메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1991-2002

Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in glioblastoma: Novel therapeutic agents and advances in understanding

Author keywords

AKT; Glioblastoma; mTOR; PI3K; Targeted therapy

Indexed keywords

1 (1 CYANO 1 METHYLETHYL) 3 METHYL 8 (3 QUINOLINYL)IMIDAZO[4,5 C]QUINOLIN 2(1H,3H) ONE; 2 (4 HYDROXYPHENYL) 4 MORPHOLINOPYRIDO[3',2':4,5]FURO[3,2 D]PYRIMIDINE; 4 DIALLYLAMINOMETHYLENE 1,3,4,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 DODECAHYDRO 6 HYDROXY 1 METHOXYMETHYL 10,13 DIMETHYL 3,7,17 TRIOXO 2 OXACYCLOPENTA[A]PHENANTHREN 11 YL ACETATE; APITOLISIB; BUPARLISIB; CH 5132799; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR KINASE INHIBITOR; EVEROLIMUS; GEFITINIB; GNE 317; GSK 2126458; KU 0064794; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR; PERIFOSINE; PF 04691502; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE INHIBITOR; PKI 179; PKI 587; PROTEIN KINASE B INHIBITOR; PWT 33597; RAPAMYCIN; RIDAFOROLIMUS; TEMOZOLOMIDE; TEMSIROLIMUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; WAY 600; WJD 008; WYE 687; XL 765; [1 (4 OXO 8 PHENYL 4H 1 BENZOPYRAN 2 YL)MORPHOLINIO]METHOXYSUCCINYLARGINYLGLYCYLASPARTYLSERINE ACETATE;

EID: 84881479778     PISSN: 10104283     EISSN: 14230380     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0800-5     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (116)

References (124)
  • 1
    • 80052713548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic profile of astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas
    • 21442241 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpvVOnt7k%3D 10.1007/s10014-011-0029-1
    • Ohgaki H, Kleihues P. Genetic profile of astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol. 2011;28:177-83.
    • (2011) Brain Tumor Pathol , vol.28 , pp. 177-183
    • Ohgaki, H.1    Kleihues, P.2
  • 2
    • 30444455577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN negatively regulates neural stem cell self-renewal by modulating G0-G1 cell cycle entry
    • 16373498 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xms12isg%3D%3D 10.1073/pnas.0509939103
    • Groszer M, Erickson R, Scripture-Adams DD, Dougherty JD, Le Belle J, Zack JA, et al. PTEN negatively regulates neural stem cell self-renewal by modulating G0-G1 cell cycle entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:111-6.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 111-116
    • Groszer, M.1    Erickson, R.2    Scripture-Adams, D.D.3    Dougherty, J.D.4    Le Belle, J.5    Zack, J.A.6
  • 3
    • 54549095950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation
    • 18948956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1yju7rE 10.1038/nature07443
    • Zheng H, Ying H, Yan H, Kimmelman AC, Hiller DJ, Chen A-J, et al. p53 and Pten control neural and glioma stem/progenitor cell renewal and differentiation. Nature. 2008;455:1129-33.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.455 , pp. 1129-1133
    • Zheng, H.1    Ying, H.2    Yan, H.3    Kimmelman, A.C.4    Hiller, D.J.5    Chen, A.-J.6
  • 4
    • 65649142176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of mutant p53 proteins implicates a lineage relationship between neural stem cells and malignant astrocytic glioma in a murine model
    • 19477430 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntlegtbs%3D 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.04.001
    • Wang Y, Yang J, Zheng H, Tomasek GJ, Zhang P, McKeever PE, et al. Expression of mutant p53 proteins implicates a lineage relationship between neural stem cells and malignant astrocytic glioma in a murine model. Cancer Cell. 2009;15:514-26.
    • (2009) Cancer Cell , vol.15 , pp. 514-526
    • Wang, Y.1    Yang, J.2    Zheng, H.3    Tomasek, G.J.4    Zhang, P.5    McKeever, P.E.6
  • 5
    • 21044431575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of CCI-779 in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
    • 16012795 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVymtLY%3D 10.1007/s10637-005-1444-0
    • Chang SM, Wen P, Cloughesy T, Greenberg H, Schiff D, Conrad C, et al. Phase II study of CCI-779 in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Invest New Drugs. 2005;23:357-61.
    • (2005) Invest New Drugs , vol.23 , pp. 357-361
    • Chang, S.M.1    Wen, P.2    Cloughesy, T.3    Greenberg, H.4    Schiff, D.5    Conrad, C.6
  • 6
    • 23944453425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study
    • 15998902 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpslOrtLw%3D 10.1200/JCO.2005.23.622
    • Galanis E, Buckner JC, Maurer MJ, Kreisberg JI, Ballman K, Boni J, et al. Phase II trial of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:5294-304.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 5294-5304
    • Galanis, E.1    Buckner, J.C.2    Maurer, M.J.3    Kreisberg, J.I.4    Ballman, K.5    Boni, J.6
  • 7
    • 51349164790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mTORC1 leads to MAPK pathway activation through a PI3K-dependent feedback loop in human cancer
    • 18725988 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtV2isb3P
    • Carracedo A, Ma L, Teruya-Feldstein J, Rojo F, Salmena L, Alimonti A, et al. Inhibition of mTORC1 leads to MAPK pathway activation through a PI3K-dependent feedback loop in human cancer. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:3065-74.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 3065-3074
    • Carracedo, A.1    Ma, L.2    Teruya-Feldstein, J.3    Rojo, F.4    Salmena, L.5    Alimonti, A.6
  • 8
    • 70449457461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in regulation of glioblastoma multiforme growth and motility
    • 19724909 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1Wju7nP
    • Gulati N, Karsy M, Albert L, Murali R, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Involvement of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in regulation of glioblastoma multiforme growth and motility. Int J Oncol. 2009;35:731-40.
    • (2009) Int J Oncol , vol.35 , pp. 731-740
    • Gulati, N.1    Karsy, M.2    Albert, L.3    Murali, R.4    Jhanwar-Uniyal, M.5
  • 9
    • 74949106814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mTOR activates the MAPK pathway in glioblastoma multiforme
    • 19996130 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1Whu7bO
    • Albert L, Karsy M, Murali R, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Inhibition of mTOR activates the MAPK pathway in glioblastoma multiforme. CANCER GENOMICS PROTEOMICS. 2009;6:255-61.
    • (2009) Cancer Genomics Proteomics , vol.6 , pp. 255-261
    • Albert, L.1    Karsy, M.2    Murali, R.3    Jhanwar-Uniyal, M.4
  • 10
    • 78149479091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR signaling in glioblastoma: Lessons learned from bench to bedside
    • 20472883 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvFSlt7k%3D 10.1093/neuonc/noq052
    • Akhavan D, Cloughesy TF, Mischel PS. mTOR signaling in glioblastoma: lessons learned from bench to bedside. Neuro-Oncology. 2010;12:882-9.
    • (2010) Neuro-Oncology , vol.12 , pp. 882-889
    • Akhavan, D.1    Cloughesy, T.F.2    Mischel, P.S.3
  • 12
    • 84881478728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicaltrials.gov. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Cited 2013 Feb 14
    • Clinicaltrials.gov. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Cited 2013 Feb 14.
  • 13
    • 32044435126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathways
    • 16452501 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFens7w%3D 10.1101/gad.1363206
    • Levine AJ, Feng Z, Mak TW, You H, Jin S. Coordination and communication between the p53 and IGF-1-AKT-TOR signal transduction pathways. Genes Dev. 2006;20:267-75.
    • (2006) Genes Dev , vol.20 , pp. 267-275
    • Levine, A.J.1    Feng, Z.2    Mak, T.W.3    You, H.4    Jin, S.5
  • 14
    • 77952163120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 regulation of the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR pathways and the endosomal compartment
    • 20182617 10.1101/cshperspect.a001057 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsVWqsr4%3D
    • Feng Z. p53 regulation of the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR pathways and the endosomal compartment. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010;2:a001057.
