DNA-dependent protein kinase and DNA repair: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's Research and Therapy

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

  Kanungo, Jyotshna ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; DNA; DNA DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA; KU 70 PROTEIN; KU 80 PROTEIN; PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; CELL CYCLE; DNA END JOINING REPAIR; DNA REPAIR; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA BREAK; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HUMAN; NERVE CELL; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENILE DEMENTIA; SENILE PLAQUE;

EID: 84874195295     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17589193     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/alzrt167     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. DNA end-joining: from yeast to man. Critchlow SE, Jackson SP, Trends Biochem Sci 1998 23 394 398 10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01284-5 9810228 (Pubitemid 28511380)
2. The biochemistry and biological significance of nonhomologous DNA end joining: an essential repair process in multicellular eukaryotes. Lieber MR, Genes Cells 1999 4 77 85 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1999.00245.x 10320474 (Pubitemid 29191611)
3. Genomic integrity and the repair of double-strand DNA breaks. Pastink A, Eeken JC, Lohman PH, Mutat Res 2001 480-481 37 50 11506797 (Pubitemid 32744811)
4. Pathways of DNA double-strand break repair during the mammalian cell cycle. Rothkamm K, Kruger I, Thompson LH, Lobrich M, Mol Cell Biol 2003 23 5706 5715 10.1128/MCB.23.16.5706-5715.2003 12897142 (Pubitemid 36951334)
5. Both V(D)J recombination and radioresistance require DNA-PK kinase activity, though minimal levels suffice for V(D)J recombination. Kienker LJ, Shin EK, Meek K, Nucleic Acids Res 2000 28 2752 2761 10.1093/nar/28.14.2752 10908332 (Pubitemid 30488538)
6. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease: an alternative to the amyloid hypothesis. Smith MA, Perry G, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1997 56 217 10.1097/00005072-199702000-00015 9034378
7. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Science 1993 261 921 923 10.1126/science.8346443 8346443 (Pubitemid 23275809)
8. Influence of the susceptibility genes apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 and apolipoprotein E-epsilon 2 on the rate of disease expressivity of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Roses AD, Saunders AM, Corder EH, Pericakvance MA, Han SH, Einstein G, Hulette C, Schmechel DE, Holsti M, Huang D, Haines JL, Goedert M, Jakes R, Dong LM, Weisgraber KH, Strittmatter WJ, Arzneimittelforschung 1995 45 413 417 7763336
9. Altered tau and neurofilament proteins in neuro-degenerative diseases: diagnostic implications for Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias. Trojanowski JQ, Schmidt ML, Shin RW, Bramblett GT, Rao D, Lee VM, Brain Pathol 1993 3 45 54 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1993.tb00725.x 8269083 (Pubitemid 23046375)
10. Alzheimer's disease: genotypes, phenotypes, and treatments. Selkoe DJ, Science 1997 275 630 631 10.1126/science.275.5300.630 9019820 (Pubitemid 27061322)
11. Alzheimer disease models and human neuropathology: similarities and differences. Duyckaerts C, Potier MC, Delatour B, Acta Neuropathol 2008 115 5 38 18038275 (Pubitemid 50005258)
12. Correlative memory deficits, Abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice. Hsiao K, Chapman P, Nilsen S, Eckman C, Harigaya Y, Younkin S, Yang F, Cole G, Science 1996 274 99 102 10.1126/science.274.5284.99 8810256 (Pubitemid 26332733)
13. A transgenic rat that develops Alzheimer's disease-like amyloid pathology, deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment. Liu L, Orozco IJ, Planel E, Wen Y, Bretteville A, Krishnamurthy P, Wang L, Herman M, Figueroa H, Yu WH, Arancio O, Duff K, Neurobiol Dis 2008 31 46 57 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.03.005 18504134
