메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 99, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 600-611

The arrhythmogenic consequences of increasing late INa in the cardiomyocyte

Author keywords

Afterpotential; Arrhythmia; Heart; Late INa; Reentry

Indexed keywords

2,3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID; ACONITINE; ANGIOTENSIN II; BATRACHOTOXIN; CALCIUM; CARBON MONOXIDE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; LIOTHYRONINE; LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; NITRIC OXIDE; OUABAIN; PALMITOYLCARNITINE; PROTEIN KINASE FYN; SODIUM ION; VERATRIDINE;

EID: 84883249961     PISSN: 00086363     EISSN: 17553245     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt145     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (108)

References (190)
  • 1
    • 0018349527 scopus 로고
    • The steady state TTX-sensitive ('window') sodium current in cardiac Purkinje fibres
    • Attwell D, Cohen I, Eisner D, Ohba M, Ojeda C. The steady state TTX-sensitive ('window') sodium current in cardiac Purkinje fibres. Pflugers Arch 1979;379:137-142.
    • (1979) Pflugers Arch , vol.379 , pp. 137-142
    • Attwell, D.1    Cohen, I.2    Eisner, D.3    Ohba, M.4    Ojeda, C.5
  • 2
    • 0018460671 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tetrodotoxin on action potentials of the conducting system of the dog heart
    • Coraboeuf E, Deroubaix E, Coulombe A. Effect of tetrodotoxin on action potentials of the conducting system of the dog heart. Am J Physiol 1979;236:H561-H567.
    • (1979) Am J Physiol , vol.236
    • Coraboeuf, E.1    Deroubaix, E.2    Coulombe, A.3
  • 3
    • 0028905566 scopus 로고
    • SCN5A mutations associated with an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, longQTsyndrome
    • Wang Q, Shen J, Splawski I, Atkinson D, Li Z, Robinson JL et al. SCN5A mutations associated with an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, longQTsyndrome. Cell 1995;80:805-811.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 805-811
    • Wang, Q.1    Shen, J.2    Splawski, I.3    Atkinson, D.4    Li, Z.5    Robinson, J.L.6
  • 4
    • 0029097799 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanism for an inherited cardiac arrhythmia
    • Bennett PB, Yazawa K, Makita N, George AL Jr. Molecular mechanism for an inherited cardiac arrhythmia. Nature 1995;376:683-685.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 683-685
    • Bennett, P.B.1    Yazawa, K.2    Makita, N.3    George Jr., A.L.4
  • 5
    • 33745392178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late sodium current in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease: Consequences of sodium-calcium overload
    • Noble D, Noble PJ. Late sodium current in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease: consequences of sodium-calcium overload. Heart 2006;92(Suppl. iv):1-5.
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 1-5
    • Noble, D.1    Noble, P.J.2
  • 6
    • 33745368556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the late sodium current as a potential cardioprotective principle: Effects of the late sodium current inhibitor ranolazine
    • Belardinelli L, Shryock JC, Fraser H. Inhibition of the late sodium current as a potential cardioprotective principle: effects of the late sodium current inhibitor ranolazine. Heart 2006;92(Suppl. iv):6-14.
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 6-14
    • Belardinelli, L.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Fraser, H.3
  • 7
    • 33645997040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of sodiumchannel current in modulating transmural dispersion of repolarization and arrhythmogenesis
    • Antzelevitch C, Belardinelli L. The role of sodiumchannel current in modulating transmural dispersion of repolarization and arrhythmogenesis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17(Suppl. 1):S79-S85.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Antzelevitch, C.1    Belardinelli, L.2
  • 8
    • 33645975213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the persistent Na+ current during cardiac ischemia and hypoxia
    • Saint DA. The role of the persistent Na+ current during cardiac ischemia and hypoxia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17:S96-S103.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.17
    • Saint, D.A.1
  • 9
    • 40949122385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of late sodium current to reduce electrical and mechanical dysfunction of ischaemic myocardium
    • Shryock JC, Belardinelli L. Inhibition of late sodium current to reduce electrical and mechanical dysfunction of ischaemic myocardium. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1128-1132.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.153 , pp. 1128-1132
    • Shryock, J.C.1    Belardinelli, L.2
  • 10
    • 40949140176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac persistent sodium current: An appealing therapeutic target?
    • Saint DA. The cardiac persistent sodium current: an appealing therapeutic target? Br J Pharmacol 2008;153:1133-1142.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.153 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Saint, D.A.1
  • 11
    • 50649110687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and pharmacology of the cardiac 'late sodium current
    • Zaza A, Belardinelli L, Shryock JC. Pathophysiology and pharmacology of the cardiac 'late sodium current'. Pharmacol Ther 2008;119:326-339.
    • (2008) Pharmacol Ther , vol.119 , pp. 326-339
    • Zaza, A.1    Belardinelli, L.2    Shryock, J.C.3
  • 12
    • 54949132945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late sodium current is a new therapeutic target to improve contractility and rhythm in failing heart
    • Undrovinas A, Maltsev VA. Late sodium current is a new therapeutic target to improve contractility and rhythm in failing heart. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2008; 6:348-359.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem , vol.6 , pp. 348-359
    • Undrovinas, A.1    Maltsev, V.A.2
  • 14
    • 74949141109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anovel mechanism for the treat of angina, arrhythmias, and diastolic dysfunction: Inhibition of late INa using ranolazine
    • Maier LS.Anovel mechanism for the treat of angina, arrhythmias, and diastolic dysfunction: inhibition of late INa using ranolazine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009;54:279-286.
    • (2009) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 279-286
    • Maier, L.S.1
  • 15
    • 67649547603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium channel mutations and arrhythmias
    • Ruan Y, Liu N, Priori SG. Sodium channel mutations and arrhythmias. Nat Rev Cardiol 2009;6:337-348.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Cardiol , vol.6 , pp. 337-348
    • Ruan, Y.1    Liu, N.2    Priori, S.G.3
  • 16
  • 17
    • 84857640089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of the cardiac late Na current and its potential as a drug target
    • Moreno JD, Clancy CE. Pathophysiology of the cardiac late Na current and its potential as a drug target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012;52:608-619.
    • (2012) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 608-619
    • Moreno, J.D.1    Clancy, C.E.2
  • 18
    • 84858025689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation and mechanistic investigation of the arrhythmogenic role of the late sodium current in human heart failure
    • Trenor B, Cardona K, Gomez JF, Rajamani S, Ferrero JM Jr, Belardinelli L et al. Simulation and mechanistic investigation of the arrhythmogenic role of the late sodium current in human heart failure. PLoS One 2012;7:e32659.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Trenor, B.1    Cardona, K.2    Gomez, J.F.3    Rajamani, S.4    Ferrero Jr., J.M.5    Belardinelli, L.6
  • 19
    • 0028036831 scopus 로고
    • Properties of single cardiac Na channels at 358C
    • Benndorf K. Properties of single cardiac Na channels at 358C. J Gen Physiol 1994; 104:801-820.
    • (1994) J Gen Physiol , vol.104 , pp. 801-820
    • Benndorf, K.1
  • 20
    • 0021824529 scopus 로고
    • Slow currents through single sodiumchannels of the adult rat heart
    • Patlak JB, Ortiz M. Slow currents through single sodiumchannels of the adult rat heart. J Gen Physiol 1985;86:89-104.
    • (1985) J Gen Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 89-104
    • Patlak, J.B.1    Ortiz, M.2
  • 21
    • 0024503561 scopus 로고
    • Late sodium current and its contribution to action potential configuration in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Kiyosue T, Arita M. Late sodium current and its contribution to action potential configuration in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 1989;64:389-397.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.64 , pp. 389-397
    • Kiyosue, T.1    Arita, M.2
  • 22
    • 29244484461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-modal composition of the late Na+ current in human ventricular cardiomyocytes
    • Maltsev VA, Undrovinas AI. A multi-modal composition of the late Na+ current in human ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2006;69:116-127.
    • (2006) Cardiovasc Res , vol.69 , pp. 116-127
    • Maltsev, V.A.1    Undrovinas, A.I.2
  • 23
    • 0032898049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repolarization abnormalities in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure: Role of sustained inward current
    • Undrovinas AI, Maltsev VA, Sabbah HN. Repolarization abnormalities in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure: role of sustained inward current. Cell Mol Life Sci 1999;55:494-505.
    • (1999) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.55 , pp. 494-505
    • Undrovinas, A.I.1    Maltsev, V.A.2    Sabbah, H.N.3
  • 25
    • 14744290314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased late sodium current in myocytes from a canine heart failure model and from failing human heart
    • Valdivia CR,ChuWW,Pu J, Foell JD, HaworthRA,WolffMRet al. Increased late sodium current in myocytes from a canine heart failure model and from failing human heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005;38:475-483.
    • (2005) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.38 , pp. 475-483
    • Valdivia, C.R.1    Chu, W.W.2    Pu, J.3    Foell, J.D.4    Haworth, R.A.5    Wolff, M.R.6
  • 26
    • 33847261532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic heart failure slows late sodium current in human and canine ventricular myocytes: Implication for repolarization variability
    • Maltsev VA, Silverman N, Sabbah HN, Undrovinas AI. Chronic heart failure slows late sodium current in human and canine ventricular myocytes: Implication for repolarization variability. Eur J Heart Fail 2007;9:219-227.
