Growth factor signaling and extracellular matrix

Extracellular Matrix: Pathobiology and Signaling

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 741-762

  Nikitovic, Dragana ^a   Pratsinis, Harris ^b   Berdiaki, Aikaterini ^a   Cialeli, Chrisostomi ^c   Kletsas, Dimitris ^b   Tzanakakis, George N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^b INSTITUTE OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY   (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879122113     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (193)

1. Anand, M., Van Meter, T. E., and Fillmore, H. L. (2011). Epidermal growth factor induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and invasion in glioma cell lines via the MAPK pathway. J Neurooncol 104 (3), 679-687.
2. Andersson, M., Ostman, A., Westermark, B., and Heldin, C. H. (1994). Characterization of the retention motif in the C-terminal part of the long splice form of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain. J Biol Chem 269, 926-930.
3. Andriolo, R. B., Puga, M. E., Belfort Junior, R., and Atallah, A. N. (2009). Bevacizumab for ocular neovascular diseases: a systematic review. Sao Paulo Med J 127, 84-91.
4. App, H., Hazan, R., Zilberstein, A., Ullrich, A., Schlessinger, J., and Rapp, U. (1991). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates association and kinase activity of raf-1 with the EGF receptor. Mol Cell Biol 11, 913-919.
5. Assoian, R. K. (1997). Anchorage-dependent cell cycle progression. J Cell Biol 136, 1-4.
6. Ataliotis, P., and Mercola, M. (1997). Distribution and functions of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors during embryogenesis. Int Rev Cytol 172, 95-127.
7. Attisano, L., and Lee-Hoeflich, S. T. (2001). The Smads. Genome Biol 2, REVIEWS3010.
8. Aviezer, D., Iozzo, R. V., Noonan, D. M., and Yayon, A. (1997). Suppression of autocrine and paracrine functions of basic fibroblast growth factor by stable expression of perlecan anti-sense cDNA. Mol Cell Biol 17, 1938-1946.
9. Bao, P., Kodra, A., Tomic-Canic, M., Golinko, M. S., Ehrlich, H. P., and Brem, H. (2009). The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in wound healing. J Surg Res 153, 347-358.
10. Bao, X., Nishimura, S., Mikami, T., Yamada, S., Itoh, N., and Sugahara, K. (2004). Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains from embryonic pig brain, which contain a higher proportion of L-iduronic acid than those from adult pig brain, exhibit neuritogenic and growth factor binding activities. J Biol Chem 279, 9765-9776.
11. Barkan, D., Green, J. E., and Chambers, A. F. (2010). Extracellular matrix: a gatekeeper in the transition from dormancy to metastatic growth. Eur J Cancer 46, 1181-1188.
12. Barres, B. A., Hart, I. K., Coles, H. S., et al. (1992). Cell death in the oligodendrocyte lineage. J Neurobiol 23, 1221-1230.
13. Berdiaki, A., Nikitovic, D., Tsatsakis, A., Katonis, P., Karamanos, N. K., and Tzanakakis, G. N. (2009). bFGF induces changes in hyaluronan synthase and hyaluronidase isoform expression and modulates the migration capacity of fibrosarcoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1790, 1258-1265.
14. Berdiaki, A., Zafiropoulos, A., Fthenou, E., et al. (2008). Regulation of hyaluronan and versican deposition by growth factors in fibrosarcoma cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta 1780, 194-202.
15. Bernabeu, C., Lopez-Novoa, J. M., and Quintanilla, M. (2009). The emerging role of TGF-beta superfamily coreceptors in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792, 954-973.
16. Bill, H. M., Knudsen, B., Moores, S. L., et al. (2004). Epidermal growth factor receptordependent regulation of integrin-mediated signaling and cell cycle entry in epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 24, 8586-8599.
17. Bissell, D. M. (2001). Chronic liver injury, TGF-beta, and cancer. Exp Mol Med 33, 179-190.
18. Blatti, S. P., Foster, D. N., Ranganathan, G., Moses, H. L., and Getz, M. J. (1988). Induction of fibronectin gene transcription and mRNA is a primary response to growth-factor stimulation of AKR-2B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85, 1119-1123.
19. Bobick, B. E., Chen, F. H., Le, A. M., and Tuan, R. S. (2009). Regulation of the chondrogenic phenotype in culture. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 87, 351-371.
20. Bodo, M., Baroni, T., Carinci, F., et al. (1999). A regulatory role of fibroblast growth factor in the expression of decorin, biglycan, betaglycan and syndecan in osteoblasts from patients with Crouzon's syndrome. Eur J Cell Biol 78, 323-330.
21. Bodo, M., Lilli, C., Bellucci, C., et al. (2002). Basic fibroblast growth factor autocrine loop controls human osteosarcoma phenotyping and differentiation. Mol Med 8, 393-404.