    • (2010) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol , vol.2 , pp. 001057
    • Feng, Z.1
  • 15
    • 0036632368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer
    • 12094235 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvFKltLs%3D 10.1038/nrc839
    • Vivanco I, Sawyers CL. The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:489-501.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.2 , pp. 489-501
    • Vivanco, I.1    Sawyers, C.L.2
  • 16
    • 4043171462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upstream and downstream of mTOR
    • 15314020 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvFKqsLk%3D 10.1101/gad.1212704
    • Hay N, Sonenberg N. Upstream and downstream of mTOR. Genes Dev. 2004;18:1926-45.
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 1926-1945
    • Hay, N.1    Sonenberg, N.2
  • 17
    • 54549108740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network 10.1038/nature07385 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1yju77J
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways. Nature. 2008;455:1061-8.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.455 , pp. 1061-1068
  • 18
    • 52949127312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme
    • 18772396 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFCrtLrE 10.1126/science.1164382
    • Parsons DW, Jones S, Zhang X, Lin JC-H, Leary RJ, Angenendt P, et al. An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme. Science. 2008;321:1807-12.
    • (2008) Science , vol.321 , pp. 1807-1812
    • Parsons, D.W.1    Jones, S.2    Zhang, X.3    Lin, J.-H.4    Leary, R.J.5    Angenendt, P.6
  • 19
    • 11144358645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers
    • 15016963 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsVGmsbk%3D 10.1126/science.1096502
    • Samuels Y, Wang Z, Bardelli A, Silliman N, Ptak J, Szabo S, et al. High frequency of mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers. Science. 2004;304:554.
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 554
    • Samuels, Y.1    Wang, Z.2    Bardelli, A.3    Silliman, N.4    Ptak, J.5    Szabo, S.6
  • 20
    • 0035256772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gliomagenesis: Genetic alterations and mouse models
    • 11253051 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisVGjtbY%3D 10.1038/35052535
    • Holland EC. Gliomagenesis: genetic alterations and mouse models. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2:120-9.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Genet , vol.2 , pp. 120-129
    • Holland, E.C.1
  • 21
    • 51849130466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN signaling in brain: Neuropathology and tumorigenesis
    • 18794877 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFWiur3N 10.1038/onc.2008.239
    • Endersby R, Baker SJ. PTEN signaling in brain: neuropathology and tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2008;27:5416-30.
    • (2008) Oncogene , vol.27 , pp. 5416-5430
    • Endersby, R.1    Baker, S.J.2
  • 22
    • 15244344356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A portrait of AKT kinases: Human cancer and animal models depict a family with strong individualities
    • 15034304 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmt1Cmsbo%3D 10.4161/cbt.3.3.703
    • Bellacosa A, Testa JR, Moore R, Larue L. A portrait of AKT kinases: human cancer and animal models depict a family with strong individualities. Cancer Biol Ther. 2004;3:268-75.
    • (2004) Cancer Biol Ther , vol.3 , pp. 268-275
    • Bellacosa, A.1    Testa, J.R.2    Moore, R.3    Larue, L.4
  • 23
    • 0037312507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tor signalling in bugs, brain and brawn
    • 12563289 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsFaqug%3D%3D 10.1038/nrm1018
    • Jacinto E, Hall MN. Tor signalling in bugs, brain and brawn. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003;4:117-26.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.4 , pp. 117-126
    • Jacinto, E.1    Hall, M.N.2
  • 24
    • 33747819801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR and cancer: Insights into a complex relationship
    • 16915295 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XosVOmsb8%3D 10.1038/nrc1974
    • Sabatini DM. mTOR and cancer: insights into a complex relationship. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6:729-34.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.6 , pp. 729-734
    • Sabatini, D.M.1
  • 26
    • 33750325725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S6K1- and betaTRCP-mediated degradation of PDCD4 promotes protein translation and cell growth
    • 17053147 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVyqtr3J 10.1126/science.1130276
    • Dorrello NV, Peschiaroli A, Guardavaccaro D, Colburn NH, Sherman NE, Pagano M. S6K1- and betaTRCP-mediated degradation of PDCD4 promotes protein translation and cell growth. Science. 2006;314:467-71.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 467-471
    • Dorrello, N.V.1    Peschiaroli, A.2    Guardavaccaro, D.3    Colburn, N.H.4    Sherman, N.E.5    Pagano, M.6
  • 27
    • 33749076673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SIN1/MIP1 maintains rictor-mTOR complex integrity and regulates Akt phosphorylation and substrate specificity
    • 16962653 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFSitr%2FE 10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.033
    • Jacinto E, Facchinetti V, Liu D, Soto N, Wei S, Jung SY, et al. SIN1/MIP1 maintains rictor-mTOR complex integrity and regulates Akt phosphorylation and substrate specificity. Cell. 2006;127:125-37.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.127 , pp. 125-137
    • Jacinto, E.1    Facchinetti, V.2    Liu, D.3    Soto, N.4    Wei, S.5    Jung, S.Y.6
  • 28
    • 0035202090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of S6 phosphorylation and S6 kinase in cell growth
    • 11008486 10.1016/S0079-6603(00)65003-1
    • Volarević S, Thomas G. Role of S6 phosphorylation and S6 kinase in cell growth. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 2001;65:101-27.
    • (2001) Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol , vol.65 , pp. 101-127
    • Volarević, S.1    Thomas, G.2
  • 29
    • 0032054816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mRNA 5′ cap-binding protein eIF4E and control of cell growth
    • 9561852 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXisFyntb8%3D 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80150-6
    • Sonenberg N, Gingras AC. The mRNA 5′ cap-binding protein eIF4E and control of cell growth. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1998;10:268-75.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.10 , pp. 268-275
    • Sonenberg, N.1    Gingras, A.C.2
  • 30
    • 2342489456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EIF-4E expression and its role in malignancies and metastases
    • 15094768 10.1038/sj.onc.1207545 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFOmsbo%3D
    • De Benedetti A, Graff JR. eIF-4E expression and its role in malignancies and metastases. Oncogene. 2004;23:3189-99.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 3189-3199
    • De Benedetti, A.1    Graff, J.R.2
  • 31
    • 70350418625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR signaling at a glance
    • 19812304 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVKitrvP 10.1242/jcs.051011
    • Laplante M, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling at a glance. J Cell Sci. 2009;122:3589-94.
    • (2009) J Cell Sci , vol.122 , pp. 3589-3594
    • Laplante, M.1    Sabatini, D.M.2
  • 32
    • 36049043184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rheb activates mTOR by antagonizing its endogenous inhibitor, FKBP38
    • 17991864 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1KhsLzJ 10.1126/science.1147379
    • Bai X, Ma D, Liu A, Shen X, Wang QJ, Liu Y, et al. Rheb activates mTOR by antagonizing its endogenous inhibitor, FKBP38. Science. 2007;318:977-80.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 977-980
    • Bai, X.1    Ma, D.2    Liu, A.3    Shen, X.4    Wang, Q.J.5    Liu, Y.6
  • 33
    • 34347220473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the role of mTOR in cancer
    • 17613433 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXotVyqsr0%3D 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.05.008
    • Guertin DA, Sabatini DM. Defining the role of mTOR in cancer. Cancer Cell. 2007;12:9-22.
    • (2007) Cancer Cell , vol.12 , pp. 9-22
    • Guertin, D.A.1    Sabatini, D.M.2
  • 34
    • 45849105156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rag GTPases bind raptor and mediate amino acid signaling to mTORC1
    • 18497260 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntVWqsr4%3D 10.1126/science.1157535
    • Sancak Y, Peterson TR, Shaul YD, Lindquist RA, Thoreen CC, Bar-Peled L, et al. The Rag GTPases bind raptor and mediate amino acid signaling to mTORC1. Science. 2008;320:1496-501.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1496-1501
    • Sancak, Y.1    Peterson, T.R.2    Shaul, Y.D.3    Lindquist, R.A.4    Thoreen, C.C.5    Bar-Peled, L.6
  • 35
    • 33750044112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and mTORture signaling
    • 17041623 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOlsrrI 10.1038/sj.onc.1209889
    • Reiling JH, Sabatini DM. Stress and mTORture signaling. Oncogene. 2006;25:6373-83.