    • (2007) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.9 , pp. 219-227
    • Maltsev, V.A.1    Silverman, N.2    Sabbah, H.N.3    Undrovinas, A.I.4
  • 27
    • 0028798090 scopus 로고
    • Palmitoylcarnitine increases [Na+]i and initiates transient inward current in adult ventricular myocytes
    • Wu J, Corr PB. Palmitoylcarnitine increases [Na+]i and initiates transient inward current in adult ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol 1995;268:H2405-H2417.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • Wu, J.1    Corr, P.B.2
  • 28
    • 0029952835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia increases persistent sodium current in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Ju Y-K, Saint DA, Gage PW. Hypoxia increases persistent sodium current in rat ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 1996;497:337-347.
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.497 , pp. 337-347
    • Ju, Y.-K.1    Saint, D.A.2    Gage, P.W.3
  • 29
    • 0036736366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia and persistent sodium current
    • Hammarström AKM, Gage PW. Hypoxia and persistent sodium current. Eur Biophys J 2002;31:323-330.
    • (2002) Eur Biophys J , vol.31 , pp. 323-330
    • Hammarström, A.K.M.1    Gage, P.W.2
  • 30
    • 28344436471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actions of emigrated neutrophils on Na+ and K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Ward CA, BazzaziH, Clark RB, Nygren A, Giles WR. Actions of emigrated neutrophils on Na+ and K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006; 90:249-269.
    • (2006) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.90 , pp. 249-269
    • Ward, C.A.1    Bazzazi, H.2    Clark, R.B.3    Nygren, A.4    Giles, W.R.5
  • 31
    • 0030957101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionic mechanism of the effects of hydrogen peroxide in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Ward CA, Giles WR. Ionic mechanism of the effects of hydrogen peroxide in rat ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 1997;500:631-642.
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.500 , pp. 631-642
    • Ward, C.A.1    Giles, W.R.2
  • 32
    • 0037440099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute exposure to thyroid hormone increases Na+ current and intracellular Ca2+ in cat atrial myocytes
    • Wang YG, Dedkova EN, Fiening JP, Ojamaa K, Blatter LA, Lipsius SL. Acute exposure to thyroid hormone increases Na+ current and intracellular Ca2+ in cat atrial myocytes. J Physiol 2003;546:491-499.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.546 , pp. 491-499
    • Wang, Y.G.1    Dedkova, E.N.2    Fiening, J.P.3    Ojamaa, K.4    Blatter, L.A.5    Lipsius, S.L.6
  • 33
    • 23644433670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherited disorders of voltage-gated sodium channels
    • George AL Jr. Inherited disorders of voltage-gated sodium channels. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:1990-1999.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 1990-1999
    • George Jr., A.L.1
  • 34
    • 73049097840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 and interacting proteins: Physiology and pathophysiology
    • Abriel H. Cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 and interacting proteins: physiology and pathophysiology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010;48:2-11.
    • (2010) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 2-11
    • Abriel, H.1
  • 35
    • 0022387185 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac Na currents and the inactivating, reopening, and waiting properties of single cardiac Na channels
    • Kunze DL, Lacerda AE, Wilson DL, Brown AM. Cardiac Na currents and the inactivating, reopening, and waiting properties of single cardiac Na channels. J Gen Physiol 1985; 86:691-719.
    • (1985) J Gen Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 691-719
    • Kunze, D.L.1    Lacerda, A.E.2    Wilson, D.L.3    Brown, A.M.4
  • 36
    • 0347933686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four types of late Na channel current in isolated ventricular myocytes with reference to their contribution to the lastingness of action potential plateau
    • Li CZ,Wang XD,WangHW, Bian YT, Liu YM. Four types of late Na channel current in isolated ventricular myocytes with reference to their contribution to the lastingness of action potential plateau. Acta Physiol Sinica 1997;49:241-248.
    • (1997) Acta Physiol Sinica , vol.49 , pp. 241-248
    • Li, C.Z.1    Wang, X.D.2    Wang, H.W.3    Bian, Y.T.4    Liu, Y.M.5
  • 37
    • 0036839970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into the molecular mechanisms of bradycardia-triggered arrhythmias in long QT-3 syndrome
    • Clancy CE, Tateyama M, Kass RS. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of bradycardia-triggered arrhythmias in long QT-3 syndrome. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:1251-1262.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 1251-1262
    • Clancy, C.E.1    Tateyama, M.2    Kass, R.S.3
  • 38
    • 0038372754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-equilibrium gating in cardiac Na+ channels. An original mechanism of arrhythmia
    • Clancy CE, Tateyama M, Liu H, Wehrens XHT, Kass RS. Non-equilibrium gating in cardiac Na+ channels. An original mechanism of arrhythmia. Circulation 2003; 107:2233-2237.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 2233-2237
    • Clancy, C.E.1    Tateyama, M.2    Liu, H.3    Wehrens, X.H.T.4    Kass, R.S.5
  • 39
    • 0028298795 scopus 로고
    • Sodium channel blockade reduces hypoxic sodium loading and sodium-dependent calcium loading
    • Haigney MCP, Lakatta EG, Stern MD, Silverman HS. Sodium channel blockade reduces hypoxic sodium loading and sodium-dependent calcium loading. Circulation 1994; 90:391-399.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 391-399
    • Haigney, M.C.P.1    Lakatta, E.G.2    Stern, M.D.3    Silverman, H.S.4
  • 41
    • 0028340233 scopus 로고
    • Late Na channels in cardiac cells: The physiological role of background Na channels
    • Zilberter Y, Starmer CF, Starobin J, Grant AO. Late Na channels in cardiac cells: the physiological role of background Na channels. Biophys J 1994;67:153-160.
    • (1994) Biophys J , vol.67 , pp. 153-160
    • Zilberter, Y.1    Starmer, C.F.2    Starobin, J.3    Grant, A.O.4
  • 42
    • 0344608880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Na+ regulation in cardiac myocytes
    • Bers DM, Barry WH, Despa S. Intracellular Na+ regulation in cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2003;57:897-912.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 897-912
    • Bers, D.M.1    Barry, W.H.2    Despa, S.3
  • 43
    • 0022401434 scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine's negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic actions. Dependence on shortening of action potential duration and reduction of intracellular Na+ activity
    • Sheu S-S, Lederer WJ. Lidocaine's negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic actions. Dependence on shortening of action potential duration and reduction of intracellular Na+ activity. Circ Res 1985;57:578-590.
    • (1985) Circ Res , vol.57 , pp. 578-590
    • Sheu, S.-S.1    Lederer, W.J.2
  • 44
    • 33645971939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na+current inhuman ventricle: Implications for sodium loading and homeostasis
    • Makielski JC, Farley AL.Na+current inhuman ventricle: implications for sodium loading and homeostasis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17:S15-S20.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.17
    • Makielski, J.C.1    Farley, A.L.2
  • 45
    • 0022628496 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular sodiumand the positive inotropic effect of veratridine and cardiac glycoside in sheep Purkinje fibers
    • Brill DM,Wasserstrom JA. Intracellular sodiumand the positive inotropic effect of veratridine and cardiac glycoside in sheep Purkinje fibers. Circ Res 1986;58:109-119.
    • (1986) Circ Res , vol.58 , pp. 109-119
    • Brill, D.M.1    Wasserstrom, J.A.2
  • 47
    • 45549105581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranolazine improves diastolic dysfunction in isolated myocardium from failing human hearts: Role of late sodium current and intracellular ion accumulation
    • Sossalla S,Wagner S, Rasenack ECL, RuffH,Weber SL, Schöndube FA et al. Ranolazine improves diastolic dysfunction in isolated myocardium from failing human hearts: role of late sodium current and intracellular ion accumulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008; 45:32-43.
    • (2008) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 32-43
    • Sossalla, S.1    Wagner, S.2    Rasenack, E.C.L.3    Ruff, H.4    Weber, S.L.5    Schöndube, F.A.6
  • 48
    • 0024559253 scopus 로고
    • Rat vs. rabbit ventricle: Ca flux and intracellular Na assessed by ion-selective microelectrodes
    • Shattock MJ, Bers DM. Rat vs. rabbit ventricle: Ca flux and intracellular Na assessed by ion-selective microelectrodes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 1989;256:C813-C822.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.256
    • Shattock, M.J.1    Bers, D.M.2
  • 49
    • 0037085515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular [Na+] and Na+ pump rate in rat and rabbit ventricular myocytes
    • Despa S, Islam MA, Pogwizd SM, Bers DM. Intracellular [Na+] and Na+ pump rate in rat and rabbit ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 2002;539:133-143.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.539 , pp. 133-143
    • Despa, S.1    Islam, M.A.2    Pogwizd, S.M.3    Bers, D.M.4
  • 50
    • 55949087203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranolazine inhibits an oxidative stress-induced increase in myocyte sodium and calcium loading during simulated-demand ischemia
    • Zhang XQ, Yamada S, Barry WH. Ranolazine inhibits an oxidative stress-induced increase in myocyte sodium and calcium loading during simulated-demand ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008;51:443-449.