22. Border, W. A., and Noble, N. A. (1994). Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis. N Engl J Med 331, 1286-1292.
23. Bourguignon, L. Y. (2008). Hyaluronan-mediated CD44 activation of RhoGTPase signaling and cytoskeleton function promotes tumor progression. Semin Cancer Biol 18, 251-259.
24. Brazil, D. P., and Hemmings, B. A. (2001). Ten years of protein kinase B signalling: a hard Akt to follow. Trends Biochem Sci 26, 657-664.
25. Brekken, R. A., and Sage, E. H. (2001). SPARC, a matricellular protein: at the crossroads of cell-matrix communication. Matrix Biol 19, 816-827.
26. Burch, M. L., Zheng, W., and Little, P. J. (2011). Smad linker region phosphorylation in the regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 68, 97-107.
27. Byron, A., Humphries, J. D., Askari, J. A., Craig, S. E., Mould, A. P., and Humphries, M. J. (2009). Anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies. J Cell Sci 122, 4009-4011.
28. Cabodi, S., Moro, L., Bergatto, E., et al. (2004). Integrin regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and of EGF-dependent responses. Biochem Soc Trans 32, 438-442.
29. Canalis, E. (1981). Effect of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA and protein synthesis in cultured rat calvaria. Metabolism 30, 970-975.
30. Cantley, L. C. (2002). The phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Science 296, 1655-1657.
31. Carinci, P., Becchetti, E., and Bodo, M. (2000). Role of the extracellular matrix and growth factors in skull morphogenesis and in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis. Int J Dev Biol 44, 715-723.
32. Caswell, P. T., Vadrevu, S., and Norman, J. C. (2009). Integrins: masters and slaves of endocytic transport. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10, 843-853.
33. Chalkiadaki, G., Nikitovic, D., Berdiaki, A., et al. (2009). Fibroblast growth factor-2 modulates melanoma adhesion and migration through a syndecan-4-dependent mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41, 1323-1331.
34. Chang, L., and Karin, M. (2001). Mammalian map kinase signalling cascades. Nature 410, 37-40.
35. Chang, S. H., Kanasaki, K., Gocheva, V., et al. (2009). VEGF-A induces angiogenesis by perturbing the cathepsin-cysteine protease inhibitor balance in venules, causing basement membrane degradation and mother vessel formation. Cancer Res 69, 4537-4544.
36. Chatzinikolaou, G., Nikitovic, D., Asimakopoulou, A., Tsatsakis, A., Karamanos, N. K., and Tzanakakis, G. N. (2008). Heparin - a unique stimulator of human colon cancer cells' growth. IUBMB Life 60, 333-340.
37. Chaudhury, A., and Howe, P. H. (2009). The tale of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling: a soigne enigma. IUBMB Life 61, 929-939.
38. Chen, J. D., Kim, J. P., Zhang, K., et al. (1993). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes human keratinocyte locomotion on collagen by increasing the alpha 2 integrin subunit. Exp Cell Res 209, 216-223.
39. Cheng, J. C., Klausen, C., and Leung, P. C. K. (2010). Hydrogen peroxide mediates EGF-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin expression via p38 MAPK and snail in human ovarian cancer cell. Mol Endocrinol 24 (8), 1569-1580.
40. Citri, A., and Yarden, Y. (2006). EGF-ERBB signalling: towards the systems level. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7, 505-516.
41. Delehedde, M., Deudon, E., Boilly, B., and Hondermarck, H. (1996). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a dual role in regulating fibroblast growth factor-2 mitogenic activity in human breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 229, 398-406.
42. Denton, C. P., Merkel, P. A., Furst, D. E., et al. (2007). Recombinant human anti-transforming growth factor beta1 antibody therapy in systemic sclerosis: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial of CAT-192. Arthritis Rheum 56, 323-333.
43. Deuel, T. F. (1987). Polypeptide growth factors: roles in normal and abnormal cell growth. Annu Rev Cell Biol 3, 443-492.
44. Deuel, T. F., Senior, R. M., Huang, J. S., and Griffin, G. L. (1982). Chemotaxis of monocytes and neutrophils to platelet-derived growth factor. J Clin Invest 69, 1046-1049.
45. Dilly, M., Hambruch, N., Haeger, J. D., and Pfarrer, C. (2010). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces motility and upregulates MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in bovine trophoblast cells. Mol Reprod Dev 77 (7), 622-629.
46. Doolittle, R. F., Hunkapiller, M. W., Hood, L. E., et al. (1983). Simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, is derived from the gene (or genes) encoding a platelet-derived growth factor. Science 221, 275-277.
47. Duronio, V., Scheid, M. P., and Ettinger, S. (1998). Downstream signalling events regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. Cell Signal 10, 233-239.
