Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants used in the treatment of CNS disorders in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volumn 151, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 317-332

  Eissa, T A F ^a   Palomino, O M ^a   Carretero, M E ^a   Gomez Serranillos M P ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Central nervous system disorders; Egypt; Ethnopharmacology; Medicinal plants; Sinai

Indexed keywords

ACHILLEA FRAGRANTISSIMA EXTRACT; ACHILLEA SANTOLINE EXTRACT; AMBROSIA MARITIMA EXTRACT; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANASTATICA HIEROCHUNTICA EXTRACT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; AVENA FATUA EXTRACT; CAPPARIS SPINOSA EXTRACT; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES EXTRACT; CHENOPODIUM VULVARIA EXTRACT; COLOCYNTH EXTRACT; CYPERUS ROTUNDUS EXTRACT; EPHEDRA ALATA EXTRACT; GLOBULARIA ARABICA EXTRACT; HAMMADA ELEGANS EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HERNIARIA HIRSUTA EXTRACT; HYPECOUM PENDULUM EXTRACT; JUNIPERUS PHOENICEA EXTRACT; LEPIDIUM DRABA EXTRACT; PARONYCHIA ARABICA EXTRACT; PULICARIA UNDULADA EXTRACT; SEDATIVE AGENT; SENECIO FLAVUS EXTRACT; SILYBUM MARIANUM EXTRACT; SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL EXTRACT; SPERGULARIA RUBRA EXTRACT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VACCARIA PYRAMIDATA EXTRACT;

ACHILLEA; ACHILLEA FRAGRANTISSIMA; ADULT; AGED; ANACYCLUS ALEXANDRINUS; ANASTATICA HIEROCHUNTICA; ARTICLE; AVENA FATUA; CAPPARIS SPINOSA; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CHENOPODIUM VULVARIA; CONSENSUS; CONTROLLED STUDY; EGYPT; EPHEDRA; FIELD WORK; FLOWER; FRUIT; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; GLOBULARIA ARABICA; HERNIARIA HIRSUTA; HUMAN; HYPECOUM PENDULUM; LEPIDIUM DRABA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICINAL PLANT; PAPAVERACEAE; PARONYCHIA; PLANT LEAF; PLANT SEED; PULICARIA; RAGWEED; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; SENECIO; SILYBUM MARIANUM; SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL; SPERGULARIA RUBRA; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; TRADITIONAL MEDICINE; VACCARIA PYRAMIDATA;

ACACIA NILOTICA; ACHILLEA FRAGRANTISSIMA; AJUGA IVA; MENTHA LONGIFOLIA;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS; EGYPT; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY; MEDICINAL PLANTS; SINAI;

ARABS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; DATA COLLECTION; EGYPT; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; QUESTIONNAIRES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84891484666     PISSN: 03788741     EISSN: 18727573     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.041     Document Type: Article

References (255)

1. F. Abadome, S. Geerts, and V. Kumar Evaluation of the activity of Ambrosia maritima L. against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice J. Ethnopharmacol. 44 1994 195 198
2. M.M. Abd El-Mohsen, M.M. Abd El-Mohsen, N.A. Ehsan, A.A. Hussein, F.M. Hammouda, S.I. Ismail, and M.S. Hiffnawy Hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities of the essential oils of Origanum syriacum (L.), Thymus decussatus (Benth) and Salvia multicaulis (Vahl Enum.) J. Arab Soc. Med. Res. (JASMR) 4 2009 19 24
3. S. Abdalla, M. Abu-Zarga, and S. Sabri Preliminary observations on the pharmacology of petaline chloride, a quaternary alkaloid from Leontice leontopetalum Gen. Pharmacol. 20 1989 565 569
4. A.F. Abdel-Fattah, K. Matsumoto, and H. Watanabe Antinociceptive effects of Nigella sativa oil and its major component, thymoquinone, in mice Eur. J. Pharmacol. 400 2000 89 97
5. S.A. Abdelgaleil, M.A. Abbasy, A.S. Belal, and M.A. Abdel Rasoul Bioactivity of two major constituents isolated from the essential oil of Artemisia judaica L Bioresour. Technol. 99 2008 5947 5950
6. N.M. Abdel-Hady, G.T. Dawoud, A.A. El-Hela, and T.A. Morsy Interrelation of antioxidant, anticancer and antileishmania effects of some selected Egyptian plants and their phenolic constituents J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 41 2011 785 800
7. M.S. Abdel-Kader, S.I. Alqasoumi, and A.M. Al-Taweel Hepatoprotective constituents from Cleome droserifolia Chem. Pharm. Bull. 57 2009 620 624
8. M.A. Abdel-Kawy, S. El-Deib, Z. El-Khyat, and Y.A. Mikhail Chemical and biological studies of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. Part-I Egypt. J. Biomed. Sci. 6 2000 204
9. E. Abdel-Sattar, F.M. Harraz, S.M. Al-Ansari, S. El-Mekkawy, C. Ichino, H. Kiyohara, K. Otoguro, S. Omura, and H. Yamada Antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activity of plants from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia J. Nat. Med. 63 2009 232 239
10. A.O. Abdel-Zaher, S.Y. Salim, M.H. Assaf, and R.H. Abdel-Hady Antidiabetic activity and toxicity of Zizyphus spina-christi leaves J. Ethnopharmacol. 101 2005 129 138
11. L. Abenavoli, R. Capasso, N. Milia, and F. Capasso Milk thistle in liver diseases, past, present future Phytother. Res. 24 2010 1423 1432
12. Y. Abou-Jawdah, H. Sobh, and A. Salameh Antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in Lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi J. Agric. Food Chem. 50 2002 3208 3213
13. B.E. Abu-Irmaileh, and F.U. Afifi Herbal medicine in Jordan with special emphasis on commonly used herbs J. Ethnopharmacol. 89 2003 193 197
14. L. Abu-Nicaj, M. Abu-Zarga, S. Sabri, and S. Abdalla Isolation and biological effects of 7-O-methyleridictyol, a flavanone isolated from Artemisia monosperma, on rat isolated smooth muscles Planta Med. 59 1993 42 45
15. B. Aderbauer, P.H. Clausen, O. Kershaw, and M.F. Melzig In vitro and in vivo trypanocidal effect of lipophilic extracts of medicinal plants from Mali and Burkina Faso J. Ethnopharmacol. 119 2008 225 231
16. B. Adzu, S. Amos, M.B. Amizan, and K. Gamaniel Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal effects of Zizyphus spina-christi stem bark in rats Acta Trop. 87 2003 245 250
17. F. Ahmad, R.A. Khan, and S. Rasheed Study of analgesic and antiinflammatory activity from plant extracts of Lactuca scariola and Artemisia absinthium J. Islamic Acad. Sci. 5 1992 111 114
18. I.M. Ahmad, M.Y. Abdalla, N.H. Mustafa, E.Y. Qnais, and F.A. Abdulla Datura aqueous leaf extract enhances cytotoxicity via metabolic oxidative stress on different human cancer cells Jordan J. Biol. Sci. 2 2009 9 14
19. A.A. Ahmed, A.M. Shalaby, F.R. Melek, and T.J. Mabry Swertisin 2″-arabinoside, a new C-glycosylflavone from Achillea fragrantissima J. Nat. Prod. 51 1988 971 972
20. M.B. Ahmed, and M.R. Khater Evaluation of the protective potential of Ambrosia maritima extract on acetaminophen-induced liver damage J. Ethnopharmacol. 75 2001 169 174
21. O. Akerele Medicinal plants and primary health cares, an agenda for action Fitoterapia 59 1988 355 363