    • (2008) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.51 , pp. 443-449
    • Zhang, X.Q.1    Yamada, S.2    Barry, W.H.3
  • 51
    • 0037188622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Na+ concentration is elevated in heart failure but Na/K pump function is unchanged
    • Despa S, Islam MA,Weber CR, Pogwizd SM, Bers DM. Intracellular Na+ concentration is elevated in heart failure but Na/K pump function is unchanged. Circulation 2002; 105:2543-2548.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2543-2548
    • Despa, S.1    Islam, M.A.2    Weber, C.R.3    Pogwizd, S.M.4    Bers, D.M.5
  • 52
    • 0037162348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate dependence of [Na+]i and contractility in nonfailing and failing human myocardium
    • Pieske B, Maier LS, Piacentino V,Weisser J, Hasenfuss G, Houser S. Rate dependence of [Na+]i and contractility in nonfailing and failing human myocardium. Circulation 2002; 106:447-453.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 447-453
    • Pieske, B.1    Maier, L.S.2    Piacentino, V.3    Weisser, J.4    Hasenfuss, G.5    Houser, S.6
  • 53
    • 0037377081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular Na in animal models of hypertrophy and heart failure: Contractile function and arrhythmogenesis
    • Pogwizd SM, Sipido KR, Verdonck F, Bers DM. Intracellular Na in animal models of hypertrophy and heart failure: contractile function and arrhythmogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2003;57:887-896.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 887-896
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Sipido, K.R.2    Verdonck, F.3    Bers, D.M.4
  • 54
    • 0037376127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased Na+ concentration and altered Na/K pump activity in hypertrophied canine ventricular cells
    • Verdonck F, Volders PG, Vos MA, Sipido KR. Increased Na+ concentration and altered Na/K pump activity in hypertrophied canine ventricular cells. Cardiovasc Res 2003; 57:1035-1043.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 1035-1043
    • Verdonck, F.1    Volders, P.G.2    Vos, M.A.3    Sipido, K.R.4
  • 55
    • 33846998341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular sodium determines frequencydependent alterations in contractility in hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes
    • Mills GD, Harris DM, Chen X, Houser SR. Intracellular sodium determines frequencydependent alterations in contractility in hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes.AmJ Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;292:H1129-H1138.
    • (2007) AmJ Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.292
    • Mills, G.D.1    Harris, D.M.2    Chen, X.3    Houser, S.R.4
  • 57
    • 0020085857 scopus 로고
    • Increase in intracellular sodium ion activity during stimulation in mammalian cardiac muscle
    • Cohen CJ, Fozzard HA, Sheu SS. Increase in intracellular sodium ion activity during stimulation in mammalian cardiac muscle. Circ Res 1982;50:651-662.
    • (1982) Circ Res , vol.50 , pp. 651-662
    • Cohen, C.J.1    Fozzard, H.A.2    Sheu, S.S.3
  • 58
    • 0020395993 scopus 로고
    • Effect of strophanthidin on intracellular Na ion activity and twitch tension in constantly driven canine cardiac Purkinje fibers
    • Lee CO, Dagostino M. Effect of strophanthidin on intracellular Na ion activity and twitch tension in constantly driven canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Biophys J 1982; 40:185-198.
    • (1982) Biophys J , vol.40 , pp. 185-198
    • Lee, C.O.1    Dagostino, M.2
  • 59
    • 0021285278 scopus 로고
    • The quantitative relationship between twitch tension and intracellular sodium activity in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres
    • Eisner DA, Lederer WJ, Vaughan-Jones RD. The quantitative relationship between twitch tension and intracellular sodium activity in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres. J Physiol 1984;355:251-266.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.355 , pp. 251-266
    • Eisner, D.A.1    Lederer, W.J.2    Vaughan-Jones, R.D.3
  • 60
    • 0025272685 scopus 로고
    • Sodium current-induced release of calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Leblanc N, Hume JR. Sodium current-induced release of calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Science 1990;248:372-376.
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 372-376
    • Leblanc, N.1    Hume, J.R.2
  • 61
    • 33645994855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na+ 'fuzzy space': Does it exist, and is it important in ischemic injury?
    • Barry WH. Na+ 'fuzzy space': does it exist, and is it important in ischemic injury? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17(Suppl. 1):S43-S46.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Barry, W.H.1
  • 63
    • 33745251122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking late sodium current reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced arrhythmogenic activity and contractile dysfunction
    • Song Y, Shryock JC, Wagner S, Maier LS, Belardinelli L. Blocking late sodium current reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced arrhythmogenic activity and contractile dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;318:214-222.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , pp. 214-222
    • Song, Y.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Wagner, S.3    Maier, L.S.4    Belardinelli, L.5
  • 65
    • 33646007982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranolazine improves abnormal repolarization and contraction in left ventricular myocytes of dogs with heart failure by inhibiting late sodium current
    • Undrovinas AI, Belardinelli L, UndrovinasNA, Sabbah HN.Ranolazine improves abnormal repolarization and contraction in left ventricular myocytes of dogs with heart failure by inhibiting late sodium current. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17(Suppl. 1): S169-S177.
    • (2006) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Undrovinas, A.I.1    Belardinelli, L.2    Undrovinas, N.A.3    Sabbah, H.N.4
  • 66
    • 79955006390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the late sodium current improves cardiac function during sodium pump inhibition by ouabain
    • Hoyer K, Song Y,Wang D, Phan D, Balschi J, Ingwall JS et al. Reducing the late sodium current improves cardiac function during sodium pump inhibition by ouabain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011;337:513-523.
    • (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.337 , pp. 513-523
    • Hoyer, K.1    Song, Y.2    Wang, D.3    Phan, D.4    Balschi, J.5    Ingwall, J.S.6
  • 68
    • 67651067954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lateNa+current (INa) inhibitor ranolazine attenuates effects of palmitoyl-L-carnitine to increase late INa and cause ventricular diastolic dysfunction
    • WuY, Song Y, Belardinelli L, Shryock JC. The lateNa+current (INa) inhibitor ranolazine attenuates effects of palmitoyl-L-carnitine to increase late INa and cause ventricular diastolic dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;330:550-557.
    • (2009) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.330 , pp. 550-557
    • Wuy Song, Y.1    Belardinelli, L.2    Shryock, J.C.3
  • 69
    • 43049168662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in action potentials and intracellular ionic homeostasis in a ventricular cell model related to a persistent sodium current in SCN5A mutations underlying LQT3
    • Christé G, Chahine M, Chevalier P, Pasek M. Changes in action potentials and intracellular ionic homeostasis in a ventricular cell model related to a persistent sodium current in SCN5A mutations underlying LQT3. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2008;96:281-293.
    • (2008) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.96 , pp. 281-293
    • Christé, G.1    Chahine, M.2    Chevalier, P.3    Pasek, M.4
  • 71
    • 46849116203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium late current blockers in ischemia reperfusion: Is the bullet magic?
    • Le Grand B, Pignier C, Letienne R, Cuisiat F, Rolland F, Mas A et al. Sodium late current blockers in ischemia reperfusion: Is the bullet magic? J Med Chem 2008;51:3856-3866.
    • (2008) J Med Chem , vol.51 , pp. 3856-3866
    • Le Grand, B.1    Pignier, C.2    Letienne, R.3    Cuisiat, F.4    Rolland, F.5    Mas, A.6
  • 72
    • 79955559140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late sodium current contributes to the reverse rate-dependent effect of IKr inhibition on ventricular repolarization
    • Wu L, Ma J, Li H,Wang C, Grandi E, Zhang P et al. Late sodium current contributes to the reverse rate-dependent effect of IKr inhibition on ventricular repolarization. Circulation 2011;123:1713-1720.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , pp. 1713-1720
    • Wu, L.1    Ma, J.2    Li, H.3    Wang, C.4    Grandi, E.5    Zhang, P.6
  • 73
    • 79958158591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the undiseased human cardiac ventricular action potential: Model formulation and experimental validation
    • O'Hara T, Virag L, Varro A, Rudy Y. Simulation of the undiseased human cardiac ventricular action potential: model formulation and experimental validation. PLoS Comput Biol 2011;7:e1002061.