48. Edin, M. L., and Juliano, R. L. (2005). Raf-1 serine 338 phosphorylation plays a key role in adhesion-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by epidermal growth factor. Mol Cell Biol 25, 4466-4475.
49. Eichholz, A., Merchant, S., and Gaya, A. M. (2010). Anti-angiogenesis therapies: their potential in cancer management. Onco Targets Ther 3, 69-82.
50. Ekman, S., Bergqvist, M., Heldin, C. H., and Lennartsson, J. (2007). Activation of growth factor receptors in esophageal cancer - implications for therapy. Oncologist 12, 1165-1177.
51. Eswarakumar, V. P., Lax, I., and Schlessinger, J. (2005). Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 16, 139-149.
52. Evanko, S. P., Raines, E. W., Ross, R., Gold, L. I., and Wight, T. N. (1998). Proteoglycan distribution in lesions of atherosclerosis depends on lesion severity, structural characteristics, and the proximity of platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. Am J Pathol 152, 533-546.
53. Fager, G., Camejo, G., Olsson, U., Ostergren-Lunden, G., Lustig, F., and Bondjers, G. (1995). Binding of platelet-derived growth factor and low density lipoproteins to glycosaminoglycan species produced by human arterial smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 163, 380-392.
54. Feng, X. H., and Derynck, R. (2005). Specificity and versatility in TGF-beta signaling through Smads. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21, 659-693.
55. Ferrara, N. (2010). Binding to the extracellular matrix and proteolytic processing: two key mechanisms regulating vascular endothelial growth factor action. Mol Biol Cell 21, 687-690.
56. Ferrara, N., and Davis-Smyth, T. (1997). The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev 18, 4-25.
57. Feyzi, E., Lustig, F., Fager, G., Spillmann, D., Lindahl, U., and Salmivirta, M. (1997). Characterization of heparin and heparan sulfate domains binding to the long splice variant of platelet-derived growth factor A chain. J Biol Chem 272, 5518-5524.
58. Flaumenhaft, R., Moscatelli, D., and Rifkin, D. B. (1990). Heparin and heparan sulfate increase the radius of diffusion and action of basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Biol 1 1 1, 1651-1659.
59. Friesel, R. E., and Maciag, T. (1995). Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. FASEB J 9, 919-925.
60. Fthenou, E., Zafiropoulos, A., Tsatsakis, A., Stathopoulos, A., Karamanos, N. K., and Tzanakakis, G. N. (2006). Chondroitin sulfate A chains enhance platelet derived growth factor-mediated signalling in fibrosarcoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38, 2141-2150.
61. Fu, Y., Nagy, J. A., Brown, L. F., et al. (2011). Proteolytic cleavage of versican and involvement of ADAMTS-1 in VEGF-A/VPF-induced pathological angiogenesis. J Histochem Cytochem 59, 463-473.
62. Garcia-Olivas, R., Hoebeke, J., Castel, S., et al. (2003). Differential binding of platelet-derived growth factor isoforms to glycosaminoglycans. Histochem Cell Biol 120, 371-382.
63. Gengrinovitch, S., Berman, B., David, G., Witte, L., Neufeld, G., and Ron, D. (1999). Glypican-1 is a VEGF165 binding proteoglycan that acts as an extracellular chaperone for VEGF165. J Biol Chem 274, 10816-10822.
64. Gialeli, C., Kletsas, D., Mavroudis, D., Kalofonos, H. P., Tzanakakis, G. N., and Karamanos, N. K. (2009). Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in solid tumors: critical evaluation of the biological importance of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Curr Med Chem 16, 3797-3804.
65. Giannouli, C. C., and Kletsas, D. (2006). TGF-beta regulates differentially the proliferation of fetal and adult human skin fibroblasts via the activation of PKA and the autocrine action of FGF-2. Cell Signal 18, 1417-1429.
66. Givol, D., and Yayon, A. (1992). Complexity of FGF receptors: genetic basis for structural diversity and functional specificity. FASEB J 6, 3362-3369.
67. Goldring, M. B., Tsuchimochi, K., and Ijiri, K. (2006). The control of chondrogenesis. J Cell Biochem 97, 33-44.
68. Harris, R. C., Chung, E., and Coffey, R. J. (2003). EGF receptor ligands. Exp Cell Res 284, 2-13.
69. Hausser, H., Groning, A., Hasilik, A., Schonherr, E., and Kresse, H. (1994). Selective inactivity of TGF-beta/decorin complexes. FEBS Lett 353, 243-245.
70. Hayes, A. J., and Ralphs, J. R. (2011). The response of foetal annulus fibrosus cells to growth factors: modulation of matrix synthesis by TGF-beta1 and IGF-1. Histochem Cell Biol 136 (2), 163-175.
