Transcriptional Control of Natural Killer Cell Development and Function

Advances in Immunology

Volumn 109, Issue , 2011, Pages 45-85

  Hesslein, David G T ^a   Lanier, Lewis L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CCAAT ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; CD135 ANTIGEN; DNA; E4 BINDING PROTEIN 4; GAMMA INTERFERON; HELIX LOOP HELIX PROTEIN; IKAROS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INHIBITOR OF DIFFERENTIATION PROTEIN; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 1; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 2; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 15; INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPTOR ALPHA; MESSENGER RNA; MICROPHTHALMIA ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MYOCYTE ENHANCER FACTOR; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR 5; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR EOMES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ETS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ETS 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA 3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PU 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR T BET; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZINC FINGER PROTEIN;

BOOK; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL HOMING; CELL LINEAGE; CELL MATURATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; DNA BINDING; ENZYME REPRESSION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL; HUMAN; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 79955723001     PISSN: 00652776     EISSN: 15578445     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387664-5.00002-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (217)

1. Afkarian M., Sedy J.R., Yang J., Jacobson N.G., Cereb N., Yang S.Y., Murphy T.L., Murphy K.M. T-bet is a STAT1-induced regulator of IL-12R expression in naive CD4+ T cells. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 3:549-557.
2. Albu D.I., Feng D., Bhattacharya D., Jenkins N.A., Copeland N.G., Liu P., Avram D. BCL11B is required for positive selection and survival of double-positive thymocytes. J. Exp. Med. 2007, 204:3003-3015.
3. Allman D., Sambandam A., Kim S., Miller J.P., Pagan A., Well D., Meraz A., Bhandoola A. Thymopoiesis independent of common lymphoid progenitors. Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4:168-174.
4. Anderson S.K. Transcriptional regulation of NK cell receptors. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2006, 298:59-75.
5. Anderson K.L., Nelson S.L., Perkin H.B., Smith K.A., Klemsz M.J., Torbett B.E. PU.1 is a lineage-specific regulator of tyrosine phosphatase CD45. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:7637-7642.
6. Aringer M., Hofmann S.R., Frucht D.M., Chen M., Centola M., Morinobu A., Visconti R., Kastner D.L., Smolen J.S., O'Shea J.J. Characterization and analysis of the proximal Janus kinase 3 promoter. J. Immunol. 2003, 170:6057-6064.
7. Bain G., Maandag E.C., Izon D.J., Amsen D., Kruisbeek A.M., Weintraub B.C., Krop I., Schlissel M.S., Feeney A.J., van Roon M., et al. E2A proteins are required for proper B cell development and initiation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Cell 1994, 79:885-892.
8. Barton K., Muthusamy N., Fischer C., Ting C.-N., Walunas T.L., Lanier L.L., Leiden J.M. The Ets-1 transcription factor is required for the development of natural killer cells in mice. Immunity 1998, 9:555-563.
9. Beima K.M., Miazgowicz M.M., Lewis M.D., Yan P.S., Huang T.H., Weinmann A.S. T-bet binding to newly identified target gene promoters is cell type-independent but results in variable context-dependent functional effects. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:11992-12000.
10. Benezra R., Davis R.L., Lockshon D., Turner D.L., Weintraub H. The protein Id: A negative regulator of helix-loop-helix DNA binding proteins. Cell 1990, 61:49-59.
11. Biassoni R., Verdiani S., Cambiaggi A., Romeo P.H., Ferrini S., Moretta L. Human CD3-CD16+ natural killer cells express the hGATA-3 T cell transcription factor and an unrearranged 2.3-kb TcR delta transcript. Eur. J. Immunol. 1993, 23:1083-1087.
12. Boggs S.S., Trevisan M., Patrene K., Geogopoulos K. Lack of natural killer cell precursors in fetal liver of Ikaros knockout mutant mice. Nat. Immun. 1998, 16:137-145.
13. Boos M.D., Yokota Y., Eberl G., Kee B.L. Mature natural killer cell and lymphoid tissue-inducing cell development requires Id2-mediated suppression of E protein activity. J. Exp. Med. 2007, 204:1119-1130.
14. Bories J.C., Willerford D.M., Grevin D., Davidson L., Camus A., Martin P., Stehelin D., Alt F.W. Increased T-cell apoptosis and terminal B-cell differentiation induced by inactivation of the Ets-1 proto-oncogene. Nature 1995, 377:635-638.
15. Caraux A., Lu Q., Fernandez N., Riou S., Di Santo J.P., Raulet D.H., Lemke G., Roth C. Natural killer cell differentiation driven by Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinases. Nat. Immunol. 2006, 7:747-754.
16. Carlyle J.R., Michie A.M., Furlonger C., Nakano T., Lenardo M.J., Paige C.J., Zuniga-Pflucker J.C. Identification of a novel developmental stage marking lineage commitment of progenitor thymocytes. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186:173-182.