    • (2006) Oncogene , vol.25 , pp. 6373-6383
    • Reiling, J.H.1    Sabatini, D.M.2
  • 36
    • 4544343980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate activation of the TSC/Rheb/mTOR/S6K cassette induces IRS1/2 depletion, insulin resistance, and cell survival deficiencies
    • 15380067 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnvFansb8%3D 10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.026
    • Shah OJ, Wang Z, Hunter T. Inappropriate activation of the TSC/Rheb/mTOR/S6K cassette induces IRS1/2 depletion, insulin resistance, and cell survival deficiencies. Curr Biol. 2004;14:1650-6.
    • (2004) Curr Biol , vol.14 , pp. 1650-1656
    • Shah, O.J.1    Wang, Z.2    Hunter, T.3
  • 37
    • 34248194200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of AMPK beta1, TSC2, and PTEN expression by p53: Stress, cell and tissue specificity, and the role of these gene products in modulating the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathways
    • 17409411 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksVGltbc%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4149
    • Feng Z, Hu W, de Stanchina E, Teresky AK, Jin S, Lowe S, et al. The regulation of AMPK beta1, TSC2, and PTEN expression by p53: stress, cell and tissue specificity, and the role of these gene products in modulating the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathways. Cancer Res. 2007;67:3043-53.
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 3043-3053
    • Feng, Z.1    Hu, W.2    De Stanchina, E.3    Teresky, A.K.4    Jin, S.5    Lowe, S.6
  • 38
    • 7444233154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PP2A-associated protein alpha4 is an essential inhibitor of apoptosis
    • 15499020 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1KqtLw%3D 10.1126/science.1100537
    • Kong M, Fox CJ, Mu J, Solt L, Xu A, Cinalli RM, et al. The PP2A-associated protein alpha4 is an essential inhibitor of apoptosis. Science. 2004;306:695-8.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 695-698
    • Kong, M.1    Fox, C.J.2    Mu, J.3    Solt, L.4    Xu, A.5    Cinalli, R.M.6
  • 39
    • 3042818799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the TSC pathway by LKB1: Evidence of a molecular link between tuberous sclerosis complex and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
    • 15231735 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlslWnurY%3D 10.1101/gad.1199104
    • Corradetti MN, Inoki K, Bardeesy N, DePinho RA, Guan K-L. Regulation of the TSC pathway by LKB1: evidence of a molecular link between tuberous sclerosis complex and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Genes Dev. 2004;18:1533-8.
    • (2004) Genes Dev , vol.18 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Corradetti, M.N.1    Inoki, K.2    Bardeesy, N.3    DePinho, R.A.4    Guan, K.-L.5
  • 40
    • 33751348056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation in mice of the mTORC components raptor, rictor, or mLST8 reveals that mTORC2 is required for signaling to Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha, but not S6K1
    • 17141160 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlWqs7vJ 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.10.007
    • Guertin DA, Stevens DM, Thoreen CC, Burds AA, Kalaany NY, Moffat J, et al. Ablation in mice of the mTORC components raptor, rictor, or mLST8 reveals that mTORC2 is required for signaling to Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha, but not S6K1. Dev Cell. 2006;11:859-71.
    • (2006) Dev Cell , vol.11 , pp. 859-871
    • Guertin, D.A.1    Stevens, D.M.2    Thoreen, C.C.3    Burds, A.A.4    Kalaany, N.Y.5    Moffat, J.6
  • 41
  • 42
    • 0034854091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of PTEN transcription by p53
    • 11545734 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFWgsbY%3D 10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00323-9
    • Stambolic V, MacPherson D, Sas D, Lin Y, Snow B, Jang Y, et al. Regulation of PTEN transcription by p53. Molecular Cell. 2001;8:317-25.
    • (2001) Molecular Cell , vol.8 , pp. 317-325
    • Stambolic, V.1    MacPherson, D.2    Sas, D.3    Lin, Y.4    Snow, B.5    Jang, Y.6
  • 43
    • 48449101433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P53 target genes sestrin1 and sestrin2 connect genotoxic stress and mTOR signaling
    • 18692468 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVSis7%2FN 10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.028
    • Budanov AV, Karin M. p53 target genes sestrin1 and sestrin2 connect genotoxic stress and mTOR signaling. Cell. 2008;134:451-60.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.134 , pp. 451-460
    • Budanov, A.V.1    Karin, M.2
  • 45
    • 0031840405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN (MMAC1) mutations are frequent in primary glioblastomas (de novo) but not in secondary glioblastomas
    • 9690672 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlt1alsL0%3D 10.1097/00005072-199807000-00005
    • Tohma Y, Gratas C, Biernat W, Peraud A, Fukuda M, Yonekawa Y, et al. PTEN (MMAC1) mutations are frequent in primary glioblastomas (de novo) but not in secondary glioblastomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1998;57:684-9.
    • (1998) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 684-689
    • Tohma, Y.1    Gratas, C.2    Biernat, W.3    Peraud, A.4    Fukuda, M.5    Yonekawa, Y.6
  • 46
    • 0034886306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic and pathologic significance of quantitative protein expression profiling in human gliomas
    • 11489817 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsVOmtL4%3D
    • Chakravarti A, Delaney MA, Noll E, Black PM, Loeffler JS, Muzikansky A, et al. Prognostic and pathologic significance of quantitative protein expression profiling in human gliomas. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:2387-95.
    • (2001) Clin Cancer Res , vol.7 , pp. 2387-2395
    • Chakravarti, A.1    Delaney, M.A.2    Noll, E.3    Black, P.M.4    Loeffler, J.S.5    Muzikansky, A.6
  • 47
    • 0142061145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN methylation and expression in glioblastomas
    • 12904991 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvFalt78%3D 10.1007/s00401-003-0748-4
    • Baeza N, Weller M, Yonekawa Y, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. PTEN methylation and expression in glioblastomas. Acta Neuropathol. 2003;106:479-85.
    • (2003) Acta Neuropathol , vol.106 , pp. 479-485
    • Baeza, N.1    Weller, M.2    Yonekawa, Y.3    Kleihues, P.4    Ohgaki, H.5
  • 48
    • 34547432233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation of the PTEN promoter defines low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastoma
    • 17504928 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpt1agsLo%3D 10.1215/15228517-2007-003
    • Wiencke JK, Zheng S, Jelluma N, Tihan T, Vandenberg S, Tamgüney T, et al. Methylation of the PTEN promoter defines low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastoma. Neuro-Oncology. 2007;9:271-9.
    • (2007) Neuro-Oncology , vol.9 , pp. 271-279
    • Wiencke, J.K.1    Zheng, S.2    Jelluma, N.3    Tihan, T.4    Vandenberg, S.5    Tamgüney, T.6
  • 49
    • 84868661333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current progress on understanding microRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme
    • 22893786 10.1177/1947601912448068
    • Karsy M, Arslan E, Moy F. Current progress on understanding microRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme. Genes Cancer. 2012;3:3-15.
    • (2012) Genes Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 3-15
    • Karsy, M.1    Arslan, E.2    Moy, F.3
  • 50
    • 0035733762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of Pten in mouse brain causes seizures, ataxia and defects in soma size resembling Lhermitte-Duclos disease
    • 11726926 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFartrg%3D 10.1038/ng782
    • Backman SA, Stambolic V, Suzuki A, Haight J, Elia A, Pretorius J, et al. Deletion of Pten in mouse brain causes seizures, ataxia and defects in soma size resembling Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Nat Genet. 2001;29:396-403.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 396-403
    • Backman, S.A.1    Stambolic, V.2    Suzuki, A.3    Haight, J.4    Elia, A.5    Pretorius, J.6
  • 51
    • 0035824396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo
    • 11691952 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXptVOmt74%3D 10.1126/science.1065518
    • Groszer M, Erickson R, Scripture-Adams DD, Lesche R, Trumpp A, Zack JA, et al. Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo. Science. 2001;294:2186-9.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 2186-2189
    • Groszer, M.1    Erickson, R.2    Scripture-Adams, D.D.3    Lesche, R.4    Trumpp, A.5    Zack, J.A.6
  • 52
    • 0036637660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN is essential for cell migration but not for fate determination and tumourigenesis in the cerebellum
    • 12091320 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmtFarsb0%3D
    • Marino S, Krimpenfort P, Leung C, van der Korput HAGM, Trapman J, Camenisch I, et al. PTEN is essential for cell migration but not for fate determination and tumourigenesis in the cerebellum. Development. 2002;129:3513-22.
