lenig, M. Miettinen, S. Matikainen, I. Julkunen, R. Forster, R. Burgstahler, M. Lipp, and A. Lanzavecchia. 1999. Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulate dendritic cell function. Eur. J. Immunol. 29: 1617-1625.
118. Ingulli, E., A. Mondino, A. Khoruts, and M. K. Jenkins. 1997. In vivo detection of dendritic cell antigen presentation to CD4(+) T cells. J. Exp. Med. 185: 2133-2141.
119. Langenkamp, A., M. Messi, A. Lanzavecchia, and F. Sallusto. 2000. Kinetics of dendritic cell activation: impact on priming of TH1, TH2 and nonpolarized T cells. Nat. Immunol. 1: 311-316.
120. Pulecio, J., J. Petrovic, F. Prete, G. Chiaruttini, A. M. Lennon-Dumenil, C. Desdouets, S. Gasman, O. R. Burrone, and F. Benvenuti. 2010. Cdc42-mediated MTOC polarization in dendritic cells controls targeted delivery of cytokines at the immune synapse. J. Exp. Med. 207: 2719-2732.
121. Luft, T., M. Jefford, P. Luetjens, T. Toy, H. Hochrein, K. A. Masterman, C. Maliszewski, K. Shortman, J. Cebon, and E. Maraskovsky. 2002. Functionally distinct dendritic cell (DC) populations induced by physiologic stimuli: prostaglandin E(2) regulates the migratory capacity of specific DC subsets. Blood 100: 1362-1372.
122. Knippertz, I., A. Hesse, T. Schunder, E. Kampgen, M. K. Brenner, G. Schuler, A. Steinkasserer, and D. M. Nettelbeck. 2009. Generation of human dendritic cells that simultaneously secrete IL-12 and have migratory capacity by adenoviral gene transfer of hCD40L in combination with IFN-gamma. J. Immunother. 32: 524-538.
123. Dorrie, J., N. Schaft, I. Muller, V. Wellner, T. Schunder, J. Hanig, G. J. Oostingh, M. P. Schon, C. Robert, E. Kampgen, and G. Schuler. 2008. Introduction of functional chimeric E/L-selectin by RNA electroporation to target dendritic cells from blood to lymph nodes. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 57: 467-477.
124. Schulz, E. G., L. Mariani, A. Radbruch, and T. Hofer. 2009. Sequential polarization and imprinting of type 1 T helper lymphocytes by interferon-gamma and interleukin-12. Immunity 30: 673-683.
125. Elloso, M. M., and P. Scott. 2001. Differential requirement of CD28 for IL-12 receptor expression and function in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 31: 384-395.
126. Ahlers, J. D., I. M. Belyakov, S. Matsui, and J. A. Berzofsky. 2001. Signals delivered through TCR instruct IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) expression: IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergize for IL-12R expression at low antigen dose. Int. Immunol. 13: 1433-1442.
127. Szabo, S. J., A. S. Dighe, U. Gubler, and K. M. Murphy. 1997. Regulation of the interleukin (IL)-12R beta 2 subunit expression in developing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. J. Exp. Med. 185: 817-824.
128. Rogge, L., L. Barberis-Maino, M. Biffi, N. Passini, D. H. Presky, U. Gubler, and F. Sinigaglia. 1997. Selective expression of an interleukin-12 receptor component by human T helper 1 cells. J. Exp. Med. 185: 825-831.
129. Sam, H., and M. M. Stevenson. 1999. In vivo IL-12 production and IL-12 receptors beta1 and beta2 mRNA expression in the spleen are differentially up-regulated in resistant B6 and susceptible A/J mice during early blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS malaria. J. Immunol. 162: 1582-1589.
130. Grohmann, U., M. L. Belladonna, R. Bianchi, C. Orabona, E. Ayroldi, M. C. Fioretti, and P. Puccetti. 1998. IL-12 acts directly on DC to promote nuclear localization of NF-kappaB and primes DC for IL-12 production. Immunity 9: 315-323.
131. Puccetti, P., M. L. Belladonna, and U. Grohmann. 2002. Effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on antigen-presenting cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 22: 373-390.
132. Laderach, D., A. Wesa, and A. Galy. 2003. 4-1BB-ligand is regulated on human dendritic cells and induces the production of IL-12. Cell. Immunol. 226: 37-44.
133. Futagawa, T., H. Akiba, T. Kodama, K. Takeda, Y. Hosoda, H. Yagita, and K. Okumura. 2002. Expression and function of 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand on murine dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 14: 275-286.
134. Wilcox, R. A., A. I. Chapoval, K. S. Gorski, M. Otsuji, T. Shin, D. B. Flies, K. Tamada, R. S. Mittler, H. Tsuchiya, D. M. Pardoll, and L. Chen. 2002. Cutting edge: Expression of functional CD137 receptor by dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 168: 4262-4267.
135. Wyzgol, A., N. Muller, A. Fick, S. Munkel, G. U. Grigoleit, K. Pfizenmaier, and H. Wajant. 2009. Trimer stabilization, oligomerization, and antibody-mediated cell surface immobilization improve the activity of soluble trimers of CD27L, CD40L, 41BBL, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand. J. Immunol. 183: 1851-1861.
136. + T cell populations lacking helper function. Nat. Immunol. 6: 163-170.
137. Wykes, M., A. Pombo, C. Jenkins, and G. G. MacPherson. 1998. Dendritic cells interact directly with naive B lymphocytes to transfer antigen and initiate class switching in a primary T-dependent response. J. Immunol. 161: 1313-1319.
138. Qi, H., J. G. Egen, A. Y. Huang, and R. N. Germain. 2006. Extrafollicular activation of lymph node B cells by antigen-bearing dendritic cells. Science 312: 1672-1676.
139. Chow, K. V., A. M. Lew, R. M. Sutherland, and Y. Zhan. 2016. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells promote Th polarization, whereas conventional dendritic cells promote Th proliferation. J. Immunol. 196: 624-636.