17. Carotta S., Dakic A., D'Amico A., Pang S.H., Greig K.T., Nutt S.L., Wu L. The transcription factor PU.1 controls dendritic cell development and Flt3 cytokine receptor expression in a dose-dependent manner. Immunity 2010, 32:628-641.
18. Chan H.W., Kurago Z.B., Stewart C.A., Wilson M.J., Martin M.P., Mace B.E., Carrington M., Trowsdale J., Lutz C.T. DNA methylation maintains allele-specific KIR gene expression in human natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 2003, 197:245-255.
19. Chan H.W., Miller J.S., Moore M.B., Lutz C.T. Epigenetic control of highly homologous killer Ig-like receptor gene alleles. J. Immunol. 2005, 175:5966-5974.
20. Chang H.C., Zhang S., Thieu V.T., Slee R.B., Bruns H.A., Laribee R.N., Klemsz M.J., Kaplan M.H. PU.1 expression delineates heterogeneity in primary Th2 cells. Immunity 2005, 22:693-703.
21. Cheli Y., Ohanna M., Ballotti R., Bertolotto C. Fifteen-year quest for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor target genes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2010, 23:27-40.
22. Clements J.L., John S.A., Garrett-Sinha L.A. Impaired generation of CD8+ thymocytes in Ets-1-deficient mice. J. Immunol. 2006, 177:905-912.
23. Colucci F., Di Santo J.P. The receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit provides a critical signal for survival, expansion, and maturation of mouse natural killer cells. Blood 2000, 95:984-991.
24. Colucci F., Samson S.I., DeKoter R.P., Lantz O., Singh H., Di Santo J.P. Differential requirement for the transcription factor PU.1 in the generation of natural killer cells versus B and T cells. Blood 2001, 97:2625-2632.
25. Colucci F., Caligiuri M.A., Di Santo J.P. What does it take to make a natural killer?. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003, 3:413-425.
26. Cortes M., Wong E., Koipally J., Georgopoulos K. Control of lymphocyte development by the Ikaros gene family. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1999, 11:167-171.
27. Cowell I.G. E4BP4/NFIL3, a PAR-related bZIP factor with many roles. Bioessays 2002, 24:1023-1029.
28. Cruz-Guilloty F., Pipkin M.E., Djuretic I.M., Levanon D., Lotem J., Lichtenheld M.G., Groner Y., Rao A. Runx3 and T-box proteins cooperate to establish the transcriptional program of effector CTLs. J. Exp. Med. 2009, 206:51-59.
29. Davies G.E., Locke S.M., Wright P.W., Li H., Hanson R.J., Miller J.S., Anderson S.K. Identification of bidirectional promoters in the human KIR genes. Genes Immun. 2007, 8:245-253.
30. de Bruijn M.F., Speck N.A. Core-binding factors in hematopoiesis and immune function. Oncogene 2004, 23:4238-4248.
31. DeKoter R.P., Singh H. Regulation of B lymphocyte and macrophage development by graded expression of PU.1. Science 2000, 288:1439-1441.
32. DeKoter R.P., Walsh J.C., Singh H. PU.1 regulates both cytokine-dependent proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. EMBO J. 1998, 17:4456-4468.
33. DeKoter R.P., Lee H.J., Singh H. PU.1 regulates expression of the interleukin-7 receptor in lymphoid progenitors. Immunity 2002, 16:297-309.
34. Di Santo J.P. Natural killer cell developmental pathways: A question of balance. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2006, 24:257-286.
35. DiSanto J.P., Muller W., Guy-Grand D., Fischer A., Rajewsky K. Lymphoid development in mice with a targeted deletion of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 92:377-381.
36. Djuretic I.M., Levanon D., Negreanu V., Groner Y., Rao A., Ansel K.M. Transcription factors T-bet and Runx3 cooperate to activate Ifng and silence Il4 in T helper type 1 cells. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8:145-153.
37. Dorshkind K., Pollack S.B., Bosma M.J., Phillips R.A. Natural killer (NK) cells are present in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). J. Immunol. 1985, 134:3798-3801.
38. Douagi I., Colucci F., Di Santo J.P., Cumano A. Identification of the earliest prethymic bipotent T/NK progenitor in murine fetal liver. Blood 2002, 99:463-471.
39. Dubois S., Mariner J., Waldmann T.A., Tagaya Y. IL-15Ralpha recycles and presents IL-15 in trans to neighboring cells. Immunity 2002, 17:537-547.
40. Duncan G.S., Mittrucker H.-W., Kagi D., Matsuyama T., Mak T.W. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 is essential for natural killer cell function in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 1996, 184:2043-2048.
41. Eberl G., Littman D.R. The role of the nuclear hormone receptor RORgammat in the development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Immunol. Rev. 2003, 195:81-90.