    • (2002) Development , vol.129 , pp. 3513-3522
    • Marino, S.1    Krimpenfort, P.2    Leung, C.3    Van Der Korput, H.4    Trapman, J.5    Camenisch, I.6
  • 53
    • 9144260199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of RNA interference libraries to investigate oncogenic signalling in mammalian cells
    • 15517019 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptFenur4%3D 10.1038/sj.onc.1208073
    • Downward J. Use of RNA interference libraries to investigate oncogenic signalling in mammalian cells. Oncogene. 2004;23:8376-83.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 8376-8383
    • Downward, J.1
  • 54
    • 78751558930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All-trans retinoic acid modulates cancer stem cells of glioblastoma multiforme in an MAPK-dependent manner
    • 21187470 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXivVOktrw%3D
    • Karsy M, Albert L, Tobias ME, Murali R, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. All-trans retinoic acid modulates cancer stem cells of glioblastoma multiforme in an MAPK-dependent manner. Anticancer Res. 2010;30:4915-20.
    • (2010) Anticancer Res , vol.30 , pp. 4915-4920
    • Karsy, M.1    Albert, L.2    Tobias, M.E.3    Murali, R.4    Jhanwar-Uniyal, M.5
  • 55
    • 3643119742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphoinositol phosphatase activity of PTEN mediates a serum-sensitive G1 growth arrest in glioma cells
    • 9823298 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFSmsbg%3D
    • Furnari FB, Huang HJ, Cavenee WK. The phosphoinositol phosphatase activity of PTEN mediates a serum-sensitive G1 growth arrest in glioma cells. Cancer Res. 1998;58:5002-8.
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 5002-5008
    • Furnari, F.B.1    Huang, H.J.2    Cavenee, W.K.3
  • 58
    • 0034866190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling with increased invasiveness and gelatinase activity in malignant gliomas
    • 11565871 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFOjurg%3D 10.3171/jns.2001.95.3.0480
    • Kubiatowski T, Jang T, Lachyankar MB, Salmonsen R, Nabi RR, Quesenberry PJ, et al. Association of increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling with increased invasiveness and gelatinase activity in malignant gliomas. J Neurosurg. 2001;95:480-8.
    • (2001) J Neurosurg , vol.95 , pp. 480-488
    • Kubiatowski, T.1    Jang, T.2    Lachyankar, M.B.3    Salmonsen, R.4    Nabi, R.R.5    Quesenberry, P.J.6
  • 59
    • 0035845860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene expression and invasion in human glioma cells by MMAC/PTEN
    • 11709701 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotFahsbk%3D 10.1038/sj.onc.1204799
    • Koul D, Parthasarathy R, Shen R, Davies MA, Jasser SA, Chintala SK, et al. Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene expression and invasion in human glioma cells by MMAC/PTEN. Oncogene. 2001;20:6669-78.
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 6669-6678
    • Koul, D.1    Parthasarathy, R.2    Shen, R.3    Davies, M.A.4    Jasser, S.A.5    Chintala, S.K.6
  • 60
    • 0016724057 scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing streptomycete and isolation of the active principle
    • 1102508 10.7164/antibiotics.28.721
    • Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN. Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing streptomycete and isolation of the active principle. J Antibiot. 1975;28:721-6.
    • (1975) J Antibiot. , vol.28 , pp. 721-726
    • Vézina, C.1    Kudelski, A.2    Sehgal, S.N.3
  • 61
    • 75049084471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase 2 trial of erlotinib plus sirolimus in adults with recurrent glioblastoma
    • 19562254 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpsVSjtA%3D%3D 10.1007/s11060-009-9950-0
    • Reardon DA, Desjardins A, Vredenburgh JJ, Gururangan S, Friedman AH, Herndon JE, et al. Phase 2 trial of erlotinib plus sirolimus in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2010;96:219-30.
    • (2010) J Neurooncol , vol.96 , pp. 219-230
    • Reardon, D.A.1    Desjardins, A.2    Vredenburgh, J.J.3    Gururangan, S.4    Friedman, A.H.5    Herndon, J.E.6
  • 62
    • 59349089499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of everolimus and gefitinib in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM)
    • 19018475 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVGjtLY%3D 10.1007/s11060-008-9741-z
    • Kreisl TN, Lassman AB, Mischel PS, Rosen N, Scher HI, Teruya-Feldstein J, et al. A pilot study of everolimus and gefitinib in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). J Neurooncol. 2009;92:99-105.
    • (2009) J Neurooncol , vol.92 , pp. 99-105
    • Kreisl, T.N.1    Lassman, A.B.2    Mischel, P.S.3    Rosen, N.4    Scher, H.I.5    Teruya-Feldstein, J.6
  • 63
    • 78049510428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis
    • 21047224 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtl2gsbbP 10.1056/NEJMoa1001671
    • Krueger DA, Care MM, Holland K, Agricola K, Tudor C, Mangeshkar P, et al. Everolimus for subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas in tuberous sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1801-11.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1801-1811
    • Krueger, D.A.1    Care, M.M.2    Holland, K.3    Agricola, K.4    Tudor, C.5    Mangeshkar, P.6
  • 64
    • 84859790518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ridaforolimus for patients with progressive or recurrent malignant glioma: A perisurgical, sequential, ascending-dose trial
    • 22037923 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XkvVCku7g%3D 10.1007/s00280-011-1773-y
    • Reardon DA, Wen PY, Alfred Yung WK, Berk L, Narasimhan N, Turner CD, et al. Ridaforolimus for patients with progressive or recurrent malignant glioma: a perisurgical, sequential, ascending-dose trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012;69:849-60.
    • (2012) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. , vol.69 , pp. 849-860
    • Reardon, D.A.1    Wen, P.Y.2    Alfred Yung, W.K.3    Berk, L.4    Narasimhan, N.5    Turner, C.D.6
  • 65
    • 33646023695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged rapamycin treatment inhibits mTORC2 assembly and Akt/PKB
    • 16603397 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xkt1GmtLo%3D 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.03.029
    • Sarbassov DD, Ali SM, Sengupta S, Sheen J-H, Hsu PP, Bagley AF, et al. Prolonged rapamycin treatment inhibits mTORC2 assembly and Akt/PKB. Molecular Cell. 2006;22:159-68.
    • (2006) Molecular Cell , vol.22 , pp. 159-168
    • Sarbassov, D.D.1    Ali, S.M.2    Sengupta, S.3    Sheen, J.-H.4    Hsu, P.P.5    Bagley, A.F.6
  • 66
    • 33746637660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current development of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents
    • 16883305 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsFCkurk%3D 10.1038/nrd2062
    • Faivre S, Kroemer G, Raymond E. Current development of mTOR inhibitors as anticancer agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5:671-88.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.5 , pp. 671-688
    • Faivre, S.1    Kroemer, G.2    Raymond, E.3
  • 67
    • 3342958797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TSC1-2 tumor suppressor controls insulin-PI3K signaling via regulation of IRS proteins
    • 15249583 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlvFKqsrw%3D 10.1083/jcb.200403069
    • Harrington LS, Findlay GM, Gray A, Tolkacheva T, Wigfield S, Rebholz H, et al. The TSC1-2 tumor suppressor controls insulin-PI3K signaling via regulation of IRS proteins. J Cell Biol. 2004;166:213-23.
    • (2004) J Cell Biol , vol.166 , pp. 213-223
    • Harrington, L.S.1    Findlay, G.M.2    Gray, A.3    Tolkacheva, T.4    Wigfield, S.5    Rebholz, H.6
  • 68
    • 18644377225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTOR promotes survival and astrocytic characteristics induced by Pten/AKT signaling in glioblastoma
    • 15967113 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFeqtLs%3D 10.1593/neo.04595
    • Hu X, Pandolfi PP, Li Y, Koutcher JA, Rosenblum M, Holland EC. mTOR promotes survival and astrocytic characteristics induced by Pten/AKT signaling in glioblastoma. Neoplasia. 2005;7:356-68.
