메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 547-560

Experimental evolution

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOTECHNOLOGY; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; GENOMICS; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; RESEARCH WORK; TIMESCALE;

EID: 84865866440     PISSN: 01695347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.06.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (563)

References (224)
  • 1
    • 84887876857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California Press, T. Garland, M.R. Rose (Eds.)
    • Experimental Evolution 2009, University of California Press. T. Garland, M.R. Rose (Eds.).
    • (2009) Experimental Evolution
  • 2
    • 0037127049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A selective advantage to immigrant genes in a Daphnia metapopulation
    • Ebert D., et al. A selective advantage to immigrant genes in a Daphnia metapopulation. Science 2002, 295:485-488.
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 485-488
    • Ebert, D.1
  • 3
    • 45149123354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of field populations of Daphnia magna in response to parasite treatment
    • Zbinden M., et al. Experimental evolution of field populations of Daphnia magna in response to parasite treatment. J. Evol. Biol. 2008, 21:1068-1078.
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 1068-1078
    • Zbinden, M.1
  • 4
    • 0025198804 scopus 로고
    • Experimentally induced life-history evolution in a natural population
    • Reznick D.A., et al. Experimentally induced life-history evolution in a natural population. Nature 1990, 346:357-359.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 357-359
    • Reznick, D.A.1
  • 5
    • 0344736831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent environments and population bottlenecks fail to generate premating isolation in Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • Rundle H.D. Divergent environments and population bottlenecks fail to generate premating isolation in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Evolution 2003, 57:2557-2565.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 2557-2565
    • Rundle, H.D.1
  • 6
    • 77951697965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous mutation accumulation studies in evolutionary genetics
    • Halligan D.L., Keightley P.D. Spontaneous mutation accumulation studies in evolutionary genetics. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2009, 40:151-172.
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. , vol.40 , pp. 151-172
    • Halligan, D.L.1    Keightley, P.D.2
  • 7
    • 0027503713 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. II. Thermal niches of experimental lines of Escherichia coli
    • Bennett A.F., Lenski R.E. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. II. Thermal niches of experimental lines of Escherichia coli. Evolution 1993, 47:1-12.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 1-12
    • Bennett, A.F.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 8
    • 69249187546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life history consequences of adaptation to larval nutritional stress in Drosophila
    • Kolss M., et al. Life history consequences of adaptation to larval nutritional stress in Drosophila. Evolution 2009, 63:2389-2401.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 2389-2401
    • Kolss, M.1
  • 9
    • 79955027266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to saline stress through laboratory evolution
    • Dhar R., et al. Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to saline stress through laboratory evolution. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:1135-1153.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1135-1153
    • Dhar, R.1
  • 10
    • 78650242066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of protozoan traits in response to interspecific competition
    • terHorst C.P. Experimental evolution of protozoan traits in response to interspecific competition. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:36-46.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 36-46
    • terHorst, C.P.1
  • 11
    • 0030617966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent natural selection in Drosophila: evolution of growth rate and body size
    • Santos M., et al. Density-dependent natural selection in Drosophila: evolution of growth rate and body size. Evolution 1997, 51:420-432.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 420-432
    • Santos, M.1
  • 12
    • 34248581741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maintaining a behaviour polymorphism by frequency-dependent selection on a single gene
    • Fitzpatrick M.J., et al. Maintaining a behaviour polymorphism by frequency-dependent selection on a single gene. Nature 2007, 447:210-212.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 210-212
    • Fitzpatrick, M.J.1
  • 13
    • 79955575028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of sperm count in protandrous self-fertilizing hermaphrodites
    • Murray R.L., Cutter A.D. Experimental evolution of sperm count in protandrous self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. J. Exp. Biol. 2011, 214:1740-1747.
    • (2011) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.214 , pp. 1740-1747
    • Murray, R.L.1    Cutter, A.D.2
  • 14
    • 0001498389 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of pleiotropy and epistasis in Escherichia coli. I. Variation in competitive fitness among mutants resistant to virus T4
    • Lenski R.E. Experimental studies of pleiotropy and epistasis in Escherichia coli. I. Variation in competitive fitness among mutants resistant to virus T4. Evolution 1988, 42:425-432.
    • (1988) Evolution , vol.42 , pp. 425-432
    • Lenski, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 0344742276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting ecological trade-offs using selection experiments
    • Fry J.D. Detecting ecological trade-offs using selection experiments. Ecology 2003, 84:1672-1678.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 1672-1678
    • Fry, J.D.1
  • 16
    • 33847008973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of trade-offs: where are we?
    • Roff D.A., Fairbairn D.J. The evolution of trade-offs: where are we?. J. Evol. Biol. 2007, 20:433-447.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 433-447
    • Roff, D.A.1    Fairbairn, D.J.2
  • 17
    • 0000977247 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory evolution of postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Rose M.R. Laboratory evolution of postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 1984, 38:1004-1010.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Rose, M.R.1
  • 18
    • 0000055057 scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropy, natural selection and the evolution of senescence
    • Williams G.C. Pleiotropy, natural selection and the evolution of senescence. Evolution 1957, 11:398-411.
    • (1957) Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 398-411
    • Williams, G.C.1
  • 19
    • 0013942563 scopus 로고
    • The moulding of senescence by natural selection
    • Hamilton W.D. The moulding of senescence by natural selection. J. Theor. Biol. 1966, 12:12-45.
    • (1966) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 12-45
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 20
    • 0038048338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species
    • Hoffmann A.A., et al. Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species. Science 2003, 301:100-102.
    • (2003) Science , vol.301 , pp. 100-102
    • Hoffmann, A.A.1
  • 21
    • 33645834508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of resistance to an antimicrobial peptide
    • Perron G.G., et al. Experimental evolution of resistance to an antimicrobial peptide. Proc. R. Soc. B 2006, 273:251-256.
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 251-256
    • Perron, G.G.1
  • 22
    • 45849093668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli
    • Blount Z.D., et al. Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105:7899-7906.
    • (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.105 , pp. 7899-7906
    • Blount, Z.D.1
  • 23
    • 33645076253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An equivalence principle for the incorporation of favorable mutations in asexual populations
    • Hegreness M., et al. An equivalence principle for the incorporation of favorable mutations in asexual populations. Science 2006, 311:1615-1617.
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , pp. 1615-1617
    • Hegreness, M.1
  • 24
    • 34547924819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive mutations in bacteria: high rate and small effects
    • Perfeito L., et al. Adaptive mutations in bacteria: high rate and small effects. Science 2007, 317:813-815.
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 813-815
    • Perfeito, L.1
  • 25
    • 0037172667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness effects of fixed beneficial mutations in microbial populations
    • Rozen D.E., et al. Fitness effects of fixed beneficial mutations in microbial populations. Curr. Biol. 2002, 12:1040-1045.
    • (2002) Curr. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1040-1045
    • Rozen, D.E.1
  • 26
    • 79957948242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative epistasis between beneficial mutations in an evolving bacterial population
    • Khan A.I., et al. Negative epistasis between beneficial mutations in an evolving bacterial population. Science 2011, 332:1193-1196.
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 1193-1196
    • Khan, A.I.1
  • 27
    • 84863393863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeatability and contingency in the evolution of a key innovation in phage Lambda
    • Meyer J.R., et al. Repeatability and contingency in the evolution of a key innovation in phage Lambda. Science 2012, 335:428-432.
    • (2012) Science , vol.335 , pp. 428-432
    • Meyer, J.R.1
  • 28
    • 0030816238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation for total fitness in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Fowler K., et al. Genetic variation for total fitness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. R. Soc. B 1997, 264:191-199.
    • (1997) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.264 , pp. 191-199
    • Fowler, K.1
  • 29
    • 0028365256 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation experiment with bacterial populations
    • Lenski R.E., Travisano M. Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation experiment with bacterial populations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994, 91:6808-6814.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.91 , pp. 6808-6814
    • Lenski, R.E.1    Travisano, M.2
  • 30
    • 0026279651 scopus 로고
    • Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations
    • Lenski R.E., et al. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations. Am. Nat. 1991, 138:1315-1341.