42. Eberl G., Marmon S., Sunshine M.J., Rennert P.D., Choi Y., Littman D.R. An essential function for the nuclear receptor RORgamma(t) in the generation of fetal lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Nat. Immunol. 2004, 5:64-73.
43. Eyquem S., Chemin K., Fasseu M., Bories J.C. The Ets-1 transcription factor is required for complete pre-T cell receptor function and allelic exclusion at the T cell receptor beta locus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101:15712-15717.
44. Eyquem S., Chemin K., Fasseu M., Chopin M., Sigaux F., Cumano A., Bories J.C. The development of early and mature B cells is impaired in mice deficient for the Ets-1 transcription factor. Eur. J. Immunol. 2004, 34:3187-3196.
45. Fehniger T.A., Suzuki K., Ponnappan A., VanDeusen J.B., Cooper M.A., Florea S.M., Freud A.G., Robinson M.L., Durbin J., Caligiuri M.A. Fatal leukemia in interleukin 15 transgenic mice follows early expansions in natural killer and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 2001, 193:219-231.
46. Freud A.G., Yokohama A., Becknell B., Lee M.T., Mao H.C., Ferketich A.K., Caligiuri M.A. Evidence for discrete stages of human natural killer cell differentiation in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 2006, 203:1033-1043.
47. Garrett-Sinha L.A., Dahl R., Rao S., Barton K.P., Simon M.C. PU.1 exhibits partial functional redundancy with Spi-B, but not with Ets-1 or Elf-1. Blood 2001, 97:2908-2912.
48. Gascoyne D.M., Long E., Veiga-Fernandes H., de Boer J., Williams O., Seddon B., Coles M., Kioussis D., Brady H.J. The basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 is essential for natural killer cell development. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10:1118-1124.
49. Georgopoulos K., Moore D.D., Derfler B. Ikaros, an early lymphoid-specific transcription factor and a putative mediator for T cell commitment. Science 1992, 258:808-812.
50. Georgopoulos K., Bigby M., Wang J.H., Molnar A., Wu P., Winandy S., Sharpe A. The Ikaros gene is required for the development of all lymphoid lineages. Cell 1994, 79:143-156.
51. Gilmour K.C., Fujii H., Cranston T., Davies E.G., Kinnon C., Gaspar H.B. Defective expression of the interleukin-2/interleukin-15 receptor beta subunit leads to a natural killer cell-deficient form of severe combined immunodeficiency. Blood 2001, 98:877-879.
52. Goetz T.L., Gu T.L., Speck N.A., Graves B.J. Auto-inhibition of Ets-1 is counteracted by DNA binding cooperativity with core-binding factor alpha2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000, 20:81-90.
53. Gomez-Lozano N., Trompeter H.I., de Pablo R., Estefania E., Uhrberg M., Vilches C. Epigenetic silencing of potentially functional KIR2DL5 alleles: Implications for the acquisition of KIR repertoires by NK cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2007, 37:1954-1965.
54. Gu T.L., Goetz T.L., Graves B.J., Speck N.A. Auto-inhibition and partner proteins, core-binding factor beta (CBFbeta) and Ets-1, modulate DNA binding by CBFalpha2 (AML1). Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000, 20:91-103.
55. Guo Y., Maillard I., Chakraborti S., Rothenberg E.V., Speck N.A. Core binding factors are necessary for natural killer cell development and cooperate with Notch signaling during T-cell specification. Blood 2008, 112:480-492.
56. Hardy R.R., Hayakawa K. B cell development pathways. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2001, 19:595-621.
57. Hart S.M., Foroni L. Core binding factor genes and human leukemia. Haematologica 2002, 87:1307-1323.
58. Hatton R.D., Harrington L.E., Luther R.J., Wakefield T., Janowski K.M., Oliver J.R., Lallone R.L., Murphy K.M., Weaver C.T. A distal conserved sequence element controls Ifng gene expression by T cells and NK cells. Immunity 2006, 25:717-729.
59. He Y.W., Malek T.R. Interleukin-7 receptor alpha is essential for the development of gamma delta + T cells, but not natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 1996, 184:289-293.
60. Heemskerk M.H., Blom B., Nolan G., Stegmann A.P., Bakker A.Q., Weijer K., Res P.C., Spits H. Inhibition of T cell and promotion of natural killer cell development by the dominant negative helix loop helix factor Id3. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186:1597-1602.
61. Henkel G.W., McKercher S.R., Maki R.A. Identification of three genes up-regulated in PU.1 rescued monocytic precursor cells. Int. Immunol. 2002, 14:723-732.
62. Herberman R.B., Nunn M.E., Holden H.T., Lavrin D.H. Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. II. Characterization of effector cells. Int. J. Cancer 1975, 16:230-239.
63. Hesslein D.G., Takaki R., Hermiston M.L., Weiss A., Lanier L.L. Dysregulation of signaling pathways in CD45-deficient NK cells leads to differentially regulated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:7012-7017.