22. S. Akerreta, M.I. Calvo, and R.Y. Cavero Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Navarra (Iberian Peninsula) J. Ethnopharmacol. 130 2010 369 378
23. S. Akerreta, R.Y. Cavero, V. López, and M.I. Calvo Analyzing factors that influence the folk use and phytonomy of 18 medicinal plants in Navarra J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 3 2007 16
24. A.G. Al-Bakri, and F.U. Afifi Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of selected plant extracts by rapid XTT colorimetry and bacterial enumeration J. Microbiol. Methods 68 2007 19 25
25. S.K. Al-Burtamani, M.O. Fatope, R.G. Marwah, A.K. Onifade, and S.H. Al-Saidi Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the essential oil of Haplophyllum tuberculatum from Oman J. Ethnopharmacol. 96 2005 107 112
26. M. Al-Fatimi, V. Friederich, and K. Jenett-Siems Cytotoxicity of plants used in traditional medicine in Yemen Fitoterapia 76 2005 355 358
27. S.S. Al-Ghamdi, A.A. Al-Ghamdi, and A.A. Shammah Inhibition of calcium oxalate nephrotoxicity with Cymbopogon schoenantus (Al-Ethkar) Drug Metab. Lett. 1 2007 214 244
28. A. Al-Hader, M. Aqel, and Z. Hasan Hypoglycemic effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds Int. J. Pharmacogn. 31 1993 96 100
29. T.A. Al-Howiriny, A.J. AL-Rehaily, J.R. Polsc, J.R. Porter, J.S. Mossa, and B. Ahmed Three new diterpenes and the biological activity of different extracts of Jasonia montana Nat. Prod. Res. 19 2005 253 265
30. S.A. Ali, M.Z. Rizk, N.A. Ibrahim, M.S. Abdallah, H.M. Sharara, and M.M. Moustafa Protective role of Juniperus phoenicea and Cupressus sempervirens against CCl4 World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther. 1 2010 123 131
31. J.Z. Al-Kalaldeh, R. Abu-Dahab, and F.U. Afifi Volatile oil composition and antiproliferative activity of Laurus nobilis, Origanum syriacum, Origanum vulgare, and Salvia triloba against human breast adenocarcinoma cells Nutr. Res. 2010 30 2010 271 278
32. M.H. Alma, A. Mavi, A. Yildirim, M. Digrak, and T. Hirata Screening chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Origanum syriacum L. growing in Turkey Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26 2003 1725 1729
33. A.H. Al-Mustafa, and O.Y. Al-Thunibat Antioxidant activity of some Jordanian medicinal plants used traditionally from treatment of diabetes Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11 2008 351 358
34. A. Al-Qarawi, E.F. Abd-Allah, and H. Abber Ephedra alata as biologically-based strategy inhibit aflatoxigenic seedborne mold Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 5 2011 2297 2303
35. A. Al-Qarawi, E.F. Abd-Allah, and H. Abber Effect of Ephedra alata on nucleic acids and nitrogen metabolism of seedborne Aspergillus flavus Pak. J. Bot. 44 2012 425 428
36. S. Al-Qura'n Ethnopharmacological survey of wild medicinal plants in Showbak, Jordan J. Ethnopharmacol. 123 2009 45 50
37. M.R. Al-Sereiti, K.M. Abu-Amer, and P. Sen Pharmacology of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.) and its therapeutic potentials Indian J. Exp. Biol. 37 1999 124 130
38. M.A. Al-Yahya, J.S. Mossa, A.M. Ageel, and S. Rafatullah Pharmacological and safety evaluation studies on Lepidium sativum L. seeds Phytomedicine 1 1994 155 159
39. M.H. Al-Yousuf, A.K. Bashir, B.H. Ali, M.O. Tanira, and G. Blunden Some effects of Salvia aegyptiaca L. on the central nervous system in mice J. Ethnopharmacol. 81 2002 121 127
40. G.J. Amabeoku, S.J. Erasmus, J.A. Ojewole, and J.T. Mukinda Antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of Mentha longifolia Huds. (Lamiaceae) leaf aqueous extract in rats and mice Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 31 2009 645 649
41. A. Amin, and D. Mahmoud-Ghoneim Zizyphus spina-christi protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 2009 2111 2119
42. S. Amzazi, S. Ghoulami, Y. Bakri, A. Il Idrissi, S. Fkih-Tétouani, and A. Benjouad Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitory activity of Mentha longifolia Therapie 58 2003 531 534
43. L. An, J.T. Tang, X.M. Liu, and N.N. Gao Review about mechanisms of anti-cancer of Solanum nigrum Chin. J. Chin. Mater. Med. 31 2006 1225 1226
44. M.B. Aqel, S. Al-Khalil, and F. Afifi Effects of a Ferula sinaica root extract on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig J. Ethnopharmacol. 31 1991 291 297
45. M.B. Aqel, S. Al-Khalil, F. Afifi, and D. Al-Eisawi Relaxant effects of Ferula sinaica root extract on rabbit and guinea pig smooth muscle J. Ethnopharmacol. 31 1991 373 381
46. A. Arena, G. Bisignano, B. Pavone, A. Tomaino, F.P. Bonina, A. Saija, M. Cristani, M. D'Arrigo, and D. Trombetta Antiviral and immunomodulatory effect of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L. buds Phytother. Res. 22 2008 313 317
47. M. Asad, T.A. Munir, and N. Afzal Acacia nilotica leave extract and glyburide, comparison of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, beta-thromboglubulin levels and platelet aggregation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 61 2011 247 251
48. F. Atmani, Y. Slimari, M. Mimouni, M. Asís, B. Hacht, and A. Ziyat Effect of aqueous extract from Herniaria hirsuta L. on experimentally nephrolithiasic rats J. Ethnopharmacol. 95 2004 87 93
49. F. Atmani, Y. Slimari, M. Mimouni, and B. Hacht Prophylaxis of calcium oxalate stones by Herniaria hirsuta on experimentally induced nephrolithiasis in rats Br. J. Urol. Int. 92 2003 137 140
50. A.H. Atta, and K. Abo El-Sooud The antinociceptive effect of some Egyptian medicinal plant extracts J. Ethnopharmacol. 95 2004 235 238
51. A.H. Atta, and S.M. Mouneir Antidiarrhoeal activity of some Egyptian medicinal plants extracts J. Ethnopharmacol. 92 2004 303 309
52. A.S. Awaad, R.M. El-Meligy, S.A. Clenawy, A.H. Atta, and G.A. Soliman Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects of some desert plants J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2011 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.02.004
53. A.S. Awaad, N.M. Sokkar, and G.M. Soliman Flavonoids and coumarins from Hammada elegans (Bunge) Botsch and their biological activity Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ. 39 2001 121 127
54. E.S. Ayensu Plants for medicinal uses with special reference to Arid Zones J.R. Goodin, D.K. Northington, Arid Land Plant Resources 1979 Lubbock Texas 117 178
55. S.E. Ayyad, A. Abdel-Lateff, W.M. Alarif, F.R. Patacchioli, F.A. Badria, and S.T. Ezmirly In vitro and in vivo study of cucurbitacins-type triterpene glucoside from Citrullus colocynthis growing in Saudi Arabia against hepatocellular carcinoma Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 33 2012 245 251
56. O.A. Badary, R.A. Taha, A.M. Ganal El-Din, and M.H. Abdel-Wahab Thymoquinone is a potent superoxide anion scavenger Drug Chem. Toxicol. 26 2003 87 98