71. Heldin, C. H. (1992). Structural and functional studies on platelet-derived growth factor. EMBO J 11, 4251-4259.
72. Heldin, C. H., Ernlund, A., Rorsman, C., and Ronnstrand, L. (1989). Dimerization of B-type platelet-derived growth factor receptors occurs after ligand binding and is closely associated with receptor kinase activation. J Biol Chem 264, 8905-8912.
73. Heldin, C. H., Miyazono, K., and ten Dijke, P. (1997). TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Nature 390, 465-471.
74. Heldin, C. H., and Westermark, B. (1999). Mechanism of action and /n v/vo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev 79, 1283-1316.
75. Henderson, Y. C., Chen, Y., Frederick, M. J., Lai, S. Y., and Clayman, G. L. (2010). MEK inhibitor PD0325901 significantly reduces the growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells n v fro and n v vo. Mol Cancer Ther 9, 1968-1976.
76. Hildebrand, A., Romaris, M., Rasmussen, L. M., et al. (1994). Interaction of the small interstitial proteoglycans biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin with transforming growth factor beta. Biochem J 302 (Pt 2), 527-534.
77. Homsi, J., and Daud, A. I. (2007). Spectrum of activity and mechanism of action of VEGF/ PDGF inhibitors. Cancer Control 14, 285-294.
78. Hopfner, M., Schuppan, D., and Scherubl, H. (2008a). Growth factor receptors and related signalling pathways as targets for novel treatment strategies of hepatocellular cancer. World J Gastroenterol 14, 1-14.
79. Hopfner, M., Schuppan, D., and Scherubl, H. (2008b). Treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors with inhibitors of growth factor receptors and their signaling pathways: recent advances and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 14, 2461-2473.
80. Houck, K. A., Leung, D. W., Rowland, A. M., Winer, J., and Ferrara, N. (1992). Dual regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioavailability by genetic and proteolytic mechanisms. J Biol Chem 267, 26031-26037.
81. Imajo, M., Tsuchiya, Y., and Nishida, E. (2006). Regulatory mechanisms and functions of map kinase signaling pathways. IUBMB Life 58, 312-317.
82. Iozzo, R. V. (2005). Basement membrane proteoglycans: from cellar to ceiling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6, 646-656.
83. Iozzo, R. V., and San Antonio, J. D. (2001). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: heavy hitters in the angiogenesis arena. J Clin Invest 108, 349-355.
84. Jaye, M., Schlessinger, J., and Dionne, C. A. (1992). Fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases: molecular analysis and signal transduction. Biochim Biophys Acta 1135, 185-199.
85. Joseph, D. S., Malik, M., Nurudeen, S., and Catherino, W. H. (2010). Myometrial cells undergo fibrotic transformation under the influence of transforming growth factor beta-3. Fertil Steril 93, 1500-1508.
86. Juliano, R. L., and Haskill, S. (1993). Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol 120, 577-585.
87. Kajanne, R., Miettinen, P., Mehlem, A., et al. (2007). EGF-R regulates MMP function in fibroblasts through MAPK and AP-1 pathways. J Cell Physiol 212, 489-497.
88. Karkkainen, M. J., and Petrova, T. V. (2000). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Oncogene 19, 5598-5605.
89. Keyt, B. A., Berleau, L. T., Nguyen, H. V., et al. (1996). The carboxyl-terminal domain (111-165) of vascular endothelial growth factor is critical for its mitogenic potency. J Biol Chem 271, 7788-7795.
90. Kim, H. R., Upadhyay, S., Li, G., Palmer, K. C., and Deuel, T. F. (1995). Platelet-derived growth factor induces apoptosis in growth-arrested murine fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92, 9500-9504.
91. Kim, S. H., Turnbull, J., and Guimond, S. (2011). Extracellular matrix and cell signalling: the dynamic cooperation of integrin, proteoglycan and growth factor receptor. J Endocrinol 209, 139-151.
92. Leask, A., and Abraham, D. J. (2004). TGF-beta signaling and the fibrotic response. FASEB J 18, 816-827.
93. Lee, J. W., and Juliano, R. (2004). Mitogenic signal transduction by integrin- and growth factor receptor-mediated pathways. Mol Cells 17, 188-202.
94. Lee, P. L., Johnson, D. E., Cousens, L. S., Fried, V. A., and Williams, L. T. (1989). Purification and complementary DNA cloning of a receptor for basic fibroblast growth factor. Science 245, 57-60.
95. Li, M. O., Wan, Y. Y., Sanjabi, S., Robertson, A. K., and Flavell, R. A. (2006). Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 24, 99-146.
96. Liu, X., Hu, H., and Yin, J. Q. (2006). Therapeutic strategies against TGF-beta signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis. Liver Int 26, 8-22.