    • (1991) Am. Nat. , vol.138 , pp. 1315-1341
    • Lenski, R.E.1
  • 31
    • 58849103470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection accelerates the elimination of a deleterious mutant in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Hollis B., et al. Sexual selection accelerates the elimination of a deleterious mutant in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2009, 63:324-333.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 324-333
    • Hollis, B.1
  • 32
    • 70449101292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of bet hedging
    • Beaumont H.J.E., et al. Experimental evolution of bet hedging. Nature 2009, 462:90-93.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , pp. 90-93
    • Beaumont, H.J.E.1
  • 33
    • 0029668422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually antagonistic male adaptation triggered by experimental arrest of female evolution
    • Rice W.R. Sexually antagonistic male adaptation triggered by experimental arrest of female evolution. Nature 1996, 381:232-234.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 232-234
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 34
    • 27844545265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent selection and the evolution of signal traits and mating preferences
    • Rundle H.D., et al. Divergent selection and the evolution of signal traits and mating preferences. PLoS Biol. 2005, 3:1988-1995.
    • (2005) PLoS Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 1988-1995
    • Rundle, H.D.1
  • 35
    • 0001638608 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive isolation as a consequence of adaptive divergence in Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • Dodd D.M.B. Reproductive isolation as a consequence of adaptive divergence in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Evolution 1989, 43:1308-1311.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1308-1311
    • Dodd, D.M.B.1
  • 36
    • 41149179551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent adaptation promotes reproductive isolation among experimental populations of the filamentous fungus Neurospora
    • Dettman J.R., et al. Divergent adaptation promotes reproductive isolation among experimental populations of the filamentous fungus Neurospora. BMC Evol. Biol. 2008, 8:35.
    • (2008) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 35
    • Dettman, J.R.1
  • 37
    • 31944450953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of mating discrimination in budding yeast
    • Leu J.Y., Murray A.W. Experimental evolution of mating discrimination in budding yeast. Curr. Biol. 2006, 16:280-286.
    • (2006) Curr. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 280-286
    • Leu, J.Y.1    Murray, A.W.2
  • 38
    • 78650512603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement can overcome gene flow during speciation in Drosophila
    • Matute D.R. Reinforcement can overcome gene flow during speciation in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:2229-2233.
    • (2010) Curr. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 2229-2233
    • Matute, D.R.1
  • 39
    • 0029005294 scopus 로고
    • Founder effect speciation theory: failure of experimental corroboration
    • Moya A., et al. Founder effect speciation theory: failure of experimental corroboration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1995, 92:3983-3986.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.92 , pp. 3983-3986
    • Moya, A.1
  • 40
    • 0037417962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel changes in qene expression after 20,000 generations of evolution in Escherichia coli
    • Cooper T.F., et al. Parallel changes in qene expression after 20,000 generations of evolution in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100:1072-1077.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.100 , pp. 1072-1077
    • Cooper, T.F.1
  • 41
    • 33745166593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of parallel molecular evolution in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli
    • Woods R., et al. Tests of parallel molecular evolution in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:9107-9112.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.103 , pp. 9107-9112
    • Woods, R.1
  • 42
    • 0030009207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. IV. Targets of selection and the specificity of adaptation
    • Travisano M., Lenski R.E. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. IV. Targets of selection and the specificity of adaptation. Genetics 1996, 143:15-26.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.143 , pp. 15-26
    • Travisano, M.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 43
    • 0034641929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The population genetics of ecological specialization in evolving Escherichia coli populations
    • Cooper V.S., Lenski R.E. The population genetics of ecological specialization in evolving Escherichia coli populations. Nature 2000, 407:736-739.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 736-739
    • Cooper, V.S.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 44
    • 78649307701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel changes in host resistance to viral infection during 45,000 generations of relaxed selection
    • Meyer J.R., et al. Parallel changes in host resistance to viral infection during 45,000 generations of relaxed selection. Evolution 2010, 64:3024-3034.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 3024-3034
    • Meyer, J.R.1
  • 45
    • 0030620273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of high mutation rates in experimental populations of E. coli
    • Sniegowski P.D., et al. Evolution of high mutation rates in experimental populations of E. coli. Nature 1997, 387:703-705.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 703-705
    • Sniegowski, P.D.1
  • 46
    • 0033555421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminishing returns from mutation supply rate in asexual populations
    • de Visser J., et al. Diminishing returns from mutation supply rate in asexual populations. Science 1999, 283:404-406.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 404-406
    • de Visser, J.1
  • 47
    • 0030759023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. VII. Mechanisms maintaining genetic variability within populations
    • Elena S.F., Lenski R.E. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. VII. Mechanisms maintaining genetic variability within populations. Evolution 1997, 51:1058-1067.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1058-1067
    • Elena, S.F.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 48
    • 57549104704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death and cannibalism in a seasonal environment facilitate bacterial coexistence
    • Rozen D.E., et al. Death and cannibalism in a seasonal environment facilitate bacterial coexistence. Ecol. Lett. 2009, 12:34-44.
    • (2009) Ecol. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 34-44
    • Rozen, D.E.1
  • 49
    • 77957746208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide mutational diversity in an evolving population of Escherichia coli
    • Barrick J.E., Lenski R.E. Genome-wide mutational diversity in an evolving population of Escherichia coli. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 2009, 74:119-129.
    • (2009) Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.74 , pp. 119-129
    • Barrick, J.E.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 50
    • 0028977087 scopus 로고
    • Experimental tests of the roles of adaptation, chance, and history in evolution
    • Travisano M., et al. Experimental tests of the roles of adaptation, chance, and history in evolution. Science 1995, 267:87-90.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 87-90
    • Travisano, M.1
  • 51
    • 70350641005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome evolution and adaptation in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli
    • Barrick J.E., et al. Genome evolution and adaptation in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Nature 2009, 461:1243-1247.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 1243-1247
    • Barrick, J.E.1
  • 52
    • 0037361010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breakdown in correlations during laboratory evolution. II. Selection on stress resistance in Drosophila populations
    • Archer M.A., et al. Breakdown in correlations during laboratory evolution. II. Selection on stress resistance in Drosophila populations. Evolution 2003, 57:536-543.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 536-543
    • Archer, M.A.1
  • 53
    • 0036808642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of late-life mortality in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Rose M.R., et al. Evolution of late-life mortality in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2002, 56:1982-1991.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1982-1991
    • Rose, M.R.1
  • 54
    • 77957346489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of a long-term evolution experiment with Drosophila
    • Burke M.K., et al. Genome-wide analysis of a long-term evolution experiment with Drosophila. Nature 2010, 467:587-590.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 587-590
    • Burke, M.K.1
  • 55
    • 33745243428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Park Grass Experiment 1856-2006: its contribution to ecology
    • Silvertown J., et al. The Park Grass Experiment 1856-2006: its contribution to ecology. J. Ecol. 2006, 94:801-814.
    • (2006) J. Ecol. , vol.94 , pp. 801-814
    • Silvertown, J.1
  • 56
    • 30744465945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement of reproductive isolation between adjacent populations in the Park Grass Experiment
    • Silvertown J., et al. Reinforcement of reproductive isolation between adjacent populations in the Park Grass Experiment. Heredity 2005, 95:198-205.
    • (2005) Heredity , vol.95 , pp. 198-205
    • Silvertown, J.1
  • 57
    • 0032553467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of parasites
    • Ebert D. Experimental evolution of parasites. Science 1998, 282:1432-1435.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1432-1435
    • Ebert, D.1
  • 58
    • 81255141781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of vaccines: how the past led to the future
    • Plotkin S.A., Plotkin S.L. The development of vaccines: how the past led to the future. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011, 9:889-893.
