Spices and energy balance

Physiology and Behavior

Volumn 107, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 584-590

  Mattes, Richard D ^a  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Body weight; Energy intake; Flavor; Food; Seasoning; Taste

Indexed keywords

FLAVORING AGENT;

AGING; APPETITE; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CALORIC INTAKE; CINNAMON; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECREASED APPETITE; ENERGY BALANCE; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FLAVOR; GINGER; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; OXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SPICE; SWEET PEPPER; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

BODY WEIGHT; CAPSICUM; CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM; CROCUS; DIET, REDUCING; ENERGY INTAKE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD PREFERENCES; GINGER; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; SPICES; TASTE; TASTE PERCEPTION;

EID: 84870672753     PISSN: 00319384     EISSN: 1873507X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.028     Document Type: Article

References (143)

1. IFIC Food and health survey 2011 2011, http://www.foodinsight.org/Resources/Detail.aspx?topic=2007_Consumer_Attitudes_toward_Functional_Foods_Foods_for_Health_Executive_Summary.
2. Glanz K., Basil M., Maibach E., Goldberg J., Snyder D. Why Americans eat what they do: taste, nutrition, cost, convenience, and weight control concerns as influences on food consumption. J Am Diet Assoc 1998, 98:1118-1126.
3. USDA. Food CPI & Expenditures:Table7. http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/CPIFoodAndExpenditures/Data/Expenditures_tables/table7.htm.
4. Angeline J. Man and food. Flavor: its chemical, behavioral, and commercial aspects 1978, 197-205. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. L. Sjostrom, C. Apt, A. Little (Eds.).
5. Rozin P. The use of characteristic flavoring in human culinary practice. Flavor, its chemical, behavioral, and commercial aspects 1978, 101-121. Westview, Boulder, CO. L. Sjostrom, C. Apt, A. Little (Eds.).
6. Pliner P. The effects of mere exposure on liking for edible substances. Appetite 1982, 3:283-290.
7. Birch L.L., Marlin D.W. I don't like it; I never tried it: effects of exposure on two-year-old children's food preferences. Appetite 1982, 3:353-360.
8. Pliner P., Pelchat M., Grabski M. Reduction of neophobia in humans by exposure to novel foods. Appetite 1993, 20:111-123.
9. Backstrom A., Pirttila-Backman A.M., Tuorila H. Dimensions of novelty: a social representation approach to new foods. Appetite 2003, 40:299-307.
10. Pliner P., Stallberg-White C. "Pass the ketchup, please": familiar flavors increase children's willingness to taste novel foods. Appetite 2000, 34:95-103.
11. Sullivan S.A., Birch L.L. Infant dietary experience and acceptance of solid foods. Pediatrics 1994, 93:271-277.
12. Wardle J., Cooke L.J., Gibson E.L., Sapochnik M., Sheiham A., Lawson M. Increasing children's acceptance of vegetables; a randomized trial of parent-led exposure. Appetite 2003, 40:155-162.
13. Stein L.J., Nagai H., Nakagawa M., Beauchamp G.K. Effects of repeated exposure and health-related information on hedonic evaluation and acceptance of a bitter beverage. Appetite 2003, 40:119-129.
14. Jerome N. Diet and acculturation: the case of Black-American immigrants. Nutritional anthropology. Contempory approaches to diet and culture 1980, 275-325. Redgrave, Pleasantville, NY. N. Jerome, R. Kandel, G. Pelto (Eds.).
15. Terry R., Bass M. Food practices of families in eastern Cherokee township. Ecol Food Nutr 1984, 14:63-70.
16. Yang G.I., Fox H.M. Food habit changes of Chinese persons living in Lincoln, Nebraska. J Am Diet Assoc 1979, 75:420-424.
17. Dacosta K.O., Wilson J.F. Food preferences and eating attitudes in three generations of black and white women. Appetite 1996, 27:183-191.