    • (2011) PLoS Comput Biol , vol.7
    • O'Hara, T.1    Virag, L.2    Varro, A.3    Rudy, Y.4
  • 74
  • 76
    • 44949176560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An increase of late sodium current induces delayed afterdepolarizations and sustained triggered activity in atrial myocytes
    • Song Y, Shryock JC, Belardinelli L. An increase of late sodium current induces delayed afterdepolarizations and sustained triggered activity in atrial myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008;294:H2031-H2039.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.294
    • Song, Y.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Belardinelli, L.3
  • 77
    • 70349623327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A slowly inactivating sodium current contributes to spontaneous diastolic depolarization of atrial myocytes
    • Song Y, Shryock JC, Belardinelli L. A slowly inactivating sodium current contributes to spontaneous diastolic depolarization of atrial myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;297:H1254-H1262.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.297
    • Song, Y.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Belardinelli, L.3
  • 78
    • 77951810890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased late sodium current in left atrial myocytes of rabbits with left ventricular hypertrophy: Its role in the genesis of atrial arrhythmias
    • Guo D, Young L, Wu Y, Belardinelli L, Kowey PR, Yan GX. Increased late sodium current in left atrial myocytes of rabbits with left ventricular hypertrophy: its role in the genesis of atrial arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1375-H1381.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.298
    • Guo, D.1    Young, L.2    Wu, Y.3    Belardinelli, L.4    Kowey, P.R.5    Yan, G.X.6
  • 80
    • 0030819433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium channel block with mexiletine is effective in reducing dispersion of repolarization and preventing torsades de pointes inLQT2andLQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome
    • ShimizuW, Antzelevitch C. Sodium channel block with mexiletine is effective in reducing dispersion of repolarization and preventing torsades de pointes inLQT2andLQT3 models of the long-QT syndrome. Circulation 1997;96:2038-2047.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2038-2047
    • Shimizu, W.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 81
    • 3242778566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism by ranolazine of the pro-arrhythmic effects of increasing late INa in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Song Y, Shryock JC, Wu L, Belardinelli L. Antagonism by ranolazine of the pro-arrhythmic effects of increasing late INa in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004;44:192-199.
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 192-199
    • Song, Y.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Wu, L.3    Belardinelli, L.4
  • 82
    • 54549087832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amutation in the sodium channel is responsible for the association of longQT syndrome and familial atrial fibrillation
    • Benito B, Brugada R, Perich RM, Lizotte E, Cinca J, Mont L et al.Amutation in the sodium channel is responsible for the association of longQT syndrome and familial atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:1434-1440.
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm , vol.5 , pp. 1434-1440
    • Benito, B.1    Brugada, R.2    Perich, R.M.3    Lizotte, E.4    Cinca, J.5    Mont, L.6
  • 86
    • 0015302085 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic properties of isolated preparations of human atrial myocardium
    • Gelband H, Bush HL, Rosen MR, Myerburg RJ, Hoffman BF. Electrophysiologic properties of isolated preparations of human atrial myocardium. Circ Res 1972;30:293-300.
    • (1972) Circ Res , vol.30 , pp. 293-300
    • Gelband, H.1    Bush, H.L.2    Rosen, M.R.3    Myerburg, R.J.4    Hoffman, B.F.5
  • 88
    • 0014331053 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for specialized fibers in the canine right atrium
    • Hogan PM, Davis LD. Evidence for specialized fibers in the canine right atrium. Circ Res 1968;23:387-396.
    • (1968) Circ Res , vol.23 , pp. 387-396
    • Hogan, P.M.1    Davis, L.D.2
  • 89
    • 0017541373 scopus 로고
    • Triggered and automatic activity in the canine coronary sinus
    • Wit AL, Cranefield PF. Triggered and automatic activity in the canine coronary sinus. Circ Res 1977;41:434-445.
    • (1977) Circ Res , vol.41 , pp. 434-445
    • Wit, A.L.1    Cranefield, P.F.2
  • 90
    • 0019838631 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary vein as an ectopic focus in digitalis-induced arrhythmia
    • CheungDW. Pulmonary vein as an ectopic focus in digitalis-induced arrhythmia. Nature 1981;294:582-584.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.294 , pp. 582-584
    • Cheung, D.W.1
  • 91
    • 18744423286 scopus 로고
    • Possible electrophysiological mechanisms for lethal arrhythmias accompanying myocardial ischemia and infarction
    • Wit AL, Bigger JT Jr. Possible electrophysiological mechanisms for lethal arrhythmias accompanying myocardial ischemia and infarction. Circulation 1975;52(Suppl. 6): III96-III115.
    • (1975) Circulation , vol.52 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Wit, A.L.1    Bigger Jr., J.T.2
  • 92
    • 0023138096 scopus 로고
    • Slow inactivation of the sodium current in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibres
    • Carmeliet E. Slow inactivation of the sodium current in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibres. Pflügers Arch 1987;408:18-26.
    • (1987) Pflügers Arch , vol.408 , pp. 18-26
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 93
    • 0020048065 scopus 로고
    • Shortening of the action potential and reduction of pacemaker activity by lidocaine, quinidine, and procainamide in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers
    • Carmeliet E, Saikawa T. Shortening of the action potential and reduction of pacemaker activity by lidocaine, quinidine, and procainamide in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circ Res 1982;50:257-272.
    • (1982) Circ Res , vol.50 , pp. 257-272
    • Carmeliet, E.1    Saikawa, T.2
  • 94
    • 0037386150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch-clamp analysis in canine cardiac Purkinje cells of a novel sodium component in the pacemaker range
    • Rota M, Vassalle M. Patch-clamp analysis in canine cardiac Purkinje cells of a novel sodium component in the pacemaker range. J Physiol 2003;548:147-165.
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.548 , pp. 147-165
    • Rota, M.1    Vassalle, M.2
  • 95
    • 0026771182 scopus 로고
    • A persistent sodium current in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Saint DA, Ju Y-K, Gage PW. A persistent sodium current in rat ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 1992;453:219-231.
    • (1992) J Physiol , vol.453 , pp. 219-231
    • Saint, D.A.1    Ju, Y.-K.2    Gage, P.W.3
  • 96
    • 0034634299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of a persistent sodium current across the ventricular wall in guinea pigs
    • Sakmann BFAS, Spindler AJ, Bryant SM, LinzKW, Noble D. Distribution of a persistent sodium current across the ventricular wall in guinea pigs. Circ Res 2000;87:910-914.
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 910-914
    • Sakmann, B.F.A.S.1    Spindler, A.J.2    Bryant, S.M.3    Linz, K.W.4    Noble, D.5
  • 97
    • 0020059648 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of lidocaine and quinidine on action potential duration in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers
    • Colatsky TJ. Mechanisms of action of lidocaine and quinidine on action potential duration in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers. Circ Res 1982;50:17-27.
    • (1982) Circ Res , vol.50 , pp. 17-27
    • Colatsky, T.J.1
  • 98
    • 0026660983 scopus 로고
    • Nachannels that remain open throughout the cardiac action potential plateau
    • Liu Y-M, DeFelice LJ, Mazzanti M. Nachannels that remain open throughout the cardiac action potential plateau. Biophys J 1992;63:654-662.
    • (1992) Biophys J , vol.63 , pp. 654-662
    • Liu, Y.-M.1    Defelice, L.J.2    Mazzanti, M.3
  • 100
    • 0032066007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking the 'idio' out of 'idiosyncratic': Predicting torsades de pointes
    • Roden DM. Taking the 'idio' out of 'idiosyncratic': predicting torsades de pointes. PACE 1998;21:1029-1034.
    • (1998) PACE , vol.21 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Roden, D.M.1
  • 101
    • 0022968995 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of arrhythmogenic delayed and early afterdepolarizations in ferret ventricular muscle
    • Marban E, RobinsonSW, Wier WG. Mechanisms of arrhythmogenic delayed and early afterdepolarizations in ferret ventricular muscle. J Clin Invest 1986;78:1185-1192.
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.78 , pp. 1185-1192
    • Marban, E.1    Robinson, S.W.2    Wier, W.G.3
  • 102
    • 0024556795 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations: Mechanism of induction and block. A role for L-type Ca2+ current
    • January CT, Riddle JM. Early afterdepolarizations: mechanism of induction and block. A role for L-type Ca2+ current. Circ Res 1989;64:977-990.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.64 , pp. 977-990
    • January, C.T.1    Riddle, J.M.2
  • 103
    • 0028911903 scopus 로고
    • Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: Mechanism and rate dependence
    • Zeng J, Rudy Y. Early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocytes: mechanism and rate dependence. Biophys J 1995;68:949-964.
    • (1995) Biophys J , vol.68 , pp. 949-964
    • Zeng, J.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 104
    • 59649127713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress-induced afterdepolarizations and calmodulin kinase II signaling
    • Xie L-H, Chen F, Karagueuzian HS,Weiss JN. Oxidative stress-induced afterdepolarizations and calmodulin kinase II signaling. Circ Res 2009;104:79-86.
    • (2009) Circ Res , vol.104 , pp. 79-86
    • Xie, L.-H.1    Chen, F.2    Karagueuzian, H.S.3    Weiss, J.N.4
  • 106
    • 0031039641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of inwardNa+-Ca2+exchange current in the ferret ventricular action potential
    • JanvierNC,Harrison SM, BoyettMR. The role of inwardNa+-Ca2+exchange current in the ferret ventricular action potential. J Physiol 1997;498:611-625.
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.498 , pp. 611-625
    • Janvier, N.C.1    Harrison, S.M.2    Boyett, M.R.3
  • 107
    • 0037488534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of sodiumcalcium exchanger in modulating the action potential of ventricular myocytes from normal and failing hearts
    • Armoundas AA, Hobai IA, Tomaselli GF, Winslow RL, O'Rourke B. Role of sodiumcalcium exchanger in modulating the action potential of ventricular myocytes from normal and failing hearts. Circ Res 2003;93:46-53.