    • (2011) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.9 , pp. 889-893
    • Plotkin, S.A.1    Plotkin, S.L.2
  • 59
    • 77956563692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution, genetic analysis and genome re-sequencing reveal the mutation conferring artemisinin resistance in an isogenic lineage of malaria parasites
    • Hunt P., et al. Experimental evolution, genetic analysis and genome re-sequencing reveal the mutation conferring artemisinin resistance in an isogenic lineage of malaria parasites. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:499.
    • (2010) BMC Genomics , vol.11 , pp. 499
    • Hunt, P.1
  • 60
    • 0001537795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of a morphological variant of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus with increased virulence following serial passage in Plutella xylostella
    • Kolodny-Hirsch D.M., VanBeek N.A.M. Selection of a morphological variant of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus with increased virulence following serial passage in Plutella xylostella. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 1997, 69:205-211.
    • (1997) J. Invertebr. Pathol. , vol.69 , pp. 205-211
    • Kolodny-Hirsch, D.M.1    VanBeek, N.A.M.2
  • 61
    • 79952703916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of parasitoids when faced with the symbiont-mediated resistance of their hosts
    • Dion E., et al. Rapid evolution of parasitoids when faced with the symbiont-mediated resistance of their hosts. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:741-750.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 741-750
    • Dion, E.1
  • 62
    • 70350089387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directed evolution of a filamentous fungus for thermotolerance
    • de Crecy E., et al. Directed evolution of a filamentous fungus for thermotolerance. BMC Biotechnol. 2009, 9:74.
    • (2009) BMC Biotechnol. , vol.9 , pp. 74
    • de Crecy, E.1
  • 63
    • 65449116398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The race for new biofuels
    • Arnold F.H. The race for new biofuels. Eng. Sci. 2008, 2:12-19.
    • (2008) Eng. Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 12-19
    • Arnold, F.H.1
  • 64
    • 0034739052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms
    • Lipson H., Pollack J.B. Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms. Nature 2000, 406:974-978.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 974-978
    • Lipson, H.1    Pollack, J.B.2
  • 65
    • 79953310914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing non-natural protein function with directed evolution
    • Brustad E.M., Arnold F.H. Optimizing non-natural protein function with directed evolution. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2011, 15:201-210.
    • (2011) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 201-210
    • Brustad, E.M.1    Arnold, F.H.2
  • 67
    • 33749603926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid differentiation of experimental populations of wheat for heading time in response to local climatic conditions
    • Goldringer I., et al. Rapid differentiation of experimental populations of wheat for heading time in response to local climatic conditions. Ann. Bot. 2006, 98:805-817.
    • (2006) Ann. Bot. , vol.98 , pp. 805-817
    • Goldringer, I.1
  • 68
    • 62549153052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hermaphroditic sex allocation evolves when mating opportunities change
    • Dorken M.E., Pannell J.R. Hermaphroditic sex allocation evolves when mating opportunities change. Curr. Biol. 2009, 19:514-517.
    • (2009) Curr. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 514-517
    • Dorken, M.E.1    Pannell, J.R.2
  • 69
    • 80052224854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution caused by pollinator loss in Mimulus guttatus
    • Roels S.A.B., Kelly J.K. Rapid evolution caused by pollinator loss in Mimulus guttatus. Evolution 2011, 65:2541-2552.
    • (2011) Evolution , vol.65 , pp. 2541-2552
    • Roels, S.A.B.1    Kelly, J.K.2
  • 70
    • 1842484075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans: so similar yet so different
    • Capy P., Gibert P. Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans: so similar yet so different. Genetica 2004, 120:5-16.
    • (2004) Genetica , vol.120 , pp. 5-16
    • Capy, P.1    Gibert, P.2
  • 71
    • 34547924086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation in a spider mite population after long-term evolution on a single host plant
    • Magalhäes S., et al. Adaptation in a spider mite population after long-term evolution on a single host plant. J. Evol. Biol. 2007, 20:2016-2027.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 2016-2027
    • Magalhäes, S.1
  • 73
    • 18244370261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-locus antagonistic coevolution as an engine of speciation: assessment with hemiclonal analysis
    • Rice W.R., et al. Inter-locus antagonistic coevolution as an engine of speciation: assessment with hemiclonal analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102:6527-6534.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.102 , pp. 6527-6534
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 74
    • 69249176163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for negative frequency-dependent selection during experimental coevolution of a freshwater snail and a sterilizing trematode
    • Koskella B., Lively C.M. Evidence for negative frequency-dependent selection during experimental coevolution of a freshwater snail and a sterilizing trematode. Evolution 2009, 63:2213-2221.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 2213-2221
    • Koskella, B.1    Lively, C.M.2
  • 75
    • 33644952572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: confronting theory and experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Porcher E., et al. Genetic differentiation of neutral markers and quantitative traits in predominantly selfing metapopulations: confronting theory and experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana. Genet. Res. Camb. 2006, 87:1-12.
    • (2006) Genet. Res. Camb. , vol.87 , pp. 1-12
    • Porcher, E.1
  • 76
    • 78650027977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of environmental heterogeneity on the maintenance of genetic variation in wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Yeaman S., et al. No effect of environmental heterogeneity on the maintenance of genetic variation in wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2010, 64:3398-3408.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 3398-3408
    • Yeaman, S.1
  • 77
    • 65649095190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of maternal effects: past and present
    • Mousseau T.A., et al. Evolution of maternal effects: past and present. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2009, 364:1035-1038.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. , vol.364 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Mousseau, T.A.1
  • 78
    • 81155122955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental effects on the detection of adaptation
    • Magalhäes S., et al. Environmental effects on the detection of adaptation. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:2653-2662.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 2653-2662
    • Magalhäes, S.1
  • 79
    • 0031927350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective size and polymorphism of linked neutral loci in populations under directional selection
    • Santiago E., Caballero A. Effective size and polymorphism of linked neutral loci in populations under directional selection. Genetics 1998, 149:2105-2117.
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.149 , pp. 2105-2117
    • Santiago, E.1    Caballero, A.2
  • 80
    • 33745210991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetically idiosyncratic responses of Drosophila melanogaster populations to selection for improved learning ability
    • Kawecki T.J., Mery F. Genetically idiosyncratic responses of Drosophila melanogaster populations to selection for improved learning ability. J. Evol. Biol. 2006, 19:1265-1274.
    • (2006) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1265-1274
    • Kawecki, T.J.1    Mery, F.2
  • 81
    • 67651052323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of hybridization in plant speciation
    • Soltis P.S., Soltis D.E. The role of hybridization in plant speciation. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2009, 60:561-588.
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. , vol.60 , pp. 561-588
    • Soltis, P.S.1    Soltis, D.E.2
  • 82
    • 78149281090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments
    • Becks L., Agrawal A.F. Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Nature 2010, 468:89-92.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 89-92
    • Becks, L.1    Agrawal, A.F.2
  • 83
    • 15844412621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex increases the efficacy of natural selection in experimental yeast populations
    • Goddard M.R., et al. Sex increases the efficacy of natural selection in experimental yeast populations. Nature 2005, 434:636-640.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 636-640
    • Goddard, M.R.1
  • 84
    • 0027997346 scopus 로고
    • Erratum: The genomic mutation rate for fitness in Drosophila (vol 359, pg 58, 1992)
    • Houle D., et al. Erratum: The genomic mutation rate for fitness in Drosophila (vol 359, pg 58, 1992). Nature 1994, 371:358.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 358
    • Houle, D.1
  • 85
    • 0031418338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of host demography on the evolution of virulence of a microsporidian gut parasite
    • Ebert D., Mangin K.L. The influence of host demography on the evolution of virulence of a microsporidian gut parasite. Evolution 1997, 51:1828-1837.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1828-1837
    • Ebert, D.1    Mangin, K.L.2
  • 86
    • 33749420389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic convergence toward diploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Gerstein A.C., et al. Genomic convergence toward diploidy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genetics 2006, 2:1396-1401.