    • (2005) Neoplasia , vol.7 , pp. 356-368
    • Hu, X.1    Pandolfi, P.P.2    Li, Y.3    Koutcher, J.A.4    Rosenblum, M.5    Holland, E.C.6
  • 69
    • 34547209343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance
    • 17126425 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosFyksbk%3D 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.10.001
    • McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Wong EWT, Chang F, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007;1773:1263-84.
    • (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1773 , pp. 1263-1284
    • McCubrey, J.A.1    Steelman, L.S.2    Chappell, W.H.3    Abrams, S.L.4    Wong, E.W.T.5    Chang, F.6
  • 70
    • 65549145048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor reveals rapamycin-resistant functions of mTORC1
    • 19150980 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjtVSmtLY%3D 10.1074/jbc.M900301200
    • Thoreen CC, Kang SA, Chang JW, Liu Q, Zhang J, Gao Y, et al. An ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor reveals rapamycin-resistant functions of mTORC1. J Biol Chem. 2009;284:8023-32.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 8023-8032
    • Thoreen, C.C.1    Kang, S.A.2    Chang, J.W.3    Liu, Q.4    Zhang, J.5    Gao, Y.6
  • 71
    • 38049187096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt by up-regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling in acute myeloid leukemia: Rationale for therapeutic inhibition of both pathways
    • 17878402 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtVKmtQ%3D%3D 10.1182/blood-2007-03-080796
    • Tamburini J, Chapuis N, Bardet V, Park S, Sujobert P, Willems L, et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt by up-regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling in acute myeloid leukemia: rationale for therapeutic inhibition of both pathways. Blood. 2008;111:379-82.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 379-382
    • Tamburini, J.1    Chapuis, N.2    Bardet, V.3    Park, S.4    Sujobert, P.5    Willems, L.6
  • 72
    • 77953215319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive glioblastoma cells acquire stemness and increased Akt activation
    • 20563248 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntFWjtb8%3D
    • Molina JR, Hayashi Y, Stephens C, Georgescu M-M. Invasive glioblastoma cells acquire stemness and increased Akt activation. Neoplasia. 2010;12:453-63.
    • (2010) Neoplasia , vol.12 , pp. 453-463
    • Molina, J.R.1    Hayashi, Y.2    Stephens, C.3    Georgescu, M.-M.4
  • 73
    • 74849131091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting mTOR globally in cancer: Thinking beyond rapamycin
    • 19901542 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotlWrtL4%3D 10.4161/cc.8.23.10070
    • Shor B, Gibbons JJ, Abraham RT, Yu K. Targeting mTOR globally in cancer: thinking beyond rapamycin. Cell Cycle. 2009;8:3831-7.
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.8 , pp. 3831-3837
    • Shor, B.1    Gibbons, J.J.2    Abraham, R.T.3    Yu, K.4
  • 74
    • 59149086517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of erlotinib plus temozolomide during and after radiation therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma
    • 19075262 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXivFyjurk%3D 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.9639
    • Prados MD, Chang SM, Butowski N, DeBoer R, Parvataneni R, Carliner H, et al. Phase II study of erlotinib plus temozolomide during and after radiation therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme or gliosarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:579-84.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 579-584
    • Prados, M.D.1    Chang, S.M.2    Butowski, N.3    DeBoer, R.4    Parvataneni, R.5    Carliner, H.6
  • 75
    • 62649161792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiographic and histopathologic observations after combined EGFR inhibition and hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas
    • 19013723 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsVOntrk%3D 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1919
    • Schwer AL, Kavanagh BD, McCammon R, Gaspar LE, Kleinschmidt-De Masters BK, Stuhr K, et al. Radiographic and histopathologic observations after combined EGFR inhibition and hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73:1352-7.
    • (2009) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.73 , pp. 1352-1357
    • Schwer, A.L.1    Kavanagh, B.D.2    McCammon, R.3    Gaspar, L.E.4    Kleinschmidt-De Masters, B.K.5    Stuhr, K.6
  • 76
    • 57149118473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II trial of erlotinib and temozolomide with radiation therapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N0177
    • 18955445 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmsVSrsg%3D%3D 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.0612
    • Brown PD, Krishnan S, Sarkaria JN, Wu W, Jaeckle KA, Uhm JH, et al. Phase I/II trial of erlotinib and temozolomide with radiation therapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N0177. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5603-9.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 5603-5609
    • Brown, P.D.1    Krishnan, S.2    Sarkaria, J.N.3    Wu, W.4    Jaeckle, K.A.5    Uhm, J.H.6
  • 77
    • 37549048521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MTORC2 activity is elevated in gliomas and promotes growth and cell motility via overexpression of rictor
    • 18089801 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVCjs7vJ 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2223
    • Masri J, Bernath A, Martin J, Jo OD, Vartanian R, Funk A, et al. mTORC2 activity is elevated in gliomas and promotes growth and cell motility via overexpression of rictor. Cancer Res. 2007;67:11712-20.
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 11712-11720
    • Masri, J.1    Bernath, A.2    Martin, J.3    Jo, O.D.4    Vartanian, R.5    Funk, A.6
  • 78
    • 21444450373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase B/Akt, and glioma response to erlotinib
    • 15956649 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVahtrs%3D 10.1093/jnci/dji161
    • Haas-Kogan DA, Prados MD, Tihan T, Eberhard DA, Jelluma N, Arvold ND, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor, protein kinase B/Akt, and glioma response to erlotinib. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:880-7.
    • (2005) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.97 , pp. 880-887
    • Haas-Kogan, D.A.1    Prados, M.D.2    Tihan, T.3    Eberhard, D.A.4    Jelluma, N.5    Arvold, N.D.6
  • 79
    • 78349245231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of temsirolimus (CCI-779) with chemoradiation in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (NCCTG trial N027D) is associated with increased infectious risks
    • 20921209 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVWmsbnI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1453
    • Sarkaria JN, Galanis E, Wu W, Dietz AB, Kaufmann TJ, Gustafson MP, et al. Combination of temsirolimus (CCI-779) with chemoradiation in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (NCCTG trial N027D) is associated with increased infectious risks. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:5573-80.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 5573-5580
    • Sarkaria, J.N.1    Galanis, E.2    Wu, W.3    Dietz, A.B.4    Kaufmann, T.J.5    Gustafson, M.P.6
  • 80
    • 80052820448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase I trial N057K of everolimus (RAD001) and temozolomide in combination with radiation therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme
    • 20864273 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFShtb%2FL 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.05.064
    • Sarkaria JN, Galanis E, Wu W, Peller PJ, Giannini C, Brown PD, et al. North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase I trial N057K of everolimus (RAD001) and temozolomide in combination with radiation therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81:468-75.
    • (2011) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.81 , pp. 468-475
    • Sarkaria, J.N.1    Galanis, E.2    Wu, W.3    Peller, P.J.4    Giannini, C.5    Brown, P.D.6
  • 81
    • 57449104947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3K signaling in glioma-animal models and therapeutic challenges
    • 19076776 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXitVWht7w%3D 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00233.x
    • Cheng CK, Fan Q-W, Weiss WA. PI3K signaling in glioma-animal models and therapeutic challenges. Brain Pathol. 2009;19:112-20.
    • (2009) Brain Pathol , vol.19 , pp. 112-120
    • Cheng, C.K.1    Fan, Q.-W.2    Weiss, W.A.3
  • 82
    • 33947730475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrido[3′,2′:4,5] furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel PI3 kinase p110alpha inhibitors
    • 17339109 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXktVentrg%3D 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.032
    • Hayakawa M, Kaizawa H, Moritomo H, Koizumi T, Ohishi T, Yamano M, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-d] pyrimidine derivatives as novel PI3 kinase p110alpha inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007;17:2438-42.
    • (2007) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.17 , pp. 2438-2442
    • Hayakawa, M.1    Kaizawa, H.2    Moritomo, H.3    Koizumi, T.4    Ohishi, T.5    Yamano, M.6
  • 83
    • 34548596728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase alpha/mTOR inhibitor cooperates with blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor in PTEN-mutant glioma
    • 17804702 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpvFKjtrg%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2154
    • Fan Q-W, Cheng CK, Nicolaides TP, Hackett CS, Knight ZA, Shokat KM, et al. A dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase alpha/mTOR inhibitor cooperates with blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor in PTEN-mutant glioma. Cancer Res. 2007;67:7960-5.