18. McAlister L., Pessemier E. Variety seeking behavior: an interdisciplinary review. J Consumer Res 1982, 9:311-322.
19. Van Trijp H., Steenkamp J.-B. Consumers' variety seeking tendency with respect to foods: measurement and managerial implications. Eur Rev Agric Econ 1992, 19:181-195.
20. Mintel almrc Americans dish on ethnic fare. Mintel Oxygen Reports 2009.
21. Geisler M. Ethnic foods market profile 2011.
22. Yeomans M.R. Palatability and the micro-structure of feeding in humans: the appetizer effect. Appetite 1996, 27:119-133.
23. De Castro J.M. Palatability and intake relationships in free-living humans: characterization and independence of influence in North Americans. Physiol Behav 2000, 70:343-350.
24. Egecioglu E, Skibicka KP, Hansson C, Alvarez-Crespo M, Friberg PA, Jerlhag E, et al. Hedonic and incentive signals for body weight control. Rev Endocr Metab Disord;12:141-51.
25. Rolls B.J. Sensory-specific satiety. Nutrition Rev 1986, 44:93-101.
26. Hetherington M.M., Bell A., Rolls B.J. Effects of repeat consumption on pleasantness, preference and intake. Brit Food J 2000, 102:507-521.
27. Warwick Z.S., Hall W.G., Pappas T.N., Schiffman S.S. Taste and smell sensations enhance the satiating effect of both a high-carbohydrate and a high-fat meal in humans. Physiol Behav 1993, 53:553-563.
28. Hill A.J., Magson L.D., Blundell J.E. Hunger and palatability: tracking ratings of subjective experience before, during and after the consumption of preferred and less preferred food. Appetite 1984, 5:361-371.
29. Best R.L., Appleton K.M. Comparable increases in energy, protein and fat intakes following the addition of seasonings and sauces to an older person's meal. Appetite 2011, 56:179-182.
30. Mattes R.D. Innate and acquired taste preferences for the macronutrients and salt. 8th International Congress on Obesity 1999, 173-185. John Libbey & Company. B. Guy Grand, G. Ailhaud (Eds.).
31. Yeomans M. Understanding individual differences in acquired flavour liking in humans. Chem Percept 2010, 3:34-41.
32. Randall E., Sanjur D. Food preferences - their conceptualization and relationship to consumption. Ecol Food Nutr 1981, 11:151-161.
33. Mattes R.D. Prevention of food aversions in cancer patients during treatment. Nutr Cancer 1994, 21:13-24.
34. Zafra M.A., Molina F., Puerto A. The neural/cephalic phase reflexes in the physiology of nutrition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006, 30:1032-1044.
35. Power M.L., Schulkin J. Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: cephalic phase responses. Appetite 2008, 50:194-206.
36. Wisen O., Bjorvell H., Cantor P., Johansson C., Theodorsson E. Plasma concentrations of regulatory peptides in obesity following modified sham feeding (MSF) and a liquid test meal. Regul Peptides 1992, 39:43-54.
37. Heath R.B., Jones R., Frayn K.N., Robertson M.D. Vagal stimulation exaggerates the inhibitory ghrelin response to oral fat in humans. J Endocrinol 2004, 180:273-281.
38. Woods S.C. The control of food intake: behavioral versus molecular perspectives. Cell Metab 2009, 9:489-498.
39. Mandalari G., Nueno-Palop C., Bisignano G., Wickham M.S., Narbad A. Potential prebiotic properties of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) seeds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008, 74:4264-4270.
40. Shan B., Cai Y.Z., Sun M., Corke H. Antioxidant capacity of 26 spice extracts and characterization of their phenolic constituents. J Agric Food Chem 2005, 53:7749-7759.
41. Cooper S., Owen-Smith M. Condensed tannins deter feeding by browing ruminants in a South Aftican savanna. Oecologia 1985, 67:142.