64. Ho I.C., Tai T.S., Pai S.Y. GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: Essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2009, 9:125-135.
65. Huntington N.D., Xu Y., Nutt S.L., Tarlinton D.M. A requirement for CD45 distinguishes Ly49D-mediated cytokine and chemokine production from killing in primary NK cells. J. Exp. Med. 2005, 201:1421-1433.
66. Iavarone A., King E.R., Dai X.M., Leone G., Stanley E.R., Lasorella A. Retinoblastoma promotes definitive erythropoiesis by repressing Id2 in fetal liver macrophages. Nature 2004, 432:1040-1045.
67. Iizuka K., Chaplin D.D., Wang Y., Wu Q., Pegg L.E., Yokoyama W.M., Fu Y.X. Requirement for membrane lymphotoxin in natural killer cell development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:6336-6340.
68. Ikawa T., Kawamoto H., Fujimoto S., Katsura Y. Commitment of common T/Natural killer (NK) progenitors to unipotent T and NK progenitors in the murine fetal thymus revealed by a single progenitor assay. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190:1617-1626.
69. Ikawa T., Fujimoto S., Kawamoto H., Katsura Y., Yokota Y. Commitment to natural killer cells requires the helix-loop-helix inhibitor Id2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:5164-5169.
70. Ikawa T., Hirose S., Masuda K., Kakugawa K., Satoh R., Shibano-Satoh A., Kominami R., Katsura Y., Kawamoto H. An essential developmental checkpoint for production of the T cell lineage. Science 2010, 329:93-96.
71. Imada K., Bloom E.T., Nakajima H., Horvath-Arcidiacono J.A., Udy G.B., Davey H.W., Leonard W.J. Stat5b is essential for natural killer cell-mediated proliferation and cytolytic activity. J. Exp. Med. 1998, 188:2067-2074.
72. Inoue J., Kanefuji T., Okazuka K., Watanabe H., Mishima Y., Kominami R. Expression of TCR alpha beta partly rescues developmental arrest and apoptosis of alpha beta T cells in Bcl11b-/- mice. J. Immunol. 2006, 176:5871-5879.
73. Intlekofer A.M., Takemoto N., Wherry E.J., Longworth S.A., Northrup J.T., Palanivel V.R., Mullen A.C., Gasink C.R., Kaech S.M., Miller J.D., Gapin L., Ryan K., et al. Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin. Nat. Immunol. 2005, 6:1236-1244.
74. Ito A., Kataoka T.R., Kim D.K., Koma Y., Lee Y.M., Kitamura Y. Inhibitory effect on natural killer activity of microphthalmia transcription factor encoded by the mutant mi allele of mice. Blood 2001, 97:2075-2083.
75. Jenne C.N., Enders A., Rivera R., Watson S.R., Bankovich A.J., Pereira J.P., Xu Y., Roots C.M., Beilke J.N., Banerjee A., Reiner S.L., Miller S.A., et al. T-bet-dependent S1P5 expression in NK cells promotes egress from lymph nodes and bone marrow. J. Exp. Med. 2009, 206:2469-2481.
76. Ji M., Li H., Suh H.C., Klarmann K.D., Yokota Y., Keller J.R. Id2 intrinsically regulates lymphoid and erythroid development via interaction with different target proteins. Blood 2008, 112:1068-1077.
77. Kaisho T., Tsutsui H., Tanaka T., Tsujimura T., Takeda K., Kawai T., Yoshida N., Nakanishi K., Akira S. Impairment of natural killer cytotoxic activity and interferon gamma production in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma-deficient mice. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190:1573-1582.
78. Kamizono S., Duncan G.S., Seidel M.G., Morimoto A., Hamada K., Grosveld G., Akashi K., Lind E.F., Haight J.P., Ohashi P.S., Look A.T., Mak T.W. Nfil3/E4bp4 is required for the development and maturation of NK cells in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 2009, 206:2977-2986.
79. Karre K., Ljunggren H.G., Piontek G., Kiessling R. Selective rejection of H-2-deficient lymphoma variants suggests alternative immune defense strategy. Nature 1986, 319:675-678.
80. Kastner P., Chan S., Vogel W.K., Zhang L.J., Topark-Ngarm A., Golonzhka O., Jost B., Le Gras S., Gross M.K., Leid M. Bcl11b represses a mature T-cell gene expression program in immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 2010, 40:2143-2154.
81. Kataoka T.R., Komazawa N., Oboki K., Morii E., Nakano T. Reduced expression of IL-12 receptor beta2 and IL-18 receptor alpha genes in natural killer cells and macrophages derived from B6-mi/mi mice. Lab. Invest. 2005, 85:146-153.