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 7960-7965
    • Fan, Q.-W.1    Cheng, C.K.2    Nicolaides, T.P.3    Hackett, C.S.4    Knight, Z.A.5    Shokat, K.M.6
  • 84
    • 52449106253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The identification of 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin- 1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (GDC-0941) as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3 kinase for the treatment of cancer
    • 18754654 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVCmsr7E 10.1021/jm800295d
    • Folkes AJ, Ahmadi K, Alderton WK, Alix S, Baker SJ, Box G, et al. The identification of 2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl) -4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine (GDC-0941) as a potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of class I PI3 kinase for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem. 2008;51:5522-32.
    • (2008) J Med Chem , vol.51 , pp. 5522-5532
    • Folkes, A.J.1    Ahmadi, K.2    Alderton, W.K.3    Alix, S.4    Baker, S.J.5    Box, G.6
  • 85
    • 67650312583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ku-0063794 is a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
    • 19402821 10.1042/BJ20090489 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntFeqtLc%3D
    • García-Martínez JM, Moran J, Clarke RG, Gray A, Cosulich SC, Chresta CM, et al. Ku-0063794 is a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Biochem J. 2009;421:29-42.
    • (2009) Biochem J , vol.421 , pp. 29-42
    • García-Martínez, J.M.1    Moran, J.2    Clarke, R.G.3    Gray, A.4    Cosulich, S.C.5    Chresta, C.M.6
  • 86
    • 68849091778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NVP-BEZ235, a novel dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, elicits multifaceted antitumor activities in human gliomas
    • 19671762 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpvFCnu7o%3D 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0160
    • Liu T-J, Koul D, LaFortune T, Tiao N, Shen RJ, Maira S-M, et al. NVP-BEZ235, a novel dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, elicits multifaceted antitumor activities in human gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009;8:2204-10.
    • (2009) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.8 , pp. 2204-2210
    • Liu, T.-J.1    Koul, D.2    LaFortune, T.3    Tiao, N.4    Shen, R.J.5    Maira, S.-M.6
  • 87
    • 51849111524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, prevents PI3K signaling and inhibits the growth of cancer cells with activating PI3K mutations
    • 18829560 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtF2msLrK 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1385
    • Serra V, Markman B, Scaltriti M, Eichhorn PJA, Valero V, Guzman M, et al. NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, prevents PI3K signaling and inhibits the growth of cancer cells with activating PI3K mutations. Cancer Res. 2008;68:8022-30.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 8022-8030
    • Serra, V.1    Markman, B.2    Scaltriti, M.3    Eichhorn, P.J.A.4    Valero, V.5    Guzman, M.6
  • 88
    • 84555187723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling in glioblastoma by mTORC1/2 inhibitors
    • 22125077 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1WlurrK 10.1007/978-1-61779-430-8-22
    • Fan Q-W, Weiss WA. Inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling in glioblastoma by mTORC1/2 inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;821:349-59.
    • (2012) Methods Mol Biol , vol.821 , pp. 349-359
    • Fan, Q.-W.1    Weiss, W.A.2
  • 89
    • 78149475478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt and autophagy cooperate to promote survival of drug-resistant glioma
    • 21062993 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Sqt7o%3D 10.1126/scisignal.2001017
    • Fan Q-W, Cheng C, Hackett C, Feldman M, Houseman BT, Nicolaides T, et al. Akt and autophagy cooperate to promote survival of drug-resistant glioma. Sci Signal. 2010;3:ra81.
    • (2010) Sci Signal , vol.3 , pp. 81
    • Fan, Q.-W.1    Cheng, C.2    Hackett, C.3    Feldman, M.4    Houseman, B.T.5    Nicolaides, T.6
  • 90
    • 70349974841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pyridinylfuranopyrimidine inhibitor, PI-103, chemosensitizes glioblastoma cells for apoptosis by inhibiting DNA repair
    • 19633683 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXovFylt7k%3D 10.1038/onc.2009.215
    • Westhoff M-A, Kandenwein JA, Karl S, Vellanki SHK, Braun V, Eramo A, et al. The pyridinylfuranopyrimidine inhibitor, PI-103, chemosensitizes glioblastoma cells for apoptosis by inhibiting DNA repair. Oncogene. 2009;28:3586-96.
    • (2009) Oncogene , vol.28 , pp. 3586-3596
    • Westhoff, M.-A.1    Kandenwein, J.A.2    Karl, S.3    Vellanki, S.H.K.4    Braun, V.5    Eramo, A.6
  • 91
    • 84871683550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of EGFR and PTEN gene expressions on the inhibition of U87MG glioblastoma cell proliferation induced by protein kinase inhibitors
    • Xing W-J, Zou Y, Han Q-L, Dong Y-C, Deng Z-L, Lv X-H, et al. Effects of EGFR and PTEN gene expressions on the inhibition of U87MG glioblastoma cell proliferation induced by protein kinase inhibitors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2012;40:13-21.
    • (2012) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. , vol.40 , pp. 13-21
    • Xing, W.-J.1    Zou, Y.2    Han, Q.-L.3    Dong, Y.-C.4    Deng, Z.-L.5    Lv, X.-H.6
  • 92
    • 51049109033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of NVP-BEZ235, a new orally available dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with potent in vivo antitumor activity
    • 18606717 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXoslCgtb4%3D 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0017
    • Maira S-M, Stauffer F, Brueggen J, Furet P, Schnell C, Fritsch C, et al. Identification and characterization of NVP-BEZ235, a new orally available dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor with potent in vivo antitumor activity. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008;7:1851-63.
    • (2008) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.7 , pp. 1851-1863
    • Maira, S.-M.1    Stauffer, F.2    Brueggen, J.3    Furet, P.4    Schnell, C.5    Fritsch, C.6
  • 93
    • 78649831949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crosstalk between the PI3K/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways involved in the maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells
    • 20857497 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhs1emt73K 10.1002/stem.521
    • Sunayama J, Matsuda K-I, Sato A, Tachibana K, Suzuki K, Narita Y, et al. Crosstalk between the PI3K/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways involved in the maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Stem Cells. 2010;28:1930-9.
    • (2010) Stem Cells , vol.28 , pp. 1930-1939
    • Sunayama, J.1    Matsuda, K.-I.2    Sato, A.3    Tachibana, K.4    Suzuki, K.5    Narita, Y.6
  • 94
    • 78649880050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual blocking of mTor and PI3K elicits a prodifferentiation effect on glioblastoma stem-like cells
    • 20861085 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVKjur3K
    • Sunayama J, Sato A, Matsuda K-I, Tachibana K, Suzuki K, Narita Y, et al. Dual blocking of mTor and PI3K elicits a prodifferentiation effect on glioblastoma stem-like cells. Neuro-Oncology. 2010;12:1205-19.
    • (2010) Neuro-Oncology , vol.12 , pp. 1205-1219
    • Sunayama, J.1    Sato, A.2    Matsuda, K.-I.3    Tachibana, K.4    Suzuki, K.5    Narita, Y.6
  • 95
    • 84856993479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 is a potent inhibitor of ATM- and DNA-PKCs-mediated DNA damage responses
    • 22355272 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjtlamt7s%3D
    • Mukherjee B, Tomimatsu N, Amancherla K, Camacho CV, Pichamoorthy N, Burma S. The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 is a potent inhibitor of ATM- and DNA-PKCs-mediated DNA damage responses. Neoplasia. 2012;14:34-43.
    • (2012) Neoplasia , vol.14 , pp. 34-43
    • Mukherjee, B.1    Tomimatsu, N.2    Amancherla, K.3    Camacho, C.V.4    Pichamoorthy, N.5    Burma, S.6
  • 96
    • 84869856108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of autophagy as a strategy to augment radiosensitization by the dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235
    • 22989521 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhslCltb3K 10.1124/mol.112.080408
    • Cerniglia GJ, Karar J, Tyagi S, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Rengan R, Koumenis C, et al. Inhibition of autophagy as a strategy to augment radiosensitization by the dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235. Mol Pharmacol. 2012;82:1230-40.