14. Increased oxidative damage in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in Alzheimer's disease. Wang J, Xiong S, Xie C, Markesbery WR, Lovell MA, J Neurochem 2005 93 953 962 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03053.x 15857398 (Pubitemid 40695754)
15. Defective DNA base excision repair in brain from individuals with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Weissman L, Jo DG, Sorensen MM, de Souza-Pinto NC, Markesbery WR, Mattson MP, Bohr VA, Nucleic Acids Res 2007 35 5545 5555 10.1093/nar/gkm605 17704129 (Pubitemid 47423927)
16. DNA repair deficiency in neurodegeneration. Jeppesen DK, Bohr VA, Stevnsner T, Prog Neurobiol 2011 94 166 200 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.04.013 21550379
17. Mitochondrial base excision repair in mouse synaptosomes during normal aging and in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Gredilla R, Weissman L, Yang JL, Bohr VA, Stevnsner T, Neurobiol Aging 2012 33 694 707 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging. 2010.06.019 20708822
18. DNA strand breaks in Alzheimer's disease. Adamec E, Vonsattel JP, Nixon RA, Brain Res 1999 849 67 77 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02004-1 10592288
19. Apoptosis and expression of DNA repair proteins in ischaemic brain injury in man. Love S, Barber R, Wilcock GK, Neuroreport 1998 9 955 959 10.1097/00001756-199804200-00001 9601649 (Pubitemid 28266604)
20. A subgroup of spinocerebellar ataxias defective in DNA damage responses. Gueven N, Chen P, Nakamura J, Becherel OJ, Kijas AW, Grattan-Smith P, Lavin MF, Neuroscience 2007 145 1418 1425 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.010 17224243 (Pubitemid 46602742)
21. Responding to DNA double strand breaks in the nervous system. Lee Y, McKinnon PJ, Neuroscience 2007 145 1365 1374 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.026 16934412 (Pubitemid 46602724)
22. Repair of DNA double strand breaks by nonhomologous end joining. Lees-Miller SP, Meek K, Biochimie 2003 85 1161 1173 10.1016/j.biochi.2003.10.011 14726021 (Pubitemid 38142369)
23. DNA-PKcs is required for activation of innate immunity by immunostimulatory DNA. Chu W, Gong X, Li Z, Takabayashi K, Ouyang H, Chen Y, Lois A, Chen DJ, Li GC, Karin M, Raz E, Cell 2000 103 909 918 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00194-X 11136976
24. Subnuclear localization of Ku protein: functional association with RNA polymerase II elongation sites. Mo X, Dynan WS, Mol Cell Biol 2002 22 8088 8099 10.1128/MCB.22.22.8088-8099.2002 12391174 (Pubitemid 35217316)
25. HeLa nuclear protein recognizing DNA termini and translocating on DNA forming a regular DNA-multimeric protein complex. de Vries E, van Driel W, Bergsma WG, Arnberg AC, van der Vliet PC, J Mol Biol 1989 208 65 78 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90088-0 2769755 (Pubitemid 19191517)
26. Mechanism of interaction between Ku protein and DNA. Mimori T, Hardin JA, J Biol Chem 1986 261 10375 10379 3015926 (Pubitemid 17221977)
27. A DNA-activated protein kinase from HeLa cell nuclei. Carter T, Vancurova I, Sun I, Lou W, DeLeon S, Mol Cell Biol 1990 10 6460 6471 2247066 (Pubitemid 120004590)
28. GC box binding induces phosphorylation of Sp1 by a DNA-dependent protein kinase. Jackson SP, MacDonald JJ, Lees-Miller S, Tjian R, Cell 1990 63 155 165 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90296-Q 2170018 (Pubitemid 20359513)
29. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) formation in DNA repair. Satoh MS, Lindahl T, Nature 1992 356 356 358 10.1038/356356a0 1549180
30. Chromosomal double-strand break repair in Ku80-deficient cells. Liang F, Romanienko PJ, Weaver DT, Jeggo PA, Jasin M, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 8929 8933 10.1073/pnas.93.17.8929 8799130 (Pubitemid 26281994)