82. Kee B.L. E and ID proteins branch out. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2009, 9:175-184.
83. Kennedy M.K., Glaccum M., Brown S.N., Butz E.A., Viney J.L., Embers M., Matsuki N., Charrier K., Sedger L., Willis C.R., Brasel K., Morrissey P.J., et al. Reversible defects in natural killer and memory CD8 T cell lineages in interleukin 15-deficient mice. J. Exp. Med. 2000, 191:771-780.
84. Kiessling R., Klein E., Pross H., Wigzell H. "Natural" killer cells in the mouse. II. Cytotoxic cells specificity mouse Moloney leukemia cells. Characteristics killer cell. Eur. J. Immunol. 1975, 5:117-121.
85. Kim S., Iizuka K., Kang H.S., Dokun A., French A.R., Greco S., Yokoyama W.M. In vivo developmental stages in murine natural killer cell maturation. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 3:523-528.
86. Klemsz M.J., McKercher S.R., Celada A., Van Beveren C., Maki R.A. The macrophage and B cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is related to the ets oncogene. Cell 1990, 61:113-124.
87. Koizumi H., Horta M.F., Youn B.S., Fu K.C., Kwon B.S., Young J.D., Liu C.C. Identification of a killer cell-specific regulatory element of the mouse perforin gene: An Ets-binding site-homologous motif that interacts with Ets-related proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1993, 13:6690-6701.
88. Koka R., Burkett P.R., Chien M., Chai S., Chan F., Lodolce J.P., Boone D.L., Ma A. Interleukin (IL)-15R[alpha]-deficient natural killer cells survive in normal but not IL-15R[alpha]-deficient mice. J. Exp. Med. 2003, 197:977-984.
89. Kondo M., Weissman I.L., Akashi K. Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Cell 1997, 91:661-672.
90. Kumar V., McNerney M.E. A new self: MHC-class-I-independent natural-killer-cell self-tolerance. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2005, 5:363-374.
91. Kumar V., Ben-Ezra J., Bennett M., Sonnenfeld G. Natural killer cells in mice treated with 89strontium: Normal target-binding cell numbers but inability to kill even after interferon administration. J. Immunol. 1979, 123:1832-1838.
92. Kurebayashi S., Ueda E., Sakaue M., Patel D.D., Medvedev A., Zhang F., Jetten A.M. Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORgamma) is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and controls apoptosis during thymopoiesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:10132-10137.
93. Lacorazza H.D., Nimer S.D. The emerging role of the myeloid Elf-1 like transcription factor in hematopoiesis. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 2003, 31:342-350.
94. Lacorazza H.D., Miyazaki Y., Di Cristofano A., Deblasio A., Hedvat C., Zhang J., Cordon-Cardo C., Mao S., Pandolfi P.P., Nimer S.D. The ETS protein MEF plays a critical role in perforin gene expression and the development of natural killer and NK-T cells. Immunity 2002, 17:437-449.
95. Lanier L.L. NK cell recognition. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2005, 23:225-274.
96. Lanier L.L. Evolutionary struggles between NK cells and viruses. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008, 8:259-268.
97. Lanier L.L. Up on the tightrope: Natural killer cell activation and inhibition. Nat. Immunol. 2008, 9:495-502.
98. Lanier L.L. DAP10- and DAP12-associated receptors in innate immunity. Immunol. Rev. 2009, 227:150-160.
99. Lanier L.L., Phillips J.H., Hackett J., Tutt M., Kumar V. Natural killer cells: Definition of a cell type rather than a function. J. Immunol. 1986, 137:2735-2739.
100. Lasorella A., Uo T., Iavarone A. Id proteins at the cross-road of development and cancer. Oncogene 2001, 20:8326-8333.
101. Lee S.H., Biron C.A. Here today-not gone tomorrow: Roles for activating receptors in sustaining NK cells during viral infections. Eur. J. Immunol. 2010, 40:923-932.
102. Lekstrom-Himes J., Xanthopoulos K.G. Biological role of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family of transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:28545-28548.
103. Lewis M.D., Miller S.A., Miazgowicz M.M., Beima K.M., Weinmann A.S. T-bet's ability to regulate individual target genes requires the conserved T-box domain to recruit histone methyltransferase activity and a separate family member-specific transactivation domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2007, 27:8510-8521.
104. Li L., Leid M., Rothenberg E.V. An early T cell lineage commitment checkpoint dependent on the transcription factor Bcl11b. Science 2010, 329:89-93.
105. Li P., Burke S., Wang J., Chen X., Ortiz M., Lee S.C., Lu D., Campos L., Goulding D., Ng B.L., Dougan G., Huntly B., et al. Reprogramming of T cells to natural killer-like cells upon Bcl11b deletion. Science 2010, 329:85-89.
106. Lichtenheld M.G., Podack E.R. Structure and function of the murine perforin promoter and upstream region. Reciprocal gene activation or silencing perforin positive negative cells. J. Immunol. 1992, 149:2619-2626.