    • (2012) Mol Pharmacol , vol.82 , pp. 1230-1240
    • Cerniglia, G.J.1    Karar, J.2    Tyagi, S.3    Christofidou-Solomidou, M.4    Rengan, R.5    Koumenis, C.6
  • 97
    • 79953052206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathways in glioblastoma and implications for combination therapy with temozolomide
    • 21317208 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnvFKktrs%3D 10.1093/neuonc/noq193
    • Prasad G, Sottero T, Yang X, Mueller S, James CD, Weiss WA, et al. Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathways in glioblastoma and implications for combination therapy with temozolomide. Neuro-Oncology. 2011;13:384-92.
    • (2011) Neuro-Oncology , vol.13 , pp. 384-392
    • Prasad, G.1    Sottero, T.2    Yang, X.3    Mueller, S.4    James, C.D.5    Weiss, W.A.6
  • 98
    • 79955996030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor efficacy of PKI-587, a highly potent dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor
    • 21325073 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmtVGisbc%3D 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1694
    • Mallon R, Feldberg LR, Lucas J, Chaudhary I, Dehnhardt C, Santos ED, et al. Antitumor efficacy of PKI-587, a highly potent dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:3193-203.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 3193-3203
    • Mallon, R.1    Feldberg, L.R.2    Lucas, J.3    Chaudhary, I.4    Dehnhardt, C.5    Santos, E.D.6
  • 99
    • 75149112670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZD8055 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity
    • 20028854 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltVSj 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1751
    • Chresta CM, Davies BR, Hickson I, Harding T, Cosulich S, Critchlow SE, et al. AZD8055 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Cancer Res. 2010;70:288-98.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 288-298
    • Chresta, C.M.1    Davies, B.R.2    Hickson, I.3    Harding, T.4    Cosulich, S.5    Critchlow, S.E.6
  • 100
    • 76549107351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond rapalog therapy: Preclinical pharmacology and antitumor activity of WYE-125132, an ATP-competitive and specific inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2
    • 20068177 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltlWqsw%3D%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2340
    • Yu K, Shi C, Toral-Barza L, Lucas J, Shor B, Kim JE, et al. Beyond rapalog therapy: preclinical pharmacology and antitumor activity of WYE-125132, an ATP-competitive and specific inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Cancer Res. 2010;70:621-31.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 621-631
    • Yu, K.1    Shi, C.2    Toral-Barza, L.3    Lucas, J.4    Shor, B.5    Kim, J.E.6
  • 101
    • 80053519192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the AKT pathway in glioblastoma
    • 21827416 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlGksrrF 10.2174/138161211797249224
    • McDowell KA, Riggins GJ, Gallia GL. Targeting the AKT pathway in glioblastoma. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17:2411-20.
    • (2011) Curr Pharm Des , vol.17 , pp. 2411-2420
    • McDowell, K.A.1    Riggins, G.J.2    Gallia, G.L.3
  • 102
    • 34247339936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the specificity of the PI3K family inhibitor LY294002
    • 17302559 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXks1ansr8%3D 10.1042/BJ20061489
    • Gharbi SI, Zvelebil MJ, Shuttleworth SJ, Hancox T, Saghir N, Timms JF, et al. Exploring the specificity of the PI3K family inhibitor LY294002. Biochem J. 2007;404:15-21.
    • (2007) Biochem J , vol.404 , pp. 15-21
    • Gharbi, S.I.1    Zvelebil, M.J.2    Shuttleworth, S.J.3    Hancox, T.4    Saghir, N.5    Timms, J.F.6
  • 103
    • 36549040859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: A further update
    • 17850214 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlGmtbjE 10.1042/BJ20070797
    • Bain J, Plater L, Elliott M, Shpiro N, Hastie CJ, McLauchlan H, et al. The selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors: a further update. Biochem J. 2007;408:297-315.
    • (2007) Biochem J , vol.408 , pp. 297-315
    • Bain, J.1    Plater, L.2    Elliott, M.3    Shpiro, N.4    Hastie, C.J.5    McLauchlan, H.6
  • 104
    • 51049112961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition broadly sensitizes glioblastoma cells to death receptor- and drug-induced apoptosis
    • 18676851 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpt1WjsL4%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6769
    • Opel D, Westhoff M-A, Bender A, Braun V, Debatin K-M, Fulda S. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition broadly sensitizes glioblastoma cells to death receptor- and drug-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2008;68:6271-80.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 6271-6280
    • Opel, D.1    Westhoff, M.-A.2    Bender, A.3    Braun, V.4    Debatin, K.-M.5    Fulda, S.6
  • 105
    • 84862931549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LY294002 enhances cytotoxicity of temozolomide in glioma by down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XkvFCjtA%3D%3D
    • Chen L, Han L, Shi Z, Zhang K, Liu Y, Zheng Y, et al. LY294002 enhances cytotoxicity of temozolomide in glioma by down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Med Report. 2012;5:575-9.
    • (2012) Mol Med Report , vol.5 , pp. 575-579
    • Chen, L.1    Han, L.2    Shi, Z.3    Zhang, K.4    Liu, Y.5    Zheng, Y.6
  • 106
    • 81055124259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radioresistance of human glioma spheroids and expression of HSP70, p53 and EGFr
    • 22077956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Gj 10.1186/1748-717X-6-156
    • Fedrigo CA, Grivicich I, Schunemann DP, Chemale IM, dos Santos D, Jacovas T, et al. Radioresistance of human glioma spheroids and expression of HSP70, p53 and EGFr. Radiat Oncol. 2011;6:156.
    • (2011) Radiat Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 156
    • Fedrigo, C.A.1    Grivicich, I.2    Schunemann, D.P.3    Chemale, I.M.4    Dos Santos, D.5    Jacovas, T.6
  • 107
    • 4444223702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pharmacology and antitumor activity of PX-866, a novel inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling
    • 15252137 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXls1anu7k%3D
    • Ihle NT, Williams R, Chow S, Chew W, Berggren MI, Paine-Murrieta G, et al. Molecular pharmacology and antitumor activity of PX-866, a novel inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004;3:763-72.
    • (2004) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.3 , pp. 763-772
    • Ihle, N.T.1    Williams, R.2    Chow, S.3    Chew, W.4    Berggren, M.I.5    Paine-Murrieta, G.6
  • 108
    • 77956004085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and in vivo activity of a novel PI3K inhibitor, PX-866, against human glioblastoma
    • 20156803 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXovFCqurs%3D 10.1093/neuonc/nop058
    • Koul D, Shen R, Kim Y-W, Kondo Y, Lu Y, Bankson J, et al. Cellular and in vivo activity of a novel PI3K inhibitor, PX-866, against human glioblastoma. Neuro-Oncology. 2010;12:559-69.
    • (2010) Neuro-Oncology , vol.12 , pp. 559-569
    • Koul, D.1    Shen, R.2    Kim, Y.-W.3    Kondo, Y.4    Lu, Y.5    Bankson, J.6
  • 109
    • 78650623482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined action of the dinuclear platinum compound BBR3610 with the PI3-K inhibitor PX-866 in glioblastoma
    • 20473884 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsF2rtrnL 10.1002/ijc.25394
    • Gwak H-S, Shingu T, Chumbalkar V, Hwang Y-H, DeJournett R, Latha K, et al. Combined action of the dinuclear platinum compound BBR3610 with the PI3-K inhibitor PX-866 in glioblastoma. Int J Cancer. 2011;128:787-96.
    • (2011) Int J Cancer , vol.128 , pp. 787-796
    • Gwak, H.-S.1    Shingu, T.2    Chumbalkar, V.3    Hwang, Y.-H.4    DeJournett, R.5    Latha, K.6
  • 110
    • 34748840281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, PX-866, is a potent inhibitor of cancer cell motility and growth in three-dimensional cultures
    • 17766839 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVCgur7E 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0698
    • Howes AL, Chiang GG, Lang ES, Ho CB, Powis G, Vuori K, et al. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, PX-866, is a potent inhibitor of cancer cell motility and growth in three-dimensional cultures. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6:2505-14.