31. Structure of the Ku heterodimer bound to DNA and its implications for double-strand break repair. Walker JR, Corpina RA, Goldberg J, Nature 2001 412 607 614 10.1038/35088000 11493912 (Pubitemid 32772267)
32. Involvement of the Ku autoantigen in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. Rathmell WK, Chu G, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994 91 7623 7627 10.1073/pnas.91.16.7623 8052631 (Pubitemid 24238237)
33. Failure of hairpin-ended and nicked DNA To activate DNA-dependent protein kinase: implications for V(D)J recombination. Smider V, Rathmell WK, Brown G, Lewis S, Chu G, Mol Cell Biol 1998 18 6853 6858 9774698 (Pubitemid 28500572)
34. DNA-dependent protein kinase and XRCC4-DNA ligase IV mobilization in the cell in response to DNA double strand breaks. Drouet J, Delteil C, Lefrancois J, Concannon P, Salles B, Calsou P, J Biol Chem 2005 280 7060 7069 10.1074/jbc.M410746200 15520013 (Pubitemid 40341262)
35. Non-homologous end joining requires that the DNA-PK complex undergo an autophosphorylation-dependent rearrangement at DNA ends. Reddy YV, Ding Q, Lees-Miller SP, Meek K, Ramsden DA, J Biol Chem 2004 279 39408 39413 10.1074/jbc.M406432200 15258142 (Pubitemid 39258205)
36. Ku86 exists as both a full-length and a protease-sensitive natural variant in multiple myeloma cells. Gullo CA, Ge F, Cow G, Teoh G, Cancer Cell Int 2008 8 4 10.1186/1475-2867-8-4 18442416 (Pubitemid 351699619)
37. DNA-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites in Ku 70/80 heterodimer. Chan DW, Ye R, Veillette CJ, Lees-Miller SP, Biochemistry 1999 38 1819 1828 10.1021/bi982584b 10026262 (Pubitemid 29085331)
38. DNA-PK autophosphorylation facilitates Artemis endonuclease activity. Goodarzi AA, Yu Y, Riballo E, Douglas P, Walker SA, Ye R, Harer C, Marchetti C, Morrice N, Jeggo PA, Lees-Miller SP, EMBO J 2006 25 3880 3889 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601255 16874298 (Pubitemid 44300273)
39. Hairpin opening and overhang processing by an Artemis/DNA-dependent protein kinase complex in nonhomologous end joining and V(D)J recombination. Ma Y, Pannicke U, Schwarz K, Lieber MR, Cell 2002 108 781 794 10.1016/S0092- 8674(02)00671-2 11955432 (Pubitemid 34327530)
40. The Artemis:DNA-PKcs endonuclease cleaves DNA loops, flaps, and gaps. Ma Y, Schwarz K, Lieber MR, DNA Repair (Amst) 2005 4 845 851 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005. 04.013 15936993 (Pubitemid 40835856)
41. Synapsis of DNA ends by DNA-dependent protein kinase. DeFazio LG, Stansel RM, Griffith JD, Chu G, EMBO J 2002 21 3192 3200 10.1093/emboj/cdf299 12065431 (Pubitemid 34670402)
42. Coordinate 5' and 3' endonucleolytic trimming of terminally blocked blunt DNA double-strand break ends by Artemis nuclease and DNA-dependent protein kinase. Yannone SM, Khan IS, Zhou RZ, Zhou T, Valerie K, Povirk LF, Nucleic Acids Res 2008 36 3354 3365 10.1093/nar/gkn205 18440975 (Pubitemid 351859004)
43. Proliferation of different cell types in the brain. Korr H, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 1980 61 1 72 10.1007/978-3-642-67577-5-1 7415890
44. Reactive astrocytes: cellular and molecular cues to biological function. Ridet JL, Malhotra SK, Privat A, Gage FH, Trends Neurosci 1997 20 570 577 10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01139-9 9416670 (Pubitemid 27508969)
45. DNA repair in aging rat neurons. Rao KS, Neuroscience 2007 145 1330 1340 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.032 17156934 (Pubitemid 46602731)
46. DNA repair in neural cells: basic science and clinical implications. Brooks PJ, Mutat Res 2002 509 93 108 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00222-1 12427533 (Pubitemid 35341455)
47. Mechanism and regulation of human non-homologous DNA end-joining. Lieber MR, Ma Y, Pannicke U, Schwarz K, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003 4 712 720 10.1038/nrm1202 14506474 (Pubitemid 37082186)
48. Deletions and insertions in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human cancers: confirmation of the DNA polymerase slippage/misalignment model. Greenblatt MS, Grollman AP, Harris CC, Cancer Res 1996 56 2130 2136 8616861 (Pubitemid 26119914)