107. Lieberman J. Anatomy of a murder: How cytotoxic T cells and NK cells are activated, develop, and eliminate their targets. Immunol. Rev. 2010, 235:5-9.
108. Lodolce J.P., Boone D.L., Chai S., Swain R.E., Dassopoulos T., Trettin S., Ma A. IL-15 receptor maintains lymphoid homeostasis by supporting lymphocyte homing and proliferation. Immunity 1998, 9:669-676.
109. Lohoff M., Duncan G.S., Ferrick D., Mittrucker H.W., Bischof S., Prechtl S., Rollinghoff M., Schmitt E., Pahl A., Mak T.W. Deficiency in the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-2 leads to severely compromised development of natural killer and T helper type 1 cells. J. Exp. Med. 2000, 192:325-336.
110. Lord G.M., Rao R.M., Choe H., Sullivan B.M., Lichtman A.H., Luscinskas F.W., Glimcher L.H. T-bet is required for optimal proinflammatory CD4+ T-cell trafficking. Blood 2005, 106:3432-3439.
111. Luchin A., Suchting S., Merson T., Rosol T.J., Hume D.A., Cassady A.I., Ostrowski M.C. Genetic and physical interactions between Microphthalmia transcription factor and PU.1 are necessary for osteoclast gene expression and differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:36703-36710.
112. Luci C., Reynders A., Ivanov I.I., Cognet C., Chiche L., Chasson L., Hardwigsen J., Anguiano E., Banchereau J., Chaussabel D., Dalod M., Littman D.R., et al. Influence of the transcription factor RORgammat on the development of NKp46+ cell populations in gut and skin. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10:75-82.
113. Lugo-Villarino G., Maldonado-Lopez R., Possemato R., Penaranda C., Glimcher L.H. T-bet is required for optimal production of IFN-gamma and antigen-specific T cell activation by dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:7749-7754.
114. Mao S., Frank R.C., Zhang J., Miyazaki Y., Nimer S.D. Functional and physical interactions between AML1 proteins and an ETS protein, MEF: Implications for the pathogenesis of t(8;21)-positive leukemias. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1999, 19:3635-3644.
115. Martin-Fontecha A., Thomsen L.L., Brett S., Gerard C., Lipp M., Lanzavecchia A., Sallusto F. Induced recruitment of NK cells to lymph nodes provides IFN-gamma for T(H)1 priming. Nat. Immunol. 2004, 5:1260-1265.
116. Marusina A.I., Kim D.K., Lieto L.D., Borrego F., Coligan J.E. GATA-3 is an important transcription factor for regulating human NKG2A gene expression. J. Immunol. 2005, 174:2152-2159.
117. Mason L.H., Willette-Brown J., Taylor L.S., McVicar D.W. Regulation of Ly49D/DAP12 signal transduction by Src-family kinases and CD45. J. Immunol. 2006, 176:6615-6623.
118. Matsuda J.L., George T.C., Hagman J., Gapin L. Temporal dissection of T-bet functions. J. Immunol. 2007, 178:3457-3465.
119. Matsuyama T., Kimura T., Kitagawa M., Pfeffer K., Kawakami T., Watanabe N., Kundig T.M., Amakawa R., Kishihara K., Wakeham A., et al. Targeted disruption of IRF-1 or IRF-2 results in abnormal type I IFN gene induction and aberrant lymphocyte development. Cell 1993, 75:83-97.
120. McKenna H.J., Stocking K.L., Miller R.E., Brasel K., De Smedt T., Maraskovsky E., Maliszewski C.R., Lynch D.H., Smith J., Pulendran B., Roux E.R., Teepe M., et al. Mice lacking flt3 ligand have deficient hematopoiesis affecting hematopoietic progenitor cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Blood 2000, 95:3489-3497.
121. McKercher S.R., Torbett B.E., Anderson K.L., Henkel G.W., Vestal D.J., Baribault H., Klemsz M., Feeney A.J., Wu G.E., Paige C.J., Maki R.A. Targeted disruption of the PU.1 gene results in multiple hematopoietic abnormalities. EMBO J. 1996, 15:5647-5658.
122. Medina K.L., Pongubala J.M., Reddy K.L., Lancki D.W., Dekoter R., Kieslinger M., Grosschedl R., Singh H. Assembling a gene regulatory network for specification of the B cell fate. Dev. Cell 2004, 7:607-617.
123. Metcalf D., Dakic A., Mifsud S., Di Rago L., Wu L., Nutt S. Inactivation of PU.1 in adult mice leads to the development of myeloid leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:1486-1491.
124. Miller S.A., Huang A.C., Miazgowicz M.M., Brassil M.M., Weinmann A.S. Coordinated but physically separable interaction with H3K27-demethylase and H3K4-methyltransferase activities are required for T-box protein-mediated activation of developmental gene expression. Genes Dev. 2008, 22:2980-2993.