    • (2006) PLoS Genetics , vol.2 , pp. 1396-1401
    • Gerstein, A.C.1
  • 87
    • 1942486407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The respiratory pattern in Drosophila melanogaster selected for desiccation resistance is not associated with the observed evolution of decreased locomotory activity
    • Williams A.E., et al. The respiratory pattern in Drosophila melanogaster selected for desiccation resistance is not associated with the observed evolution of decreased locomotory activity. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 2004, 77:10-17.
    • (2004) Physiol. Biochem. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 10-17
    • Williams, A.E.1
  • 88
    • 26244452393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing putative interlocus sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster using experimental evolution
    • Stewart A.D., et al. Assessing putative interlocus sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster using experimental evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B 2005, 272:2029-2035.
    • (2005) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.272 , pp. 2029-2035
    • Stewart, A.D.1
  • 89
    • 0027505730 scopus 로고
    • Courtship and remating in field populations of Drosophila
    • Gromko M.H., Markow T.A. Courtship and remating in field populations of Drosophila. Anim. Behav. 1993, 45:253-262.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.45 , pp. 253-262
    • Gromko, M.H.1    Markow, T.A.2
  • 90
    • 18844439645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft sweeps: molecular population genetics of adaptation from standing genetic variation
    • Hermisson J., Pennings P.S. Soft sweeps: molecular population genetics of adaptation from standing genetic variation. Genetics 2005, 169:2335-2352.
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.169 , pp. 2335-2352
    • Hermisson, J.1    Pennings, P.S.2
  • 91
    • 37549030093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation from standing genetic variation
    • Barrett R.D.H., Schluter D. Adaptation from standing genetic variation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2008, 23:38-44.
    • (2008) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.23 , pp. 38-44
    • Barrett, R.D.H.1    Schluter, D.2
  • 92
    • 42349100173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemical genomic portrait of yeast: uncovering a phenotype for all genes
    • Hillenmeyer M.E., et al. The chemical genomic portrait of yeast: uncovering a phenotype for all genes. Science 2008, 320:362-365.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 362-365
    • Hillenmeyer, M.E.1
  • 93
    • 0003009970 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata
    • Endler J.A. Natural selection on color patterns in Poecilia reticulata. Evolution 1980, 34:76-91.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 76-91
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 94
    • 65949090237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution as agents of ecosystem change in Trinidadian streams
    • Palkovacs E.P., et al. Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution as agents of ecosystem change in Trinidadian streams. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2009, 364:1617-1628.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B. , vol.364 , pp. 1617-1628
    • Palkovacs, E.P.1
  • 95
    • 0030617889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the rate of evolution in natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
    • Reznick D.N., et al. Evaluation of the rate of evolution in natural populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Science 1997, 275:1934-1937.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1934-1937
    • Reznick, D.N.1
  • 96
    • 9644302630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator-induced behaviour shifts and natural selection in field-experimental lizard populations
    • Losos J.B., et al. Predator-induced behaviour shifts and natural selection in field-experimental lizard populations. Nature 2004, 432:505-508.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 505-508
    • Losos, J.B.1
  • 97
    • 0030616680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive differentiation following experimental island colonization in Anolis lizards
    • Losos J.B., et al. Adaptive differentiation following experimental island colonization in Anolis lizards. Nature 1997, 387:70-73.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 70-73
    • Losos, J.B.1
  • 98
    • 78650467390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of cold tolerance in stickleback
    • Barrett R.D.H., et al. Rapid evolution of cold tolerance in stickleback. Proc. R. Soc. B 2011, 278:233-238.
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 233-238
    • Barrett, R.D.H.1
  • 99
    • 34247184600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can artificially selected phenotypes influence a component of field fitness? Thermal selection and fly performance under thermal extremes
    • Kristensen T.N., et al. Can artificially selected phenotypes influence a component of field fitness? Thermal selection and fly performance under thermal extremes. Proc. R. Soc. B 2007, 274:771-778.
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 771-778
    • Kristensen, T.N.1
  • 101
    • 34147094749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
    • Krist A.C., Showsh S.A. Experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Am. Biol. Teach. 2007, 69:94-97.
    • (2007) Am. Biol. Teach. , vol.69 , pp. 94-97
    • Krist, A.C.1    Showsh, S.A.2
  • 102
    • 75949085869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When a fly has to fly to reproduce: selection against conditional recessive lethals in Drosophila
    • Plunkett A.D., Yampolsky L.Y. When a fly has to fly to reproduce: selection against conditional recessive lethals in Drosophila. Am. Biol. Teach. 2010, 72:12-15.
    • (2010) Am. Biol. Teach. , vol.72 , pp. 12-15
    • Plunkett, A.D.1    Yampolsky, L.Y.2
  • 103
    • 85067105321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Avida-ED for teaching and learning about evolution in undergraduate introductory biology courses
    • Speth E.B., et al. Using Avida-ED for teaching and learning about evolution in undergraduate introductory biology courses. Evol. Educ. Outreach 2009, 2:415-428.
    • (2009) Evol. Educ. Outreach , vol.2 , pp. 415-428
    • Speth, E.B.1
  • 104
    • 0030823001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptional convergent evolution in a virus
    • Bull J.J., et al. Exceptional convergent evolution in a virus. Genetics 1997, 147:1497-1507.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 1497-1507
    • Bull, J.J.1
  • 105
    • 33744482546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive mutation identification in an evolved bacterial cooperator and its cheating ancestor
    • Velicer G.J., et al. Comprehensive mutation identification in an evolved bacterial cooperator and its cheating ancestor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103:8107-8112.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.103 , pp. 8107-8112
    • Velicer, G.J.1
  • 106
    • 77949551578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole-genome sequencing of a laboratory-evolved yeast strain
    • Araya C.L., et al. Whole-genome sequencing of a laboratory-evolved yeast strain. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:88.
    • (2010) BMC Genomics , vol.11 , pp. 88
    • Araya, C.L.1
  • 107
    • 33748335479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling adaptive evolution: how a single point mutation affects the protein coregulation network
    • Knight C.G., et al. Unraveling adaptive evolution: how a single point mutation affects the protein coregulation network. Nat. Genet. 2006, 38:1015-1022.
    • (2006) Nat. Genet. , vol.38 , pp. 1015-1022
    • Knight, C.G.1
  • 108
    • 0037079023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli K-12 undergoes adaptive evolution to achieve in silico predicted optimal growth
    • Ibarra R.U., et al. Escherichia coli K-12 undergoes adaptive evolution to achieve in silico predicted optimal growth. Nature 2002, 420:186-189.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 186-189
    • Ibarra, R.U.1
  • 109
    • 30944469304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation discovery in bacterial genomes: metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori
    • Albert T.J., et al. Mutation discovery in bacterial genomes: metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Nat. Methods 2005, 2:951-953.
    • (2005) Nat. Methods , vol.2 , pp. 951-953
    • Albert, T.J.1
  • 110
    • 24644462173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accurate multiplex polony sequencing of an evolved bacterial genome
    • Shendure J., et al. Accurate multiplex polony sequencing of an evolved bacterial genome. Science 2005, 309:1728-1732.
    • (2005) Science , vol.309 , pp. 1728-1732
    • Shendure, J.1
  • 111
    • 79953735688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based resequencing of experimentally evolved populations reveals the genetic basis of body size variation in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Turner T.L., et al. Population-based resequencing of experimentally evolved populations reveals the genetic basis of body size variation in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet. 2011, 7:e1001336.
    • (2011) PLoS Genet. , vol.7
    • Turner, T.L.1
  • 112
    • 33751544539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative genome sequencing of Escherichia coli allows observation of bacterial evolution on a laboratory timescale
    • Herring C.D., et al. Comparative genome sequencing of Escherichia coli allows observation of bacterial evolution on a laboratory timescale. Nat. Genet. 2006, 38:1406-1412.