42. Fujita Y., Wideman R.D., Speck M., Asadi A., King D.S., Webber T.D., et al. Incretin release from gut is acutely enhanced by sugar but not by sweeteners in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009, 296:E473-E479.
43. Jang H.J., Kokrashvili Z., Theodorakis M.J., Carlson O.D., Kim B.J., Zhou J., et al. Gut-expressed gustducin and taste receptors regulate secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:15069-15074.
44. Kokrashvili Z., Mosinger B., Margolskee R.F. Taste signaling elements expressed in gut enteroendocrine cells regulate nutrient-responsive secretion of gut hormones. Amer J Clin Nutr 2009, 90:822S-825S.
45. Mace O.J., Affleck J., Patel N., Kellett G.L. Sweet taste receptors in rat small intestine stimulate glucose absorption through apical GLUT2. J Physiol 2007, 582:379-392.
46. Ludy M.J., Moore G.E., Mattes R.D. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analysis of studies in humans. Chem Senses 2012, 37:103-121.
47. Ludy M.J., Mattes R.D. The effects of hedonically acceptable red pepper doses on thermogenesis and appetite. Physiol Behav 2011, 102:251-258.
48. LeBlanc J., Brondel L. Role of palatability on meal-induced thermogenesis in human subjects. Am J Physiol 1985, 248:E333-E336.
49. Schebendach J.E., Mayer L.E., Devlin M.J., Attia E., Contento I.R., Wolf R.L., Walsh B.T. Dietary energy density and diet variety as predictors of outcome in anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:810-816.
50. Mela D.J. Eating for pleasure or just wanting to eat? Reconsidering sensory hedonic responses as a driver of obesity. Appetite 2006, 47:10-17.
51. Pelchat M.L., Schaefer S. Dietary monotony and food cravings in young and elderly adults. Physiol Behav 2000, 68:353-359.
52. Hirsch E.S., Matthew Kramer F., Meiselman H.L. Effects of food attributes and feeding environment on acceptance, consumption and body weight: lessons learned in a twenty year program of military ration research US Army Research (Part 2). Appetite 2005, 44:33-45.
53. Cabanac M., Rabe E.F. Influence of a monotonous food on body weight regulation in humans. Physiol Behav 1976, 17:675-678.
54. Astrup A., Meinert Larsen T., Harper A. Atkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?. Lancet 2004, 364:897-899.
55. Foster G.D., Wyatt H.R., Hill J.O., McGuckin B.G., Brill C., Mohammed B.S., et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. New Eng J Med 2003, 348:2082-2090.
56. Fowler S.P., Williams K., Resendez R.G., Hunt K.J., Hazuda H.P., Stern M.P. Fueling the obesity epidemic? Artificially sweetened beverage use and long-term weight gain. Obesity 2008, 16:1900-1984.
57. Swithers S.E., Martin A.A., Davidson T.L. High-intensity sweeteners and energy balance. Physiol Behav 2010, 100:55-62.
58. Roberts S.B., Pi-Sunyer F.X., Dreher M., Hahn R., Hill J.O., Kleinman R.E., Peters J.C., Ravussin E., Rolls B.J., Yetley E., Booth S.L. Physiology of fat replacement and fat reduction: effects of dietary fat and fat substitutes on energy regulation. Nutr Reviews 1998, 56:S29-S41.
59. Mattes R.D., Popkin B.M. Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89:1-14.
60. Mattes R.D., Cowart B.J. Dietary assessment of patients with chemosensory disorders. J Am Diet Assoc 1994, 94:50-56.
61. Kim W., Hur M., Cho M., Lee H. Effect of olfactory function on nutritional status of Korean elderly women. Nutr Res 2003, 23:723-734.
62. Mattes R.D. Feeding behaviors and weight loss outcomes over 64 months. Eating Behav 2002, 3:191-204.
63. Schiffman S.S., Warwick Z.S. Effect of flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly on nutritional status: food intake, biochemical indices, and anthropometric measures. Physiol Behav 1993, 53:395-402.