    • (2003) Circ Res , vol.93 , pp. 46-53
    • Armoundas, A.A.1    Hobai, I.A.2    Tomaselli, G.F.3    Winslow, R.L.4    O'Rourke, B.5
  • 108
    • 0344009565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Na+/Ca2+ exchange induced by SR Ca2+ release on action potentials and afterdepolarizations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes
    • Spencer CI, Sham JSK. Effects of Na+/Ca2+ exchange induced by SR Ca2+ release on action potentials and afterdepolarizations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003;285:H2552-H2562.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.285
    • Spencer, C.I.1    Sham, J.S.K.2
  • 109
    • 79959984154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of canine Purkinje cell electrophysiology and Ca2+ cycling. Rate dependence, triggered activity, and comparison to ventricular myocytes
    • Li P, Rudy Y. A model of canine Purkinje cell electrophysiology and Ca2+ cycling. Rate dependence, triggered activity, and comparison to ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 2011; 109:71-79.
    • (2011) Circ Res , vol.109 , pp. 71-79
    • Li, P.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 110
    • 52949139377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of subendocardial Purkinje network in triggering torsade de pointes arrhythmia in experimental long QT syndrome
    • Ben Caref E, Boutjdir M, Himel HD, El-Sherif N. Role of subendocardial Purkinje network in triggering torsade de pointes arrhythmia in experimental long QT syndrome. Europace 2008;10:1218-1223.
    • (2008) Europace , vol.10 , pp. 1218-1223
    • Ben Caref, E.1    Boutjdir, M.2    Himel, H.D.3    El-Sherif, N.4
  • 111
    • 0025938657 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evaluation of early afterdepolarisations induced by sea anemone toxin (ATXII) in dog heart
    • Boutjdir M, El-Sherif N. Pharmacological evaluation of early afterdepolarisations induced by sea anemone toxin (ATXII) in dog heart. Cardiovasc Res 1991;25:815-819.
    • (1991) Cardiovasc Res , vol.25 , pp. 815-819
    • Boutjdir, M.1    El-Sherif, N.2
  • 112
    • 40049087004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological separation of early afterdepolarizations from arrhythmogenic substrate in deltaKPQ SCN5A murine hearts modelling human long QT 3 syndrome
    • Thomas G, Killeen MJ, Grace AA, Huang CL. Pharmacological separation of early afterdepolarizations from arrhythmogenic substrate in deltaKPQ SCN5A murine hearts modelling human long QT 3 syndrome. Acta Physiol 2008;192:505-517.
    • (2008) Acta Physiol , vol.192 , pp. 505-517
    • Thomas, G.1    Killeen, M.J.2    Grace, A.A.3    Huang, C.L.4
  • 113
    • 78651326450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of re-entrant and multifocal ventricular fibrillation by the late sodium current blocker ranolazine
    • Morita N, Lee JH, Xie Y, Sovari A, Qu Z,Weiss JN et al. Suppression of re-entrant and multifocal ventricular fibrillation by the late sodium current blocker ranolazine. J AmColl Cardiol 2011;57:366-375.
    • (2011) J AmColl Cardiol , vol.57 , pp. 366-375
    • Morita, N.1    Lee, J.H.2    Xie, Y.3    Sovari, A.4    Qu Zweiss, J.N.5
  • 114
    • 33646535323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RSD1235 blocks late INa and suppresses early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes induced by class III agents
    • Orth PM, Hesketh JC, Mak CK, Yang Y, Lin S, BeatchGNet al. RSD1235 blocks late INa and suppresses early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes induced by class III agents. Cardiovasc Res 2006;70:486-496.
    • (2006) Cardiovasc Res , vol.70 , pp. 486-496
    • Orth, P.M.1    Hesketh, J.C.2    Mak, C.K.3    Yang, Y.4    Lin, S.5    Beatch, G.N.6
  • 116
    • 84873567647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late sodium current inhibition reverses electromechanical dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    • Coppini R, Ferrantini C, Yao L, Fan P, Del Lungo M, Stillitano F et al. Late sodium current inhibition reverses electromechanical dysfunction in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2013;127:575-584.
    • (2013) Circulation , vol.127 , pp. 575-584
    • Coppini, R.1    Ferrantini, C.2    Yao, L.3    Fan, P.4    Del Lungo, M.5    Stillitano, F.6
  • 117
    • 79960753496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the late sodium current by ATX-II and ranolazine affects the reverse use-dependence and proarrhythmic liability of IKr blockade
    • Jia S, Lian J,GuoD, Xue X, Patel C, Yang L et al. Modulation of the late sodium current by ATX-II and ranolazine affects the reverse use-dependence and proarrhythmic liability of IKr blockade. Br J Pharmacol 2011;164:308-316.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.164 , pp. 308-316
    • Jia, S.1    Lian, J.2    Guo, D.3    Xue, X.4    Patel, C.5    Yang, L.6
  • 118
    • 0028874658 scopus 로고
    • LongQTsyndrome patients with mutations of the SCN5A and HERG genes have differential responses to Na+ blockade and to increases in heat rate. Implications for gene-specific therapy
    • Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Locati EH, Napolitano C, Cantu F, Towbin JA et al. LongQTsyndrome patients with mutations of the SCN5A and HERG genes have differential responses to Na+ blockade and to increases in heat rate. Implications for gene-specific therapy. Circulation 1995;92:3381-3386.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 3381-3386
    • Schwartz, P.J.1    Priori, S.G.2    Locati, E.H.3    Napolitano, C.4    Cantu, F.5    Towbin, J.A.6
  • 120
    • 31144473292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An increase in late sodium current potentiates the proarrhythmic activities of low-risk QT-prolonging drugs in female rabbit hearts
    • WuL, Shryock JC, Song Y, Belardinelli L. An increase in late sodium current potentiates the proarrhythmic activities of low-risk QT-prolonging drugs in female rabbit hearts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:718-726.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.316 , pp. 718-726
    • Wu, L.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Song, Y.3    Belardinelli, L.4
  • 121
    • 59749100769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of late sodium current in modulating the proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic effects of quinidine
    • WuL, Guo D, Li H, Hackett J, Yan GX, Jiao Z et al. Role of late sodium current in modulating the proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic effects of quinidine. Heart Rhythm 2008; 5:1726-1734.
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm , vol.5 , pp. 1726-1734
    • Wul Guo, D.1    Li, H.2    Hackett, J.3    Yan, G.X.4    Jiao, Z.5
  • 122
    • 38849186675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Augmentation of late sodium current unmasks the proarrhythmic effects ofamiodarone
    • WuL, Rajamani S, Shryock JC, Li H, Ruskin J, Antzelevitch C et al. Augmentation of late sodium current unmasks the proarrhythmic effects ofamiodarone. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 77:481-488.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Res , vol.77 , pp. 481-488
    • Wu, L.1    Rajamani, S.2    Shryock, J.C.3    Li, H.4    Ruskin, J.5    Antzelevitch, C.6
  • 123
    • 0344492207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development
    • RedfernWS,Carlsson L, Davis AS, LynchWG,MacKenzie I, Palethorpe S et al. Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development. Cardiovasc Res 2003;58:32-45.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.58 , pp. 32-45
    • Redfern, W.S.1    Carlsson, L.2    Davis, A.S.3    Lynch, W.G.4    MacKenzie, I.5    Palethorpe, S.6
  • 124
    • 0037015231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced long-QT syndrome associated with a subclinical SCN5A mutation
    • Makita N, Horie M, Nakamura T, Ai T, Sasaki K, Yokoi H et al. Drug-induced long-QT syndrome associated with a subclinical SCN5A mutation. Circulation 2002; 106:1269-1274.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1269-1274
    • Makita, N.1    Horie, M.2    Nakamura, T.3    Ai, T.4    Sasaki, K.5    Yokoi, H.6
  • 126
    • 0035827719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Roles of sodium-calcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual b-adrenergic responsiveness
    • Pogwizd SM, Schlotthauer K, Li L, YuanW, Bers DM. Arrhythmogenesis and contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Roles of sodium-calcium exchange, inward rectifier potassium current, and residual b-adrenergic responsiveness. Circ Res 2001;88:1159-1167.
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88 , pp. 1159-1167
    • Pogwizd, S.M.1    Schlotthauer, K.2    Li, L.3    Yuan, W.4    Bers, D.M.5
  • 127
    • 26444522189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca2+-dependent reduction of IK1 in rat ventricular cells: A novel paradigm for arrhythmia in heart failure?
    • Fauconnier J, Lacampagne A, Rauzier J-M, Vassort G, Richard S.Ca2+-dependent reduction of IK1 in rat ventricular cells: a novel paradigm for arrhythmia in heart failure? Cardiovasc Res 2005;68:204-212.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Res , vol.68 , pp. 204-212
    • Fauconnier, J.1    Lacampagne, A.2    Rauzier, J.-M.3    Vassort, G.4    Richard, S.5
  • 128
    • 0027058659 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release leads to heterogeneity of contractile and electrical properties of the heart
    • Lakatta EG, Talo A, Capogrossi MC, Spurgeon HA, Stern MD. Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release leads to heterogeneity of contractile and electrical properties of the heart. Basic Res Cardiol 1992;87(Suppl. 2):93-104.