57. F. Bakkali, S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck, and M. Idaomar Biological effects of essential oils Food Chem. Toxicol. 46 2008 446 475
58. S. Barel, R. Segal, and J. Yashphe The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Achillea fragrantissima J. Ethnopharmacol. 33 1991 187 191
59. H. Basaga, G. Poli, C. Tekkaya, and I. Aras Free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties of silybin complexes on microsomal lipid peroxidation Cell Biochem. Funct. 15 1997 27 33
60. K.H. Batanouny, E. Aboutabl, M. Shabana, and F. Soliman Wild Medicinal Plants in Egypt. An Inventory to Support Conservation and Sustainable Use 1999 The Palm Press, El Cairo Egipto
61. J. Bellakhdar Médicine Tradition et Toxicologie ouest-saharienne Contribution a'l'étude de la pharmacopée marocaine 1978 Techniques Nord-Africaines Rabat
62. H. Berrougui, C. Martin-Cordero, A. Khalil, M. Hmamouchi, A. Ettaib, and E. Marhuenda Vasorelaxant effects of harmine and harmaline extracted from Peganum harmala L. seeds in isolated rat aorta Pharmacol. Res. 54 2006 150 157
63. S.K. Bhattacharya, A. Bhattacharya, K. Sairam, and S. Ghosal Anxiolytic-antidepressant activity of Withania somnifera glycowithanolides, an experimental study Phytomedicine 7 2000 463 469
64. C. Bicchi, P. Rubiolo, C. Frattini, P. Sandra, and F. David Off-line supercritical fluid extraction and capillary gas chromatography of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio species J. Nat. Prod. 54 1991 941 945
65. M.À. Bonet, and J. Vallès Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the Montseny biosphere reserve (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula). General results and newor rarely reported medicinal plants J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 55 2003 259 270
66. L. Boulos Medicinal Plants of North Africa 1983 References Publication, Inc. Algonac, Michigan
67. H. Bouriche, H. Meziti, A. Senator, and J. Arnhold Anti-inflammatory, free radical-scavenging, and metal-chelating activities of Malva parviflora Pharm. Biol. 49 2011 942 946
68. J. Bruneton Farmacognosia. Fitoquímica. Plantas Medicinales second ed. 2001 Acribia Zaragoza
69. M.I. Calvo, S. Akerreta, and R.Y. Cavero Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the Riverside of Navarra (Iberian Peninsula) J. Ethnopharmacol. 135 2011 22 33
70. J.S. Camejo-Rodrigues, L. Ascensão, M.À. Bonet, and J. Vallès An ethnobotanical study of medicinal and aromatic plants in the Natural Park of Serra de S. Mamede (Portugal) J. Ethnopharmacol. 89 2003 199 209
71. E. Casanova, J.M. García-Mina, and M.I. Calvo Antioxidant and antifungal activity of Verbena officinalis L. leaves Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 63 2008 93 97
72. R.Y. Cavero, S. Akerreta, and M.I. Calvo Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the Middle Navarra (Iberian Peninsula) J. Ethnopharmacol. 137 2011 844 855
73. P.K. Chaudhuri, R. Srivastava, S. Kumar, and S. Kumar Phytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of Bacopa monnieri and Holmskioldia sanguinea Phytother. Res. 18 2004 114 117
74. G. Chaya, S.H. Mishra, and C. Gadgoli Preliminary screening of Achillea millefolium, Cichorium intybus and Capparis spinosa for antihepatotoxic activity Fitoterapia 66 1995 319 323
75. C.J. Chen, W.Y. Wang, X.L. Wang, L.W. Dong, Y.T. Yue, H.L. Xin, C.Q. Ling, and M. Li Anti-hypoxic activity of the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea in mice J. Ethnopharmacol. 124 2009 246 250
76. C.F. Chien, Y.T. Wu, and T.H. Tsai Biological analysis of herbal medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases Biomed. Chromatogr. 25 2011 21 38
77. J.M. Choi, E.O. Lee, H.J. Lee, K.H. Kim, K.S. Ahn, B.S. Shim, N.I. Kim, M.C. Song, N.I. Baek, and S.H. Kim Identification of campesterol from Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and its antiangiogenic activities Phytother. Res. 21 2007 954 959
78. D. Csupor, Z. Peták, and J. Hohmann Medicinal perspective of Hungarian Centaurea species in the light of scientific evidence Acta Pharm. Hung. 81 2011 63 75
79. D.J. Daferera, B.N. Ziogas, and M.G. Polissiou The effectiveness of plant essential oils on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp. and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Crop Prot. 22 2003 39 44
80. M.M. Dahab, W.S. Koko, and E.E. Osman In vitro antitrichomonal activity of Xanthium brasilicum Vell and Argemone mexicana L. different extracts J. Med. Plants Res. 5 2011 151 155
81. L. De Martino, G. D'Arena, M.M. Minervini, S. Deaglio, B.M. Fusco, N. Cascavilla, and V. De Feo Verbena officinalis essential oil and its component citral as apoptotic-inducing agent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 22 2009 1097 1104
82. G. Deep, and R. Agarwal Antimetastatic efficacy of silibinin, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential against cancer Cancer Metastasis Rev. 29 2010 447 463
83. V. De-Feo Medicinal and magical plants in the northern Peruvian Andes Fitoterapia 63 1992 417 440
84. A. Dey, and J.N. De Ethnobotanical survey of Purulia district, West Bengal, India for medicinal plants used against gastrointestinal disorders J. Ethnopharmacol. 143 2012 68 80
85. M. Doreau Considérations actuelles sur l'alimentation, ainsi que sur la pharmacopée et la thérapeutique traditionnelles au Sahara 1961 Tesis Doctoral, Faculty of Pharmacy Strasbourg, France
86. A.H. Ducros Essai sur le droguier populaire arabe de l'inspectorat des pharmacies du Caire Memoires de l'Institut d'Egypte 15 i-viii 1930 1 162
87. M. Eddouks, A. Lemhadri, and J.B. Michel Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa L. in normal and diabetic rats J. Ethnopharmacol. 98 2005 345 350
88. F. Eftekhar, F. Nariman, Z. Habibi, and N. Mohammadi Antibacterial activity of the aerial extracts from Xanthium brasilicum Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 6 2007 65 68
89. Eissa, T.F., 2008. Estudio preliminar de la actividad de Mentha longifolia L. sobre el Sistema Nervioso Central. Memoria del Trabajo de Investigación, Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (DEA). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
90. H.S. El-Abhar, D.M. Adballah, and S. Saleh Gastroprotective activity of Nigella sativa oil and its constituent, thymoquinone, against gastric mucosal injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion in rats J. Ethnopharmacol. 84 2003 251 258
91. T.S. El-Alfy, S.M. Ezzat, A.K. Hegazy, A.M.M. Amer, and G.M. Kamel Isolation of biologically active constituents from Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. (Family, Moringaceae) growing in Egypt Pharm. Mag. 7 2011 109 115
92. A. Elbetieha, S.A. Oran, A. Alkofahi, H. Darmani, and A.M. Raies Fetotoxic potentials of Globularia arabica and Globularia alypum (Globulariaceae) in rats J. Ethnopharmacol. 72 2000 215 219