64. Ship J.A., Pearson J.D., Cruise L.J., Brant L.J., Metter E.J. Longitudinal changes in smell identification. J Gerontol 1996, 51A:M86-M91.
65. Murphy C., Schubert C.R., Cruickshanks K.J., Klein B.E., Klein R., Nondahl D.M. Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults. JAMA 2002, 288:2307-2312.
66. de Jong N., Mulder I., de Graaf C., van Staveren W.A. Impaired sensory functioning in elders: the relation with its potential determinants and nutritional intake. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999, 54:B324-B331.
67. Mojet J., Heidema J., Christ-Hazelhof E. Taste perception with age: generic or specific losses in supra-threshold intensities of five taste qualities?. Chem Senses 2003, 28:397-413.
68. Kremer S., Bult J.H., Mojet J., Kroeze J.H. Food perception with age and its relationship to pleasantness. Chem Senses 2007, 32:591-602.
69. Kremer S., Bult J.H., Mojet J., Kroeze J.H. Compensation for age-associated chemosensory losses and its effect on the pleasantness of a custard dessert and a tomato drink. Appetite 2007, 48:96-103.
70. Koskinen S., Kalviainen N., Tuorila H. Flavor enhancement as a tool for increasing pleasantness and intake of a snack product among the elderly. Appetite 2003, 41:87-96.
71. Schiffman S.S., Warwick Z.S. Flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly can reverse anorexia. Neurobiol Aging 1988, 9:24-26.
72. McCutcheon N.B., Tennissen A.M. Hunger and appetitive factors during total parenteral nutrition. Appetite 1989, 13:129-141.
73. Schiffman S.S., Warwick Z. Use of flavor-amplified foods to improve nutritional status in elderly persons. Nutrition and the chemical senses in aging: recent advances and current research needs 1989, 267-276. The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, New York. C. Murphy, W. Cain, D. Hegsted (Eds.).
74. de Graaf C., van Staveren W., Burema J. Psychophysical and psychohedonic functions of four common food flavours in elderly subjects. Chem Senses 1996, 21:293-302.
75. Griep M.I., Mets T.F., Massart D.L. Effects of flavour amplification of Quorn and yoghurt on food preference and consumption in relation to age, BMI and odour perception. Brit J Nutr 2000, 83:105-113.
76. Henry C.J., Woo J., Lightowler H.J., Yip R., Lee R., Hui E., et al. Use of natural food flavours to increase food and nutrient intakes in hospitalized elderly in Hong Kong. Inter J Food Sci Nutr 2003, 54:321-327.
77. Rogers P.J., Blundell J.E. Umami and appetite: effects of monosodium glutamate on hunger and food intake in human subjects. Physiol Behav 1990, 48:801-804.
78. Bellisle F., McDevitt R., Prentice A.M. Meal frequency and energy balance. Brit J Nutr 1997, 77(Suppl. 1):S57-S70.
79. Schiffman S.S., Warwick Z.S. Effect of flavor enhancement of foods for the elderly on nutritional status: food intake, biochemical indices, and anthropometric measures. Physiol Behav 1993, 53:395-402.
80. Mathey M.F., Siebelink E., de Graaf C., Van Staveren W.A. Flavor enhancement of food improves dietary intake and nutritional status of elderly nursing home residents. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001, 56:M200-M205.
81. Essed N.H., van Staveren W.A., Kok F.J., de Graaf C. No effect of 16 weeks flavor enhancement on dietary intake and nutritional status of nursing home elderly. Appetite 2007, 48:29-36.
82. Cassens D., Johnson E., Keelan S. Enhancing taste, texture, appearance, and presentation of pureed food improved resident quality of life and weight status. Nutr Rev 1996, 54:S51-S54.