    • (1992) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.87 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 93-104
    • Lakatta, E.G.1    Talo, A.2    Capogrossi, M.C.3    Spurgeon, H.A.4    Stern, M.D.5
  • 129
    • 0036278524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulated Na/Ca exchange is involved in both contractile dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis in heart failure
    • BersDM,Pogwizd SM, Schlotthauer K. Upregulated Na/Ca exchange is involved in both contractile dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2002; 97(Suppl. 1):36-42.
    • (2002) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.97 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 36-42
    • Bers, D.M.1    Pogwizd, S.M.2    Schlotthauer, K.3
  • 130
    • 0141752833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated sarcoplasmic reticulumCa2+leak in intact ventricular myocytes from rabbits in heart failure
    • Shannon TR, Pogwizd SM, BersDM.Elevated sarcoplasmic reticulumCa2+leak in intact ventricular myocytes from rabbits in heart failure. Circ Res 2003;93:592-594.
    • (2003) Circ Res , vol.93 , pp. 592-594
    • Shannon, T.R.1    Pogwizd, S.M.2    Bers, D.M.3
  • 133
    • 80053574096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiomyocytes obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells with long-QT syndrome 3 recapitulate typical disease-specific features in vitro
    • Malan D, Friedrichs S, Fleischmann BK, Sasse P.Cardiomyocytes obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells with long-QT syndrome 3 recapitulate typical disease-specific features in vitro. Circ Res 2011;109:841-847.
    • (2011) Circ Res , vol.109 , pp. 841-847
    • Malan, D.1    Friedrichs, S.2    Fleischmann, B.K.3    Sasse, P.4
  • 134
    • 54549125837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger suppresses torsades de pointes in an intact heart model of long QT syndrome-2 and long QT syndrome-3
    • Milberg P, Pott C, Fink M, Frommeyer G, Matsuda T, Baba A et al. Inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger suppresses torsades de pointes in an intact heart model of long QT syndrome-2 and long QT syndrome-3. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:1444-1452.
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm , vol.5 , pp. 1444-1452
    • Milberg, P.1    Pott, C.2    Fink, M.3    Frommeyer, G.4    Matsuda, T.5    Baba, A.6
  • 135
    • 0034077362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in the understanding of cardiac early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes: time to revise current concepts
    • Volders PGA, Vos MA, Szabo B, Sipido KR, de Groot SHM, Gorgels APM et al. Progress in the understanding of cardiac early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes: time to revise current concepts. Cardiovasc Res 2000;46:376-392.
    • (2000) Cardiovasc Res , vol.46 , pp. 376-392
    • Volders, P.G.A.1    Vos, M.A.2    Szabo, B.3    Sipido, K.R.4    De Groot, S.H.M.5    Gorgels, A.P.M.6
  • 136
    • 0036707486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic Ca2+ triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes in rabbit hearts with type 2 long QT syndrome
    • Choi BR, Burton F, Salama G. Cytosolic Ca2+ triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes in rabbit hearts with type 2 long QT syndrome. J Physiol 2002; 543:615-631.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.543 , pp. 615-631
    • Choi, B.R.1    Burton, F.2    Salama, G.3
  • 137
    • 34249732449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrhythmogenic consequences of Na+ channel mutations in the transmurally heterogeneous mammalian left ventricle: Analysis of the I1768 v SCN5A mutation
    • Flaim SN, Giles WR, McCulloch AD. Arrhythmogenic consequences of Na+ channel mutations in the transmurally heterogeneous mammalian left ventricle: analysis of the I1768 V SCN5A mutation. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:768-778.
    • (2007) Heart Rhythm , vol.4 , pp. 768-778
    • Flaim, S.N.1    Giles, W.R.2    McCulloch, A.D.3
  • 138
    • 79953791303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genesis of phase 3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in acquired long-QT syndrome
    • Maruyama M, Lin S-F, XieY, Chua S-K, Joung B,HanS et al. Genesis of phase 3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in acquired long-QT syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:103-111.
    • (2011) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.4 , pp. 103-111
    • Maruyama, M.1    Lin, S.-F.2    Xie, Y.3    Chua, S.-K.4    Joung, B.5    Han, S.6
  • 140
    • 0344688172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing predictors of drug-induced torsade de pointes
    • Belardinelli L, Antzelevitch C, VosMA. Assessing predictors of drug-induced torsade de pointes. TIPS 2003;24:619-625.
    • (2003) TIPS , vol.24 , pp. 619-625
    • Belardinelli, L.1    Antzelevitch, C.2    Vos, M.A.3
  • 141
    • 23844445611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms of torsade de pointes
    • Poelzing S, Rosenbaum DS. Cellular mechanisms of torsade de pointes. Novartis Found Symp 2005;266:204-217.
    • (2005) Novartis Found Symp , vol.266 , pp. 204-217
    • Poelzing, S.1    Rosenbaum, D.S.2
  • 143
    • 0015622510 scopus 로고
    • A cellular mechanism for the generation of ventricular arrhythmias by acetylstrophanthidin
    • Ferrier GR, Saunders JH, Mendez C. A cellular mechanism for the generation of ventricular arrhythmias by acetylstrophanthidin. Circ Res 1973;32:600-609.
    • (1973) Circ Res , vol.32 , pp. 600-609
    • Ferrier, G.R.1    Saunders, J.H.2    Mendez, C.3
  • 144
    • 0018198761 scopus 로고
    • Role of calcium ions in transient inward currents and aftercontractions induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres
    • Kass RS, Lederer WJ, Tsien RW,Weingart R. Role of calcium ions in transient inward currents and aftercontractions induced by strophanthidin in cardiac Purkinje fibres. J Physiol 1978;281:187-208.
    • (1978) J Physiol , vol.281 , pp. 187-208
    • Kass, R.S.1    Lederer, W.J.2    Tsien, R.W.3    Weingart, R.4
  • 145
    • 0020002224 scopus 로고
    • Voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle
    • Karagueuzian HR, Katzung BG. Voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle. J Physiol 1982;327: 255-271.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.327 , pp. 255-271
    • Karagueuzian, H.R.1    Katzung, B.G.2
  • 146
    • 0023587980 scopus 로고
    • The arrhythmogenic transient inward current iTi and related contraction in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes
    • Fedida D, Noble D, Rankin AC, Spindler AJ. The arrhythmogenic transient inward current iTi and related contraction in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 1987;392:523-542.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.392 , pp. 523-542
    • Fedida, D.1    Noble, D.2    Rankin, A.C.3    Spindler, A.J.4
  • 147
    • 0023227189 scopus 로고
    • Synchronous occurrence of spontaneous localized calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum generates action potentials in rat cardiac ventricular myocytes at normal resting membrane potential
    • Capogrossi MC, Houser SR, Bahinski A, Lakatta EG. Synchronous occurrence of spontaneous localized calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum generates action potentials in rat cardiac ventricular myocytes at normal resting membrane potential. Circ Res 1987;61:498-503.
    • (1987) Circ Res , vol.61 , pp. 498-503
    • Capogrossi, M.C.1    Houser, S.R.2    Bahinski, A.3    Lakatta, E.G.4
  • 148
    • 0034721607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release causes myocyte depolarization
    • Schlotthauer K, Bers DM. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release causes myocyte depolarization. Circ Res 2000;87:774-780.
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 774-780
    • Schlotthauer, K.1    Bers, D.M.2
  • 149
    • 0021227183 scopus 로고
    • The time course of action potential repolarization affects delayed afterdepolarization amplitude in atrial fibers of the canine coronary sinus
    • Henning B, Wit AL. The time course of action potential repolarization affects delayed afterdepolarization amplitude in atrial fibers of the canine coronary sinus. Circ Res 1984; 55:110-115.
    • (1984) Circ Res , vol.55 , pp. 110-115
    • Henning, B.1    Wit, A.L.2
  • 150
    • 34848918916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging increases pulmonary veins arrhythmogenesis and susceptibility to calcium regulatory agents
    • WangcharoenW, Chen YC, Chen YJ, Chen SY, Yeh HI, Lin CI et al. Aging increases pulmonary veins arrhythmogenesis and susceptibility to calcium regulatory agents. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:1338-1349.
    • (2007) Heart Rhythm , vol.4 , pp. 1338-1349
    • Wangcharoen, W.1    Chen, Y.C.2    Chen, Y.J.3    Chen, S.Y.4    Yeh, H.I.5    Lin, C.I.6
  • 151
    • 83655201302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure enhanced pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis and dysregulated sodium and calcium homeostasis with increased calcium sparks
    • Chang SL, ChenYC, YehYH, Lin YK,WuTJ, Lin CI et al.Heart failure enhanced pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis and dysregulated sodium and calcium homeostasis with increased calcium sparks. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:1378-1386.