49. Defective DNA repair and neurodegenerative disease. Rass U, Ahel I, West SC, Cell 2007 130 991 1004 10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.043 17889645 (Pubitemid 47410275)
50. Nonhomologous end-joining proteins are required for V(D)J recombination, normal growth, and neurogenesis. Sekiguchi JM, Gao Y, Gu Y, Frank K, Sun Y, Chaudhuri J, Zhu C, Cheng HL, Manis J, Ferguson D, Davidson L, Greenberg ME, Alt FW, Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1999 64 169 181 10.1101/sqb.1999.64.169 11232282 (Pubitemid 30329276)
51. DNA strand break repair and human genetic disease. McKinnon PJ, Caldecott KW, Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2007 8 37 55 10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505. 115648 17887919
52. Loss of neuronal cell cycle control in ataxia-telangiectasia: a unified disease mechanism. Yang Y, Herrup K, J Neurosci 2005 25 2522 2529 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4946-04.2005 15758161 (Pubitemid 40365163)
53. The DNA-dependent protein kinase. Smith GC, Jackson SP, Genes Dev 1999 13 916 934 10.1101/gad.13.8.916 10215620 (Pubitemid 29200976)
54. Deletion of Ku86 causes early onset of senescence in mice. Vogel H, Lim DS, Karsenty G, Finegold M, Hasty P, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96 10770 10775 10.1073/pnas.96.19.10770 10485901 (Pubitemid 29442219)
55. Molecular basis of programmed cell death involved in neurodegeneration. Krantic S, Mechawar N, Reix S, Quirion R, Trends Neurosci 2005 28 670 676 10.1016/j.tins.2005.09.011 16216345 (Pubitemid 41654391)
56. Cell cycle activation linked to neuronal cell death initiated by DNA damage. Wersto RP, Cardozo-Pelaez F, Smilenov L, Chan SL, Chrest FJ, Emokpae R Jr, Gorospe M, Mattson MP, Neuron 2004 41 549 561 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00017-0 14980204 (Pubitemid 38253067)
57. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent apoptosis after genotoxic stress in the developing nervous system is determined by cellular differentiation status. Lee Y, Chong MJ, McKinnon PJ, J Neurosci 2001 21 6687 6693 11517258 (Pubitemid 32781113)
58. To die or not to die: DNA repair in neurons. McMurray CT, Mutat Res 2005 577 260 274 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.03.006 15921706 (Pubitemid 41225505)
59. When parsimony backfires: neglecting DNA repair may doom neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Nouspikel T, Hanawalt PC, Bioessays 2003 25 168 173 10.1002/bies.10227 12539243 (Pubitemid 36222388)
60. DNA replication precedes neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Yang Y, Geldmacher DS, Herrup K, J Neurosci 2001 21 2661 2668 11306619 (Pubitemid 32298208)
61. TOR signaling is a determinant of cell survival in response to DNA damage. Shen C, Lancaster CS, Shi B, Guo H, Thimmaiah P, Bjornsti MA, Mol Cell Biol 2007 27 7007 7017 10.1128/MCB.00290-07 17698581 (Pubitemid 47549740)
62. The DNA replication stress hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Yurov YB, Vorsanova SG, Iourov IY, ScientificWorldJournal 2011 11 2602 2612 22262948
63. Nucleotide deficiency promotes genomic instability in early stages of cancer development. Bester AC, Roniger M, Oren YS, Im MM, Sarni D, Chaoat M, Bensimon A, Zamir G, Shewach DS, Kerem B, Cell 2011 145 435 446 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.044 21529715
64. DNA replication stress, genome instability and aging. Burhans WC, Weinberger M, Nucleic Acids Res 2007 35 7545 7556 10.1093/nar/gkm1059 18055498
65. DNA damage and cell cycle events implicate cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons as targets of Alzheimer's disease. Chen J, Cohen ML, Lerner AJ, Yang Y, Herrup K, Mol Neurodegener 2010 5 60 10.1186/1750-1326-5-60 21172027
