Rehabilomics Concepts: An Overview of Genetic, Proteomic and Hormonal Biomarkers in TBI Recovery

Biomarkers of Brain Injury and Neurological Disorders

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 236-273

  Crownover, James ^a   Wagner, Amy K ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84936879531     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b17644-15     Document Type: Chapter

References (273)

1. Agha, A. and C.J. Thompson. 2005. High risk of hypogonadism after traumatic brain injury: Cünical implications. Pituitary. 8(3-4): 245-249.
2. Alexander, G.E. and M.D. Crutcher. 1990. Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: Neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci. 13: 266-271.
3. Alexander, S., M.E. Kerr, Y. Kim, M.I. Kamboh, S.R. Beers and Y.P. Conley. 2006. Apolipoprotein E4 allele presence and functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 24(5): 790-797.
4. Altar, C.A., C.B. Boylan, C. Jackson, S. Hershenson, J. Miller, S.J. Wiegand, R.M. Lindsay and C. Hyman. 1992. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor augments rotational behavior and nigrostriatal dopamine turnover in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89(23): 11347-11351.
5. Anderson, A.E., L.O. Hansson, O. Nilsson, R. Dijlai-Merzoug and G. Settergren. 2001. High serum S100b levels for patients without head injuries. Neurosurgery. 48: 1255-1260.
6. Anderson, G.D., N.R. Temkin, S.S. Dikmen, R. Diaz-Arrastia, J.E. Machamer, C. Farhrenbruch, J.W. Miller and S.M. Sadrzadeh. 2009. Haptoglobin phenotype and apolipoprotein E polymorphism: Relationship to posttraumatic seizures and neuropsychological functioning after traumatic brain injury. Epilepsy Behav. 16(3): 501-506.
7. Andiné, P., K.A. Rudolphi, B.B. Fredholm and H. Hagberg. 1990. Effect of propentofylline (HWA285) on extracellular purines and excitatory amino acids in CA1 of rat hippocampus during transient ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol. 100: 814-818.
8. Antonsson, B., F. Conti, A. Ciavatta, S. Montessuit, S. Lewis, I. Martinou, L. Bernasconi, A. Bernard, J.J. Mermod, G. Mazzei, K. Maundrell, F. Gambale, R. Sadoul and J.C. Martinou. 1997. Inhibition of Bax channel-forming activity by Bcl-2. Science. 277: 370-372.
9. Arabi, Y.M., S. Haddad, H.M Tamim, A. Al-Dawood, S. Al-Qahtani, A. Ferayan, I. Al-Abdulmughni, J. Al-Oweis and A. Rugaan. 2010. Mortality reduction after implementing a clinical practice guidelines-based management protocol for severe traumatic brain injury. J Crit Care. 25(2): 190-195.
10. Arevalo, M.A., M. Santos-Galindo, M.J. Bellini, I. Azcoitia and L.M. Garcia-Segura. 2010. Actions of estrogens on glial cells: Implications for neuroprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1800: 1106-1112.
11. Azcoitia, I., J.G. Yague and L.M. Garcia-Segura. 2011. Estradiol synthesis within the human brain. Neuroscience. 191: 139-347.
12. Badjatia, N., N. Carney, T.J. Crocco, M.E. Fallat, H.M. Hennes, A.S. Jagoda, S. Jernigan, P.B. Letarte, E.B. Lerner, T.M. Moriarty, P.T. Pons, S. Sasser, T. Scalea, C.L. Schleien, D.W. Wright, Brain Trauma Foundation and BTF Center for Guidelines Management. 2008. Guidelines for prehospital management of traumatic brain injury 2nd edition. Prehop Emerg Care. 12 Suppl 1: S1-S2.
13. Bales, J., A.K. Wagner, A.E. Kline and C.E. Dixon. 2009. Persistent cognitive dysfunction during rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury: Towards a dopamine hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 33(7): 981-1003.
14. Bannon, M.J. and R.H. Roth. 1983. Pharmacology of mesocortical dopamine neurons. Pharmacol Rev. 35(1): 53-68.
15. Bao, Y.H., H.M. Bramlett, C.M. Atkins, J.S. Truettner, G. Lotocki, O.F. Alonso and W.D. Dietrich. 2011. Post-traumatic seizures exacerbate histopathological damage after fluid-percussion brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 28(1): 35-42.
16. Bell, M.J., C.S. Robertson, P.M. Kochanek, J.C. Goodman, S.P. Gopinath, J.A. Carcillo, R.S. Clark, D.W. Marion, Z. Mi and E.K. Jackson. 2001. Interstitial brain adenosine and xanthine increase during jugular venous oxygen desaturations in humans after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 29(2): 399-404.
17. Benowitz, L., W. Rodriguez and R. Neve. 1990. The pattern of GAP-43 immunostaining changes in the rat hippocampal formation during reactive synaptogenesis. Mol Brain Res. 8: 17-23.
18. Benowitz, L.I., P.J. Apostolides, N. Perrone-Bizzozero, S.P. Finklestein and H. Zwiers. 1988. Anatomical distribution of the growth-associated protein GAP-43/B-50 in the adult rat brain. J Neurosci. 8: 339-352.
19. Berger, R. 2006. The use of serum biomarkers to predict outcome after traumatic brain injury in adults and children. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 21(4): 315-333.
20. Berger, R.P., B. Bazaco, A.K. Wagner, P.M. Kochanek and A. Fabio. 2010. Trajectory analysis of serum biomarker concentrations facilitates outcome prediction after pediatric traumatic and hypoxemic brain injury. Dev Neurosci. 32(5-6): 396-405.
21. Berger, R.P., S.R. Beers, R. Richichi, D. Wiesman and P.D. Adelson. 2007. Serum biomarker concentrations and outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 24: 1793-1801.
22. Berman, B.P., D.J. Weisenberger and P.W. Laird. 2009. Locking in on the human methylome. Nat Biotechnol. 27: 341-342.
23. Binder, D.K. and H.E. Scharfman. 2004. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Growth Factors 22(3): 123-1231.
24. Boehning, D., R.L. Patterson, L. Sedaghat, N.O. Glebova, T. Kurosaki and S.H. Snyder. 2003. Cytochrome c binds to inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate receptors, amplifying calcium-dependent apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol. 5: 1051-1061.
25. Bonneh-Barkay, D., P. Zagadailov, H. Zou, C. Niyonkuru, M. Figley, A. Starkey, G. Wang, S. Bissel, C.A. Wiley and A.K. Wagner. 2010. YKL-40 expression in traumatic brain injury-An initial analysis. J Neurotrauma. 27(7): 1215-1223.
26. Bottiglieri, T., K. Hyland, M. Laundy, P. Godfrey, M.W. Carney, B.K. Toone and E.H. Reynolds. 1992. Folate deficiency, biopterin and monoamine metabolism in depression. Psychol Med. 22: 871-876.
27. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons. 2007. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 24 Suppl. 1: S1-106.
28. Brophy, G.M., S. Mondello, L. Papa, S.A. Robicsek, A. Gabrielli, J. Tepas 3rd, A. Buki, C. Robertson, F.C. Tortella, R.L. Hayes and K.K. Wang. 2011. Biokinetic Analysis of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patient Biofluids. J Neurotrauma. 28(6): 861-870.
29. Brozoski, T.J., R.M. Brown, H.E. Rosvold and P.S. Goldman. 1979. Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey. Science. 205(4409): 929-932.
30. Bu, D.F., M.G. Erlander, B.C. Hitz, N.J. Tillakaratne, D.L. Kaufman, C.B. Wagner-McPherson, G.A. Evans and A.J. Tobin. 1992. Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDA GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89(6): 2115-2119.
31. Bueller, J.A., M. Aftab, S. Sen, D. Gomez-Hassan, M. Burmeister and J.K. Zubieta. 2006. BDNF Val66Met allele is associated with reduced hippocampal volume in healthy subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 59: 812-815.
32. Burgess, J.D., O. Pedraza, N.R. Graff-Radford, M. Hirpa, F. Zou, R. Miles, T. Nguyen, M. Li, J.A. Lucas, R.J. Ivnik, J. Crook, V.S. Pankratz, D.W. Dickson, R.C. Petersen, S.G. Younkin and N. Ertekin-Taner. 2011. Association of common KIBRA variants with episodic memory and AD risk. Neurobiol Aging. 32: 557.el-557.e9.
33. Bushnik, T. and W. Gordon. 2012. Updates from the Third Federal Interagency Conference on traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 27(3): 222-223.
34. Büther, K., C. Plaas, A. Barnekow and J. Kremerskothen. 2004. KIBRA is a novel substrate for protein kinase C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 317: 703-707.
35. Caspi, A., K. Sugden, T.E. Moffitt, A. Taylor, I.W. Craig, H. Harrington, J. McClay, J. Mill, J. Martin, A. Braithwaite and R. Poulton. 2003. Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-htt gene. Science. 301: 386-389.
36. Castren, E., V. Voikar and T. Rantamaki. 2007. Role of neurotrophic factors in depression. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 7: 18-21.