    • (2006) Nat. Genet. , vol.38 , pp. 1406-1412
    • Herring, C.D.1
  • 113
    • 79952793415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-order selection for evolvability in a large Escherichia coli population
    • Woods R.J., et al. Second-order selection for evolvability in a large Escherichia coli population. Science 2011, 331:1433-1436.
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 1433-1436
    • Woods, R.J.1
  • 114
    • 77954265373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 during growth on a nonnative carbon cource, L-1,2-propanediol
    • Lee D.H., Palsson B.O. Adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 during growth on a nonnative carbon cource, L-1,2-propanediol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2010, 76:4158-4168.
    • (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.76 , pp. 4158-4168
    • Lee, D.H.1    Palsson, B.O.2
  • 115
    • 79957958115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminishing returns epistasis among beneficial mutations decelerates adaptation
    • Chou H.H., et al. Diminishing returns epistasis among beneficial mutations decelerates adaptation. Science 2011, 332:1190-1192.
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 1190-1192
    • Chou, H.H.1
  • 116
    • 84856220271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rate inferred from synonymous substitutions in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli
    • Wielgoss S., et al. Mutation rate inferred from synonymous substitutions in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. G3 (Bethesda) 2011, 1:183-186.
    • (2011) G3 (Bethesda) , vol.1 , pp. 183-186
    • Wielgoss, S.1
  • 117
    • 33846047594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct estimation of per nucleotide and genomic deleterious mutation rates in Drosophila
    • Haag-Liautard C., et al. Direct estimation of per nucleotide and genomic deleterious mutation rates in Drosophila. Nature 2007, 445:82-85.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 82-85
    • Haag-Liautard, C.1
  • 118
    • 70349507538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide view of Caenorhabditis elegans base-substitution mutation processes
    • Denver D.R., et al. A genome-wide view of Caenorhabditis elegans base-substitution mutation processes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:16310-16314.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.106 , pp. 16310-16314
    • Denver, D.R.1
  • 119
    • 34248143619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profile analysis of Drosophila melanogaster selected for resistance to environmental stressors
    • Sorensen J.G., et al. Gene expression profile analysis of Drosophila melanogaster selected for resistance to environmental stressors. J. Evol. Biol. 2007, 20:1624-1636.
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1624-1636
    • Sorensen, J.G.1
  • 120
    • 0027127683 scopus 로고
    • Byte-sized evolution
    • Maynard Smith J. Byte-sized evolution. Nature 1992, 355:772-773.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 772-773
    • Maynard Smith, J.1
  • 121
    • 0027488624 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of new ribozymes from a large pool of random sequences
    • Bartel D.P., Szostak J.W. Isolation of new ribozymes from a large pool of random sequences. Science 1993, 261:1411-1418.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 1411-1418
    • Bartel, D.P.1    Szostak, J.W.2
  • 123
    • 0000111025 scopus 로고
    • An approach to the synthesis of life
    • Springer, C.G. Langton (Ed.)
    • Ray T.S. An approach to the synthesis of life. Artificial Life II 1992, 371-408. Springer. C.G. Langton (Ed.).
    • (1992) Artificial Life II , pp. 371-408
    • Ray, T.S.1
  • 125
    • 0037752324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new replicators
    • Oxford University Press, M.D. Pagel (Ed.)
    • Dennett D. The new replicators. Encyclopedia of Evolution 2002, E83-E92. Oxford University Press. M.D. Pagel (Ed.).
    • (2002) Encyclopedia of Evolution
    • Dennett, D.1
  • 126
    • 1842454622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avida: a software platform for research in computational evolutionary biology
    • Ofria C., Wilke C.O. Avida: a software platform for research in computational evolutionary biology. Artif. Life 2004, 10:191-229.
    • (2004) Artif. Life , vol.10 , pp. 191-229
    • Ofria, C.1    Wilke, C.O.2
  • 127
    • 0038668776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary origin of complex features
    • Lenski R.E., et al. The evolutionary origin of complex features. Nature 2003, 423:139-144.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 139-144
    • Lenski, R.E.1
  • 128
    • 0035913336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest
    • Wilke C.O., et al. Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rates leads to survival of the flattest. Nature 2001, 412:331-333.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.412 , pp. 331-333
    • Wilke, C.O.1
  • 129
    • 0037180782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroevolution simulated with autonomously replicating computer programs
    • Yedid G., Bell G. Macroevolution simulated with autonomously replicating computer programs. Nature 2002, 420:810-812.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 810-812
    • Yedid, G.1    Bell, G.2
  • 131
    • 33646673346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction reshapes the genetic architecture of digital organisms
    • Misevic D., et al. Sexual reproduction reshapes the genetic architecture of digital organisms. Proc. R. Soc. B 2006, 273:457-464.
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 457-464
    • Misevic, D.1
  • 132
    • 33847735562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological specialization and adaptive decay in digital organisms
    • Ostrowski E.A., et al. Ecological specialization and adaptive decay in digital organisms. Am. Nat. 2007, 169:E1-E20.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169
    • Ostrowski, E.A.1
  • 133
    • 63449126094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective press extinctions, but not random pulse extinctions, cause delayed ecological recovery in communities of digital organisms
    • Yedid G., et al. Selective press extinctions, but not random pulse extinctions, cause delayed ecological recovery in communities of digital organisms. Am. Nat. 2009, 173:E139-E154.
    • (2009) Am. Nat. , vol.173
    • Yedid, G.1
  • 134
    • 79951797778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective pressures for accurate altruism targeting: evidence from digital evolution for difficult-to-test aspects of inclusive fitness theory
    • Clune J., et al. Selective pressures for accurate altruism targeting: evidence from digital evolution for difficult-to-test aspects of inclusive fitness theory. Proc. R. Soc. B 2011, 278:666-674.
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 666-674
    • Clune, J.1
  • 135
    • 75749108269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of adaptive behaviour in robots by means of Darwinian selection
    • Floreano D., Keller L. Evolution of adaptive behaviour in robots by means of Darwinian selection. PLoS Biol. 2010, 8:e1000292.
    • (2010) PLoS Biol. , vol.8
    • Floreano, D.1    Keller, L.2
  • 136
    • 79958022404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative test of Hamilton's rule for the evolution of altruism
    • Waibel M., et al. A quantitative test of Hamilton's rule for the evolution of altruism. PLoS Biol. 2011, 9:e1000615.
    • (2011) PLoS Biol. , vol.9
    • Waibel, M.1
  • 137
    • 33947160585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary conditions for the emergence of communication in robots
    • Floreano D., et al. Evolutionary conditions for the emergence of communication in robots. Curr. Biol. 2007, 17:514-519.
    • (2007) Curr. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 514-519
    • Floreano, D.1
  • 138
    • 79251525207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatedness influences signal reliability in evolving robots
    • Mitri S., et al. Relatedness influences signal reliability in evolving robots. Proc. R. Soc. B 2011, 278:378-383.
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 378-383
    • Mitri, S.1
  • 139
    • 0037028084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification
    • Buckling A., Rainey P.B. The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification. Nature 2002, 420:496-499.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 496-499
    • Buckling, A.1    Rainey, P.B.2
  • 140
    • 77952173270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite
    • Schulte R.D., et al. Multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2010, 107:7359-7364.
    • (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.107 , pp. 7359-7364
    • Schulte, R.D.1
  • 141
    • 84864374101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid antagonistic coevolution between strains of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum
    • Hollis B. Rapid antagonistic coevolution between strains of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012, 279:3565-3571.
    • (2012) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.279 , pp. 3565-3571
    • Hollis, B.1
  • 142
    • 0032568571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male fitness increases when females are eliminated from gene pool: Implications for the Y chromosome
    • Rice W.R. Male fitness increases when females are eliminated from gene pool: Implications for the Y chromosome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95:6217-6221.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.95 , pp. 6217-6221
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 143
    • 45849120955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite coevolution: insights from the Daphnia-parasite model system
    • Ebert D. Host-parasite coevolution: insights from the Daphnia-parasite model system. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2008, 11:290-301.