83. Ship J.A., Weiffenbach J.M. Age, gender, medical treatment, and medication effects on smell identification. J Gerontol 1993, 48:M26-M32.
84. Griep M. Food odour thresholds in relation with age, nutritional and health status. J Gerontol 1995, 50B:B407-B414.
85. Phillips S., Hutchinson S., Ruggier R. Zingiber officinale does not affect gastric emptying rate. A randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Anaesthesia 1993, 48:393-395.
86. Schiffman S., Covey E. Changes in taste and smell with age: nutritional aspects 1984, Raven Press, New York. J. Ordy, D. Harman, R. Alfin-Slater (Eds.).
87. Salihu H.M., Bonnema S.M., Alio A.P. Obesity: what is an elderly population growing into?. Maturitas 2009, 63:7-12.
88. Sorensen L.B., Moller P., Flint A., Martens M., Raben A. Effect of sensory perception of foods on appetite and food intake: a review of studies on humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003, 27:1152-1166.
89. Vanschoonbeek K., Thomassen B.J., Senden J.M., Wodzig W.K., van Loon L.J. Cinnamon supplementation does not improve glycemic control in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes patients. J Nutr 2006, 136:977-980.
90. Khan A., Safdar M., Ali Khan M.M., Khattak K.N., Anderson R.A. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:3215-3218.
91. Mang B., Wolters M., Schmitt B., Kelb K., Lichtinghagen R., Stichtenoth D.O., Hahn A. Effects of a cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, HbA, and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2. Eur J Clin Invest 2006, 36:340-344.
92. Hlebowicz J., Darwiche G., Bjorgell O., Almer L.O. Effect of cinnamon on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, and satiety in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:1552-1556.
93. Solomon T.P., Blannin A.K. Changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 2 weeks of daily cinnamon ingestion in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009, 105:969-976.
94. Khan R., Khan Z., Shah S. Cinnamon may reduce glucose, lipid and cholesterol level in type 2 diabetic individuals. Pakistan J Nutr 2010, 9:430-433.
95. Ziegenfuss T.N., Hofheins J.E., Mendel R.W., Landis J., Anderson R.A. Effects of a water soluble cinnamon extract on body composition and features of the metabolic syndrome in pre-diabetic men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2006, 3:45-53.
96. Chapman I.M., Goble E.A., Wittert G.A., Morley J.E., Horowitz M. Effect of intravenous glucose and euglycemic insulin infusions on short-term appetite and food intake. Am J Physiol 1998, 274:R596-R603.
97. Hlebowicz J., Hlebowicz A., Lindstedt S., Bjorgell O., Hoglund P., Holst J.J., Darwiche G., Almer L.O. Effects of 1 and 3 g cinnamon on gastric emptying, satiety, and postprandial blood glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and ghrelin concentrations in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89:815-821.
98. Ghayur M.N., Gilani A.H. Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of ginger in gastrointestinal disorders. Dig Dis Sci 2005, 50:1889-1897.
99. Smith C., Crowther C., Willson K., Hotham N., McMillian V. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004, 103:639-645.
100. Chaiyakunapruk N., Kitikannakorn N., Nathisuwan S., Leeprakobboon K., Leelasettagool C. The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006, 194:95-99.
101. Stewart J.J., Wood M.J., Wood C.D., Mims M.E. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991, 42:111-120.
102. Wu K.L., Rayner C.K., Chuah S.K., Changchien C.S., Lu S.N., Chiu Y.C., et al. Effects of ginger on gastric emptying and motility in healthy humans. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 20:436-440.
103. Hu M.L., Rayner C.K., Wu K.L., Chuah S.K., Tai W.C., Chou Y.P., et al. Effect of ginger on gastric motility and symptoms of functional dyspepsia. World J Gastroenterol 2011, 17:105-110.
104. Hveem K., Jones K.L., Chatterton B.E., Horowitz M. Scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying and ultrasonographic assessment of antral area: relation to appetite. Gut 1996, 38:816-821.