37. Cavalleri, G.L., N.M. Walley, N. Soranzo, J. Mulley, C.P. Doherty, A. Kapoor, C. Depondt, J.M. Lynch, I.E. Scheffer, A. Heils, A. Gehrmann, P. Kinirons, S. Gandhi, P. Satishchandra, N.W. Wood, A. Anand, T. Sander, S.F. Berkovic, N. Delanty, D.B. Goldstein and S.M. Sisodiya. 2007. A multicenter study of BRD2 as a risk factor for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 48(4): 706-712.
38. Chan, F., K.L. Lanctôt, A. Feinstein, N. Herrmann, J. Strauss, T. Sicard, J.L. Kennedy, S. McCullagh and M.J. Rapoport. 2008. Brain Inj. 22(6): 471-479.
39. Chatfield, D.A., F.P. Zemlan, D.J. Day and D.K. Menon. 2002. Discordant temporal patterns of S100 beta and cleaved tau protein elevation after head injury: A pilot study. Br Neurosurg. 16: 471-476.
40. Chen, J., B.K. Lipska, N. Halim, Q.D. Ma, M. Matsumoto, S. Melhem, B.S. Kolachana, T.M. Hyde, M.M. Herman, J. Apud, M.F. Egan, J.E. Kleinman and D.R. Weinberger. 2004. Functional analysis of genetic variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): Effects on mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human brain. Am J Hum Genet. 75(5): 807-821.
41. Chen, J.W.Y. and C.G. Westerlain. 2006. Status epilepticus: Pathophysiology and management in adults. Lancet. 5(3): 246-256.
42. Christman, C.W., J.B. Salvant, S.A. Walker and J.T. Povlishock. 1997. Characterization of a prolonged regenerative attempt by diffusely injured axons following traumatic brain injury in adult cat: A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. Acta Neuropathol. 94: 329-337.
43. Ciruela, F., V. Casadó, R.J. Rodrigues, R. Luján, J. Burgueño, M. Canals, J. Borycz, N. Rebola, S.R. Goldberg, J. Mallol, A. Cortés, E.I. Canela, J.F. López-Giménez, G. Milligan, C. Lluis, R.A. Cunha, S. Ferré and R. Franco. 2006. Presynaptic control of striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission by adenosine A1-A2A receptor heteromers. J Neurosci. 26(7): 2080-2087.
44. Clark, R.S., H. Bayir and L.W. Jenkins. 2005. Posttranslational protein modifications. Crit Care Med. 33: S407-S409.
45. Clark, R.S., J. Chen, S.C. Watkins, P.M. Kochanek, M. Chen, R.A. Stetler, J.E. Loeffert and S.H. Graham. 1997. Apoptosis-suppressor gene bcl-2 expression after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurosci. 17: 9172-9182.
46. Clark, R.S., P.M. Kochanek, M. Chen, S.C. Watkins, D.W. Marion, J. Chen, R.L. Hamilton, J.E. Loeffert and S.H. Graham. 1999. Increases in Bcl-2 and cleavage of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in human brain after head injury. FASEB J. 13: 813-821.
47. Clark, R.S., P.M. Kochanek, P.D. Adelson, M.J. Bell, J.A. Carcillo, M. Chen, S.R. Wisniewski, K. Janesko, M.J. Whalen and S.H. Graham. 2000. Increases in bcl-2 protein in cerebrospinal fluid and evidence for programmed cell death in infants and children after severe traumatic brain injury. J Pediatr. 137: 197-204.
48. Coggeshall, R.E., M.L. Reynolds and C.J. Woolf. 1991. Distribution of the growth associated protein GAP-43 in the central processes of axotomized primary afferents in the adult rat spinal cord; presence of growth cone-like structures. Neurosci Lett. 131: 37-41.
49. Cohen, J.D. and D. Servan-Schreiber. 1992. Context, cortex, and dopamine: A connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia. Psychol Rev. 99: 45-77.
50. Conley, Y.P. and S. Alexander. 2011. Genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic approaches to recovery after acquired brain injury. PM R 3(6 Suppl. 1): S52-58.
51. Cook, E.H. Jr., M.A. Stein, M.D. Krasowski, N.J. Cox, D.M. Olkon, J.E. Kieffer and B.L. Leventhal. 1995. Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene. Am J Hum Genet. 56(4): 993-998. PMID: 7717410.
52. Corneveaux, J.J., W.S. Liang, E.M. Reiman, J.A. Webster, A.J. Myers, V.L. Zismann, K.D. Joshipura, J.V. Pearson, D. Hu-Lince, D.W. Craig, K.D. Coon, T. Dunckley, D. Bandy, W. Lee, K. Chen, T.G. Beach, D. Mastroeni, A. Grover, R. Ravid, S.B. Sando, J.O. Aasly, R. Heun, F. Jessen, H. Kölsch, J. Rogers, M.L. Hutton, S. Melquist, R.C. Petersen, G.E. Alexander, R.J. Caselli, A. Papassotiropoulos, D.A. Stephan and M.J. Huentelman. 2010. Evidence for an association between KIBRA and late-onset Alzeimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 31: 901-909.
53. Crack, P.J., J. Gould, N. Bye, S. Ross, U. Ali, M.D. Habgood, C. Morganti-Kossman, N.R. Saunders, PJ. Hertzog and Victorian Neurotrauma Research Group. 2009. The genomic profile of the cerebral cortex after closed head injury in mice: Effects of minocycline. J Neural Transm. 116: 1-12.
54. Darrah, S.D., M.A. Miller, D. Ren, N.Z. Hoh, J.M. Scanlon, Y.P. Conley and A.K. Wagner. 2013. Genetic variability in glutamic acid decarboxylase genes: Associations with post-traumatic seizures after severe TBI. Epilepsy Res. 103(2-3): 180-194.
55. Dash, P.K., J. Zhao, G. Hergenroeder and A.N. Moore. 2010. Biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment efficacy for traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics. 7: 100-114.
56. Daws, L.C., J.L. Munn, M.F. Valdez, T. Frosto-Burke and J.G. Hensler. 2007. Serotonin transporter function, but not expression, is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): in vivo studies in BDNF-deficient mice. J Neurochem. 101: 641-651. PubMed: 17254018.
57. Daws, L.C., P.D. Callaghan, J.A. Moron, K.M. Kahlig, T.S. Shippenberg, J.A. Javitch and A. Galli. 2002. Cocaine increases dopamine uptake and cell surface expression of dopamine transporters. Bioch Biophys Res Commun. 290(5): 1545-1550.
58. De Kruijk, J.R., P. Leffers, P.P.C.A. Menheere, S. Meerhoff, J. Rutten and A. Twijnstra. 2002. Prediction of post-traumatic complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: Early symptoms and biochemical markers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 73: 727-732.
59. Deckert, J. and M.B. Jorgensen. 1988. Evidence for pre- and postsynaptic localization of adenosine A1 receptors in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus: A quantitative autoradiographic study. Brain Res. 446: 161-164.
60. Diaz-Arrastia, R., Y. Gong, S. Fair, K.D. Scott, M.C. Garcia, M.C. Carlile, M.A. Agostini and P.C. Van Ness. 2003. Increased risk of late posttraumatic seizures associated with inheritance of APOE epsilon4 allele. Arch Neurol. 60(6): 818-822.
61. Dietrich, W.D., O. Alonso and M. Halley. 1994. Early microvascular and neuronal consequences of traumatic brain injury: A light and electron microscopic study in rats. J Neurotrauma. 11: 289-301.
62. Dimopoulou, I., S. Korfias, U. Dafni, A. Anthi, C. Psachoulia, G. Jullien, D.E. Sakas and C. Roussos. 2003. Protein S-100b serum levels in trauma-induced brain death. Neurology. 60: 947-951.
63. Dixon, C.E., M.F. Kraus, A.E. Kline, X. Ma, H.Q. Yan, R.G. Griffith, B.M. Wolfson and D.W. Marion. 1999. Amantadine improves water maze performance without affecting motor behavior following traumatic brain injury in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 14(4): 285-294. PMID: 12671249.
64. Donato, R. 2003. Intracellular and extracellular roles of S100 proteins. Microsc Res Tech. 60: 540-551.
65. Donnelly. C. J., M. Park, M. Spillane, S. Yoo, A. Pacheco, C. Gomes, D. Vuppalanchi, M. McDonald, H.H. Kim, T.T. Merianda, G. Gallo and J.L. Twiss. 2013. Axonally synthesized ß-actin and GAP-43 proteins support distinct modes of axonal growth. J Neurosci. 33(8): 3311-3322.
66. Dresel, S., J. Krause, K.H. Krause, C. LaFougere, K. Brinkbaumer, H.F. Kung, K. Hahn and K. Tatsch. 2000. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Binding of [99mTc]TRODAT-1 to the dopamine transporter before and after methylphenidate treatment. Eur J Nucl Med. 27(10): 1518-1524.