97. Loeser, R. F. (2002). Integrins and cell signaling in chondrocytes. Biorheology 39, 119-124.
98. Lustig, F., Hoebeke, J., Ostergren-Lunden, G., et al. (1996). Alternative splicing determines the binding of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA) to glycosaminoglycans. Biochemistry 35, 12077-12085.
99. Malarkey, K., Belham, C. M., Paul, A., et al. (1995). The regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling pathways by growth factor and G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochem J 309, 361-375.
100. Marampon, F., Bossi, G., Ciccarelli, C., et al. (2009). MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 affects n v fro and n v vo growth of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 8, 543-551.
101. Markman, B., Dienstmann, R., and Tabernero, J. (2010). Targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway - beyond rapalogs. Oncotarget 1, 530-543.
102. Massague, J., and Gomis, R. R. (2006). The logic of TGFbeta signaling. FEBS Lett 580, 2811-2820.
103. Markmann, A., Hausser, H., Schonherr, E., and Kresse, H. (2000). Influence of decorin expression on transforming growth factor-beta-mediated collagen gel retraction and biglycan induction. Matrix Biol 19, 631-636.
104. Massague, J., Blain, S. W., and Lo, R. S. (2000). TGFbeta signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders. Cell 103, 295-309.
105. Massague, J., Seoane, J., and Wotton, D. (2005). Smad transcription factors. Genes Dev 19, 2783-2810.
106. Menke, A., and Adler, G. (2002). TGFbeta-induced fibrogenesis of the pancreas. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 31, 41-46.
107. Miyamoto, S., Teramoto, H., Coso, O. A., et al. (1995). Integrin function: molecular hierarchies of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules. J Cell Biol 131, 791-805.
108. Mohan, R. R., Tovey, J. C., Gupta, R., Sharma, A., and Tandon, A. (2011). Decorin biology, expression, function and therapy in the cornea. Curr Mol Med 11, 110-128.
109. Molloy, T., Wang, Y., and Murrell, G. (2003). The roles of growth factors in tendon and ligament healing. Sports Med 33, 381-394.
110. Molteni, A., Modrowski, D., Hott, M., and Marie, P. J. (1999). Alterations of matrix- and cell-associated proteoglycans inhibit osteogenesis and growth response to fibroblast growth factor-2 in cultured rat mandibular condyle and calvaria. Cell Tissue Res 295, 523-536.
111. Morabito, A., De Maio, E., Di Maio, M., Normanno, N., and Perrone, F. (2006). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in clinical trials: current status and future directions. Oncologist 1 1, 753-764.
112. Moscatelli, D. (1987). High and low affinity binding sites for basic fibroblast growth factor on cultured cells: absence of a role for low affinity binding in the stimulation of plasminogen activator production by bovine capillary endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 131, 123-130.
113. Moustakas, A., and Heldin, C. H. (2009). The regulation of TGFbeta signal transduction. Development 136, 3699-3714.
114. Mythreye, K., and Blobe, G. C. (2009) Proteoglycan signaling co-receptors: roles in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Cell Signal 21, 1548-1558.
115. Nelson, P. R., Yamamura, S., and Kent, K. C. (1997). Platelet-derived growth factor and extracellular matrix proteins provide a synergistic stimulus for human vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J Vasc Surg 26, 104-112.
116. Nikitovic, D., Assouti, M., Sifaki, M., et al. (2008). Chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycans are both partners and targets of basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated proliferation in human metastatic melanoma cell lines. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40, 72-83.
117. Nikitovic, D., Chalkiadaki, G., Berdiaki, A., et al. (2011). Lumican regulates osteosarcoma cell adhesion by modulating TGFbeta2 activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 43, 928-935.
118. Nikitovic, D., Zafiropoulos, A., Katonis, P., et al. (2006). Transforming growth factor-beta as a key molecule triggering the expression of versican isoforms v0 and v1, hyaluronan synthase-2 and synthesis of hyaluronan in malignant osteosarcoma cells. IUBMB Life 58, 47-53.
119. Noble, N. A., Harper, J. R., and Border, W. A. (1992). /n v/vo interactions of TGF-beta and extracellular matrix. Prog Growth Factor Res 4, 369-382.
120. Nutt, J. E., and Lunec, J. (1999). Induction of metalloproteinase (MMP1) expression by epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor stimulation and serum deprivation in human breast tumour cells. Eur J Cancer 32, 2127-2135.
121. Ohno, S., Hirano, S., Kanemaru, S., et al. (2011). Prevention of buccal mucosa scarring with transforming growth factor beta3. Laryngoscope 121, 1404-1409.
122. Ornitz, D. M., and Itoh, N. (2001). Fibroblast growth factors. Genome Biol 2, REVIEWS3005.
123. Osada, R., Ohshima, H., Ishihara, H., et al. (1996). Autocrine/paracrine mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion, and the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on proteoglycan synthesis in bovine intervertebral discs. J Orthop Res 14, 690-699.