93. M.H.A. Elgamal, S.A. Ouf, A.G. Hanna, and F.Y. Yassin Phytochemical and mycological investigation of Artemisia monosperma Folia microbiologica 42 1997 203 210
94. A.A. El-Hela Chemical composition and biological studies of the essential oil of Thymus decussatus Benth growing in Egypt Egypt. J. Biomed. Sci. 23 2007 146 153
95. J. El-Hilaly, B. Lyoussi, M. Wibo, and N. Morel Vasorelaxant effect of the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in rat aorta J. Ethnopharmacol. 93 2004 69 74
96. J. El-Hilaly, A. Tahraoni, Z.H. Israili, and B. Lyoussi Acute hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of continuos intravenous infusion of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva L. Schreber whole plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 20 2007 261 268
97. F.A. El-Lakwah, A.M. Abdel-latif, and Z.A. Halawa Effect of Coryza dioscorides leaf extracts on three major insects of stores products in Egypt J. Afr. Res. 76 1998 971 981
98. A. Elmann, S. Mordechay, H. Erlank, A. Telerman, M. Rindner, and R. Ofir Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the extract of Achillea fragrantissima BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 11 2011 98
99. A. Elmann, S. Mordechay, M. Rindner, O. Larkov, M. Elkabetz, and U. Ravid Protective effects of the essential oil of Salvia fruticosa and its constituents on astrocytic susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death J. Agric. Food Chem. 57 2009 6636 6641
100. T. El-Naggar, M.P. Gómez-Serranillos, O.M. Palomino, C. Arce, and M.E. Carretero Nigella sativa L. seed extract modulates the neurotransmitter amino acids release in cultured neurons in vitro J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2010 2010 398312 10.1155/2010/398312
101. S.A. El-Sawi, H.M. Motawar, and A.M. Ali Chemical composition, cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of leaves and berries of Juniperus phoenicea L. grow in Egypt Afr. J. Tradit., Complement. Altern. Med. 4 2007 417 426
102. M.F. El-Sawy, J. Duncan, S. Amer, H. el Ruweini, and N. Brown The molluscicidal properties of Ambrosia maritima L. (Compositae). 4. Temporal and spatial distribution of Biomphalaria alexandrina in Egyptian village irrigation systems with reference to schistosomiasis transmission control Trop. Med. Parasitol. 40 1989 103 106
103. H.R. El-Seedi, R. Burman, A. Mansour, Z. Turki, L. Boulos, J. Gullbo, and U. Göransson The traditional medical uses and cytotoxic activities of sixty-one Egyptian plants: discovery of an active cardiac glycoside from Urginea maritima J. Ethnopharmacol. 145 2013 746 757
104. H.R. El-Seedi, R. El-Shabasy, H. Sakr, M. Zayed, A.M.A. El-Said, K.M.H. Helmy, A.H.M. Gaara, Z. Turki, M. Azeem, A.M. Ahmed, L. Boulos, A.K. Borg-Karlson, and U. Göransson Anti-schistosomiasis triterpene glycoside from the Egyptian medicinal plant Asparagus stipularis Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 22 2012 2012 (Epub Jan 06)
105. A.M. El-Shazly Essential oil composition of Senecio desfontainei Druce (Compositae) Zagazig J. Pharm. Sci. 8 1999 1 8
106. A.M. El-Shazly, and K.T. Hussein Chemical analysis and biological activities of the essential oil of Teucrium leucocladum Boiss. (Lamiaceae) Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 32 2004 665 674
107. N.S. El-Shenawy, M.F.M. Soliman, and I.M. Abdel-Nabi Does Cleome droserifolia have anti-schistosomiasis mansoni activity? Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 48 2006 223 228
108. A. El-Tahir, G.M. Satti, and S.A. Khalid Antiplasmodial activity of selected Sudanese medicinal plants with emphasis on Acacia nilotica Phytother. Res. 13 1999 474 478
109. M. Ennajar, J. Bouajila, A. Lebrihi, F. Mathieu, M. Abderraba, A. Raies, and M. Romdhane Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and various extracts of Juniperus phoenicea L. (Cupressacees) J. Food Sci. 74 2009 M364 M371
110. M.A. Esmaelii, and R. Yazdanparast Hypoglycaemic effect of Teucrium polium, studies with rat pancreatic islets J. Ethnopharmacol. 95 2004 27 30
111. N. Es-Safi, A. Kollmann, S. Khlifi, and P. Ducrot Antioxidative effect of compounds isolated from Globularia alpinum L. Structure-activity relationship Sie Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie (LWT) 40 2007 1246 1252
112. K. Fadlalla, A. Watson, T. Yehualaeshet, T. Turner, and T. Samuel Ruta graveolens extract induces DNA damage pathways and blocks Akt activation to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival Anticancer Res. 31 2011 233 241
113. L. Faleiro, G. Miguel, S. Gomes, L. Costa, F. Venâncio, A. Teixeira, A.C. Figueiredo, J.G. Barroso, and L.G. Pedor Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils isolated from Thymbra capitata L. (Car.) and Origanum vulgare L J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 2005 8162 8168
114. L. Farouk, A. Laroubi, R. Aboufatima, A. Benharref, and A. Chait Evaluation of the analgesic effect of alkaloid extract of Peganum harmala L., Possible mechanisms involved J. Ethnopharmacol. 115 2008 449 454
115. F. Fatima, A. Khalid, N. Nazar, M. Abdalla, H. Mohomed, A.M. Toum, M. Magzoub, and M.S. AlI In vitro assessment of anti-cutaneous leishmaniasis activity of some Sudanese plants Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 29 2005 3 6
116. G. Fiore, C. Nencini, F. Cavallo, A. Capasso, A. Bader, G. Giorgi, and L. Micheli In vitro antiproliferative effect of six Salvia species on human tumor cell lines Phytother. Res. 20 2006 701 703
117. O. Firuzi, K. Javidnia, M. Gholami, M. Soltani, and R. Miri Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of 24 Lamiaceae species growing in Iran Nat. Prod. Commun. 5 2010 261 264
118. B. Fouad, R. Abderrahmane, A. Youssef, H. Rajae, and M.A. El Feis Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Moroccan Juniperus phoenicea Nat. Prod. Commun. 6 2011 1515 1518
119. P. Fourment, and H. Roques Repertoire des plantes medicinales et aromatiques d'Algerie Documents et renseignements agricoles, Bulletin 1941 61 (Alger, Morocco)
120. P. Fournier Le Livre des Plantes medicinales et veneneuses de France. 3 vols 1947-1948 Lechevalier Paris
121. A. Fréchard, N. Fabre, S. Hannedouche, and I. Fourasté Glucosinolates from Cardaria draba Fitoterapia 73 2002 177 178
122. S. Fushiya, Y. Kishi, K. Hattori, J. Batkhuu, F. Takano, A.N.B. Singab, and T. Okuyama Flavonoids from Cleome droserifolia suppress NO production in activated macrophages in vitro Planta Med. 65 1999 404 407
123. C. Gadgoli, and S.H. Mishra Antihepatotoxic activity of p-methoxy benzoic acid from Capparis spinosa J. Ethnopharmacol. 66 1999 187 192
124. M. Gálvez, C. Martín-Cordero, P.J. Houghton, and M.J. Ayuso Antioxidant activity of methanol extracts obtained from Plantago species J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 2005 1927 1933