67. Duman, R.S. and L.M. Monteggia. 2006. A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 59: 1116-1127.
68. Dziedzic, T. 2006. Systemic inflammatory markers and risk of dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Othr Demen. 21: 258-262.
69. Egan, M.F., M. Kojima, J.H. Callicott, T.E. Goldberg, B.S. Kolachana, A. Bertolino, E. Zaitsev, B. Gold, D. Goldman, M. Dean, B. Lu and D.R. Weinberger. 2003. The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function. Cell. 112: 257-269.
70. Eley, T.C., K. Sugden, A. Corsico, A.M. Gregory, P. Sham, P. McGuffin, R. Plomin and I.W. Craig. 2004. Gene-environment interaction analysis of serotonin system markers with adolescent depression. Mol Psychiatry. 9: 908-915.
71. Elting, J.W., A.E. de Jager, A.W. Teelken, M.J. Schaaf, N.M. Maurits, J. van der Naalt, C.T. Sibinga, G.A. Sulter and J. De Keyser. 2000. Comparison of serum S-100 protein levels following stroke and traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Sci. 181: 104-110.
72. Eng, L.F., J.J. Vanderhaeghen, A. Bignami and B. Gerstl. 1971. An acidic protein isolated from fibrous astrocytes. Brain Res. 28: 351-354.
73. Espinosa-Aguilar, A., H. Reyes-Morales, C.E. Huerta-Posada, I.L. de León, F. López-López, M. Mejía-Hernández, M.A. Mondragón-Martínez, L.M. Calderón-Téllez, R.L. Amezcua-Cuevas and J.A. Rebollar-González. 2008. Design and validation of a critical pathway for hospital management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 64(5): 1327-1341.
74. Failla, M.D., J.N. Burkhardt, M.A. Miller, J.M. Scanlon, Y.P. Conley, R.E. Ferrell and A.K. Wagner. 2013. Variants of the SLC6A4 gene in depression risk following severe TBI. Brain Inj. 27: 696-706.
75. Fedele, D.E., N. Gouder, M. Güttinger, L. Gabernet, L. Scheurer, T. Rülicke, F. Crestani and D. Boison. 2005. Astrogliosis in epilepsy leads to overexpression of adenosine kinase, resulting in seizure aggravation. Brain. 128: 2383-2395.
76. Fedoroff, J.P., S.E. Starkstein, A.W. Forrester, F.H. Geisler, R.E. Jorge, S.V. Arndt and R.G. Robinson. 1992. Depression in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Am J Psychiatry. 149: 918-923.
77. Floresco, S.B. and O. Magyar. 2006. Mesocortical dopamine modulation of executive functions: Beyond working memory. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 188: 567-585.
78. Franco, R., S. Ferré, L. Agnati, M. Torvinen, S. Ginés, J. Hillion, V. Casadó, P. Lledó, M. Zoli, C. Lluis and K. Fuxe. 2000. Evidence for adenosine/dopamine receptor interactions: Indications for heteromerization. Neuropsychopharmacology. 23(4 Suppl.): S50-59.
79. Frieden, T.R., R. Ikeda, R. Hunt, M.M. Faul, L. Xu, M. Wald and V.G. Coronado. 2006. Traumatic Brain injury In the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations and Deaths 2002-2006. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
80. Frisen, J., V.M. Verge, S. Cullheim, H. Persson, K. Fried, D.S. Middlemas, T. Hunter, T. Hökfelt and M. Risling. 1992. Increased levels of trkB mRNA and trkB protein-like immunoreactivity in the injured rat and cat spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 89: 11282-11286.
81. Garringer, J., C. Niyonkuru, E. McCullough, T.L. Loucks, C.E. Dixon, Y.P. Conley, S. Berga and A.K. Wagner. 2013. Impact of Aromatase Genetic Variation on Hormone Levels and Global Outcome after Severe TBI. J Neurotrauma (Epub ahead of print).
82. Giacino, J.T., J. Whyte, E. Bagiella, K. Kalmar, N. Childs, A. Khademi, B. Eifert, D. Long, D.I. Katz, S. Cho, S.A. Yablon, M. Luther, F.M. Hammond, A. Nordenbo, P. Novak, W. Mercer, P. Maurer-Karattup and M. Sherer. 2012. Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 366(9): 819-826.
83. Gilbody, S., S. Lewis and T. Lightfoot. 2007. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders: A HuGE review. Am J Epidemiol. 165: 1-13.
84. Gillespie, N.A., J.B. Whitfield, B. Williams, A.C. Heath and N.G. Martin. 2005. The relationship between stressful life events, the serotonin transporter (5-httlpr) genotype and major depression. Psychol Med. 35: 101-111.
85. Goeders, N.E. and J.E. Smith. 1993. Intracranial cocaine self-administration into the medial prefrontal cortex increases dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens. J Pharmacol Exp Therap. 265(2): 592-600.
86. Goldstein, L.B. 2003. Neuropharmacology of TBI-induced plasticity. Brain Inj. 17: 685-694.
87. Gomez-Hernandez, R., J.E. Max, T. Kosier, S. Paradiso and R.G. Robinson. 1997. Social impairment and depression after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 78: 1321-1326.
88. Gong, B. and E. Leznik. 2007. The role of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 in neurodegenerative disorders. Drug News Perspect. 20: 365-370.
89. Gorgels, T.G., M. Ven Lookeren-Compagne, A.B. Oestriecher, A.A. Gribnau and W.H. Gispen. 1989. B-50/Gap43 is localized at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane in developing and adult rat pyramidal tract. J Neurosci. 9: 3861-3869.
90. Goyal, A., M. Carter, C. Niyonkuru, A. Fabio, K. Amin, R.P. Berger and A.K. Wagner. 2012. S100b as a prognostic Biomarker in Outcome Prediction for Patients with severe TBI. J Neurotrauma. 2013 Jun 1; 30(11): 946-57.
91. Hall, D., A. Dhilla, A. Charalambous, J.A. Gogos and M. Karayiorgou. 2003. Sequence variants of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene are strongly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet. 73: 370-376.
92. Hariri, A.R., T.E. Goldberg, V.S. Mattay, B.S. Kolachana, J.H. Callicott, M.F. Egan and D.R. Weinberger. 2003. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism affects human memory-related hippocampal activity and predicts memory performance. J Neurosci. 23: 6690-6694.
93. Hashimoto, T., A. Serrano-Pozo, Y. Hori, K.W. Adams, S. Takeda, A.O. Banerji, A. Mitani, D. Joyner, D.H. Thyssen, B.J. Bacskai, M.P. Frosch, T.L. Spires-Jones, M.B. Finn, D.M. Holtzman and B.T. Hyman. 2012. Apolipoprotein E, especially apolipoprotein E4, increases the oligomerization of amyloid ß peptide. J Neurosci. 32(43): 15181-15192.
94. Hayakata, T., T. Shiozaki, O. Tasaki, H. Ikegawa, Y. Inoue, F. Toshiyuki, H. Hosotubo, F. Kieko, T. Yamashita, H. Tanaka, T. Shimazu and H. Sugimoto. 2004. Changes in Csf S100b and Cytokine Concentrations in Early-Phase Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Shock. 22(2): 102-107.
95. Heils, A., A. Teufel, S. Petri, G. Stober, P. Riederer, D. Bengel and K.P. Lesch. 1996. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem. 66: 2621-2624.
96. Heldt, S.A., L. Stanek, J.P. Chhatwal and K.J. Ressler. 2007. Hippocampus-specific deletion of BDNF in adult mice impairs spatial memory and extinction of aversive memories. Mol Psychiatry. 12: 656-670.
97. Helisalmi, S., M. Hiltunen, S. Vepsäläinen, S. Iivonen, A. Mannermaa, M. Lehtovirta, A.M. Koivisto, I. Alafuzoff and H. Soininen. 2004. Polymorphisms in neprilysin gene affect the risk of Alzheimer's disease in Finnish patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 75(12): 1746-1748.
98. Herrmann, N., M.J. Rapoport, R.D. Rajaram, F. Chan, A. Kiss, A.K. Ma, A. Feinstein, S. McCullagh and K.L. Lanctot. 2009. Factor analysis of the Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire in mild-tomoderate traumatic brain injury patients. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 21: 181-188.
99. Herson, P.S., I.P. Koerner and P.D. Hurn. 2009. Sex, sex steroids, and brain injury. Semin Reprod Med. 27: 229-239.
100. Hicks, R.R., S. Numan, H.S. Dhillon, M.R. Prasad and K.B. Seroogy. 1997. Alterations in BDNF and NT-3 mRNAs in rat hippocampus after experimental brain trauma. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 48: 401-406.
101. Hoh, N.Z., A.K. Wagner, S.A. Alexander, R.B. Clark, S.R. Beers, D.O. Okonkwo, D. Ren and Y.P. Conley. 2010. BCL2 genotypes: Functional and neurobehavioral outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 27(8): 1413-1427.