125. Miyazaki Y., Sun X., Uchida H., Zhang J., Nimer S. MEF, a novel transcription factor with an Elf-1 like DNA binding domain but distinct transcriptional activating properties. Oncogene 1996, 13:1721-1729.
126. Miyazaki Y., Boccuni P., Mao S., Zhang J., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Kiyokawa H., Nimer S.D. Cyclin A-dependent phosphorylation of the ETS-related protein, MEF, restricts its activity to the G1 phase of the cell cycle. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:40528-40536.
127. Moisan J., Grenningloh R., Bettelli E., Oukka M., Ho I.C. Ets-1 is a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 2007, 204:2825-2835.
128. Mombaerts P., Iacomini J., Johnson R.S., Herrup K., Tonegawa S., Papaioannou V.E. RAG-1-deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes. Cell 1992, 68:869-877.
129. Moore T.A., von Freeden-Jeffry U., Murray R., Zlotnik A. Inhibition of gamma delta T cell development and early thymocyte maturation in IL-7 -/- mice. J. Immunol. 1996, 157:2366-2373.
130. Morgan B., Sun L., Avitahl N., Andrikopoulos K., Ikeda T., Gonzales E., Wu P., Neben S., Georgopoulos K. Aiolos, a lymphoid restricted transcription factor that interacts with Ikaros to regulate lymphocyte differentiation. EMBO J. 1997, 16:2004-2013.
131. Moriggl R., Topham D.J., Teglund S., Sexl V., McKay C., Wang D., Hoffmeyer A., van Deursen J., Sangster M.Y., Bunting K.D., Grosveld G.C., Ihle J.N. Stat5 is required for IL-2-induced cell cycle progression of peripheral T cells. Immunity 1999, 10:249-259.
132. Mortier E., Advincula R., Kim L., Chmura S., Barrera J., Reizis B., Malynn B.A., Ma A. Macrophage- and dendritic-cell-derived interleukin-15 receptor alpha supports homeostasis of distinct CD8+ T cell subsets. Immunity 2009, 31:811-822.
133. Mrozek E., Anderson P., Cligiuri M.A. Role of interleukin-15 in the development of human CD56+ natural killer cells from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 1996, 87:2632.
134. Mueller B.U., Pabst T., Fos J., Petkovic V., Fey M.F., Asou N., Buergi U., Tenen D.G. ATRA resolves the differentiation block in t(15;17) acute myeloid leukemia by restoring PU.1 expression. Blood 2006, 107:3330-3338.
135. Mullen A.C., High F.A., Hutchins A.S., Lee H.W., Villarino A.V., Livingston D.M., Kung A.L., Cereb N., Yao T.P., Yang S.Y., Reiner S.L. Role of T-bet in commitment of TH1 cells before IL-12-dependent selection. Science 2001, 292:1907-1910.
136. Mullen A.C., Hutchins A.S., High F.A., Lee H.W., Sykes K.J., Chodosh L.A., Reiner S.L. Hlx is induced by and genetically interacts with T-bet to promote heritable T(H)1 gene induction. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 3:652-658.
137. Muthusamy N., Barton K., Leiden J.M. Defective activation and survival of T cells lacking the Ets-1 transcription factor. Nature 1995, 377:639-642.
138. Naiche L.A., Harrelson Z., Kelly R.G., Papaioannou V.E. T-box genes in vertebrate development. Annu. Rev. Genet. 2005, 39:219-239.
139. Nichogiannopoulou A., Trevisan M., Friedrich C., Georgopoulos K. Ikaros in hemopoietic lineage determination and homeostasis. Semin. Immunol. 1998, 10:119-125.
140. Nichogiannopoulou A., Trevisan M., Neben S., Friedrich C., Georgopoulos K. Defects in hemopoietic stem cell activity in Ikaros mutant mice. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 190:1201-1214.
141. Nutt S.L., Metcalf D., D'Amico A., Polli M., Wu L. Dynamic regulation of PU.1 expression in multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. J. Exp. Med. 2005, 201:221-231.
142. Ogasawara K., Hida S., Azimi N., Tagaya Y., Sato T., Yokochi-Fukuda T., Waldmann T.A., Taniguchi T., Taki S. Requirement for IRF-1 in the microenvironment supporting development of natural killer cells. Nature 1998, 391:701-703.
143. Ohno S., Sato T., Kohu K., Takeda K., Okumura K., Satake M., Habu S. Runx proteins are involved in regulation of CD122, Ly49 family and IFN-gamma expression during NK cell differentiation. Int. Immunol. 2008, 20:71-79.
144. Ohteki T., Yoshida H., Matsuyama T., Duncan G.S., Mak T.W., Ohashi P.S. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is important during the maturation of natural killer 1.1+ T cell receptor-α/β+ (NK1+ T) cells, natural killer cells, and intestinal intraepithelial T cells. J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187:967-972.