    • (2011) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.22 , pp. 1378-1386
    • Chang, S.L.1    Chen, Y.C.2    Yeh, Y.H.3    Lin, Y.K.4    Wu, T.J.5    Lin, C.I.6
  • 152
    • 84862246185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological characteristics of canine superior vena cava sleeve preparations: Effect of ranolazine
    • Sicouri S, Blazek J, Belardinelli L, Antzelevitch C. Electrophysiological characteristics of canine superior vena cava sleeve preparations: effect of ranolazine. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012;5:371-379.
    • (2012) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.5 , pp. 371-379
    • Sicouri, S.1    Blazek, J.2    Belardinelli, L.3    Antzelevitch, C.4
  • 153
    • 79954608605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed afterdepolarization in intact canine sinoatrial node as a novel mechanism for atrial arrhythmia
    • Joung B, Zhang H, Shinohara T, Maruyama M, Han S, KimDet al. Delayed afterdepolarization in intact canine sinoatrial node as a novel mechanism for atrial arrhythmia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:448-454.
    • (2011) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.22 , pp. 448-454
    • Joung, B.1    Zhang, H.2    Shinohara, T.3    Maruyama, M.4    Han, S.5    Kim, D.6
  • 154
    • 16244421990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanism of calcium-mediated triggered activity in the heart
    • Katra RP, Laurita KR. Cellular mechanism of calcium-mediated triggered activity in the heart. Circ Res 2005;96:535-542.
    • (2005) Circ Res , vol.96 , pp. 535-542
    • Katra, R.P.1    Laurita, K.R.2
  • 155
    • 0022397301 scopus 로고
    • Frequency, amplitude, and propagation velocity of spontaneous Ca++-dependent contractile waves in intact adult rat cardiac muscle and isolated myocytes
    • Kort AA, Capogrossi MC, Lakatta EG. Frequency, amplitude, and propagation velocity of spontaneous Ca++-dependent contractile waves in intact adult rat cardiac muscle and isolated myocytes. Circ Res 1985;57:844-855.
    • (1985) Circ Res , vol.57 , pp. 844-855
    • Kort, A.A.1    Capogrossi, M.C.2    Lakatta, E.G.3
  • 156
    • 0033843421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulumCacontent sarcolemmal Cainflux and the genesis of arrhythmias in isolated guinea-pig cardiomyocytes
    • Tweedie D, Harding SE, MacLeodKT. Sarcoplasmic reticulumCacontent, sarcolemmal Cainflux and the genesis of arrhythmias in isolated guinea-pig cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2000;32:261-272.
    • (2000) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 261-272
    • Tweedie, D.1    Harding, S.E.2    MacLeod, K.T.3
  • 157
    • 54049155818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burst emergence of intracellular Ca2+ waves evokes arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger: Simultaneous confocal recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ in the heart
    • Fujiwara K, Tanaka H, Mani H, Nakagami T, Takamatsu T. Burst emergence of intracellular Ca2+ waves evokes arrhythmogenic oscillatory depolarization via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger: simultaneous confocal recording of membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ in the heart. Circ Res 2008;103:509-518.
    • (2008) Circ Res , vol.103 , pp. 509-518
    • Fujiwara, K.1    Tanaka, H.2    Mani, H.3    Nakagami, T.4    Takamatsu, T.5
  • 158
    • 0034026881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action potential and contractility changes in [Na+]i overloaded cardiac myocytes: A simulation study
    • Faber GM, Rudy Y. Action potential and contractility changes in [Na+]i overloaded cardiac myocytes: a simulation study. Biophys J 2000;78:2392-2404.
    • (2000) Biophys J , vol.78 , pp. 2392-2404
    • Faber, G.M.1    Rudy, Y.2
  • 159
    • 0020019863 scopus 로고
    • Cardioactive substances that prolong the open state of sodiumchannels
    • Honerjager P. Cardioactive substances that prolong the open state of sodiumchannels. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1982;92:1-74.
    • (1982) Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol , vol.92 , pp. 1-74
    • Honerjager, P.1
  • 160
    • 70350438424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranolazine antagonizes the effects of increased late sodium current on intracellular calcium cycling in rat isolated heart
    • Wasserstrom JA, Sharma R, O'Toole MJ, Zheng J, Kelly JE, Shryock J et al. Ranolazine antagonizes the effects of increased late sodium current on intracellular calcium cycling in rat isolated heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009;331:382-391.
    • (2009) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.331 , pp. 382-391
    • Wasserstrom, J.A.1    Sharma, R.2    O'Toole, M.J.3    Zheng, J.4    Kelly, J.E.5    Shryock, J.6
  • 161
    • 0020430894 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of delayed afterdepolarization caused by aconitine
    • Jurevichus JA, Rosenshtraukh LV. Mechanism of delayed afterdepolarization caused by aconitine. Adv Myocardiol 1982;3:159-176.
    • (1982) Adv Myocardiol , vol.3 , pp. 159-176
    • Jurevichus, J.A.1    Rosenshtraukh, L.V.2
  • 162
    • 0018834464 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tetrodotoxin, lidocaine, verapamil, and AHR-2666 on ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations in canine Purkinje fibers
    • Rosen MR, Danilo P. Effects of tetrodotoxin, lidocaine, verapamil, and AHR-2666 on ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations in canine Purkinje fibers. Circ Res 1980; 46:117-124.
    • (1980) Circ Res , vol.46 , pp. 117-124
    • Rosen, M.R.1    Danilo, P.2
  • 163
    • 0025062811 scopus 로고
    • Effects of mexiletine on delayed afterdepolarization and triggered activity
    • Uchida H, Ozawa E,Watanabe Y. Effects of mexiletine on delayed afterdepolarization and triggered activity. Heart Vessels 1990;5:140-145.
    • (1990) Heart Vessels , vol.5 , pp. 140-145
    • Uchida, H.1    Ozawa, E.2    Watanabe, Y.3
  • 164
    • 0023638972 scopus 로고
    • R56865 prevents electrical and mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in guinea-pig papillary muscle
    • Vollmer B, Meuter C, Janssen PAJ. R56865 prevents electrical and mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in guinea-pig papillary muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 1987;142:137-140.
    • (1987) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.142 , pp. 137-140
    • Vollmer, B.1    Meuter, C.2    Janssen, P.A.J.3
  • 166
    • 77957838101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A beta(iv)-spectrin/CaMKII signaling complex is essential for membrane excitability in mice
    • Hund TJ, Koval OM, Li J, Wright PJ, Qian L, Snyder JS et al. A beta(iv)-spectrin/CaMKII signaling complex is essential for membrane excitability in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3508-3519.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , pp. 3508-3519
    • Hund, T.J.1    Koval, O.M.2    Li, J.3    Wright, P.J.4    Qian, L.5    Snyder, J.S.6
  • 167
    • 74249092635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na+ channel regulation by Ca2+/calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes
    • Aiba T, Hesketh GG, Liu T, Carlisle R, Villa-Abrille MC, O'Rourke B et al. Na+ channel regulation by Ca2+/calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2010;85:454-463.
    • (2010) Cardiovasc Res , vol.85 , pp. 454-463
    • Aiba, T.1    Hesketh, G.G.2    Liu, T.3    Carlisle, R.4    Villa-Abrille, M.C.5    O'Rourke, B.6
  • 168
    • 84862001882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 gating by multiple phosphorylation sites
    • Ashpole NM, Herren AW, Ginsburg KS, Brogan JD, Johnson DE, Cummins TR et al. Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 gating by multiple phosphorylation sites. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19856-19869.
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , pp. 19856-19869
    • Ashpole, N.M.1    Herren, A.W.2    Ginsburg, K.S.3    Brogan, J.D.4    Johnson, D.E.5    Cummins, T.R.6
  • 169
    • 84867777430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CaMKII-based regulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel function in cardiac disease
    • Koval OM, Snyder JS, Wolf RM, Pavlovicz RE, Glynn P, Curran J et al. CaMKII-based regulation of voltage-gated Na+ channel function in cardiac disease. Circulation 2012; 126:2084-2094.
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.126 , pp. 2084-2094
    • Koval, O.M.1    Snyder, J.S.2    Wolf, R.M.3    Pavlovicz, R.E.4    Glynn, P.5    Curran, J.6
  • 170
    • 84861912045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CaMKIIdC slows [Ca]i decline in cardiac myocytes by promoting Ca sparks
    • Guo T, Zhang T, Ginsburg KS, Mishra S, Brown JH, Bers DM. CaMKIIdC slows [Ca]i decline in cardiac myocytes by promoting Ca sparks. Biophys J 2012;102:2461-2470.
    • (2012) Biophys J , vol.102 , pp. 2461-2470
    • Guo, T.1    Zhang, T.2    Ginsburg, K.S.3    Mishra, S.4    Brown, J.H.5    Bers, D.M.6
  • 171
    • 77953356086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous Ca waves in ventricular myocytes from failing hearts depend on Ca2+-calmodulindependent protein kinase II
    • Curran J, Brown KH, Santiago DJ, Pogwizd S, Bers DM, Shannon TR. Spontaneous Ca waves in ventricular myocytes from failing hearts depend on Ca2+-calmodulindependent protein kinase II. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010;49:25-32.