102. Hojo, Y., G. Murakami, H. Mukai, S. Higo, Y. Hatanaka, M. Ogiue-Ikeda, H. Ishii, T. Kimoto and S. Kawato. 2008. Estrogen synthesis in the brain—role in synaptic plasticity and memory. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 290: 31-43.
103. Horn, A.S. 1990. Dopamine uptake: A review of progress in the last decade. Prog Neurobiol. 34(5): 387-400.
104. Huang, E.J. and L.F. Reichardt. 2001. Neurotrophins: Roles in neuronal development and function. Annu Rev Neurosci. 24: 677-736.
105. Huang, E.J. and L.F. Reichardt. 2003. Trk receptors: Roles in neuronal signal transduction. Annu Rev Biochem. 72: 609-642.
106. Huang, R., J. Huang, H. Cathcart, S. Smith and S.E. Poduslo. 2007. Genetic variants in brain-derived neurotrophic factor associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Med Genet. 44: e66.
107. Hwang, J.P., S.J. Tsai, C.J. Hong, C.H. Yang, J.F. Lirng and Y.M. Yang. 2006. The Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic-factor gene is associated with geriatric depression. Neurobiol Aging. 27: 1834-1837.
108. Ingebrigtsen, T. and B. Romner. 2002. Biochemical serum markers of traumatic brain injury. J Trauma. 52: 798-808.
109. Jacobs, N., G. Kenis, F. Peeters, C. Derom, R. Vlietinck and J. van Os. 2006. Stress-related negative affectivity and genetically altered serotonin transporter function: Evidence of synergism in shaping risk of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63: 989-996.
110. Jacobsen, L.K., M.R. Picciotto, C.J. Heath, W.E. Mencl and J. Gelernter. 2009. Allelic variation of calsyntenin 2 (CLSTN2) modulates the impact of developemental tobacco smoke exposure on mnemonic processing in adolescents. Biol Psychiatry. 65: 671-679.
111. Jamali, S., A. Salzmann, N. Perroud, M. Ponsole-Lenfant, J. Cillario, P. Roll, N. Roeckel-Trevisiol, A. Crespel, J. Balzar, K. Schlachter, U. Gruber-Sedlmayr, E. Pataraia, C. Baumgartner, A. Zimprich, F. Zimprich, A. Malafosse and P. Szepetowski. 2010. Functional variant in complement C3 gene promoter and genetic susceptibility to temporal lobe epilepsy and febrile seizures. PLoS One. 5(9): pii:e12740.
112. Johannsen, S., K. Duning, H. Pravendstadt, J. Kremerskothen and T.M. Boeckers. 2008. Temporal-spatial expression and novel biochemical properties of the memory-related protein KIBRA. Neuroscience. 155: 1165-1173.
113. Johnson, V.E., W. Stewart and D.H. Smith. 2010. Traumatic brain injury and amyloid-B pathology: A link to Alzeimer's disease? Nat Rev Neurosci. 11(5): 361-370.
114. Johnson, V.E., W. Stewart, J.E. Stewart, D.I. Graham, A.H. Praestgaad, D.H. Smith and A. Neprilysin. 2009. Polymorphism and Amyloid-beta Plaques Following Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma. 26: 1197-1202.
115. Jones, S.R., R.R. Gainetdinov, M. Jaber, B. Giros, R.M. Wightman and M.G. Caron. 1998. Profound neuronal plasticity in response to inactivation of the dopamine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95(7): 4029-4034. PMID: 9520487.
116. Jönsson, E.G., M.M. Nöthen, F. Grünhage, L. Farde, Y. Nakashima, P. Propping and G.C. Sedvall. 1999. Polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene and their relationships to striatal dopamine receptor density of healthy volunteers. Mol Psychiatry. 4(3): 290-296.
117. Jorge, R.E., R.G. Robinson, S.V. Arndt, S.E. Starkstein, A.W. Forrester and F. Geisler. 1993. Depression following traumatic brain injury: A 1 year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 27: 233-243.
118. Juengst, S.B., R. Kumar, M.D. Failla, A. Goyal, A.K. Wagner. 2014. Acute Inflammatory Associations with Depression after severe TBI. J. Head Trauma Rehabilitation. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2014, Feb 28 [Epub ahead of print].
119. Kendler, K.S., J.W. Kuhn, J. Vittum, C.A. Prescott and B. Riley. 2005. The interaction of stressful life events and a serotonin transporter polymorphism in the prediction of episodes of major depression: A replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62: 529-535.
120. Klein, M.J. 2009. Post head injury endocrine complications. In: C.T. Lorenzo [ed.]. WebMD LL, New York, NY.
121. Kleindienst, A. and M.R. Bullock. 2006. A critical analysis of the role of the neurotrophic protein S100B in acute brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 23: 1185-1200.
122. Kleindienst, A., C. Schmidt, H. Parsch, I. Emtmann, Y. Xu and M. Buchfelder. 2010. The passage of S100b from brain to blood is not specifically related to the blood-brain barrier integrity. Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 1-8.
123. Kline, A.E., H.Q. Yan, J. Bao, D.W. Marion and C.E. Dixon. 2000. Chronic methylphenidate treatment enhances water maze performance following traumatic brain injury in rats. Neurosci Lett. 280: 163-166.
124. Kochanek, K., T. Novack, R. Nakase-Richardson, M. Sherer, A.B. Frol, W. Gordon, R.A. Hanks, J.T. Giacino and J.H. Ricker. 2008. Feasibility of a brief neuropsychological test battery during acute inpatient rehabilitation after TBI. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 89(5): 242-249.
125. Kochanek, P.M., V.A. Vagni, K.L. Janesko, C.B. Washington, P.K. Crumrine, R.H. Garman, L.W. Jenkins, R.S. Clark, G.E. Homanics, C.E. Dixon, J. Schnermann and E.K. Jackson. 2006. Adenosine A1 receptor knockout mice develop lethal status epilepticus after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 26: 565-575.
126. Korfias, S., G. Stranjalis, A. Papadimitriou, C. Psachoulia, G. Daskalakis, A. Antsaklis and D.E. Sakas. 2006. Serum S-100B protein as a biochemical marker of brain injury: A review of current concepts. Curr Med Chem. 13: 3719-3731.
127. Krause, K.H., S.H. Dresel, J. Krause, H.F. Kung and K. Tatsch. 2000. Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography. Neurosci Lett. 285(2): 107-110.
128. Kremerskothen, J., C. Plaas, K. Büther, I. Finger, S. Veltel, T. Matanis, T. Liedtke and A. Barnekow. 2002. Characterization of KIBRA, a novel WW domain-containing protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 300: 862-867.
129. Krueger, F., M. Pardini, E.D. Huey, V. Raymont, J. Solomon, R.H. Lipsky, C.A. Hodgkinson, D. Goldman and J. Grafman. 2011. The role of the Met66 brain-derived neurotrophic factor allele in the recovery of executive functioning after combat-related traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosci. 31: 598-606.
130. Kumar, R., J.A. Boles, M.D. Failla and A.K. Wagner. 2014. Chronic Inflammation Characterization after severe TBI and associations with outcome. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2014, Jun 4 [Epub ahead of print].
131. Kuo, P.H., G. Kalsi, C.A. Prescott, C.A. Hodgkinson, D. Goldman, J. Alexander, E.J. van den Oord, X. Chen, P.F. Sullivan, D.G. Patterson, D. Walsh, K.S. Kendler and B.P. Riley. 2009. Associations of glutamate decarboxylase genes with initial sensitivity and age-at-onset of alcohol dependence in the Irish affected Sib Pair Study of Alcohol Dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 101: 80-87.
132. Kwan, P., L. Baum and V. Wong. 2007. Association between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and drug-resistant epilepsy in Han Chinese. Epilepsy Behav. 11(1): 112-117.
133. Kwan, P., V. Wong, P.W. Ng, C.H. Lui, N.C. Sin, W.S. Poon, H.K. Ng, K.S. Wong and L. Baum. 2009. Gene-wide tagging study of association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and multidrug resistance in epilepsy in Han Chinese. Pharmacogenomics. 10(5): 723-732. doi: 10.2217/pgs.09.32.
134. Lanctôt, K.L., M.J. Rapoport, F. Chan, R.D. Rajaram, J. Strauss, T. Sicard, S. McCullagh, A. Feinstein, A. Kiss, J.L. Kennedy, A.S. Bassett and N. Herrmann. 2010. Genetic predictors of response to treatment with citalopram in depression secondary to traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 24(7-8): 959-969.
135. Leblanc, J., E. de Guise, N. Gosselin and M. Feyz. 2006. Comparison of functional outcome following acute care in young, middle aged, and elderly patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 20(8): 779-790.
136. Leibrock, J., F. Lottspeich, A. Hohn, M. Hofer, B. Hengerer, P. Masiakowski, H. Thoenen and Y. A. Barde. 1989. Molecular cloning and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Nature. 341: 149-152.
137. Liou, A.K., R.S. Clark, D.C. Henshall, X.M. Yin and J. Chen. 2003. To die or not to die for neurons in ischemia, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy: A review on the stress-activated signaling pathways and apoptotic pathways. Prog Neurobiol. 69: 103-142.