124. Ostendorf, T., Eitner, F., and Floege, J. (2012). The PDGF family in renal fibrosis. Pediatr Nephrol 27 (7), 1041-1050.
125. Padua, D., and Massague, J. (2009). Roles of TGFbeta in metastasis. Cell Res 19, 89-102.
126. Park, E. J., Watanabe, Y., Smyth, G., et al. (2008). An FGF autocrine loop initiated in second heart field mesoderm regulates morphogenesis at the arterial pole of the heart. Development 135, 3599-3610.
127. Park, J. E., Keller, G. A., and Ferrara, N. (1993). The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms: differential deposition into the subepithelial extracellular matrix and bioactivity of extracellular matrix-bound VEGF. Mol Biol Cell 4, 1317-1326.
128. Park, S., Jung, H. H., Park, Y. H., Ahn, J. S., and Im, Y. H. (2011). ERK/MAPK pathways play critical roles in EGFR ligands-induced MMP1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 407 (4), 680-686.
129. Patil, A. S., Sable, R. B., and Kothari, R. M. (2012). Occurrence, biochemical profile of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms and their functions in endochondral ossification. J Cell Physiol 227 (4), 1298-1308.
130. Peterson, R. S., Andhare, R. A., Rousche, K. T., et al. (2004). CD44 modulates Smad1 activation in the BMP-7 signaling pathway. J Cell Biol 166, 1081-1091.
131. Pohlers, D., Brenmoehl, J., Loffler, I., et al. (2009). TGF-beta and fibrosis in different organs -molecular pathway imprints. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792, 746-756.
132. Pollock, R. A., and Richardson, W. D. (1992). The alternative-splice isoforms of the PDGF A-chain differ in their ability to associate with the extracellular matrix and to bind heparin /n v/tro. Growth Factors 7, 267-277.
133. Pratilas, C. A., and Solit, D. B. (2010). Targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway: physiological feedback and drug response. Clin Cancer Res 16, 3329-3334.
134. Pratsinis, H., Giannouli, C. C., Zervolea, I., Psarras, S., Stathakos, D., and Kletsas, D. (2004). Differential proliferative response of fetal and adult human skin fibroblasts to transforming growth factor-beta. Wound Repair Regen 12, 374-383.
135. Prud'homme, G. J. (2007). Pathobiology of transforming growth factor beta in cancer, fibrosis and immunologic disease, and therapeutic considerations. Lab Invest 87, 1077-1091.
136. Raines, E. W., Koyama, H., and Carragher, N. O. (2000). The extracellular matrix dynamically regulates smooth muscle cell responsiveness to PDGF. Ann N Y Acad Sci 902, 39-51; discussion 51-32.
137. Reiland, J., Kempf, D., Roy, M., Denkins, Y., and Marchetti, D. (2006). FGF2 binding, signaling, and angiogenesis are modulated by heparanase in metastatic melanoma cells. Neoplasia 8, 596-606.
138. Robinson, C. J., and Stringer, S. E. (2001). The splice variants of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors. J Cell Sci 114, 853-865.
139. Rocha-Lima, C. M., Soares, H. P., Raez, L. E., and Singal, R. (2007). EGFR targeting of solid tumors. Cancer Control 14, 295-304.
140. Ross, R. S. (2004). Molecular and mechanical synergy: cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. Cardiovasc Res 63, 381-390.
141. Rozario, T., and DeSimone, D. W. (2010). The extracellular matrix in development and morphogenesis: a dynamic view. Dev Biol 341, 126-140.
142. Ruhrberg, C., Gerhardt, H., Golding, M., et al. (2002). Spatially restricted patterning cues provided by heparin-binding VEGF-A control blood vessel branching morphogenesis. Genes Dev 16, 2684-2698.
143. Ruiz-Ortega, M., Rodriguez-Vita, J., Sanchez-Lopez, E., Carvajal, G., and Egido, J. (2007). TGF-beta signaling in vascular fibrosis. Cardiovasc Res 74, 196-206.
144. Saika, S., Saika, S., Liu, C. Y., et al. (2001). TGFbeta2 in corneal morphogenesis during mouse embryonic development. Dev Biol 240, 419-432.
145. Sato, T., Iwai, M., Sakai, T., et al. (1999). Enhancement of membrane-type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) production and sequential activation of progelatinase A on human squamous carcinoma cells co-cultured with human dermal fibroblasts. Br J Cancer 80 (8), 1137-1143.
146. Sawaji, Y., Hynes, J., Vincent, T., and Saklatvala, J. (2008). Fibroblast growth factor 2 inhibits induction of aggrecanase activity in human articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum 58, 3498-3509.