125. M. Gandhi, R. Lal, A. Sankaranarayanan, and P.L. Sharma Post-coital antifertility action of Ruta graveolens in female rats and hamsters J. Ethnopharmacol. 34 1991 49 59
126. M.N. Gharuibeh, H.H. Elayan, and A.S. Salhab Hypoglycemic effects of Teucrium polium J. Ethnopharmacol. 24 1988 93 99
127. A Ghorbani, G Langenberger, L Feng, and J. Sauerborn Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants utilised by Hani ethnicity in Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China J. Ethnopharmacol. 134 2011 651 667
128. A.H. Gilani, K.H. Janbaz, and M.S. Akhtar Selective protective effect of an extract from Fumaria parviflora on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity Gen. Pharmacol. 27 1996 979 983
129. A.H. Gilani, F. Shaheen, M. Zaman, K.H. Janbaz, B.H. Shah, and M.S. Akhtar Studies on antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities of methanol extract of Acacia nilotica pods Phytother. Res. 13 1999 665 669
130. M.H. Grace Chemical composition and biological activity of the volatiles of Anthemis melampodina and Pluchea dioscoridis Phytother. Res. 16 2002 183 185
131. P.M. Guarrera Traditional phytotherapy in Central Italy (Marche, Abruzzo, and Latium) Fitoterapia 76 2005 1 25
132. P.M. Guarrera Household dyeing plants and traditional uses in some areas of Italy J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2 2006 9 15
133. M. Gulluce, F. Sahin, M. Sokmen, H. Ozer, D. Daferera, A. Sokmen, M. Polissiou, A. Adiguzel, and H. Ozkan Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia Food Chem. 103 2007 1449 1456
134. S. Habtemariam, A.L. Harvey, and P.G. Waterman The muscle relaxant properties of Portulaca oleracea are associated with high concentrations of potassium ions J. Ethnopharmacol. 40 1993 195 200
135. I. Hadizadeh, B. Peivastegan, and M. Kolahi Antifungal activity of nettle (Urtica dioica L.), colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad), oleander (Nerium oleander L.) and konar (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) extracts on plants pathogenic fungi Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 12 2009 58 63
136. M. Hagos, G. Samuelsson, L. Kenne, and B.M. Modawi Isolation of smooth muscle relaxing 1,3-diaryl-propan-2-ol derivatives from Acacia tortilis Planta Med. 53 1987 27 31
137. F.J. Hammerschmidt, A.M. Clark, F.M. Soliman, E.S. El-Kashoury, M.M. Abd el-Kawy, and A.M. el-Fishawy Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Jasonia candicans and Jasonia montana Planta Med. 59 1993 68 70
138. P. Hasani, N. Yasa, S. Vosough-Ghanbari, A. Mohammadirad, G. Dehgan, and M. Abdollahi In vivo antioxidant potential of Teucrium polium, as compared to alpha-tocopherol Acta Pharm. 57 2007 123 129
139. D. Heimler, L. Isolani, P. Vignolini, S. Tombelli, and A. Romani Polyphenol content and antioxidative activity in some species of freshly consumed salads J. Agric. Food Chem. 55 2007 1724 1729
140. Heinrich, M., Kufer, J., Leonti, M., Pardo de Santayana, M., 2006. Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology-Interdisciplinary Links with the Historical Sciences. 107: 157-160.
141. S.Z. Heneidy Potential uses of plant species of the costal Mediterranean region, Egypt Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 7 2004 1010 1023
142. A.M. Hijazi, and A.S. Salhab Effects of Artemisia monosperma ethanolic leaves extract on implantation, mid-term abortion and parturition of pregnant rats J. Ethnopharmacol. 128 2010 446 451
143. M.J. Howes, and P.J. Houghton Ethnobotanical treatment strategies against Alzheimer's disease Curr. Alzheimer Res. 9 2012 67 85
144. H.F. Huseini, F. Darvishadeh, R. Heshmat, Z. Jafariazar, M. Raza, and B. Larijani The clinical investigation of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. fruit in treatment of Type OO diabetic patients, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial Phytother. Res. 23 2009 1186 1189
145. H. Hussain, A. Badawy, A. Elshazly, A. Elsayed, K. Krohn, M. Riaz, and B. Schulz Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Salix subserrata Rec. Nat. Prod. 5 2011 133 137
146. R. Iavarasan, M. Malika, and S. Venkataraman Anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of Ricinus communis root extract J. Ethnopharmacol. 103 2006 478 480
147. G. Innocenti, S. Dall'acqua, S. Sosa, G. Altinier, and R. Della Logia Topical anti-inflammatory activity of Solenostemma argel leaves Rec. Nat. Prod. 102 2005 307 310
148. M. Jainu, and C.S. Devi Antiulcerogenic and ulcer healing effects of Solanum nigrum (L.) on experimental ulcer models, possible mechanism for the inhibition of acid formation J. Ethnopharmacol. 104 2006 156 163
149. T. Kalaivani, and L. Mathew Free radical scavenging activity from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex Delile, an Indian medicinal tree Food Chem. Toxicol. 48 2010 298 305
150. A.C. Kariuki, and G.N. Njoroge Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial studies of some plants used in Kibwezi (Kenya) for management of lower respiratory tract infections Afr. J. Tradit., Complement. Altern. Med. 8 2011 144 149
151. K Karunamoorthi, and E. Tsehaye Ethnomedicinal knowledge, belief and self-reported practice of local inhabitants on traditional antimalarial plants and phytotherapy J. Ethnopharmacol. 141 2012 143 150
152. K. Karunamoorthi, and E. Tsehaye Ethnomedicinal knowledge, belief and self-reported practice of local inhabitants on traditional antimalarial plants and phytotherapy J. Ethnopharmacol. 141 2012 143 150
153. L.M. Katiki, A.C. Chagas, H.R. Bizzo, J.F. Ferreira, and A.F. Amarante Antihelmintic activity of Cymbopogon martinii, Cymbopogon schoenantus and Mentha piperita essential oils evaluated in four different in vitro test Vet. Parasitol. 183 2011 103 108
154. D. Keskin, and S. Toroglu Studies on antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of different spices J. Environ. Biol. 32 2011 251 256
155. G.K. Ketoh, H.K. Koumaglo, I.A. Glitho, and J. Huignard Comparative effects of Cymbopogon schoenantus essential oil and piperitone on Callosobruchus maculatus development Fitoterapia 77 2006 506 510
156. I.K. Khafagi, and A. Dewedar The efficiency of random versus ethno-directed research in the evaluation of Sinai medicinal plants for bioactive compounds J. Ethnopharmacol. 71 2000 365 376
157. M. Khalili, and M. Atyabi Antinociceptive effects of oral and intraperitoneal administration of alcoholic Datura stramonium seed extract in male rats Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 4 2004 231 236
158. M.A. Khan, M.K. Ashfaq, H.S. Zuberi, M.S. Mahmood, and A.H. Gilani The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds Phytother. Res. 17 2003 183 186