138. Lipsky, R.H., M.B. Sparling, L.M. Ryan, K. Xu, A.M. Salazar, D. Goldman and D.L. Warden. 2005. Association of COMT Val158Met genotype with executive functioning following traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 17(4): 465-471. PMID: 16387984.
139. Liu, Y., H. Zou, A.C. Michael and A.K. Wagner. 2009. Gender comparisons in neurochemical effects of methylphenidate on striatal neurotransmission of rats with experimental traumatic brain injury. Program No. 618.27-Tu 2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience. Online.
140. Lu, B. 2003. Pro-region of neurotrophins: Role in synaptic modulation. Neuron. 39: 735-738.
141. Luikart, B.W. and L.F. Parada. 2006. Receptor tyrosine kinase B-mediated excitatory synaptogenesis. Prog Brain Res. 157: 15-24.
142. Lumpkins, K.M., G.V. Bochicchio, K. Keledjian, J.M. Simard, M. McCunn and T. Scalea. 2008. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is highly correlated with brain injury. J Trauma. 65: 778-782.
143. MacLusky, N.J., T. Hajszan, J. Prange-Kiel and C. Leranth. 2006. Androgen modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuroscience. 138: 957-965.
144. Maher, B.S., M.L. Marazita, R.E. Ferrell and M.M. Vanyukov. 2002. Dopamine system genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. Psychiatr Genet. 12(4): 207-215.
145. Manuck, S.B., J.D. Flory, R.E. Ferrell, J.J. Mann and M.F. Muldoon. 2000. A regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene may be associated with variability in aggression, impulsivity, and central nervous system serotonergic responsivity. Psychiatry Res. 95(1): 9-23.
146. Masel, B.E. and D.S. DeWitt. 2010. Traumatic brain injury: A disease process, not an event. J Neurotrauma. 27: 1529-1540.
147. Masliah, E., A.M. Fagan, R.D. Terry, R. DeTeresa, M. Mallory and F.H. Gage. 1991. Reactive synaptogenesis assessed by synaptophysin immunoreactivity is associated with GAP-43 in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat. Exp Neurol. 113: 131-142.
148. Mauri, M., E. Sinforiani, G. Bono, R. Cittadella, A. Quattrone, F. Boller and G. Nappi. 2006. Interaction between apolipoprotein epsilon 4 and traumatic brain injury in patients with Alzeimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Funct Neurol. 21(4): 223-228.
149. McAllister, A.K., D.C. Lo and L.C. Katz. 1995. Neurotrophins regulate dendritic growth in developing visual cortex. Neuron. 15(4): 791-803.
150. McAllister, T.W. 2010. Genetic factors modulating outcome after neurotrauma. PMR. 2: S241-S252.
151. McAllister, T.W., L.A. Flashman, C. Harker Rhodes, A.L. Tyler, J.H. Moore, A.J. Saykin, B.C. McDonald, T.D. Tosteson and G.J. Tsongalis. 2008. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ANKK1 and the dopamine D2 receptor gene affect cognitive outcome shortly after traumatic brain injury: A replication and extension study. Brain Inj. 22: 705-714.
152. Metting, Z., N. Wilczak, L.A. Rodiger, J.M. Schaaf and J. van der Naalt. 2012. GFAP and S100B in the acute phase of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 78(18): 1428-1433.
153. Michelhaugh, S.K., C. Fiskerstrand, E. Lovejoy, M.J. Bannon and J.P. Quinn. 2001. The dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) variable number of tandem repeats domain enhances transcription in dopamine neurons. J Neurochem. 79(5): 1033-1038.
154. Miller, M.A., Y. Conley, J.M. Scanlon, D. Ren, M. Ilyas Kamboh, C. Niyonkuru and A.K. Wagner. 2010. APOE genetic associations with seizure development after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 24(12): 1468-1477.
155. Missler, U., M. Wiesmann, G. Wittmann, O. Magerkurth and H. Hagenström. 1999. Measurement of glial firbrillary acidic protein in human blood: Analytical method and preliminary clinical results. Clin Chem. 45: 138-141.
156. Momose, Y., M. Murata, K. Kobayashi, M. Tachikawa, Y. Nakabayashi, I. Kanazawa and T. Toda. 2002. Association studies of multiple candidate genes for Parkinson's disease using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Ann Neurol. 51(1): 133-136. erratum in Ann Neurol. 51(4): 534.
157. Mondello, S., L. Papa, A. Buki, M.R. Bullock, E. Czeiter, F.C. Tortella, K.K. Wang and R.L. Hayes. 2011. Neuronal and glial markers are differently associated with computed tomography findings and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A case control study. Crit Care. 15(3): R156.
158. Muir, J.K., D. Lobner, H. Monyer and D.W. Choi. 1996. GABAA receptor activation attenuates excitotoxicity but exacerbates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 16(6): 1211-1218.
159. Nacmias, B., V. Bessi, S. Bagnoli, A. Tedde, E. Cellini, C. Piccini, S. Sorbi and L. Bracco. 2008. KIBRA gene variants are associated with episodic memory performance in subjective memory complaints. Neurosci Lett. 436: 145-147.
160. Naeimi, Z.S., A. Weinhofer, K. Sarahrudi, T. Heinz and V. Vécsei. 2006. Predictive value of S-100B protein and neuron specific-enolase as markers of traumatic brain damage in clinical use. Brain Inj. 20: 463-468.
161. Nakamura, M., R. Raghupathi, D.E. Merry, U. Scherbel, K.E. Saatman and T.K. McIntosh. 1999. Overexpression of Bcl-2 is neuroprotective after experimental brain injury in transgenic mice. J Comp Neurol. 412: 681-692.
162. Need, A.C., D.K. Attix, J.M. McEvoy, E.T. Cirulli, K.N. Linney, A.P. Wagoner, C.E. Gumbs, I. Giegling, H.J. Möller, C. Francks, P. Muglia, A. Roses, G. Gibson, M.E. Weale, D. Rujescu and D.B. Goldstein. 2008. Failure to replicate effect of Kibra on human memory in two large cohorts of European origin. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 147B: 667-668.
163. Neese, S.L., L.K. Sherill, A.A. Tan, R.W. Roosevelt, R.A. Browning, D.C. Smith, A. Duke and R.W. Clough. 2007. Vagus nerve stimulation may protect GABAergic neurons following traumatic brain injury in rats: An immunocytochemical study. Brain Res. 1128(1): 157-163.
164. D.L. Warden, B. Gordon, T.W. McAllister, J.M. Silver, J.T. Barth, J. Bruns, A. Drake, T. Gentry, A. Jagoda, D.I. Katz, J. Kraus, L.A. Labbate, L.M. Ryan, M.B. Sparling, B. Walters, J. Whyte, A. Zapata and G. Zitnay. 2006. Guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 23(10): 1468-1501.
165. Neves-Pereira, M., E. Mundo, P. Muglia, N. King, F. Macciardi and J.L. Kennedy. 2002. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene confers susceptibility to bipolar disorder: Evidence from a family-based association study. Am J Hum Genet. 71: 651-655.
166. Newcorn, J.H. 2001. New treatments and approaches for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 3(2): 87-91.
167. Nilsson, P., E. Ronne-Engstrom, R. Flink, U. Ungerstedt, H. Carlson and L. Hillered. 1994. Epileptic seizure activity in the acute phase following cortical impact trauma in rat. Brain Res. 637: 227-232.
168. Niyonkuru, C., A.K. Wagner, H. Ozawa, E.H. McCullough, A. Goyal, K. Amin and A. Fabio. 2013. Biomarker applications for group based trajectory analysis and prognostic model development in severe TBI: A practical example. J Neurotrauma. 2013 Jun 1; 30(11): 938-45.
169. Noble, E.P. 2000. Addiction and its reward process through polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor gene: a review. Eur Psychiatry. 15(2): 79-89.
170. Noble, E.P., L.A. Gottschalk, J.H. Fallon, T.L. Ritchie and J.C. Wu. 1997. D2 dopamine receptor polymorphism and brain regional glucose metabolism. Am J Med Genet. 74(2): 162-166. PMID: 9129716.
171. Nylén, K., M. Ost, L.Z. Csajbok, I. Nilsson, C. Hall, K. Blennow, B. Nellgård and L. Rosengren. 2008. Serum levels of S100B, S100A1B and S100BB are all related to outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir. 150: 221-227.
172. Nylén, K., M. Ost, L.Z. Csajbok, I. Nilsson, K. Blennow, B. Nellgård and L. Rosengren. 2006. Increased serum-GFAP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury is related to outcome. J Neurol Sci. 240: 85-91.
173. O'Dell, D.M., C.J. Gibson, M.S. Wilson, S.M. DeFord and R.J. Hamm. 2000. Positive and negative modulation of the GABA(A) receptor and outcome after traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res. 861(2): 325-332.
174. Oechsner, M., C. Buhmann, J. Strauss and H.J. Stuerenberg. 2002. COMT-inhibition increases serum levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm. 109(1): 69-75.