147. Scaffidi, A. K., Petrovic, N., Moodley, Y. P., et al. (2004). Alpha(v)beta(3) integrin interacts with the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) type II receptor to potentiate the proliferative effects of TGFbeta1 in living human lung fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 279, 37726-37733.
148. Schaefer, L., and Iozzo, R. V. (2008). Biological functions of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans: from genetics to signal transduction. J Biol Chem 283, 21305-21309.
149. Schaller, M.D. (2001). Biochemical signals and biological responses elicited by the focal adhesion kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1540, 1-21.
150. Schmidt, M. B., Chen, E. H., and Lynch, S. E. (2006). A review of the effects of insulin-like growth factor and platelet derived growth factor on n v vo cartilage healing and repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 14, 403-412.
151. Schneller, M., Vuori, K., and Ruoslahti, E. (1997). Alphavbeta3 integrin associates with activated insulin and PDGFbeta receptors and potentiates the biological activity of PDGF. EMBO J 16, 5600-5607.
152. Schonherr, E., and Hausser, H. J. (2000). Extracellular matrix and cytokines: a functional unit. Dev Immunol 7, 89-101.
153. Senior, R. M., Griffin, G. L., Huang, J. S., Walz, D. A., and Deuel, T. F. (1983). Chemotactic activity of platelet alpha granule proteins for fibroblasts. J Cell Biol 96, 382-385.
154. Shah, M., Foreman, D. M., and Ferguson, M. W. (1995). Neutralisation of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 or exogenous addition of TGF-beta 3 to cutaneous rat wounds reduces scarring. J Cell Sci 108, 985-1002.
155. Shi, Y., and Massague, J. (2003). Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell 113, 685-700.
156. Shibuya, M., and Claesson-Welsh, L. (2006). Signal transduction by VEGF receptors in regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Exp Cell Res 312, 549-560.
157. Siegel, P. M., and Massague, J. (2003). Cytostatic and apoptotic actions of TGF-beta in home-ostasis and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 807-821.
158. Slack-Davis, J. K., Eblen, S. T., Zecevic, M., et al. (2003). PAK1 phosphorylation of MEK1 regulates fibronectin-stimulated MAPK activation. J Cell Biol 162, 281-291.
159. Smith, S. M., West, L. A., Govindraj, P., Zhang, X., Ornitz, D. M., and Hassell, J. R. (2007). Heparan and chondroitin sulfate on growth plate perlecan mediate binding and delivery of FGF-2 to FGF receptors. Matrix Biol 26, 175-184.
160. Syrokou, A., Tzanakakis, G. N., Hjerpe, A., and Karamanos, N. K. (1999). Proteoglycans in human malignant mesothelioma. Stimulation of their synthesis induced by epidermal, insulin and platelet-derived growth factors involves receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Biochimie 81, 733-744.
161. Takeuchi, Y., Kodama, Y., and Matsumoto, T. (1994). Bone matrix decorin binds transforming growth factor-beta and enhances its bioactivity. J Biol Chem 269, 32634-32638.
162. Tammi, R. H., Passi, A. G., Rilla, K., et al. (2011). Transcriptional and post-translational regulation of hyaluronan synthesis. FEBS J 278 (9), 1419-1428.
163. ten Dijke, P., and Arthur, H. M. (2007). Extracellular control of TGFbeta signalling in vascular development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8, 857-869.
164. Tian, Y. C., Chen, Y. C., Chang, C. T., et al. (2007). Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1 enhance HK-2 cell migration through a synergistic increase of matrix metalloproteinase and sustained activation of ERK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 313, 2367-2377.
165. Tran, K. T., Lamb, P., and Deng, J. S. (2005). Matrikines and matricryptins: implications for cutaneous cancers and skin repair. J Dermatol Sci 40, 11-20.
166. Tzanakakis, G. N., Hjerpe, A., and Karamanos, N. K. (1997). Proteoglycan synthesis induced by transforming and basic fibroblast growth factors in human malignant mesothelioma is mediated through specific receptors and the tyrosine kinase intracellular pathway. Biochimie 79, 323-332.
167. Tzanakakis, G. N., Karamanos, N. K., and Hjerpe, A. (1995a). Effects on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured human mesothelioma cells of transforming, epidermal, and fibroblast growth factors and their combinations with platelet-derived growth factor. Exp Cell Res 220, 130-137.
168. Tzanakakis, G. N., Karamanos, N. K., Klominek, J., and Hjerpe, A. (1995b). Glycosaminoglycans from two human malignant mesothelioma cell lines: determination, distribution, and effect of platelet-derived growth factor on their synthesis. Biochem Cell Biol 73, 59-66.