66. Distinct roles for DNA-PK, ATM and ATR in RPA phosphorylation and checkpoint activation in response to replication stress. Liu S, Opiyo SO, Manthey K, Glanzer JG, Ashley AK, Amerin C, Troksa K, Shrivastav M, Nickoloff JA, Oakley GG, Nucleic Acids Res 2012 40 10780 10794 10.1093/nar/gks849 22977173
67. Replication-mediated DNA damage by camptothecin induces phosphorylation of RPA by DNA-dependent protein kinase and dissociates RPA:DNA-PK complexes. Shao RG, Cao CX, Zhang H, Kohn KW, Wold MS, Pommier Y, EMBO J 1999 18 1397 1406 10.1093/emboj/18.5.1397 10064605 (Pubitemid 29110323)
68. Sites of UV-induced phosphorylation of the p34 subunit of replication protein A from HeLa cells. Zernik-Kobak M, Vasunia K, Connelly M, Anderson CW, Dixon K, J Biol Chem 1997 272 23896 23904 10.1074/jbc.272.38.23896 9295339 (Pubitemid 27410971)
69. DNA-PK-dependent RPA2 hyperphosphorylation facilitates DNA repair and suppresses sister chromatid exchange. Liaw H, Lee D, Myung K, PLoS One 2011 6 21424 10.1371/journal.pone.0021424 21731742
70. DNA end joining becomes less efficient and more error-prone during cellular senescence. Seluanov A, Mittelman D, Pereira-Smith OM, Wilson JH, Gorbunova V, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 101 7624 7629 10.1073/pnas.0400726101 15123826 (Pubitemid 38658079)
71. The role of ATM in telomere structure and function. Pandita TK, Radiat Res 2001 156 642 647 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0642:TROAIT]2.0.CO;2 11604086 (Pubitemid 33027542)
72. Changes in expression of the DNA repair protein complex DNA-dependent protein kinase after ischemia and reperfusion. Shackelford DA, Tobaru T, Zhang S, Zivin JA, J Neurosci 1999 19 4727 4738 10366606 (Pubitemid 29270108)
73. DNA end joining activity is reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Shackelford DA, Neurobiol Aging 2006 27 596 605 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.009 15908050 (Pubitemid 43290528)
74. Is DNA repair compromised in Alzheimer's disease? Davydov V, Hansen LA, Shackelford DA, Neurobiol Aging 2003 24 953 968 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00229-4 12928056 (Pubitemid 36962982)
75. Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis. Zhu X, Raina AK, Perry G, Smith MA, Lancet Neurol 2004 3 219 226 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00707-0 15039034 (Pubitemid 38373660)
76. [Review of neuropathology in the past 10 years in China]. Liu DG, Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2005 34 550 552 Article in Chinese 16468302
77. p53 at the crossroads between cancer and neurodegeneration. Lanni C, Racchi M, Memo M, Govoni S, Uberti D, Free Radic Biol Med 2012 52 1727 1733 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.02.034 22387179
78. Structured DNA promotes phosphorylation of p53 by DNA-dependent protein kinase at serine 9 and threonine 18. Soubeyrand S, Schild-Poulter C, Hache RJ, Eur J Biochem 2004 271 3776 3784 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04319.x 15355354 (Pubitemid 39233619)
79. Complicating the complexity of p53. Yee KS, Vousden KH, Carcinogenesis 2005 26 1317 1322 10.1093/carcin/bgi122 15888490 (Pubitemid 41430092)
80. The DNA-PK catalytic subunit regulates Bax-mediated excitotoxic cell death by Ku70 phosphorylation. Liu J, Naegele JR, Lin SL, Brain Res 2009 1296 164 175 19664609
81. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK): More than just a case of making ends meet? Hill R, Lee PW, Cell Cycle 2010 9 3460 3469 10.4161/cc.9.17.13043 20855954
82. Sublethal doses of beta-amyloid peptide abrogate DNA-dependent protein kinase activity. Cardinale A, Racaniello M, Saladini S, De Chiara G, Mollinari C, de Stefano MC, Pocchiari M, Garaci E, Merlo D, J Biol Chem 2012 287 2618 2631 10.1074/jbc.M111.276550 22139836
83. Degradation of oxidized proteins in mammalian cells. Grune T, Reinheckel T, Davies KJ, FASEB J 1997 11 526 534 9212076 (Pubitemid 27274426)
84. Role of oxidative carbonylation in protein quality control and senescence. Nystrom T, EMBO J 2005 24 1311 1317 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600599 15775985 (Pubitemid 40593052)