175. Oestreicher, A.B., N.E. De Graan, W.H. Gispen, J. Verhaagen and L.H. Schrama. 1997. B-50, the growth associated protein-43: Modulation of cell morphology and communication in the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol. 53: 627-686.
176. Okada, T., R. Hasimoto, T. Numakawa, Y. Iijima, A. Kosuga, M. Tatsumi, K. Kamijima, T. Kato and H. Kunugi. 2006. A complex polymorphic region in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene confers susceptibility to bipolar disorder and affects transcriptional activity. Mol Psychiatry. 11: 695-703.
177. Oswald, P., J. Del-Favero, I. Massat, D. Souery, S. Claes, C. Van Broeckhoven and J. Mendlewicz. 2005. No implication of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in unipolar affective disorder: Evidence from Belgian first and replication patient-control studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 15: 491-495.
178. Palmer, A.M., D.W. Marion, M.L. Botscheller, P.E. Swedlow, S.D. Styren and S.T. DeKosky. 1993. Traumatic brain injury-induced excitotoxicity assessed in a controlled cortical impact model. J Neurochem. 61(6): 2015-2024.
179. Papa, L., L. Akinyi, M.C. Liu, J.A. Pineda, J.J. Tepas, M.W. Oli, W. Zheng, G. Robinson, S.A. Robicsek, A. Gabrielli, S.C. Heaton, H.J. Hannay, J.A. Demery, G.M. Brophy, J. Layon, C.S. Robertson, R.L. Hayes and K.K. Wang. 2010. Ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase is a novel biomarker in humans for severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 38: 138-144.
180. Papa, L., L.M. Lewis, J.L. Falk, Z. Zhang, S. Silvestri, P. Giordano, G.M. Brophy, J.A. Demery, N.K. Dixit, I. Ferguson, M.C. Liu, J. Mo, L. Akinyi, K. Schmid, S. Mondello, C.S. Robertson, F.C. Tortella, R.L. Hayes and K.K. Wang. 2012. Elevated levels of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein breakdown products in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury are associated with intracranial lesions and neurosurgical intervention. Ann Emerg Med. 59(6): 471-483.
181. Papassotiropoulos, A., D.A. Stephen, M.J. Huentelman, F.J. Hoerndli, D.W. Craig, J.V. Pearson, K.D. Huynh, F. Brunner, J. Corneveaux, D. Osborne, M.A. Wollmer, A. Aerni, D. Coluccia, J. Hänggi, C.R. Mondadori, A. Buchmann, E.M. Reiman, R.J. Caselli, K. Henke and D.J. de Quervain. 2006. Common Kibra alleles are associated with human memory performance. Science. 314: 475-478.
182. Pazos, A., A. Probst and J.M. Palacios. 1987. Serotonin receptors in the human brain-iv. Autoradiographic mapping of serotonin-2 receptors. Neuroscience. 21: 123-139.
183. Pelinka, L.E., A. Kroepfl, M. Leixnering, W. Buchinger, A. Raabe and H. Redl. 2004a. GFAP versus S100B in serum after traumatic brain injury: Relationship to brain damage and outcome. J Neurotrauma. 21: 1553-1561.
184. Pelinka, L.E., A. Kroepfl, R. Schmidhammer, M. Krenn, W. Buchinger, H. Redl and A. Raabe. 2004b. Glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum after traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma. J Trauma. 57: 1006-1012.
185. Pelinka, L.E., L. Szalay, M. Jafarmadar, R. Schmidhammer, H. Redl and S. Bahrami. 2003. Circulating S100B is increased after bilateral femur fracture without brain injury in the rat. Br J Anaesth. 91: 595-597.
186. Pettus, E.H., C.W. Chritman, M.L. Giebel and J.T. Povlishock. 1994. Traumatically induced altered membrane permeability: Its relationship to traumatically induced reactive axonal change. J Neurotrauma. 11: 507-522.
187. Petzold, A., G. Keir, D. Lim, M. Smith and E.J. Thompson. 2003. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum S100B: Release and wash-out pattern. Brain Res Bull. 61: 281-285.
188. Pezawas, L., B.A. Verchinski, V.S. Mattay, J.H. Callicott, B.S. Kolachana, R.E. Straub, M.F. Egan, A. Meyer-Lindenberg and D.R. Weinberger. 2004. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism and variation in human cortical morphology. J Neurosci. 24: 10099-10102.
189. Pohjalainen, T., J.O. Rinne, K. Någren, P. Lehikoinen, K. Anttila, E.K. Syvälahti and J. Hietala. 1998. The A1 allele of the human D2 dopamine receptor gene predicts low D2 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. Mol Psychiatry. 3(3): 256-260.
190. Poo, M.M. 2001. Neurotrophins as synaptic modulators. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2: 24-32.
191. Raabe, A., C. Grolms, O. Sorge, M. Zimmermann and V. Seifert. 1999. Serum S-100B protein in severe head injury. Neurosurgery. 45: 477-483.
192. Raghupathi, R., S.C. Fernandez, H. Murai, S.P. Trusko, R.W. Scott, W.K. Nishioka and T.K. McIntosh. 1998. BCL-2 overexpression attenuates cortical cell loss after traumatic brain injury in transgenic mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 18: 1259-1269.
193. Rainey, T., M. Lesko, R. Sacho, F. Lecky and C. Childs. 2009. Predicting outcome after severe traumatic brain injury using the serum S100B biomarker: Results using a single (24 h) time-point. Resuscitation. 80: 341-345.
194. Rapoport, M.J., N. Herrmann, P. Shammi, A. Kiss, A. Phillips and A. Feinstein. 2006. Outcome after traumatic brain injury sustained in older adulthood: A one-year longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 14: 456-465.
195. Rapoport, M.J., S. McCullagh, D. Streiner and A. Feinstein. 2003. The clinical significance of major depression following mild traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics. 44: 31-37.
196. Rapoport, M.J., S. McCullagh, P. Shammi and A. Feinstein. 2005. Cognitive impairment associated with major depression following mild and moderate traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 17: 61-65.
197. Raymont, V., A. Greathouse, K. Reding, R. Lipsky, A. Salazar and J. Grafman. 2008. Demographic, structural and genetic predictors of late cognitive decline after penetrating head injury. Brain. 131: 543-558.
198. Ribases, M., M. Gratacos, L. Armengol, R. de Cid, A. Badia, L. Jiménez, R. Solano, J. Vallejo, F. Fernández and X. Estivill. 2003. Met66 in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) precursor is associated with anorexia nervosa restrictive type. Mol Psychiatry. 8: 745-751.
199. Robertson, C.L., M.J. Bell, P.M. Kochanek, P.D. Adelson, R.A. Ruppel, J.A. Carcillo, S.R. Wisniewski, Z. Mi, K.L. Janesko, R.S. Clark, D.W. Marion, S.H. Graham and E.K. Jackson. 2001. Increased adenosine in cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: Association with severity of injury and excitotoxicity. Crit Care Med. 29: 2287-2293.
200. Robinson, R.G. and B. Szetela. 1981. Mood change following left hemispheric brain injury. Ann Neurol. 9: 447-453.
201. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E., J. Infante, J. Llorca, I. Mateo, C. Sánchez-Quintana, I. García-Gorostiaga, P. Sánchez-Juan, J. Berciano and O. Combarros. 2009. Age-dependent association of KIBRA genetic and Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurobiol Aging. 30: 322-324.
202. Rostami, E., F. Krueger, S. Zoubak, O. Dal Monte, V. Raymont, M. Pardini, C.A. Hodgkinson, D. Goldman, M. Risling and J. Grafman. 2011. BDNF polymorphism predicts general intelligence after penetrating traumatic brain injury. PLoS One. 6(11): e27389.
203. Rowe, D.C., E.J. den Oord, C. Stever, L.N. Giedinghagen, J.M. Gard, H.H. Cleveland, M. Gilson, S.T. Terris, J.H. Mohr, S. Sherman, A. Abramowitz and I.D. Waldman. 1999. The DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 4(6): 580-586.
204. Rudolphi, K.A., P. Schubert, F.E. Parkinson and B.B. Fredholm. 1992. Adenosine and brain ischemia. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev. 4: 346-369. Review.
205. Rujescu, D., I. Giegling, A. Gietl, A.M. Hartmann and H.J. Möller. 2003. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (V158M) in the COMT gene is associated with aggressive personality traits. Biol Psychiatry. 54(1): 34-39.
206. Ruppel, R.A., P.M. Kochanek, P.D. Adelson, M.E. Rose, S.R. Wisniewski, M.J. Bell, R.S. Clark, D.W. Marion and S.H. Graham. 2001. Excitatory amino acid concentrations in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid after severe traumatic brain injury in infants and children: The role of child abuse. J Pediatr. 138(1): 18-25.