    • (2007) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.6 , pp. 2505-2514
    • Howes, A.L.1    Chiang, G.G.2    Lang, E.S.3    Ho, C.B.4    Powis, G.5    Vuori, K.6
  • 111
    • 84855451538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor activity of NVP-BKM120-a selective pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor showed differential forms of cell death based on p53 status of glioma cells
    • 22065080 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvFWgsQ%3D%3D 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1558
    • Koul D, Fu J, Shen R, LaFortune TA, Wang S, Tiao N, et al. Antitumor activity of NVP-BKM120-a selective pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor showed differential forms of cell death based on p53 status of glioma cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:184-95.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 184-195
    • Koul, D.1    Fu, J.2    Shen, R.3    LaFortune, T.A.4    Wang, S.5    Tiao, N.6
  • 112
    • 23844457178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perifosine inhibits multiple signaling pathways in glial progenitors and cooperates with temozolomide to arrest cell proliferation in gliomas in vivo
    • 16103096 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXns1Wqsrs%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-1042
    • Momota H, Nerio E, Holland EC. Perifosine inhibits multiple signaling pathways in glial progenitors and cooperates with temozolomide to arrest cell proliferation in gliomas in vivo. Cancer Res. 2005;65:7429-35.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 7429-7435
    • Momota, H.1    Nerio, E.2    Holland, E.C.3
  • 113
    • 42249103253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive imaging of apoptosis and its application in cancer therapeutics
    • 18413842 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvFGmuro%3D 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0782
    • Coppola JM, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A. Noninvasive imaging of apoptosis and its application in cancer therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:2492-501.
    • (2008) Clin Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 2492-2501
    • Coppola, J.M.1    Ross, B.D.2    Rehemtulla, A.3
  • 114
    • 77950232139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical evaluation of radiation and perifosine in a genetically and histologically accurate model of brainstem glioma
    • 20197468 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjtFygurw%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2503
    • Becher OJ, Hambardzumyan D, Walker TR, Helmy K, Nazarian J, Albrecht S, et al. Preclinical evaluation of radiation and perifosine in a genetically and histologically accurate model of brainstem glioma. Cancer Res. 2010;70:2548-57.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 2548-2557
    • Becher, O.J.1    Hambardzumyan, D.2    Walker, T.R.3    Helmy, K.4    Nazarian, J.5    Albrecht, S.6
  • 115
    • 79251575938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perifosine and CCI 779 co-operate to induce cell death and decrease proliferation in PTEN-intact and PTEN-deficient PDGF-driven murine glioblastoma
    • 21267448 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1Ohtb8%3D 10.1371/journal.pone.0014545
    • Pitter KL, Galbán CJ, Galbán S, Tehrani OS, Saeed-Tehrani O, Li F, et al. Perifosine and CCI 779 co-operate to induce cell death and decrease proliferation in PTEN-intact and PTEN-deficient PDGF-driven murine glioblastoma. PLoS One. 2011;6:e14545.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. 14545
    • Pitter, K.L.1    Galbán, C.J.2    Galbán, S.3    Tehrani, O.S.4    Saeed-Tehrani, O.5    Li, F.6
  • 116
    • 84869235067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the PI3K pathway in the brain-efficacy of a PI3K inhibitor optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier
    • 22992516 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs12jur3J 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0720
    • Salphati L, Heffron TP, Alicke B, Nishimura M, Barck K, Carano RA, et al. Targeting the PI3K pathway in the brain-efficacy of a PI3K inhibitor optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:6239-48.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 6239-6248
    • Salphati, L.1    Heffron, T.P.2    Alicke, B.3    Nishimura, M.4    Barck, K.5    Carano, R.A.6
  • 117
    • 84871712573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDC-0941 enhances the lysosomal compartment via TFEB and primes glioblastoma cells to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death
    • Enzenmüller S, Gonzalez P, Karpel-Massler G, Debatin K-M, Fulda S. GDC-0941 enhances the lysosomal compartment via TFEB and primes glioblastoma cells to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Cancer Letters. 2012;329:27-36.
    • (2012) Cancer Letters , vol.329 , pp. 27-36
    • Enzenmüller, S.1    Gonzalez, P.2    Karpel-Massler, G.3    Debatin, K.-M.4    Fulda, S.5
  • 118
    • 79955983369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective class I PI3K inhibitor CH5132799 targets human cancers harboring oncogenic PIK3CA mutations
    • 21558396 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmtVGitrs%3D 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2882
    • Tanaka H, Yoshida M, Tanimura H, Fujii T, Sakata K, Tachibana Y, et al. The selective class I PI3K inhibitor CH5132799 targets human cancers harboring oncogenic PIK3CA mutations. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:3272-81.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 3272-3281
    • Tanaka, H.1    Yoshida, M.2    Tanimura, H.3    Fujii, T.4    Sakata, K.5    Tachibana, Y.6
  • 119
    • 84866316693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors: Optimization of a series of pyridyltriazines leading to the identification of a clinical candidate, AMG 511
    • 22897589 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Wls7%2FK 10.1021/jm300846z
    • Norman MH, Andrews KL, Bo YY, Booker SK, Caenepeel S, Cee VJ, et al. Selective class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors: optimization of a series of pyridyltriazines leading to the identification of a clinical candidate, AMG 511. J Med Chem. 2012;55:7796-816.
    • (2012) J Med Chem , vol.55 , pp. 7796-7816
    • Norman, M.H.1    Andrews, K.L.2    Bo, Y.Y.3    Booker, S.K.4    Caenepeel, S.5    Cee, V.J.6
  • 120
    • 80054952210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel analogues of the pan class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-[4,6-di(4- morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole (ZSTK474)
    • 21882832 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1eru7rJ 10.1021/jm200688y
    • Rewcastle GW, Gamage SA, Flanagan JU, Frederick R, Denny WA, Baguley BC, et al. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel analogues of the pan class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor 2-(difluoromethyl)-1-[4,6-di(4- morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole (ZSTK474). J Med Chem. 2011;54:7105-26.
    • (2011) J Med Chem , vol.54 , pp. 7105-7126
    • Rewcastle, G.W.1    Gamage, S.A.2    Flanagan, J.U.3    Frederick, R.4    Denny, W.A.5    Baguley, B.C.6
  • 121
    • 83255193930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catalytic phosphoinositol 3-kinase isoform p110δ is required for glioma cell migration and invasion
    • 22079609 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsF2ru7nI 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.09.006
    • Luk SK, Piekorz RP, Nürnberg B, Tony To S-S. The catalytic phosphoinositol 3-kinase isoform p110δ is required for glioma cell migration and invasion. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:149-57.
    • (2012) Eur J Cancer , vol.48 , pp. 149-157
    • Luk, S.K.1    Piekorz, R.P.2    Nürnberg, B.3    Tony To, S.-S.4
  • 122
    • 84855987551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of novel quinoxaline-derived chalcones on in vitro glioma cell proliferation
    • 22209415 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFKmt7g%3D 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.023
    • Mielcke TR, Mascarello A, Filippi-Chiela E, Zanin RF, Lenz G, Leal PC, et al. Activity of novel quinoxaline-derived chalcones on in vitro glioma cell proliferation. Eur J Med Chem. 2012;48:255-64.
    • (2012) Eur J Med Chem , vol.48 , pp. 255-264
    • Mielcke, T.R.1    Mascarello, A.2    Filippi-Chiela, E.3    Zanin, R.F.4    Lenz, G.5    Leal, P.C.6
  • 123
    • 56449087509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palomid 529, a novel small-molecule drug, is a TORC1/TORC2 inhibitor that reduces tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, and vascular permeability
    • 19010932 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlOmt7nE 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2058
    • Xue Q, Hopkins B, Perruzzi C, Udayakumar D, Sherris D, Benjamin LE. Palomid 529, a novel small-molecule drug, is a TORC1/TORC2 inhibitor that reduces tumor growth, tumor angiogenesis, and vascular permeability. Cancer Res. 2008;68:9551-7.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 9551-9557
    • Xue, Q.1    Hopkins, B.2    Perruzzi, C.3    Udayakumar, D.4    Sherris, D.5    Benjamin, L.E.6
  • 124
    • 79955681509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and Akt promote survival in glioma
    • 21266843 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XitF2jug%3D%3D 10.4161/auto.7.5.14779
    • Fan Q-W, Weiss WA. Autophagy and Akt promote survival in glioma. Autophagy. 2011;7:536-8.
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , pp. 536-538
    • Fan, Q.-W.1    Weiss, W.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.