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.11 , pp. 290-301
    • Ebert, D.1
  • 144
    • 80051674787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coevolving parasites enhance the diversity-decreasing effect of dispersal
    • Vogwill T., et al. Coevolving parasites enhance the diversity-decreasing effect of dispersal. Biol. Lett. 2011, 7:578-580.
    • (2011) Biol. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 578-580
    • Vogwill, T.1
  • 145
    • 34548692945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptic population dynamics: rapid evolution masks trophic interactions
    • Yoshida T., et al. Cryptic population dynamics: rapid evolution masks trophic interactions. PLoS Biol. 2007, 5:1868-1879.
    • (2007) PLoS Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 1868-1879
    • Yoshida, T.1
  • 146
    • 63149182966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-shift experiments as a tool to study antagonistic coevolution
    • Gaba S., Ebert D. Time-shift experiments as a tool to study antagonistic coevolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2009, 24:226-232.
    • (2009) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 226-232
    • Gaba, S.1    Ebert, D.2
  • 147
    • 36849092875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite 'Red Queen' dynamics archived in pond sediment
    • Decaestecker E., et al. Host-parasite 'Red Queen' dynamics archived in pond sediment. Nature 2007, 450:870-873.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.450 , pp. 870-873
    • Decaestecker, E.1
  • 148
    • 84931749101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host-parasite coevolutionary arms races give way to fluctuating selection
    • Hall A.R., et al. Host-parasite coevolutionary arms races give way to fluctuating selection. G3 (Bethesda) 2011, 14:635-642.
    • (2011) G3 (Bethesda) , vol.14 , pp. 635-642
    • Hall, A.R.1
  • 149
    • 24644491815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of migration on local adaptation in a coevolving host-parasite system
    • Morgan A.D., et al. The effect of migration on local adaptation in a coevolving host-parasite system. Nature 2005, 437:253-256.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 253-256
    • Morgan, A.D.1
  • 151
    • 2542583245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of competing beneficial mutations in an asexual population
    • Gerrish P.J., Lenski R.E. The fate of competing beneficial mutations in an asexual population. Genetica 1998, 102-3:127-144.
    • (1998) Genetica , pp. 127-144
    • Gerrish, P.J.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 152
    • 0031876504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated evolution of an acetate-crossfeeding polymorphism in long-term populations of Escherichia coli
    • Treves D.S., et al. Repeated evolution of an acetate-crossfeeding polymorphism in long-term populations of Escherichia coli. Mol. Biol. Evol. 1998, 15:789-797.
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 789-797
    • Treves, D.S.1
  • 153
    • 0032474853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive radiation in a heterogeneous environment
    • Rainey P.B., Travisano M. Adaptive radiation in a heterogeneous environment. Nature 1998, 394:69-72.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 69-72
    • Rainey, P.B.1    Travisano, M.2
  • 154
    • 58149106187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of a sexually selected display in yeast
    • Rogers D.W., Greig D. Experimental evolution of a sexually selected display in yeast. Proc. R. Soc. B 2009, 276:543-549.
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 543-549
    • Rogers, D.W.1    Greig, D.2
  • 155
    • 0017710252 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of epistasis and advantage of recombination in populations of bacteriophage T4
    • Malmberg R.L. Evolution of epistasis and advantage of recombination in populations of bacteriophage T4. Genetics 1977, 86:607-621.
    • (1977) Genetics , vol.86 , pp. 607-621
    • Malmberg, R.L.1
  • 156
    • 34548693859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination speeds adaptation by reducing competition between beneficial mutations in populations of Escherichia coli
    • Cooper T.F. Recombination speeds adaptation by reducing competition between beneficial mutations in populations of Escherichia coli. PLoS Biol. 2007, 5:1899-1905.
    • (2007) PLoS Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 1899-1905
    • Cooper, T.F.1
  • 157
    • 77955486459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness-associated sexual reproduction in a filamentous fungus
    • Schoustra S., et al. Fitness-associated sexual reproduction in a filamentous fungus. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:1350-1355.
    • (2010) Curr. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 1350-1355
    • Schoustra, S.1
  • 158
    • 0033119814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prisoner's dilemma in an RNA virus
    • Turner P.E., Chao L. Prisoner's dilemma in an RNA virus. Nature 1999, 398:441-443.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 441-443
    • Turner, P.E.1    Chao, L.2
  • 159
    • 0001327030 scopus 로고
    • Structured habitats and the evolution of anticompetitor toxins in bacteria
    • Chao L., Levin B.R. Structured habitats and the evolution of anticompetitor toxins in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1981, 78:6324-6328.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.78 , pp. 6324-6328
    • Chao, L.1    Levin, B.R.2
  • 160
    • 0034611798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental cheating in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
    • Velicer G.J., et al. Developmental cheating in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Nature 2000, 404:598-601.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 598-601
    • Velicer, G.J.1
  • 161
    • 70350058721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cheater-resistance is not futile
    • Khare A., et al. Cheater-resistance is not futile. Nature 2009, 461:980-982.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 980-982
    • Khare, A.1
  • 162
    • 0036752874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas. XII. Repeated sexual episodes increase rates of adaptation to novel environments
    • Kaltz O., Bell G. The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas. XII. Repeated sexual episodes increase rates of adaptation to novel environments. Evolution 2002, 56:1743-1753.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1743-1753
    • Kaltz, O.1    Bell, G.2
  • 163
    • 0038724020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senescence in a bacterium with asymmetric division
    • Ackermann M., et al. Senescence in a bacterium with asymmetric division. Science 2003, 300:1920.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1920
    • Ackermann, M.1
  • 164
    • 84857136561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of multicellularity
    • Ratcliff W.C., et al. Experimental evolution of multicellularity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109:1595-1600.
    • (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.109 , pp. 1595-1600
    • Ratcliff, W.C.1
  • 165
    • 4344605134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and competition in pathogenic bacteria
    • Griffin A.S., et al. Cooperation and competition in pathogenic bacteria. Nature 2004, 430:1024-1027.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 1024-1027
    • Griffin, A.S.1
  • 166
    • 0028874989 scopus 로고
    • Effective population size adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review
    • Frankham R. Effective population size adult population size ratios in wildlife: a review. Genet. Res. Camb. 1995, 66:95-107.
    • (1995) Genet. Res. Camb. , vol.66 , pp. 95-107
    • Frankham, R.1
  • 167
    • 77952529450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of experimental yeast populations to stressful conditions in relation to population size
    • Samani P., Bell G. Adaptation of experimental yeast populations to stressful conditions in relation to population size. J. Evol. Biol. 2010, 23:791-796.
    • (2010) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 791-796
    • Samani, P.1    Bell, G.2
  • 168
    • 0035544558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The probability that beneficial mutations are lost in populations with periodic bottlenecks
    • Wahl L.M., Gerrish P.J. The probability that beneficial mutations are lost in populations with periodic bottlenecks. Evolution 2001, 55:2606-2610.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 2606-2610
    • Wahl, L.M.1    Gerrish, P.J.2
  • 169
    • 0020086278 scopus 로고
    • Rates of change in quantitative traits from fixation of new mutations
    • Hill W.G. Rates of change in quantitative traits from fixation of new mutations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Biol. Sci. 1982, 79:142-145.
    • (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. Biol. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 142-145
    • Hill, W.G.1
  • 170
    • 0025293282 scopus 로고
    • Increased selection response in larger populations. I. Selection for wing-tip height in Drosophila melanogaster at three population sizes
    • Weber K.E. Increased selection response in larger populations. I. Selection for wing-tip height in Drosophila melanogaster at three population sizes. Genetics 1990, 125:579-584.
    • (1990) Genetics , vol.125 , pp. 579-584
    • Weber, K.E.1
  • 171
    • 0025353575 scopus 로고
    • Increased selection response in larger populations. II. Selection for ethanol vapor resistance in Drosophila melanogaster at two population sizes
    • Weber K.E., Diggins L.T. Increased selection response in larger populations. II. Selection for ethanol vapor resistance in Drosophila melanogaster at two population sizes. Genetics 1990, 125:585-597.