207. Salonia, R., P.E. Empey, S.M. Poloyac, S.R. Wisniewski, A. Klamerus, H. Ozawa, A.K. Wagner, R. Ruppel, M.J. Bell, K. Feldman, P.D. Adelson, R.S.B. Clark and M. Kochanek. 2010. Endothelin-1 is increased in cerebrospinal fluid and associated with unfavorable outcomes in children after severe TBI. J Neurotrauma. 27(10): 1819-1825.
208. Santarsieri, M., C. Niyonkuru, E.H. McCullough, T. Loucks, J. Dobos, C.E. Dixon, S. Berga and A.K. Wagner. 2014. CNS Cortisol and Progesterone Profiles and Outcomes after Severe TBI. J Neurotrauma 2014, Feb 6 [Epub ahead of print].
209. Satchell, M.A., Y. Lai, P.M. Kochanek, S.R. Wisniewski, E.L. Fink, N.A. Siedberg, R.P. Berger, S.T. DeKosky, P.D. Adelson and R.S. Clark. 2005. Cytochrome c, a biomarker of apoptosis, is increased in cerebrospinal fluid from infants with inflicted brain injury from child abuse. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 25: 919-927.
210. Scanlon, J.M., Y.P. Conley, J. Ricker, C. Niyonkuru, C.E. Dixon and A.K. Wagner. 2009. Genetic variability for the dopamine transporter influences TBI outcome. J Neurotrauma. 26(8): A-90-Online.
211. Scher, A.I., H. Wu, J.W. Tsao, H.J. Blom, P. Feit, R.L. Nevin and K.A. Schwab. 2011. MTHFR C677T genotype as a risk factor for epilepsy including post-traumatic epilepsy in a representative military cohort. J Neurotrauma. 28(9): 1739-1745.
212. Schulze, T.G., D.J. Müller, H. Krauss, H. Scherk, S. Ohlraun, Y.V. Syagailo, C. Windemuth, H. Neidt, M. Grässle, A. Papassotiropoulos, R. Heun, M.M. Nöthen, W. Maier, K.P. Lesch and M. Rietschel. 2000. Association between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase: A gene promoter and major depressive disorder. Am J Med Genet. 96(6): 801-803.
213. Schumacher, J., R.A. Jamra, T. Becker, S. Ohlraun, N. Klopp, E.B. Binder, T.G. Schulze, M. Deschner, C. Schmäl, S. Höfels, A. Zobel, T. Illig, P. Propping, F. Holsboer, M. Rietschel, M.M. Nöthen and S. Cichon. 2005. Evidence for a relationship between genetic variants 270 Biomarkers of Brain Injury and Neurological Disorders at the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) locus and major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 58: 307-314.
214. Sesack, S.R., V.A. Hawrylak, C. Matus, M.A. Guido and A.I. Levey. 1998. Dopamine axon varicosities in the prelimbic division of the rat prefrontal cortex exhibit sparse immunoreactivity for the dopamine transporter. J Neurosci. 18: 2697-2708.
215. Silver, J.M., T.W. McAllister and D.B. Arciniegas. 2009. Depression and cognitive complaints following mild traumatic brain injury. Am J Psychiatry. 166: 653-661.
216. Simpson, E.R. 2004. Aromatase: Biologic relevance of tissue-specific expression. Semin Reprod Med. 22: 11-23.
217. Sivanandam, T. and M.K. Thakur. 2012. Traumatic brain injury: A risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 36: 1376-1381.
218. Sklar, P., S.B. Gabriel, M.G. McInnis, P. Bennett, Y.M. Lim, G. Tsan, S. Schaffner, G. Kirov, I. Jones, M. Owen, N. Craddock, J.R. DePaulo and E.S. Lander. 2002. Family-based association study of 76 candidate genes in bipolar disorder: BDNF is a potential risk locus. Brain-derived neutrophic factor. Mol Psychiatry. 7: 579-593.
219. Stein, D.G. and D.W. Wright. 2010. Progesterone in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic brain injury. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 19: 847-857.
220. Stein, D.G. and M.M. Cekic. 2011. Progesterone and vitamin d hormone as a biologic treatment of traumatic brain injury in the aged. PMR. 3: S100-S110.
221. Strauss, J., C.L. Barr, C.J. George, B. Devlin, A. Vetro, E. Kiss, I. Baji, N. King, S. Shaikh, M. Lanktree, M. Kovacs and J.L. Kennedy. 2005. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor variants are associated with childhood-onset mood disorder: Confirmation in a Hungarian sample. Mol Psychiatry. 10: 861-867.
222. Strittmatter, S.M., D. Valenzuela, T.E. Kennedy, E.J. Neer and M.C. Fishman. 1990. GO is a major growth cone protein subject to regulation by GAP-43. Nature. 344: 836-841.
223. Stroemer, R.P., T.A. Kent and C.E. Hulsebosch. 1993. Acute increases in GAP-43 expression following cortical ischemia. Neurosci Lett. 162: 51-54.
224. Stroemer, R.P., T.A. Kent and C.E. Hulsebosch. 1995. Neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis and behavioral recovery following neocortical infarction in rats. Stroke. 26: 2135-2144.
225. Surtees, P.G., N.W. Wainwright, S.A. Willis-Owen, R. Luben, N.E. Day and J. Flint. 2006. Social adversity, the serotonin transporter (5-httlpr) polymorphism and major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 59: 224-229.
226. Swanson, J.M. 2000. Dopamine-transporter density in patients with ADHD. [comment]. Lancet. 355(9213): 1461-1462.
227. Szeszko, P.R., R. Lipsky, C. Mentschel, D. Robinson, H. Gunduz-Bruce, S. Sevy, M. Ashtari, B. Napolitano, R.M. Bilder, J.M. Kane, D. Goldman and A.K. Malhotra. 2005. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism and volume of the hippocampal formation. Mol Psychiatry. 10: 631-636.
228. Tassin, J.P., J. Bockaert, G. Blanc, L. Stinus, A.M. Thierry, S. Lavielle, J. Prémont and J. Glowinski. 1978. Topographical distribution of dopaminergic innervation and dopaminergic receptors of the anterior cerebral cortex of the rat. Brain Res. 154(2): 241-251.
229. Teasdale, G.M., G.D. Murray and J.A. Nicoll. 2005. The association between APOE epsilon4, age, and outcome after head injury: A prospective cohort study. Brain. 128: 2556-2561.
230. Tehranian, R., M.E. Rose, V. Vagni, R.P. Griffith, S. Wu, S. Maits, X. Zhang, R.S. Clark, C.E. Dixon, P.M. Kochanek, O. Bernard and S.H. Graham. 2006. Transgenic mice that overexpress the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein have improved histological outcome but unchanged behavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. 1101: 126-135.
231. Testa, J.A., J.F, Malec, A.M. Moessner and A.W. Brown. 2005. Outcome after traumatic brain injury: Effects of aging on recovery. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 86(9): 1815-1823.
232. Thompson, J., N. Thomas, A. Singleton, M. Piggott, S. Lloyd, E.K. Perry, C.M. Morris, R.H. Perry, I.N. Ferrier and J.A. Court. 1997. D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) Taq1 A polymorphism: Reduced dopamine D2 receptor binding in the human striatum associated with the A1 allele. Pharmacogenetics. 7(6): 479-484.
233. Thurman, D.J., C. Alverson, K.A. Dunn, J. Guerrero and J.E. Sniezek. 1999. Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: A public health perspective. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 14(6): 602-615.
234. Timmons, S.D. and S.A. Toms. 2012. Comparative effectiveness research in neurotrauma. Neurosurg Focus. 33(1): E3.
235. Tongaonkar, P., L. Chen, D. Lambertson, B. Ko and K. Madura. 2000. Evidence for an interaction between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the 26S proteasome. Mol Cell Biol. 20: 4691-4698.
236. Townend, W. and T. Ingebrigtsen. 2006. Head injury outcome prediction: a role for protein S-100B? Injury. 37: 1098-1108.
237. Townend, W.J., M.J. Guy, M.A. Pani, B. Martin and D.W. Yates. 2002. Head injury outcome prediction in the emergency department: A role for protein S-100B? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 73: 542-546.
238. Trivedi, M.H., A.J. Rush, S.R. Wisniewski, A.A. Nierenberg, D. Warden, L. Ritz, G. Norquist, R.H. Howland, B. Lebowitz, P.J. McGrath, K. Shores-Wilson, M.M. Biggs, G.K. Balasubramani, M. Favaand STAR*D Study Team. 2006. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: Implications for clinical practice. Am J Psychiatry. 163: 28-40.
239. Tsai, S.J., C.J. Hong, Y.W. Yu and T.J. Chen. 2004. Association study of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and personality trait and intelligence in healthy young females. Neuropsychobiology. 49: 13-16.
240. Ucar, T., A. Baykal, M. Akyuz, L. Dosemeci and B. Toptas. 2004. Comparison of serum and cerebrospinal fluid protein S-100b levels after severe head injury and their prognostic importance. J Trauma. 57: 95-98.
241. Uzan, M., H. Erman, T. Tanriverdi, G.Z. Sanus, A. Kafadar and H. Uzun. 2006. Evaluation of apoptosis in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 148: 1157-1164.