159. M. Khatak, S. Khatak, A.A. Siddqui, N. Vasudeva, A. Aggarwal, and P. Aggarwal Salvadora persica Pharmacogn. Rev. 4 2010 209 214
160. K. Khatta, S.N. Gilani, and M. Ikram Antipyretic studies on some indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants J. Ethnopharmacol. 14 1985 45 51
161. E.V. Kigondu, G.M. Rukunga, J.M. Keriko, W.K. Tonui, J.W. Gathirwa, P.G. Kirira, B. Irungu, J.M. Ingonga, and I.O. Ndiege Anti-parasitic activity and cytotoxicity of selected medicinal plants from Kenya J. Ethnopharmacol. 123 2009 504 509
162. D.K. Kim Antioxidative components from the aerial parts of Lactuca scariola L Arch. Pharmacol. Res. 24 2001 427 430
163. J. Kim, J.N. Choi, K.M. Ku, D. Kang, J.S. Kim, J.H. Park, and C.H. Lee A correlation between antioxidant activity and metabolite release during the blanching of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Bioscience Biotechnol. Biochem. 75 2011 674 680
164. P.G. Kirira, G.M. Rukunga, A.W. Wanyonyi, F.M. Muregi, J.W. Gathirwa, C.N. Muthaura, S.A. Omar, F. Tolo, G.M. Mungai, and I.O. Ndiege Anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in Meru and Kilifi Districts of Kenya J. Ethnopharmacol. 106 2006 403 407
165. G. Kloutusos, D.G. Balatsouras, A.C. Kaberos, D. Kandiloros, E. Ferekidis, and C. Economou Upper airway edema resulting from use of Ecballium elaterium Laryngoscope 111 2001 1652 1655
166. A. Koedam Plantago, history and use Pharmacol. Weekbl. 112 1977 246
167. Z. Kokanova-Nedialkova, P.T. Nedialkov, and S.D. Nikolov The genus Chenopodium, Phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology and pharmacology Pharmacogn. Rev. 3 2009 280 306
168. W.S. Koko, M.A. Mesaik, S. Yousaf, M. Galal, and M.I. Choudhary In vitro immunomodulating properties of selected Sudanese medicinal plants J. Ethnopharmacol. 118 2008 26 34
169. S. Kumar, D. Kumar, K. Manjusha, Saroha, N. Singh, and B. Vashishta Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. methanolic fruit extract Acta Pharm. 58 2008 215 220
170. S.S. Kumara, and B.T. Huat Extraction, isolation and characterisation of antitumor principle, alpha-hederin, from the seeds of Nigella sativa Planta Med. 67 2001 29 32
171. S.W. Lai, M.S. Yu, W.H. Yuen, and R.C. Chang Novel neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extracts from Verbena officinalis Linn Neuropharmacology 50 2006 641 650
172. D. Lemordant, K. Boukef, and M. Bensalem Plantes utiles et toxiques de Tunisie Fitoterapia 48 1977 191 214
173. P. Ljubuncic, S. Dakwar, I. Portnaya, V. Cogan, H. Azaizeh, and A. Bomzon Aqueous extract of Teucrium polium possess remarkable antioxidant activity in vitro Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 3 2006 329 338
174. D. Loguercio, and D. Festi Silybin and the liver, From basic research to clinical practice World J. Gastroenterol. 17 2011 2288 2301
175. S. Luqman, G.R. Dwivedi, M.P. Darokar, A. Kalra, and S.P.S. Khanuja Potential of Rosemary oil to be used in drug-resistant infections Altern. Ther. Health Med. 13 2007 54 59
176. A.S. Maghraby, N. Shalaby, H.I. Abd-Alla, S.A. Ahmed, H.M. Khaled, and M.M. Bahgat Immunostimulatory effects of extract of Pulicaria crispa before and after Schistosoma mansoni infection Acta Pharm. 67 2010 75 79
177. M. Maghrani, N.A. Zeggwagh, J.B. Michel, and M. Eddouks Antihypertensive effect of Lepidium sativum L. in spontaneously hypertensive rats J. Ethnopharmacol. 100 2005 193 197
178. M.R. Mahmoud, H.S. El-Abhar, and S. Saleh The effect of Nigella sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice J. Ethnopharmacol. 79 2002 1 11
179. A. Mann, O.R. Ifarajimi, A.T. Adewoye, C. Ukam, E.E. Udeme, I.I. Okorie, M.S. Sakpe, D.R. Ibrahim, Y.A. Yahaya, A.Y. Kabir, and E.O. Ogbadoyi In vivo antitrypanosomal effects of some ethnomedicinal plants from Nupeland of north central Nigeria Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 8 2011 15 21
180. G.J. Martin Ethnobotany. A Methods Manual 1995 Chapman & Hall London
181. B. Marzouk, Z. Marzouk, R. Décor, H. Edziri, E. Haloui, N. Fenina, and M. Aouni Antibacterial and anticandidal screening of Tunisian Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. from Medenine J. Ethnopharmacol. 125 2009 344 349
182. H. Medini, A. Elaissi, M. Larbi Khorija, A. Piras, S. Porcedda, D. Falconieri, B. Marongiu, and R. Chemli Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea L. berries Nat. Prod. Res. 25 2011 1695 1706
183. P.D. Meena, P. Kaushik, S. Shukla, A.K. Soni, M. Kumar, and A. Kumar Anticancer and antimutagenic properties of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) on 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice Asia. Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 7 2006 627 632
184. K. Meepagala, K. Schrader, D. Wedge, and S. Duke Algicidal and antifungal compounds from the roots of Ruta graveolens and synthesis of their analogs Phytochemistry 66 2005 2689 2695
185. F. Meiouet, S. El-Kabbaj, and M. Daudon In vitro study of the litholitic effects of herbal extracts on cystine urinary calculi Progrès en Urologie 21 2011 40 47
186. D. Messaondene, H. Belguendouz, M.L. Alimedi, T. Benandekader, F. Otami, M. Terhi, P. Younou, and C. Touil-Boukoffa Ex vivo effects of flavonoids extracted from Artemisia herba alba on cytokines and nitric oxide production in Algerian patients with Adamantiades-Behget's disease J. Inflamm. 8 2011 35
187. C. Messaoud, H. Chograni, and M. Boussaid Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of three wild Lavandula L. species Nat. Product Res. 2011 10.1080/14786419.2011.635343
188. M.A. Metwally, and A.M. Dawidar Constituents of Senecio desfontaine Pharmazie 41 1986 522 523
189. N. Mímica-Dukic, V. Jacovljevic, P. Mira, O. Gasic, and A. Szabo Pharmacological studies on Mentha longifolia phenolic extracts Int. J. Pharm. 34 1996 356 364
190. M.G. Mkaddem, M. Romdhane, H. Ibrahim, M. Ennajar, A. Lebrihi, F. Mathieru, and J. Bourajila Essential oil of Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. from Matmata, Tunisia, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities J. Med. Food 13 2010 1500 1504
191. M.K. Mohamed Studies on the phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of four plant species from Egypt Egypt. J. Microbiol. 35 2000 257 271
192. L. Monzote, M.R. Nance, M. García, R. Scull, and W.N. Setzer Comparative chemical, cytotoxicity and antileishmanial properties of essential oils from Chenopodium ambrosioides Nat. Prod. Commun. 6 2011 281 286
193. R.A. Mothana, S. Kriegisch, M. Harms, K. Wende, and U. Lindequist Assessment of selected Yemeni medicinal plants for their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities Pharm. Biol. 49 2011 200 210
194. Muntané, J., 2005. Etnobotànica, etnofarmàcia i tradicions populars de la Catalunya septentrinal (Capcir, Cerdanya i Conflent). Ph.D. Thesis. Universitat de Barcelona.