    • (2010) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 25-32
    • Curran, J.1    Brown, K.H.2    Santiago, D.J.3    Pogwizd, S.4    Bers, D.M.5    Shannon, T.R.6
  • 172
    • 0002969190 scopus 로고
    • On circulating excitations in heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation
    • Mines GR. On circulating excitations in heart muscles and their possible relation to tachycardia and fibrillation. Trans R Soc Can 1914;8:43-52.
    • (1914) Trans R Soc Can , vol.8 , pp. 43-52
    • Mines, G.R.1
  • 173
    • 0027320016 scopus 로고
    • Pinacidil-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in canine ventricular tissues. Does activation of ATP-regulated potassium current promote phase 2 reentry?
    • Di Diego JM, Antzelevitch C. Pinacidil-induced electrical heterogeneity and extrasystolic activity in canine ventricular tissues. Does activation of ATP-regulated potassium current promote phase 2 reentry? Circulation 1993;88:1177-1189.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1177-1189
    • Di Diego, J.M.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 174
    • 34250763837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity and cardiac arrhythmias: An overview
    • Antzelevitch C. Heterogeneity and cardiac arrhythmias: an overview. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:964-972.
    • (2007) Heart Rhythm , vol.4 , pp. 964-972
    • Antzelevitch, C.1
  • 175
    • 0032126053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QT interval dispersion as a predictor of arrhythmic events in congestive heart failure. Importance of aetiology
    • Galinier M, Vialette J-C, Fourcade J, Cabrol P, Dongay B, Massabuau P et al.QT interval dispersion as a predictor of arrhythmic events in congestive heart failure. Importance of aetiology. Eur Heart J 1998;19:1054-1062.
    • (1998) Eur Heart J , vol.19 , pp. 1054-1062
    • Galinier, M.1    Vialette, J.-C.2    Fourcade, J.3    Cabrol, P.4    Dongay, B.5    Massabuau, P.6
  • 176
    • 0035849589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular
    • Yan G-X,WuY, Liu T,Wang J, Marinchak RA, Kowey PR. Phase 2 early afterdepolarization as a trigger of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in acquired long-QT syndrome. Direct evidence from intracellular recordings in the intact left ventricular wall. Circulation 2001;103:2851-2856.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2851-2856
    • Yan, G.-X.1    Wu, Y.2    Liu, T.3    Wang, J.4    Marinchak, R.A.5    Kowey, P.R.6
  • 177
    • 77950228148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transseptal dispersion of repolarization and its role in the development of Torsades de Pointes arrhythmias
    • Sicouri S, Glass A, Ferreiro M, Antzelevitch C. Transseptal dispersion of repolarization and its role in the development of Torsades de Pointes arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010;21:441-447.
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.21 , pp. 441-447
    • Sicouri, S.1    Glass, A.2    Ferreiro, M.3    Antzelevitch, C.4
  • 178
    • 79959917032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional increase of extracellular potassium leads to electrical instability and reentry occurrence through the spatial heterogeneity of APD restitution
    • Sidorov VY, Uzelac I, Wikswo JP. Regional increase of extracellular potassium leads to electrical instability and reentry occurrence through the spatial heterogeneity of APD restitution. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011;301:H209-H220.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.301
    • Sidorov, V.Y.1    Uzelac, I.2    Wikswo, J.P.3
  • 179
    • 26844535363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion of cardiac action potential duration and the initiation of re-entry: A computational study
    • Clayton RH, Holden AV. Dispersion of cardiac action potential duration and the initiation of re-entry: a computational study. Biomed Eng Online 2005;4:11.
    • (2005) Biomed Eng Online , vol.4 , pp. 11
    • Clayton, R.H.1    Holden, A.V.2
  • 180
    • 61549085315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of transition from normal to reentrant electrical activity in a model of rabbit atrial tissue: Interaction of tissue heterogeneity and anisotropy
    • Aslanidi OV, Boyett MR, Dobrzynski H, Li J, Zhang H. Mechanisms of transition from normal to reentrant electrical activity in a model of rabbit atrial tissue: interaction of tissue heterogeneity and anisotropy. Biophys J 2009;96:798-817.
    • (2009) Biophys J , vol.96 , pp. 798-817
    • Aslanidi, O.V.1    Boyett, M.R.2    Dobrzynski, H.3    Li, J.4    Zhang, H.5
  • 181
    • 23044432738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of ventricular extrasystole by mexiletine in patients with normal QT intervals is associated with a reduction of transmural dispersion of repolarization
    • Yamauchi M,Watanabe E, Yasui K, Takeuchi H, Terasawa T, Sawada K et al. Prevention of ventricular extrasystole by mexiletine in patients with normal QT intervals is associated with a reduction of transmural dispersion of repolarization. Int J Cardiol 2005; 103:92-97.
    • (2005) Int J Cardiol , vol.103 , pp. 92-97
    • Yamauchi, M.1    Watanabe, E.2    Yasui, K.3    Takeuchi, H.4    Terasawa, T.5    Sawada, K.6
  • 182
    • 0033596974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and ionic basis for t-wave alternans under long-QT conditions
    • ShimizuW, Antzelevitch C. Cellular and ionic basis for t-wave alternans under long-QT conditions. Circulation 1999;99:1499-1507.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 1499-1507
    • Shimizu, W.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 183
    • 1842531830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial dispersion of repolarization is a key factor in the arrhythmogenicity of long QT syndrome
    • Restivo M, Caref EB, Kozhevnikov DO, El-Sherif N. Spatial dispersion of repolarization is a key factor in the arrhythmogenicity of long QT syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2004;15:323-331.
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.15 , pp. 323-331
    • Restivo, M.1    Caref, E.B.2    Kozhevnikov, D.O.3    El-Sherif, N.4
  • 184
    • 11444263995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmural dispersion of repolarization as a key factor of arrhythmogenicity in a novel intact heart model of LQT3
    • Milberg P, Reinsch N,Wasmer K, Monnig G, Strypmann J, Osada N et al. Transmural dispersion of repolarization as a key factor of arrhythmogenicity in a novel intact heart model of LQT3. Cardiovasc Res 2005;65:397-404.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Res , vol.65 , pp. 397-404
    • Milberg, P.1    Reinsch, N.2    Wasmer, K.3    Monnig, G.4    Strypmann, J.5    Osada, N.6
  • 185
    • 0344863069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis for theECGfeatures of the LQT1 form of the long-QT syndrome: effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists and sodium channel blockerson transmural dispersion of repolarization and torsade de pointes
    • ShimizuW, Antzelevitch C. Cellular basis for theECGfeatures of the LQT1 form of the long-QT syndrome: effects of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists and sodium channel blockerson transmural dispersion of repolarization and torsade de pointes. Circulation 1998;98:2314-2322.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 2314-2322
    • Shimizu, W.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 186
    • 79953234505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifibrillatory effect of ranolazine during severe coronary stenosis in the intact porcine model
    • NieminenT,NanbuDY, Datti IP, VazGR, TavaresCAM,Pegler JRM et al. Antifibrillatory effect of ranolazine during severe coronary stenosis in the intact porcine model. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:608-614.
    • (2011) Heart Rhythm , vol.8 , pp. 608-614
    • Nieminen, T.1    Nanbu, D.Y.2    Datti, I.P.3    Vaz, G.R.4    Tavares, C.A.M.5    Pegler, J.R.M.6
  • 188
    • 0034800266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt rate accelerations or premature beats cause life-threatening arrhythmias in mice with long-QT3 syndrome
    • NuyensD, Stengl M, Dugarmaa S, RossenbackerT, CompernolleV, RudyYet al. Abrupt rate accelerations or premature beats cause life-threatening arrhythmias in mice with long-QT3 syndrome. Nat Med 2001;7:1021-1027.
    • (2001) Nat Med , vol.7 , pp. 1021-1027
    • Nuyens, D.1    Stengl, M.2    Dugarmaa, S.3    Rossenbacker, T.4    Compernolle, V.5    Rudy, Y.6
  • 189
    • 0037377248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pacing and mexiletine on dispersion of repolarisation and arrhythmias in deltaKPQ SCN5A (long QT3) mice
    • Fabritz L, Kirchhof P, Franz MR, Nuyens D, Rossenbacker T, Ottenhof A et al. Effect of pacing and mexiletine on dispersion of repolarisation and arrhythmias in deltaKPQ SCN5A (long QT3) mice. Cardiovasc Res 2003;57:1085-1093.
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 1085-1093
    • Fabritz, L.1    Kirchhof, P.2    Franz, M.R.3    Nuyens, D.4    Rossenbacker, T.5    Ottenhof, A.6
  • 190
    • 33751337747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered Na+ channels promote pause-induced spontaneous diastolic activity in long QT syndrome type 3 myocytes
    • Fredj S, Lindegger N, Sampson KJ, Carmeliet P, Kass RS. Altered Na+ channels promote pause-induced spontaneous diastolic activity in long QT syndrome type 3 myocytes. Circ Res 2006;99:1225-1232.
    • (2006) Circ Res , vol.99 , pp. 1225-1232
    • Fredj, S.1    Lindegger, N.2    Sampson, K.J.3    Carmeliet, P.4    Kass, R.S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.