85. Population variation in oxidative stress and astrocyte DNA damage in relation to Alzheimer-type pathology in the ageing brain. Simpson JE, Ince PG, Haynes LJ, Theaker R, Gelsthorpe C, Baxter L, Forster G, Lace GL, Shaw PJ, Matthews FE, Savva GM, Brayne C, Wharton SB, MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Neuropathology Study Group, Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010 36 25 40 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2009.01030.x 19422529
86. Characterization of the DNA-binding protein antigen Ku recognized by autoantibodies from patients with rheumatic disorders. Mimori T, Hardin JA, Steitz JA, J Biol Chem 1986 261 2274 2278 3511059 (Pubitemid 17205158)
87. Interactive competition between homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. Allen C, Halbrook J, Nickoloff JA, Mol Cancer Res 2003 1 913 920 14573792 (Pubitemid 37288709)
88. Ku DNA end-binding protein modulates homologous repair of double-strand breaks in mammalian cells. Pierce AJ, Hu P, Han M, Ellis N, Jasin M, Genes Dev 2001 15 3237 3242 10.1101/gad.946401 11751629 (Pubitemid 34008189)
89. Homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining repair pathways regulate fragile site stability. Schwartz M, Zlotorynski E, Goldberg M, Ozeri E, Rahat A, le Sage C, Chen BP, Chen DJ, Agami R, Kerem B, Genes Dev 2005 19 2715 2726 10.1101/gad.340905 16291645 (Pubitemid 41627938)
90. DNA ligase IV-deficient cells are more resistant to ionizing radiation in the absence of Ku70: implications for DNA double-strand break repair. Adachi N, Ishino T, Ishii Y, Takeda S, Koyama H, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 98 12109 12113 10.1073/pnas.201271098 11593023 (Pubitemid 32959835)
91. The embryonic lethality in DNA ligase IV-deficient mice is rescued by deletion of Ku: implications for unifying the heterogeneous phenotypes of NHEJ mutants. Karanjawala ZE, Adachi N, Irvine RA, Oh EK, Shibata D, Schwarz K, Hsieh CL, Lieber MR, DNA Repair (Amst) 2002 1 1017 1026 10.1016/S1568-7864(02)00151-9 12531011 (Pubitemid 35335827)
92. DNA-PK, ATM and ATR collaboratively regulate p53-RPA interaction to facilitate homologous recombination DNA repair. Serrano MA, Li Z, Dangeti M, Musich PR, Patrick S, Roginskaya M, Cartwright B, Zou Y, Oncogene 2012 22797063
93. Epigenetic silencing of nucleolar rRNA genes in Alzheimer's disease. Pietrzak M, Rempala G, Nelson PT, Zheng JJ, Hetman M, PLoS One 2011 6 22585 10.1371/journal.pone.0022585 21799908
94. The RNA polymerase I transcription machinery: an emerging target for the treatment of cancer. Drygin D, Rice WG, Grummt I, Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2010 50 131 156 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105844 20055700
95. Ku80 is required but not sufficient for Galpha13-mediated endodermal differentiation in P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Kanungo J, Wang HY, Malbon CC, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004 323 293 298 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.092 15351736 (Pubitemid 39200682)
96. The nucleolar transcription activator UBF relieves Ku antigen-mediated repression of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. Kuhn A, Stefanovsky V, Grummt I, Nucleic Acids Res 1993 21 2057 2063 10.1093/nar/21.9.2057 8502546 (Pubitemid 23160721)
97. DNA-dependent protein kinase specifically represses promoter-directed transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I. Labhart P, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92 2934 2938 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2934 7708751
98. Neuronal hypertrophy in asymptomatic Alzheimer disease. Iacono D, O'Brien R, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Pletnikova O, Rudow G, An Y, West MJ, Crain B, Troncoso JC, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2008 67 578 589 10.1097/NEN. 0b013e3181772794 18520776 (Pubitemid 351787084)