    • (1990) Genetics , vol.125 , pp. 585-597
    • Weber, K.E.1    Diggins, L.T.2
  • 172
    • 2942536419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated measurement of Drosophila wings
    • Houle D., et al. Automated measurement of Drosophila wings. BMC Evol. Biol. 2003, 3:25.
    • (2003) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 25
    • Houle, D.1
  • 173
    • 14444282420 scopus 로고
    • A device for collecting flies of precisely determined post-hatching age
    • Stearns S.C., et al. A device for collecting flies of precisely determined post-hatching age. Dros. Inf. Serv. 1987, 66:167-179.
    • (1987) Dros. Inf. Serv. , vol.66 , pp. 167-179
    • Stearns, S.C.1
  • 174
    • 0034903337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo site-directed mutagenesis using oligonucleotides
    • Storici F., et al. In vivo site-directed mutagenesis using oligonucleotides. Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19:773-776.
    • (2001) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.19 , pp. 773-776
    • Storici, F.1
  • 175
    • 77952615890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The past, present and future of gene targeting in Drosophila
    • Wesolowska N., Rong Y.K.S. The past, present and future of gene targeting in Drosophila. Fly 2010, 4:53-59.
    • (2010) Fly , vol.4 , pp. 53-59
    • Wesolowska, N.1    Rong, Y.K.S.2
  • 176
    • 0027160708 scopus 로고
    • Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes
    • Brand A.H., Perrimon N. Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes. Development 1993, 118:401-415.
    • (1993) Development , vol.118 , pp. 401-415
    • Brand, A.H.1    Perrimon, N.2
  • 177
    • 34447530305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila
    • Dietzl G., et al. A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila. Nature 2007, 448:151-156.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 151-156
    • Dietzl, G.1
  • 178
    • 3042758677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 100 generations of selection for oil and protein in corn
    • Dudley J.W., Lambert R.J. 100 generations of selection for oil and protein in corn. Plant Breed. Rev. 2004, 24:79-110.
    • (2004) Plant Breed. Rev. , vol.24 , pp. 79-110
    • Dudley, J.W.1    Lambert, R.J.2
  • 179
    • 79961209906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in plants
    • Hauser M.-T., et al. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in plants. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech. 2011, 1809:459-468.
    • (2011) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Regul. Mech. , vol.1809 , pp. 459-468
    • Hauser, M.-T.1
  • 180
    • 81555214034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Greer E.L., et al. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 2011, 479:365-371.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.479 , pp. 365-371
    • Greer, E.L.1
  • 181
    • 77956206812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functional DNA methylation system in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
    • Walsh T.K., et al. A functional DNA methylation system in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insect Mol. Biol. 2010, 19:215-228.
    • (2010) Insect Mol. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 215-228
    • Walsh, T.K.1
  • 182
    • 79960218376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to the evolutionary consequences of genetic and nongenetic inheritance
    • Day T., Bonduriansky R. A unified approach to the evolutionary consequences of genetic and nongenetic inheritance. Am. Nat. 2011, 178:E18-E36.
    • (2011) Am. Nat. , vol.178
    • Day, T.1    Bonduriansky, R.2
  • 183
    • 34247855863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The locus of evolution: evo devo and the genetics of adaptation
    • Hoekstra H.E., Coyne J.A. The locus of evolution: evo devo and the genetics of adaptation. Evolution 2007, 61:995-1016.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 995-1016
    • Hoekstra, H.E.1    Coyne, J.A.2
  • 184
    • 79958118693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L'enfant terrible at 30: the maturation of evolutionary developmental biology
    • Haag E.S., Lenski R.E. L'enfant terrible at 30: the maturation of evolutionary developmental biology. Development 2011, 138:2633-2637.
    • (2011) Development , vol.138 , pp. 2633-2637
    • Haag, E.S.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 185
    • 79951645893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating evolutionary principles into environmental management and policy
    • Lankau R., et al. Incorporating evolutionary principles into environmental management and policy. Evol. Appl. 2011, 4:315-325.
    • (2011) Evol. Appl. , vol.4 , pp. 315-325
    • Lankau, R.1
  • 186
    • 78149404626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and climate change: integrating evolutionary and ecological responses of species and communities
    • Lavergne S., et al. Biodiversity and climate change: integrating evolutionary and ecological responses of species and communities. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2010, 41:321-350.
    • (2010) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. , vol.41 , pp. 321-350
    • Lavergne, S.1
  • 187
    • 51249106685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation, extinction and global change
    • Bell G., Collins S. Adaptation, extinction and global change. Evol. Appl. 2008, 1:3-16.
    • (2008) Evol. Appl. , vol.1 , pp. 3-16
    • Bell, G.1    Collins, S.2
  • 188
    • 33846080455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to selection and evolvability of invasive populations
    • Lee C.E., et al. Response to selection and evolvability of invasive populations. Genetica 2007, 129:179-192.
    • (2007) Genetica , vol.129 , pp. 179-192
    • Lee, C.E.1
  • 189
    • 79958716487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation and evolutionary rescue in metapopulations experiencing environmental deterioration
    • Bell G., Gonzalez A. Adaptation and evolutionary rescue in metapopulations experiencing environmental deterioration. Science 2011, 332:1327-1330.
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 1327-1330
    • Bell, G.1    Gonzalez, A.2
  • 190
    • 33746565880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in C uptake in populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii selected at high CO2
    • Collins S., et al. Changes in C uptake in populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii selected at high CO2. Plant Cell Environ. 2006, 29:1812-1819.
    • (2006) Plant Cell Environ. , vol.29 , pp. 1812-1819
    • Collins, S.1
  • 191
    • 0033055004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution by small steps and rugged landscapes in the RNA virus φ6
    • Burch C.L., Chao L. Evolution by small steps and rugged landscapes in the RNA virus φ6. Genetics 1999, 151:921-927.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.151 , pp. 921-927
    • Burch, C.L.1    Chao, L.2
  • 192
    • 0041331688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution yields hundreds of mutations in a functional viral genome
    • Bull J.J., et al. Experimental evolution yields hundreds of mutations in a functional viral genome. J. Mol. Evol. 2003, 57:241-248.
    • (2003) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.57 , pp. 241-248
    • Bull, J.J.1
  • 193
    • 0036807238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of changes in the genetic covariance matrix after a bottleneck
    • Whitlock M.C., et al. Persistence of changes in the genetic covariance matrix after a bottleneck. Evolution 2002, 56:1968-1975.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1968-1975
    • Whitlock, M.C.1
  • 194
    • 84966196340 scopus 로고
    • The effect of serial founder-flush cycles on quantitative genetic variation in the housefly
    • Bryant E.H., Meffert L.M. The effect of serial founder-flush cycles on quantitative genetic variation in the housefly. Heredity 1993, 70:122-129.
    • (1993) Heredity , vol.70 , pp. 122-129
    • Bryant, E.H.1    Meffert, L.M.2
  • 195
    • 0029769372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inbreeding: its effect on response to selection for pupal weight and the heritable variance in fitness in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
    • Wade M.J., et al. Inbreeding: its effect on response to selection for pupal weight and the heritable variance in fitness in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Evolution 1996, 50:723-733.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 723-733
    • Wade, M.J.1
  • 196
    • 27644575967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the adaptive potential of isolated populations: experimental simulations using Drosophila
    • Swindell W.R., Bouzat J.L. Modeling the adaptive potential of isolated populations: experimental simulations using Drosophila. Evolution 2005, 59:2159-2169.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , pp. 2159-2169
    • Swindell, W.R.1    Bouzat, J.L.2
  • 197
    • 85047678881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution in Chlamydomonas. III. Evolution of specialist and generalist types in environments that vary in space and time
    • Reboud X., Bell G. Experimental evolution in Chlamydomonas. III. Evolution of specialist and generalist types in environments that vary in space and time. Heredity 1997, 78:507-514.
