Complicating the complexity of p53

Carcinogenesis

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 1317-1322

  Yee, Karen S ^a   Vousden, Karen H ^a  

^a BEATSON INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; APOPTOTIC PROTEASE ACTIVATING FACTOR 1; BH3 PROTEIN; BIM PROTEIN; PROTEIN BAK; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL XL; PROTEIN BID; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; PROTEIN MCL 1; PROTEIN MDM2; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P53; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER THERAPY; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL AGING; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG TARGETING; GENE TARGETING; GENE THERAPY; HUMAN; MITOSIS INHIBITION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE; GENETICS; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM;

APOPTOSIS; GENES, P53; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53;

EID: 24644457314     PISSN: 01433334     EISSN: 14602180     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi122     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Hollstein,M., Rice,K., Greenblatt,M.S., Soussi,T., Fuchs,R., Sørlie,T., Hovig,E., Smith-Sørensen,B., Montesano,R. and Harris,C.C. (1994) Database of p53 gene somatic mutations in human tumors and cell lines. Nucleic Acids Res., 22, 3551-3555.
2. Olivier,M., Hussain,S.P., de Fromentel,C., Hainaut,P. and Harris,C.C. (2004) TP53 mutation spectra and load: A tool for generating hypotheses on the etiology of cancer. IARC Sci. Publ., 157, 247-270.
3. Vousden,K.H. and Lu,X. (2002) Live or let die: The cell's response to p53. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 594-604.
4. Meek,D.W. (2004) The p53 response to DNA damage. DNA Repair, 3 1049-1056.
5. Manfredi,J.J. (2003) p53 and apoptosis: It's not just in the nucleus anymore. Mol. Cell, 11, 552-554.
6. Sengupta,S. and Harris,C.C. (2005) p53: Traffic cop at the crossroads of DNA repair and recombination. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol., 6, 44-55.
7. Vogelstein,B., Lane,D. and Levine,A.J. (2000) Surfing the p53 network. Nature, 408, 307-310.
8. Hofseth,L.J., Hussain,S.P. and Harris,C.C. (2004) p53: 25 years after its discovery. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 25, 177-181.
9. Lowe,S.W., Cepero,E. and Evan,G. (2004) Intrinsic tumour suppression. Nature, 432, 307-315.
10. Polyak,K., Xia,Y., Zweier,J.L., Kinzler,K.W. and Vogelstein,B. (1997) A model for p53-induced apoptosis. Nature, 389, 300-305.
11. Yu,J., Zhang,L., Hwang,P.M., Rago,C., Kinzler,K. and Vogelstein,B. (1999) Identification and classification of p53-regulated genes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 14517-14522.
12. Zhao,R., Gish,K., Murphy,M., Yin,Y., Notterman,D., Hoffman,W.H., Tom,E., Mack,D.H. and Levine,A.J. (2000) Analysis of p53-regulated gene expression patterns using oligonucleotide arrays. Genes Dev., 14, 981-993.
13. Brugarolas,J., Chandrasekaran,C., Gordon,J.I., Beach,D., Jacks,T. and Hannon,G.J. (1995) Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest compromised by p21 deficiency. Nature, 377, 552-556.
14. CIP1/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control. Cell, 82, 675-684.
15. Nakano,K. and Vousden,K.H. (2001) PUMA, a novel pro-apoptotic gene, is induced by p53. Mol. Cell, 7, 683-694.
16. Yu,J., Zhang,L., Hwang,P.M., Kinzler,K.W. and Vogelstein,B. (2001) PUMA induces the rapid apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol. Cell, 7, 673-682.
17. Jeffers,J.R., Parganas,E., Lee,Y. et al. (2003) Puma is an essential mediator of p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Cancer Cell, 4, 321-3238.
18. Villunger,A., Michalak,E.M., Coultas,L., Mullauer,F., Bock,G., Ausserlechner,M.J., Adams,J.M. and Strasser,A. (2003) p53- and drug-induced apoptotic responses mediated by BH3-only proteins puma and noxa. Science, 302, 1036-1038.
19. Hemann,M.T., Zilfou,J.T., Zhao,Z., Burgess,D.J., Hannon,G.L. and Lowe,S.W. (2004) Suppression of tumorigenesis by the p53 target PUMA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 9333-9338.