242. Virgos, C., L. Martorell, J. Valero, L. Figuera, F. Civeira, J. Joven, A. Labad and E. Vilella. 2001. Association study of schizophrenia with polymorphisms at six candidate genes. Schizophr Research. 49(1-2): 65-71.
243. Vos, P.E., B. Jacobs, T.M.J.C. Andriessen, K.J. Lamers, G.F. Borm, T. Beems, M. Edwards, C.F. Rosmalen and J.L. Vissers. 2010. GFAP and S100B are biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 75: 1786-1793.
244. Vos, P.E., K.J. Lamers, J.C. Hendriks, M. van Haaren, T. Beems, C. Zimmerman, W. van Geel, H. de Reus, J. Biert and M.M. Verbeek. 2004. Glial and neuronal proteins in serum predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 62: 1303-1310.
245. Wagner, A.K. 2010. Translational TBI rehabilitation research in the 21st century: Exploring a Rehabilomics research model. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 46(4): 549-556.
246. Wagner, A.K. 2011. Rehabilomics: A conceptual framework to drive biologics research. PMR. 3(6 suppl. 1): S28-30.
247. Wagner, A.K. and K.T. Zitelli. 2013. A Rehabilomics focused perspective on molecular mechanisms underlying neurological injury, complications, and recovery after severe TBI. Pathophysiology. 20(1): 39-48.
248. Wagner, A.K., A. Fabio, A.M. Puccio, R. Hirchberg, W. Li, R.D. Zafonte and D.W. Marion. 2005a. Gender associations with cerebrospinal fluid glutamate and lactate/pyruvate levels after severe traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med. 33(2): 407-413.
249. Wagner, A.K., J.E. Sokoloski, D. Ren, X. Chen, A.S. Khan, R.D. Zafonte, A.C. Michael and C.E. Dixon. 2005b. Controlled cortical impact injury affects dopaminergic transmission in the rat striatum. JNeurochem. 95(2): 457-465.
250. Wagner, A.K., X. Chen, A.E. Kline, R.D. Zafonte and C.E. Dixon. 2005c. Gender and environmental enrichment impact dopamine transporter expression after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 195(2): 475-483.
251. Wagner, A.K., D. Ren, Y.P. Conley, X. Ma, M.E. Kerr, R.D. Zafonte, A.M. Puccio, D.W. Marion and C.E. Dixon. 2007. Sex and Genetic associations with cerebral fluid dopamine and metabolite production after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 106: 538-547.
252. Wagner, A.K., E.H. McCullough, C. Niyonkuru, H. Ozawa, T.L. Loucks, J.A. Dobos, C.A. Brett, M. Santarsieri, C.E. Dixon, S.L. Berga and A. Fabio. 2011a. Acute serum hormone levels: Characterization and prognosis after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 28(6): 871-888.
253. Wagner, A.K., K. Amin, C. Niyonkuru, B.A. Postal, E.H. McCullough, H. Ozawa, H. Bayir, R.S. Clark, P.M. Kochanek and A. Fabio. 2011b. CSF Bcl-2 and Cytochrome C temporal profiles in outcome prediction for adults with severe TBI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 31(9): 1886-1896. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.31.
254. Wagner, A.K., H. Bayir, D. Ren, A. Puccio, R.D. Zafonte and P. Kochanek. 2004. Relationships between cerebrospinal fluid markers of excitotoxicity, ischemia, and oxidative damage after severe TBI: The impact of gender, age, and hypothermia. J Neurotrauma. 21(2): 125-136. PMID: 15000754.
255. Wagner, A.K., J.E. Sokoloski, X. Chen, R. Harun, D.P. Clossin, A.S. Khan, M. Andes-Koback, A.C. Michael and C.E. Dixon. 2009a. Controlled cortical impact injury influences methylphenidate-induced changes in striatal dopamine neurotransmission. J Neurochem. 110: 801-810. PMID: 19457094.
256. Wagner, A.K., L. Drewencki, X. Chen, F.R. Santos, A.S. Khan, R. Harun, G. Torres, A.C. Michael and C.E. Dixon. 2009b. Chronic methylphenidate treatment enhances striatal dopamine neurotransmission after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem. 108(4): 986-997.
257. Wagner, A.K., C.A. Brett, E.H. McCullough, C. Niyonkuru, T.L. Loucks, C.E. Dixon, J. Ricker, P. Arenth and S.L. Berga. 2012a. Persistent hypogonadism influences estradiol synthesis, cognition and outcome in males after severe TBI. Brain Inj. 26(10): 1226-1242.
258. Wagner, A.K., L.E. Hatz, J.M. Scanlon, C. Niyonkuru, M.A. Miller, J.H. Ricker, Y.P. Conley and R.E. Ferrell. 2012b. Association of KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism and episodic memory in individuals with severe TBI. Brain Inj. 26(13-14): 1658-1669.
259. Wagner, A.K., M.A. Miller, J. Scanlon, D. Ren, P.M. Kochanek and Y.P. Conley. 2010. Adenosine A1 receptor gene variants associated with post-traumatic seizures after severe TBI. Epilepsy Res. 90(3): 259-272. PMID: 20609566.
260. Wagner, A.K. and S.A. Sowa. 2014. Rehabilomics Research: a Model for Translational Rehabilitation and Comparative Effectiveness Rehabilitation Research. AJPMR. 2014, Jun 4 [Epub ahead of print].
261. Wagner, A.K., J.M. Scanlon, C. Niyonkuru, C.E. Dixon, Y.P. Conley, C. Becker and J. Price. 2014. Genetic variation in the Dopamine Transporter gene and the D2 receptor gene influences Striatal DAT Binding in Adults with Severe TBI. JCBFM. 2014, May 21. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.87 [Epub ahead of Print].
262. Webster, M.J., M.B. Knable, N. Johnston-Wilson, K. Nagata, M. Inagaki and R.H. Yolken. 2001. Immunohistochemical localization of phosphorylated glial fibrillary acidic protein in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Brain Behav Immun. 15: 388-400.
263. Whyte, J., T. Hart, M. Vaccaro, P. Grieb-Neff, A. Risser, M. Polansky and H.B. Coslett. 2004. Effects of methylphenidate on attention deficits after traumatic brain injury: A multidimensional, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 83(6): 401-420.
264. Wilhelm, K., P.B. Mitchell, H. Niven, A. Finch, L. Wedgwood, A. Scimone, I.P. Blair, G. Parker and P.R. Schofield. 2006. Life events, first depression onset and the serotonin transporter gene. Br J Psychiatry. 188: 210-215.
265. Wishart, H.A., R.M. Roth, A.J. Saykin, C.H. Rhodes, G.J. Tsongalis, K.A. Pattin, J.H. Moore and T.W. McAllister. 2011. Comt val158met genotype and individual differences in executive function in healthy adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 17(1): 174-180.
266. Woertgen, C., R.D. Rothoerl, C. Metz and A. Brawanski. 1999. Comparison of clinical, radiologic, and serum marker as prognostic factors after severe head injury. J Trauma. 47: 1126-1130.
267. Wright, D.W., A.L. Kellermann, V.S. Hertzberg, P.L. Clark, M. Frankel, F.C. Goldstein, J.P. Salomone, L.L. Dent, O.A. Harris, D.S. Ander, D.W. Lowery, M.M. Patel, D.D. Denson, A.B. Gordon, M.M. Wald, S. Gupta, S.W. Hoffman and D.G. Stein. 2007. ProTECT: A randomized clinical trial of progesterone for acute traumatic brain injury. Ann Emerg Med. 49: 391-402.
268. Yablon, S.A. and V.G. Dostrow. 2001. Pot-traumatic seizures and epilepsy. Phys Med Rehabil: State Art Rev. 15: 301-326.
269. Youmans, K.L., L.M. Tai, E. Nwabuisi-Heath, L. Jungbauer, T. Kanekiyo, M. Gan, J. Kim, W.A. Eimer, S. Estus, G.W. Rebeck, E.J. Weeber, G. Bu, C. Yu and M.J. Ladu. 2012. APOE4-specific changes in Aß accumulation in a new transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem. 287(50): 41774-41786. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.407957.
270. Young, G.B., K.G. Jordan and G.S. Doig. 1996. An assessment of non-convulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: An investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology. 47(1): 83-89.
271. Zalsman, G., Y.Y. Huang, M.A. Oquendo, A.K. Burke, X.Z. Hu, D.A. Brent, S.P. Ellis, D. Goldman and J.J. Mann. 2006. Association of a triallelic serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-httlpr) polymorphism with stressful life events and severity of depression. Am J Psychiatry. 163: 1588-1593.
272. Zhang, X., Y. Chen, L.W. Jenkins, P.M. Kochanek and R.S. Clark. 2005. Bench-to-bedside review: Apoptosis/programmed cell death triggered by traumatic brain injury. Crit Care. 9: 66-75.
273. Zintzaras, E. 2006. C677T and A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression: A meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Psychiatr Genet. 16: 105-115.