105. Kaplan J.M., Siemers W., Grill H.J. Effect of oral versus gastric delivery on gastric emptying of corn oil emulsions. Am J Physiol 1997, 273:R1263-R1270.
106. Cecil J.E., Francis J., Read N.W. Comparison of the effects of a high-fat and high carbohydrate soup delivered orally and intragastrically on gastric emptying, appetite, and eating behaviour. Physiol Behav 1999, 67:299-306.
107. Enc F.Y., Imeryuz N., Akin L., Turoglu T., Dede F., Haklar G., et al. Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001, 281:G752-G763.
108. Feinle C., Grundy D., Read N.W. Effects of duodenal nutrients on sensory and motor responses of the human stomach to distension. Am J Physiol 1997, 273:G721-G726.
109. Kissileff H.R., Carretta J.C., Geliebter A., Pi-Sunyer F.X. Cholecystokinin and stomach distension combine to reduce food intake in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003, 285:R992-R998.
110. Blom W.A., Lluch A., Vinoy S., Stafleu A., van den Berg R., Holst J.J., et al. Effects of gastric emptying on the postprandial ghrelin response. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006, 290:E389-E395.
111. Robertson M.D., Mason A.O., Frayn K.N. Timing of vagal stimulation affects postprandial lipid metabolism in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2002, 76:71-77.
112. Eldershaw T.P., Colquhoun E.Q., Dora K.A., Peng Z.C., Clark M.G. Pungent principles of ginger (Zingiber officinale) are thermogenic in the perfused rat hindlimb. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992, 16:755-763.
113. Henry C.J., Piggott S.M. Effect of ginger on metabolic rate. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1987, 41:89-92.
114. Reinbach H., Martinussen T., Moller P. Effects of hot spices on energy intake, appetite and sensory specific desires in humans. Food Quality and Preference 2010, 21:655-661.
115. Rozin P., Schiller D. The nature and acquisition of a preference for chili pepper by humans. Motiv Emotion 1980, 4:77-101.
116. Yamamoto S., Matsumoto T., Nawata E. Capsicum use in Cambodia: the Continental Region of Southeast Asia is not related to the dispersal route of C. frutescens in the Ryukyu Islands. Economic Botany 2011, 65:27-43.
117. Lopez-Carrillo L., Lopez-Cervantes M., Robles-Diaz G., Ramirez-Espitia A., Mohar Betancourt A., Meneses-Garcia A., et al. Capsaicin consumption, Helicobacter pylori positivity and gastric cancer in Mexico. Int J Cancer 2003, 106:277-282.
118. Smiciklas-Wright H., Mitchell D., Mickle S., Cook A., Goldman J.D. Foods commonly eaten in the United States: quantities consumed per eating occasion and in a day, 1994-1996. US Department of Agriculture NFS Report No. 96-5 2002.
119. Cowart B. Oral chemical irritation: does it reduce perceived taste intensity?. Chem Senses 1987, 12:467-479.
120. Lawless H., Rozin P., Shenker J. Effects of oral capsaicin on gustatory, olfactory, and irritant sensations and flavor identification in humans who regularly or rarely consume chili pepper. Chem Senses 1985, 10:579-589.
121. Stevenson R.J., Prescott J. The effects of prior experience with capsaicin on ratings of its burn. Chem Senses 1994, 19:651-656.
122. Stevenson R.J., Yeomans M.R. Differences in ratings of intensity and pleasantness for the capsaicin burn between chili likers and non-likers: implications for liking development. Chem Senses 1993, 18:471-482.
123. Westerterp-Plantenga M., Diepvens K., Joosen A.M., Berube-Parent S., Tremblay A. Metabolic effects of spices, teas, and caffeine. Physiol Behav 2006, 89:85-91.