20. Shibue,T., Takeda,K., Oda,E., Tanaka,H., Murasawa,H., Takaoka,A., Morishita,Y., Akira,S., Taniguchi,T. and Tanaka,N. (2003) Integral role of Noxa in p53-mediated apoptotic response. Genes Dev., 17, 2233-2238.
21. Ryan,K.M. and Vousden,K.H. (1998) Characterization of structural p53 mutants which show selective defects in apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest. Mol. Cell. Biol., 18, 3692-3698.
22. Murphy,M., Ahn,J., Walker,K.K., Hoffman,W.H., Evans,R.M., Levine,A.J. and George,D.L. (1999) Transcriptional repression by wild-type p53 utilizes histone deacetylases, mediated by interaction with mSin3a. Genes Dev., 13, 2490-2501.
23. Kho,P.S., Wang,Z., Zhuang,L., Li,Y., Chew,J.L., Ng,H.H., Liu,E.T. and Yu,Q. (2004) p53-regulated transcriptional program associated with genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 21183-21192.
24. Caelles,C., Helmberg,A. and Karin,M. (1994) p53-dependent apoptosis in the absence of transcriptional activation of p53-target genes. Nature 370, 220-223.
25. waf1/cip1. Genes Dev., 8, 2817-2830.
26. Haupt,Y., Rowan,S., Shaulian,E., Vousden,K.H. and Oren,M. (1995) Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by trans-activation deficient p53. Genes Dev., 9, 2170-2183.
27. Chen,X., Ko,L.J., Jayaraman,L. and Prives,C. (1996) p53 levels, functional domains, and DNA damage determine the extent of the apoptotic response of tumor cells. Genes Dev., 10, 2438-2451.
28. Cory,S. and Adams,J.M. (2002) The Bcl2 family: Regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2, 647-656.
29. Chittenden,T. (2002) BH3 domains: Intracellular death-ligands critical for initiating apoptosis. Cancer Cell, 2, 165-166.
30. Letai,K., Bassik,M.C., Walensky,L.D., Sorcinelli,M.D., Weiler,S. and Korsmeyer,S.J. (2002) Distinctive BH3 domains either sensitize or activate mitochondrial apoptosis, serving as prototype cancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell, 2, 183-192.
31. Mihara,M., Erster,S., Zaika,A., Petrenko,O., Chittenden,T., Pancoska,P. and Moll,U.M. (2003) p53 has a direct apoptogenic role at the mitochondria. Mol. Cell, 11, 577-590.
32. Chipuk,J.E., Kuwana,T., Bouchier-Hayes,L., Droin,N.M., Newmeyer,D.D., Schuler,M. and Green,D.R. (2004) Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization an apoptosis. Science, 303, 1010-1014.
33. Leu,J.I., Dumont,P., Hafey,M., Murphy,M.P. and George,D.L. (2004) Mitochondrial p53 activates Bak and causes disruption of a Bak-Mcl1 complex. Nature Cell Biol., 6, 443-450.
34. Erster,S., Mihara,M., Kim,R.H., Petrenko,O. and Moll,U.M. (2004) In vivo mitochrondrial p53 translocation triggers a rapid first wave of cell death in response to DNA damage that can precede p53 target gene activation. Mol. Cell Biol., 24, 6728-6741.
35. Schuler,M. and Green,D.R. (2005) Transcription, apoptosis and p53: catch-22. Trends Genet., 21, 182-187.
36. Chen,L., Willis,S.N., Wei,A., Smith,B.J., Fletcher,J.I., Hinds,M.G., Colman,P.M., Day,C.L., Adams,J.M. and Huang,D.C. (2005) Differential targeting of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins by their BH3-only ligands allows complementary apoptotic function. Mol. Cell, 17, 393-403.
37. Kuwana,T., Bouchier-Hayes,L., Chipuk,J.E., Bonzon,C., Sullivan,B.A., Green,D.R. and Newmeyer,D.D. (2005) BH3 domains of BH3-only proteins differentially regulate Bax-mediated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization both directly and indirectly. Mol. Cell, 17 525-535.
38. Bond,G.L., Hu,W. and Levine,A.J. (2005) MDM2 is a central node in the p53 pathway: 12 years and counting. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 5, 3-8.
39. Minsky,N. and Oren,M. (2004) The RING domain of Mdm2 mediates histone ubiquitylation and transcriptional repression. Mol. Cell, 16 631-639.
40. Boyd,S.D., Tsai,K.Y. and Jacks,T. (2000) An intact HDM2 RING-finger domain is required for nuclear exclusion of p53. Nat. Cell Biol., 2, 563-568.
41. Geyer,R.K., Yu,Z.K. and Maki,C.G. (2000) The MDM2 RING-finger domain is required to promote p53 nuclear export. Nat. Cell Biol., 2, 569-573.
42. Lohrum,M.A.E., Woods,D.B., Ludwig,R.L., Bálint,E. and Vousden,K.H. (2001) C-terminal ubiquitination of p53 contributes to nuclear export. Mol. Cell Biol., 21, 8521-8532.