169. Tzanakakis, G. N., Karamanos, N. K., Syrokou, A., and Hjerpe, A. (1996). Effect of insulin and epidermal growth factors on the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans in cultured human malignant mesothelioma cells of different phenotypic morphology. APMIS 104, 718-728.
170. Tzeng, D. Y., Deuel, T. F., Huang, J. S., and Baehner, R. L. (1985). Platelet-derived growth factor promotes human peripheral monocyte activation. Blood 66, 179-183.
171. Upton, Z., Cuttle, L., Noble, A., et al. (2008). Vitronectin: growth factor complexes hold potential as a wound therapy approach. J Invest Dermatol 128, 1535-1544.
172. Vachani, A., Moon, E., Wakeam, E., and Albelda, S. M. (2010). Gene therapy for mesothelioma and lung cancer. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 42, 385-393.
173. Van Meter, T. E., Broaddus, W. C., Rooprai, H. K., Pilkington, G. J., and Fillmore, H. L. (2004). Induction of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase by epidermal growth factor-mediated signaling in gliomas. Neuro Oncol 6 (3), 188-199.
174. Vempati, P., Mac Gabhann, F., and Popel, A. S. (2010). Quantifying the proteolytic release of extracellular matrix-sequestered VEGF with a computational model. PLoS One 5, e11860.
175. Wabnitz, P. A., Mitchell, D., and Wabnitz, D. A. (2004). /n v/tro and /n v/vo metabolism of the anti-cancer agent CI-1040, a MEK inhibitor, in rat, monkey, and human. Pharm Res 21, 1670-1679.
176. Wagsater, D., Zhu, C., Bjorck, H. M., and Eriksson, P. (2009). Effects of PDGF-C and PDGF-D on monocyte migration and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Atherosclerosis 202, 415-423.
177. Wan, Y. Y., and Flavell, R. A. (2007). "Yin-Yang" functions of transforming growth factor-beta and T regulatory cells in immune regulation. Immunol Rev 220, 199-213.
178. Wenner, C. E., and Yan, S. (2003). Biphasic role of TGF-beta1 in signal transduction and crosstalk. J Cell Physiol 196, 42-50.
179. Wennerberg, K., and Der, C. J. (2004). Rho-family GTPases: it's not only Rac and Rho (and I like it). J Cell Sci 117, 1301-1312.
180. Westermarck, J., and Kähäri, V. M. (1999). Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in tumor invasion. FASEB J 13, 781-792.
181. Wharton, K., and Derynck, R. (2009). TGFbeta family signaling: novel insights in development and disease. Development 136, 3691-3697.
182. Whitmarsh, A. J., and Davis, R. J. (1996). Transcription factor ap-1 regulation by mitogenactivated protein kinase signal transduction pathways. J Mol Med (Berl) 74, 589-607.
183. Wilhelm, S. M., Adnane, L., Newell, P., Villanueva, A., Llovet, J. M., and Lynch, M. (2008). Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both raf and VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 7, 3129-3140.
184. Wilkins-Port, C. E., and Higgins, P. J. (2007). Regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling following transforming growth factor-beta1/epidermal growth factor-stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human premalignant keratinocytes. Cells Tissues Organs 185, 116-122.
185. Wright, J. A., Turley, E. A., and Greenberg, A. H. (1993). Transforming growth factor beta and fibroblast growth factor as promoters of tumor progression to malignancy. Crit Rev Oncog 4, 473-492.
186. Wu, M. Y., and Hill, C. S. (2009). TGF-beta superfamily signaling in embryonic development and homeostasis. Dev Cell 16, 329-343.
187. Yamanaka, I., Koizumi, M., Baba, T., Yamashita, S., Suzuki, T., and Kudo, R. (2003). Epidermal growth factor increased the expression of alpha2beta1 integrin and modulated integrin mediated signaling in human cervical adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 286, 165-74.
188. Yarden, Y., and Sliwkowski, M. X. (2001). Untangling the ErbB signalling network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 127-37.
189. Yarwood, J. S, and Woodgett, R. J. (2001). Extracellular matrix composition determines the transcriptional response to epidermal growth factor receptor activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98 (8), 4472-4477.
190. Yu, Q., and Stamenkovic, I. (2000). Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Genes Dev 14, 163-176.
191. Yu, X., Miyamoto, S., and Mekada, E. (2000). Integrin alpha 2 beta 1-dependent EGF receptor activation at cell-cell contact sites. J Cell Sci 113, 2139-2147.
192. Zaidel-Bar, R., Itzkovitz, S., Ma'ayan, A., Iyengar, R., and Geiger, B. (2007). Functional atlas of the integrin adhesome. Nat Cell Biol 9, 858-867.
193. Zheng, Z., Nguyen, C., Zhang, X., et al. (2011). Delayed wound closure in fibromodulindeficient mice is associated with increased TGF-beta3 signaling. J Invest Dermatol 131, 769-778.