    • (1997) Heredity , vol.78 , pp. 507-514
    • Reboud, X.1    Bell, G.2
  • 198
    • 0034535109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of host radiation in an RNA virus
    • Turner P.E., Elena S.F. Cost of host radiation in an RNA virus. Genetics 2000, 156:1465-1470.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 1465-1470
    • Turner, P.E.1    Elena, S.F.2
  • 199
    • 0000351655 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variance, fitness, and homeostasis in varying environments: an experimental check of the theory
    • Mackay T.F.C. Genetic variance, fitness, and homeostasis in varying environments: an experimental check of the theory. Evolution 1980, 34:1219-1222.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 1219-1222
    • Mackay, T.F.C.1
  • 200
    • 18144421162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental manipulation of sexual selection and the evolution of courtship song in Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • Snook R.R., et al. Experimental manipulation of sexual selection and the evolution of courtship song in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Behav. Genet. 2005, 35:245-255.
    • (2005) Behav. Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 245-255
    • Snook, R.R.1
  • 201
    • 72749091458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the direction of ornament evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
    • Kemp D.J., et al. Predicting the direction of ornament evolution in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Proc. R. Soc. B 2009, 276:4335-4343.
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 4335-4343
    • Kemp, D.J.1
  • 202
    • 33947172551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid adaptation to a novel host in a seed beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus): the role of sexual selection
    • Fricke C., Arnqvist G. Rapid adaptation to a novel host in a seed beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus): the role of sexual selection. Evolution 2007, 61:440-454.
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 440-454
    • Fricke, C.1    Arnqvist, G.2
  • 203
    • 0032169413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult fitness consequences of sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Promislow D.E.L., et al. Adult fitness consequences of sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1998, 95:10687-10692.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.95 , pp. 10687-10692
    • Promislow, D.E.L.1
  • 204
    • 80051670406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Populations with elevated mutation load do not benefit from the operation of sexual selection
    • Hollis B., Houle D. Populations with elevated mutation load do not benefit from the operation of sexual selection. J. Evol. Biol. 2011, 24:1918-1926.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1918-1926
    • Hollis, B.1    Houle, D.2
  • 205
    • 33845541433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of natural and sexual selection during adaptation to a novel environment
    • Rundle H.D., et al. The roles of natural and sexual selection during adaptation to a novel environment. Evolution 2006, 60:2218-2225.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 2218-2225
    • Rundle, H.D.1
  • 206
    • 33751329973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution under relaxed sexual conflict in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini
    • Tilszer M., et al. Evolution under relaxed sexual conflict in the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini. Evolution 2006, 60:1868-1873.
    • (2006) Evolution , vol.60 , pp. 1868-1873
    • Tilszer, M.1
  • 207
    • 0346505370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and benefits of evolving under experimentally enforced polyandry or monogamy
    • Martin O.Y., Hosken D.J. Costs and benefits of evolving under experimentally enforced polyandry or monogamy. Evolution 2003, 57:2765-2772.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 2765-2772
    • Martin, O.Y.1    Hosken, D.J.2
  • 208
    • 0034724395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of aging, growth, and reproduction in fruitflies
    • Stearns S.C., et al. Experimental evolution of aging, growth, and reproduction in fruitflies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97:3309-3313.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.97 , pp. 3309-3313
    • Stearns, S.C.1
  • 209
    • 82255175503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of reduced sex ratio adjustment under local mate competition
    • Macke E., et al. Experimental evolution of reduced sex ratio adjustment under local mate competition. Science 2011, 334:1127-1129.
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 1127-1129
    • Macke, E.1
  • 210
    • 0001359025 scopus 로고
    • Muller's ratchet and the advantage of sex in the RNA virus φ6
    • Chao L., et al. Muller's ratchet and the advantage of sex in the RNA virus φ6. Evolution 1992, 46:289-299.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 289-299
    • Chao, L.1
  • 211
    • 0001366406 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of kin selection
    • Wade M.J. An experimental study of kin selection. Evolution 1980, 34:844-855.
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 844-855
    • Wade, M.J.1
  • 212
    • 33745981794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local migration promotes competitive restraint in a host-pathogen 'tragedy of the commons'
    • Kerr B., et al. Local migration promotes competitive restraint in a host-pathogen 'tragedy of the commons'. Nature 2006, 442:75-78.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , pp. 75-78
    • Kerr, B.1
  • 213
    • 79957727227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evolution of selfish policing in social bacteria
    • Manhes P., Velicer G.J. Experimental evolution of selfish policing in social bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108:8357-8362.
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.108 , pp. 8357-8362
    • Manhes, P.1    Velicer, G.J.2
  • 214
    • 0037133647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicting levels of selection in the accumulation of mitochondrial defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Taylor D.R., et al. Conflicting levels of selection in the accumulation of mitochondrial defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002, 99:3690-3694.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.99 , pp. 3690-3694
    • Taylor, D.R.1
  • 215
    • 83755171754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High relatedness is necessary and sufficient to maintain multicellularity in Dictyostelium
    • Kuzdzal-Fick J.J., et al. High relatedness is necessary and sufficient to maintain multicellularity in Dictyostelium. Science 2011, 334:1548-1551.
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 1548-1551
    • Kuzdzal-Fick, J.J.1
  • 216
    • 2342473914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of learning on experimental evolution of resource preference in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Mery F., Kawecki T.J. The effect of learning on experimental evolution of resource preference in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2004, 58:757-767.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 757-767
    • Mery, F.1    Kawecki, T.J.2
  • 217
    • 0001333091 scopus 로고
    • Complex community in a simple habitat: experimental study with bacteria and phage
    • Chao L., et al. Complex community in a simple habitat: experimental study with bacteria and phage. Ecology 1977, 58:369-378.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 369-378
    • Chao, L.1
  • 218
    • 33746046037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prey evolution on the time scale of predator-prey dynamics revealed by allele-specific quantitative PCR
    • Meyer J.R., et al. Prey evolution on the time scale of predator-prey dynamics revealed by allele-specific quantitative PCR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:10690-10695.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 10690-10695
    • Meyer, J.R.1
  • 219
    • 78349248292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host growth conditions influence experimental evolution of life history and virulence of a parasite with vertical and horizontal transmission
    • Magalon H., et al. Host growth conditions influence experimental evolution of life history and virulence of a parasite with vertical and horizontal transmission. Evolution 2010, 64:2126-2138.
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 2126-2138
    • Magalon, H.1
  • 220
    • 0025995131 scopus 로고
    • Mating propensity and courtship behavior in serially bottlenecked lines of the housefly
    • Meffert L.M., Bryant E.H. Mating propensity and courtship behavior in serially bottlenecked lines of the housefly. Evolution 1991, 45:293-306.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 293-306
    • Meffert, L.M.1    Bryant, E.H.2
  • 221
    • 0033578424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic changes in gene expression patterns following adaptive evolution in yeast
    • Ferea T.L., et al. Systematic changes in gene expression patterns following adaptive evolution in yeast. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:9721-9726.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 9721-9726
    • Ferea, T.L.1
  • 222
    • 0033575348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation
    • Wichman H.A., et al. Different trajectories of parallel evolution during viral adaptation. Science 1999, 285:422-424.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 422-424
    • Wichman, H.A.1
  • 223
    • 0041909446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of novel cooperative swarming in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
    • Velicer G.J., Yu Y.T.N. Evolution of novel cooperative swarming in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Nature 2003, 425:75-78.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 75-78
    • Velicer, G.J.1    Yu, Y.T.N.2
  • 224
    • 79953800316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat complexity drives experimental evolution of a conditionally expressed secondary sexual trait
    • Tomkins J.L., et al. Habitat complexity drives experimental evolution of a conditionally expressed secondary sexual trait. Current Biology 2011, 21:569-573.
    • (2011) Current Biology , vol.21 , pp. 569-573
    • Tomkins, J.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.