43. Li,M., Brooks,C.L., Wu-Baer,F., Chen,D., Baer,R. and Gu,W. (2003) Mono-versus polyubiquitination: Differential control of p53 fate by Mdm2. Science, 302, 1972-1975.
44. Dumont,P., Leu,J.I., Della Pietra,A.C., George,D.L. and Murphy,M.P. (2003) The codon 72 polymorphic variants of p53 have markedly different apoptotic potential. Nat. Genet., 33, 357-365.
45. Chao,C., Saito,S., Kang,J., Anderson,C.W., Appella,E. and Xu,Y. (2000) p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53-dependent apoptosis following DNA damage. EMBO J., 19, 4967-4975.
46. Jimenez,G.S., Nister,M., Stommel,J.M., Beeche,M., Barcarse,E.A., Zhang,X.-Q., O'Gorman,S. and Wahl,G. (2000) A transactivation-deficient mouse model provides insights into Trp53 regulation and function. Nat. Genet., 26, 37-41.
47. Nister,M., Tang,M., Zhang,X.Q., Yin,C., Beeche,M., Hu,X., Enblad,G., Van Dyke,T. and Wahl,G.M. (2005) p53 must be competent for transcriptional regulation to suppress tumor formation. Oncogene, 24, 3563-3573.
48. Wang,X.W. (1999) Role of p53 and apoptosis in carcinogenesis. Anticancer Res., 19, 4759-4771.
49. Fridman,S.J. and Lowe,S.W. (2003) Control of apoptosis by p53. Oncogene, 22, 9030-9040.
50. Schmitt,C.A., Fridman,S.J., Yang,M., Baranov,E., Hoffman,R.M. and Lowe,S.W. (2002) Dissecting p53 tumor suppressor functions in vivo. Cancer Cell, 1, 289-298.
51. Soengas,M.S., Alarcon,R.M., Yoshida,H., Giaccia,A.J., Hakem,R., Mak,T.W. and Lowe,S.W. (1999) Apaf-1 and caspase-9 in p53-dependent apoptosis and tumor inhibition. Science, 284, 156-9.
52. Martin-Caballero,J., Flores,J.M., Garcia-Palencia,P. and Serrano,M. (2001) Tumor susceptibility of p21 (Waf1/Cip1)-deficicent mice. Cancer Res., 61, 6234-6238.
53. Liu,S., Bishop,W.R. and Liu,M. (2003) Differential effects of cell cycle regulatory protien p21 (WAF1/Cip1) on apoptosis and sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy. Drug Resist. Updat., 6, 183-195.
54. Rowan,S., Ludwig,R.L., Haupt,Y., Bates,S., Lu,X., Oren,M. and Vousden,K.H. (1996) Specific loss of apoptotic but not cell cycle arrest function in a human tumour derived p53 mutant. EMBO J., 15, 827-838.
55. Crook,T., Marston,N.J., Sara,E.A. and Vousden,K.H. (1994) Transcriptional activation by p53 correlates with suppression of growth but not transformation. Cell, 79, 817-827.
56. Liu,G., Parant,J.M., Lang,G., Chau,P., Chavez-Reyes,A., El-Naggar,A.K., Multani,A., Chang,S. and Lozano,G. (2004) Chromosomal stability, in the absence of apoptosis, is critical for suppression of tumorigenesis in Trp53 mutant mice. Nat. Genet., 36, 63-68.
57. Campisi,J. (2005) Senescent cells, tumor suppression, and organismal aging: Good citizens, bad neighbors. Cell, 120, 513-522.
58. Weiss,R.H. (2003) p21Waf1/Cip1 as a therapeutic target in breast and other cancers. Cancer Cell, 4, 425-429.
59. Edelman,J., Edelman,J. and Nemunaitis,J. (2003) Adenoviral p53 gene therapy in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck region. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther., 5, 611-617.
60. Wang,W., Rastinejad,F. and El-Deiry,W.S. (2003) Restoring p53-dependent tumor suppression. Cancer Biol. Ther., 2, S55-63.
61. Bykov,V.J. and Wiman,K.G. (2003) Novel cancer therapy by reactivation of the p53 apoptosis pathway. Ann. Med., 35, 458-465.
62. Klein,C. and Vassilev,L.T. (2004) Targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction to treat cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 91, 1415-1419.
63. Vassilev,L.T., Vu,B.T., Graves,B., Carvajal,D., Podlaski,F., Filipovic,Z., King,N., Kammlott,U., Lukacs,C., Klein,C., Fotouhi,N. and Liu,E.A. (2004) In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecular antagonists of MDM2. Science, 303, 844-848.
64. Zhang,R., Wang,H. and Agrawal,S. (2005) Novel antisense anti-MDM2 mixed-backbone oligonuceotides: Proof of principal, in vitro and in vivo activities, and mechanisms. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 5, 43-49.
65. Yang,Y., Ludwig,R.L., Jensens,J.P., Pierre,S., Medaglia,M.V., Davydov,I., Safiran,Y.J., Oberoi,P., Kenten,J., Phillips,A.C., Weissman,A.M. and Vousden,K.H. (2005) Small molecule inhibitors of HDM2 ubiquitin ligase activity stabilize and activate p53 in cells. Cancer Cell, 7, 547-559.