124. Astrup A., Kristensen M., Gregersen N.T., Belza A., Lorenzen J.K., Due A., Larsen T.M. Can bioactive foods affect obesity?. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010, 1190:25-41.
125. Hachiya S., Kawabata F., Ohnuki K., Inoue N., Yoneda H., Yazawa S., Fushiki T. Effects of CH-19 Sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, on sympathetic nervous activity, body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure in humans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007, 71:671-676.
126. Lim K., Yoshioka M., Kikuzato S., Kiyonaga A., Tanaka H., Shindo M. Dietary red pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during exercise in runners. Med Sci Sport Exer 1997, 29:355-361.
127. Yoshioka M., St-Pierre S., Suzuki M., Tremblay A. Effects of red pepper added to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in Japanese women. Brit J Nutr 1998, 80:503-510.
128. Matsumoto T., Miyawaki C., Ue H., Yuasa T., Miyatsuji A., Moritani T. Effects of capsaicin containing yellow curry sauce on sympathetic nervous system activity and diet-induced thermogenesis in lean and obese young women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2000, 46:309-315.
129. Yoshioka M., Imanaga M., Ueyama H., Yamane M., Kubo Y., Boivin A., et al. Maximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouth. Brit J Nutr 2004, 91:991-995.
130. Lejeune M.P., Kovacs E.M., Westerterp-Plantenga M.S. Effect of capsaicin on substrate oxidation and weight maintenance after modest body-weight loss in human subjects. Brit J Nutr 2003, 90:651-659.
131. Yoshioka M., Lim K., Kikuzato S., Kiyonaga A., Tanaka H., Shindo M., Suzuki M. Effects of red-pepper diet on the energy metabolism in men. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995, 41:647-656.
132. Galgani J.E., Ravussin E. Effect of dihydrocapsiate on resting metabolic rate in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 92:1089-1093.
133. Galgani J.E., Ryan D.H., Ravussin E. Effect of capsinoids on energy metabolism in human subjects. Brit J Nutr 2010, 103:38-42.
134. Ohnuki K., Haramizu S., Oki K., Watanabe T., Yazawa S., Fushiki T. Administration of capsiate, a non-pungent capsaicin analog, promotes energy metabolism and suppresses body fat accumulation in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001, 65:2735-2740.
135. Smeets A.J., Lejeune M.P., Westerterp-Plantenga M.S. Effects of oral fat perception by modified sham feeding on energy expenditure, hormones and appetite profile in the postprandial state. Brit J Nutr 2009, 101:1360-1368.
136. Ahuja K.D., Robertson I.K., Geraghty D.P., Ball M.J. The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans. Euro J Clin Nutr 2007, 61:326-333.
137. Wantanabe T., Kawada T., Kato T., Harada T., Iwai K. Effects of capsaicin analogs on adrenal catecholamine secretion in rats. Life Sci 1994, 54:369-374.
138. Westerterp-Plantenga M.S., Smeets A., Lejeune M.P. Sensory and gastrointestinal satiety effects of capsaicin on food intake. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005, 29:682-688.
139. Yoshioka M., St-Pierre S., Drapeau V., Doucet E., Dionne I., Suzuki M., Tremblay A. Effects of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. Brit J Nutr 1999, 82:115-123.
140. Iwai K., Yazawa A., Watanabe T. Roles as metabolic regulators of the non-nutrients, capsaicin and capsiate, supplemented to diets. Proc Japan Acad 2003, 79:207-212.
141. Snitker S., Fujishima Y., Shen H., Ott S., Pi-Sunyer X., Furuhata Y., et al. Effects of novel capsinoid treatment on fatness and energy metabolism in humans: possible pharmacogenetic implications. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89:45-50.
142. Piernas C., Popkin B.M. Snacking increased among U.S. adults between 1977 and 2006. J Nutr 2010, 140:325-332.
143. Cutler D., Glaeser E., Shapiro J. Why have Americans become more obese?. J Econ Perspect 2003, 17:93-118.