195. E.H. Mustafa, M. Abu Zarga, and S. Abdalla Effects of cirsiliol, a flavone isolated from Achillea fragrantissima, on rat isolated ileum Gen. Pharmacol. 23 1992 555 560
196. S. Nakashima, H. Matsuda, Y. Oda, S. Nakamura, F. Xu, and M. Yoshikawa Melanogenesis inhibitors from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica in B16 melanoma cells Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 18 2010 2337 2345
197. F. Nariman, F. Eftekhar, Z. Habibi, and T. Faisafi Anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of six Iranian plants Helicobacter 9 2004 146 151
198. Nauroy, J., 1954. Contribution a etude de la pharmacopee marocaine traditionnelle (drogues vegetales). Doctoral Thesis. University of Paris. Ed. Jouve, Paris
199. S.N. Ngo, D.B. Williams, and R.J. Head Rosemary and cancer prevention, preclinical perspectives Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 51 2011 946 954
200. A.M. Nour, S.A. Khalid, M. Kaiser, R. Brun, W.E. Abdallah, and T.J. Schmidt The antiprotozoal activity of sixteen Asteraceae species native to Sudan and bioactivity guided isolation of xanthanolides from Xanthium brasilicum Planta Med. 75 2009 1363 1368
201. J. Packer, N. Brouwer, D. Harrington, J. Gaikwad, R. Heron, Yaegl Community Elders, S. Ranganathan, S. Vemulpad, and J. Jamie An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Yaegl Aboriginal community in northern New South Wales, Australia J. Ethnopharmacol. 139 2012 244 255
202. A. Palmeira de Oliveira, C. Gaspar, R. Palmeira de Oliveira, A. Silva Dias, L. Salgueiro, C. Caraleiro, C. Pina Vaz, J. Martinez de Oliveira, J.A. Queiroz, and A.G. Rodrigues The anti-Candida activity of Thymbra capitata essential oil, Effect upon preformed biofilm J. Ethnopharmacol. 140 2012 379 383
203. R.M. Perez, J.A. Perez, L.M. Garcia, and H. Sossa Neuropharmacological activity of Solanum nigrum fruit J. Ethnopharmacol. 62 1998 43 48
204. O. Phillips, and A.H. Gentry The useful plants of Tambopata, Perú I. Statistical hypotheses test with a new quantitative technique Econ. Bot. 47 1993 15 32
205. A. Pieroni, M.E. Giusti, C. de Pasquale, C. Lenzarini, E. Censorii, M.R. González-Tejero, C.P. Sánchez-Rojas, J.M. Ramiro-Gutiérrez, M. Skoula, C. Johnson, A. Sarpaki, A. Della, D. Paraskeva-Hadijchambi, A. Hadjichambis, M. Hmamouchi, S. El-Jorhi, M. El-Demerdash, M. El-Zayat, O. Al-Shahaby, Z. Houmani, and M. Scherazed Circum-Mediterranean cultural heritage and medicinal plant uses in traditional animal healthcare, a field survey in eight selected areas within the RUBIA Project J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2 2006 16 28
206. C.S. Prasad, R. Shukla, A. Kumar, and N.K. Dubey In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Cymbopogon martini and Chenopodium ambrosioides essential oils and their synergism against dermatophytes Mycoses 53 2010 123 129
207. W.Sh. Qazan Hypolipidaemic effects of Ballota undulata in rabbits Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11 2008 1169 1172
208. A. Radonic, I. Blazevic, J. Mastelic, M. Zekic, M. Skocibusic, and A. Maravic Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. volatiles Chem. Biodivers. 8 2011 1170 1181
209. A.R. Rahbar, and I. Nabipour The hypolipidemic effect of Citrullus colocynthis on patients with hyperlipidemia Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 13 2010 1202 1207
210. A. Rambaldi, B.P. Jacobs, G. Iaquinto, and C. Gluud Milk thistle for alcoholic and/or hepatitis B or C liver diseases-a systematic cochrane hepato-biliary group review with meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials Am. J. Gastroenterol. 100 2005 2583 2591
211. M. Ratheesh, G.L. Shyni, and A. Helen Methanolic extract of Ruta graveolens L. inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in adjuvant induced model of arthritis in rats Inflammopharmacology 17 2009 100 105
212. N.D. Raval, and B. Ravishankar Analgesic effect of Lepidium sativum L. (Chandrashur) in experimental animals AYU 31 2010 371 373
213. V. Ravi, and T.S.M. Saleem Anti-Inflammatory effect of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum Linn berries Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod. 2 2009 33 36
214. S. Rehecho, I. Uriarte-Pueyo, J. Calvo, L.A. Vivas, and M.I. Calvo Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Nor-Yauyos, a part of the Landscape Reserve Nor-Yauyos-Cochas, Peru J. Ethnopharmacol. 133 2011 75 85
215. N.U. Rehman, A.U. Khan, K.M. Alkharfy, and A.H. Gilani Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Lepidium sativum in airways disorders Evidence Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2012 2012 596524
216. N.U. Rehman, M.H. Mehmoud, K.M. Alkharfy, and A.H. Gilani Studies on antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of Lepidium sativum crude extract in rats Phytother. Res. 26 2012 136 141
217. L.R. Salgueiro, E. Pinto, M.J. GonÇalves, C. Pina-Vaz, C. Cavaleiro, A.G. Rodrigues, A. Palmeira, C. Tavares, S. Costa de Oliveira, and J. Martinez de Oliveira Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymbra capitata Planta Med. 70 2004 572 575
218. P. Schauenberg, and P.S.F. Paris Guide to Medicinal Plants 1977 Lutter Worth Press Guildford, London
219. S. Semenya, M. Potgieter, and L. Erasmus Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bapedi healers to treat diabetes mellitus in the Limpopo Province, South Africa J. Ethnopharmacol. 141 2012 440 445
220. M.M. Shabana, Y.W. Mirhom, A.A. Genenah, E.A. Aboutabl, and H.A. Amer Study into wild Egyptian plants of potential medicinal activity. Ninth communication, hypoglycaemic activity of some selected plants in normal fasting and alloxanised rats Archiv fur Experimentalle Veterinarmedizin 44 1990 389 394
221. A.R. Shahverdi, H.R. Monsef-Esfahani, B. Nickavar, L. Bitarafan, S. Khodaee, and N. Khoshakhlagh Antimicrobial activity and main chemical composition of two smoke condensates from Peganum harmala seeds Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung A 60 2005 707 710
222. T.L. Shale, W.A. Stirk, and J. van Staden Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity J. Ethnopharmacol. 67 1999 347 354
223. Shinomol, G.K., Bharath, M.M., Muralidhara, M., 2011. Neuromodulatory propensity of Bacopa monnieri leaf extract against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress, in vitro and in vivo evidences. Neurotoxicity Research 28. [Epub ahead of print]. PubMed PMID, 22203611.
224. A. Shirwaikar, K.K. Sreenivasan, B.R. Krishnanand, A.V. Kumar, and K.A. Vasanth Chemical investigation and antihepatotoxic activity of the root bark of Capparis spinosa Fitoterapia 67 1996 200 204
225. P. Shoekeen, P. Anand, Y.K. Murali, and V. Tandon Antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis and its purified fractions Food Chem. Toxicol. 46 2008 3458 3466
226. S. Singh, V. Nair, and Y.K. Gupta Evaluation of the aphrodisiac activity of Tribulus terrestris Linn. in sexually sluggish male albino rats J. Pharm. Pharmacotherapeutics 3 2012 43 47
227. Soliman, R.A., 1995. Some Pharmacological Studies of Certain Medicinal Plants. M.Sc. Doctoral Thesis. University of El Cairo, Egypt
228. M.M. Soltan, and A.K. Zaki Antiviral screening of forty-two Egyptian medicinal plants J. Ethnopharmacol. 126 2009 102 107
229. S. Soylu, H. Yigitbas, E.M. Soylu, and S. Kurt Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum J. Appl. Microbiol. 103 2007 1021 1030
230. H. Tag, P. Kalita, P. Dwivedi, A.K. Das, and N.D. Namsa Herbal medicines used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Arunachal Himalaya, northeast, India J. Ethnopharmacol. 141 2012 786 795
231. J. Tajik, S. Nafizi, and F. Poorzal The effects of long-term use of Fumaria parviflora extract on some serum biochemical parameters of rats J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 6 2011 710 714
232. D. Taleb-Senouci, H. Ghomari, D. Krouf, S. Bouderbala, J. Prost, M.A. Lacaile-Dubois, and M. Bouchenak Antioxidant effect of Ajuga iva aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Phytomedicine 16 2009 623 631
233. M. Tariq, A.M. Ageel, M.A. el-Yahya, J.S. Mossa, and M.S. al-Said Anti-inflammatory activity of Teucrium polium Int. J. Tissue React. 11 1989 185 188
234. M. Tariq, J.S. Mossa, M.A. Al-Yahya, N.S. Parmar, and A.M. Ageel Evaluation of Artemisia inculta for the anti-inflammatory activity in rats Am. J. Chin. Med. 15 1987 127 132
235. T. Teklehaymanot, and M. Giday Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by people in Zegie Peninsula, northwestern Ethiopia J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 3 2007 12
236. G.C. Tenore, R. Ciampaglia, N.A. Arnold, F. Piozzi, F. Napolitano, D. Rigano, and F. Senatore Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Salvia lanigera from Cyprus Food Chem. Toxicol. 49 2011 238 243
237. F. Tetik, S. Civelek, and U. Cakilcioglu Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey) J. Ethnopharmacol. 2013 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.054 ([Epub ahead of print])
238. C. Thebtaranonth, Y. Thebtaranonth, S. Wanauppathamkul, and Y. Yuthavong Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus, structure of 10,12-peroxycalamene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide Phytochemistry 40 1995 125 128
239. M.S. Toribio, D.S. Oriani, and M.I. Skliar Actividad antimicrobiana de Centaurea solstitialis y Centaurea calcitrapa Ars Pharm. 45 2004 335 341
240. Trabut, L., 1935. Répertoire des noms indigènes des plantes spontanées, cultivées et utilisées dans le Nord de l'Afrique. Collection du Centenaire de l'Algerie, Alger
241. A.C. Tripathi, R. Gupta, and S.K. Saraf Phytochemical investigation, characterization and anticonvulsivant activity of Ricinus communis seeds in mice Nat. Prod. Res. 25 2011 1881 1884
242. R.T. Trotter, and M.H. Logan Informant consensus, a new approach for identifying potentially effective medicinal plants N.L. Etkin, Plants in Indigenous Medicine and Diet, Behavioural Approaches 1986 Redgrave Publishing Company, Bredfort Hills New York 91 112
243. I. Tumen, I. Süntar, H. Keles, and E. Küpeli Akkol A therapeutic approach for wound healing by using essential oils of Cupressus and Juniperus species growing in Turkey Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2012 2012 1 7
244. B. Upadhyay, K.P. Singh, and A. Kumar Ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of medicinal plants of Sariska region, Rajasthan, India J. Ethnopharmacol. 133 2011 14 25
245. J. Vinholes, C. Grosso, P.B. Andrade, A. Gil-Izquierdo, P. Valentão, P. Guedes de Pinho, and F. Ferreres In vitro studies to assess the antidiabetic, anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant potential of Spergularia rubra Food Chem. 129 2011 454 462
246. X. Wang, G.J. Bunkers, M.R. Walters, and R.S. Thoma Purification and characterization of three antifungal proteins from cheeseweed (Malva parviflora) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 282 2001 1224 1228
247. S. Worbs, K. Köhler, D. Pauly, M.A. Avondet, M. Schaer, M.B. Dorner, and B.G. Dorner Ricinus communis intoxications in human and veterinary medicine-a summary of real cases Toxins (Basel) 3 2011 1332 1372
248. R.N. Yadava, and J. Jharbade New antibacterial triterpenoid saponin from Lactuca scariola Fitoterapia 79 2008 245 249
249. R. Yazdanparast, A. Ardestani, and S. Jamshidi Experimental diabetes treated with Achillea santolina, effect on pancreatic oxidative parameters J. Ethnopharmacol. 112 2007 13 18
250. M. Yoshikawa, T. Morikawa, H. Kobayashi, A. Nakamura, K. Matsuhira, S. Nakamura, and H. Matsuda Bioactive saponins and Glycosides. XXVII. 1) Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides and antiallergic constituents from Citrullus colocynthis Chem. Pharm. Bull. 55 2007 428 434
251. M. Yoshikawa, F. Xu, T. Morikawa, K. Ninomiya, and H. Matsuda Anastatins A and B, new skeletal flavonoids with hepatoprotective activities from the desert plant Anastatica hierochuntica Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 13 2003 1045 1049
252. M. Yousefzadi, A. Sonboli, F. Karimic, S.N. Ebrahimi, B. Asghari, and A. Zeinalia Antimicrobial activity of some Salvia species essential oils from Iran Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62 2007 514 518
253. A. Zaoui, Y. Cherrah, and M.A. Lacaille-Dubois Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat Therapie 55 2000 379 382
254. J. Zaringhalam, A. Akbari, E. Tekieh, H. Manaheji, and S. Rezazadeh Achillea santolina reduces serum interlukin-6 level and hyperalgesia during complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation in male Wistar rats J. Chin. Integr. Med. 8 2010 1180 1189
255. H.F. Zhou, C. Xie, R. Jian, J. Kang, Y. Li, C.L. Zhuang, F. Yang, L.L. Zhang, L. Lai, T. Wu, and X. Wu Biflavonoids from Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) fruits and their effects in inhibiting NF-kappa B activation J. Agric. Food Chem. 59 2011 3060 3065