145. Park S.Y., Saijo K., Takahashi T., Osawa M., Arase H., Hirayama N., Miyake K., Nakauchi H., Shirasawa T., Saito T. Developmental defects of lymphoid cells in Jak3 kinase-deficient mice. Immunity 1995, 3:771-782.
146. Payne K.J., Huang G., Sahakian E., Zhu J.Y., Barteneva N.S., Barsky L.W., Payne M.A., Crooks G.M. Ikaros isoform x is selectively expressed in myeloid differentiation. J. Immunol. 2003, 170:3091-3098.
147. Pearce E.L., Mullen A.C., Martins G.A., Krawczyk C.M., Hutchins A.S., Zediak V.P., Banica M., DiCioccio C.B., Gross D.A., Mao C.A., Shen H., Cereb N., et al. Control of effector CD8+ T cell function by the transcription factor Eomesodermin. Science 2003, 302:1041-1043.
148. Petrovick M.S., Hiebert S.W., Friedman A.D., Hetherington C.J., Tenen D.G., Zhang D.E. Multiple functional domains of AML1: PU.1 and C/EBPalpha synergize with different regions of AML1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1998, 18:3915-3925.
149. Polli M., Dakic A., Light A., Wu L., Tarlinton D.M., Nutt S.L. The development of functional B lymphocytes in conditional PU.1 knock-out mice. Blood 2005, 106:2083-2090.
150. Presnell S.R., Zhang L., Ramilo C.A., Chan H.W., Lutz C.T. Functional redundancy of transcription factor-binding sites in the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) gene promoter. Int. Immunol. 2006, 18:1221-1232.
151. Puel A., Ziegler S.F., Buckley R.H., Leonard W.J. Defective IL7R expression in T(-)B(+)NK(+) severe combined immunodeficiency. Nat. Genet. 1998, 20:394-397.
152. Ramos S.B., Garcia A.B., Viana S.R., Voltarelli J.C., Falcao R.P. Phenotypic and functional evaluation of natural killer cells in thymectomized children. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1996, 81:277-281.
153. Robbins S.H., Tessmer M.S., Van Kaer L., Brossay L. Direct effects of T-bet and MHC class I expression, but not STAT1, on peripheral NK cell maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 2005, 35:757-765.
154. Rosenbauer F., Wagner K., Kutok J.L., Iwasaki H., Le Beau M.M., Okuno Y., Akashi K., Fiering S., Tenen D.G. Acute myeloid leukemia induced by graded reduction of a lineage-specific transcription factor, PU.1. Nat. Genet. 2004, 36:624-630.
155. Rosmaraki E.E., Douagi I., Roth C., Colucci F., Cumano A., Di Santo J.P. Identification of committed NK cell progenitors in adult murine bone marrow. Eur. J. Immunol. 2001, 31:1900-1909.
156. Roth C., Carlyle J.R., Takizawa H., Raulet D.H. Clonal acquisition of inhibitory Ly49 receptors on developing NK cells is successively restricted and regulated by stromal class I MHC. Immunity 2000, 13:143-153.
157. Roth C., Rothlin C., Riou S., Raulet D.H., Lemke G. Stromal-cell regulation of natural killer cell differentiation. J. Mol. Med. 2007, 85:1047-1056.
158. Russ A.P., Wattler S., Colledge W.H., Aparicio S.A., Carlton M.B., Pearce J.J., Barton S.C., Surani M.A., Ryan K., Nehls M.C., Wilson V., Evans M.J. Eomesodermin is required for mouse trophoblast development and mesoderm formation. Nature 2000, 404:95-99.
159. Saleh A., Davies G.E., Pascal V., Wright P.W., Hodge D.L., Cho E.H., Lockett S.J., Abshari M., Anderson S.K. Identification of probabilistic transcriptional switches in the Ly49 gene cluster: A eukaryotic mechanism for selective gene activation. Immunity 2004, 21:55-66.
160. Samson S.I., Richard O., Tavian M., Ranson T., Vosshenrich C.A., Colucci F., Buer J., Grosveld F., Godin I., Di Santo J.P. GATA-3 promotes maturation, IFN-gamma production, and liver-specific homing of NK cells. Immunity 2003, 19:701-711.
161. Sanchez M.J., Muench M.O., Roncarolo M.G., Lanier L.L., Phillips J.H. Identification of a common T/natural killer cell progenitor in human fetal thymus. J. Exp. Med. 1994, 180:569-576.
162. Sanos S.L., Bui V.L., Mortha A., Oberle K., Heners C., Johner C., Diefenbach A. RORgammat and commensal microflora are required for the differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22-producing NKp46+ cells. Nat. Immunol. 2009, 10:83-91.
163. Santourlidis S., Trompeter H.I., Weinhold S., Eisermann B., Meyer K.L., Wernet P., Uhrberg M. Crucial role of DNA methylation in determination of clonally distributed killer cell Ig-like receptor expression patterns in NK cells. J. Immunol. 2002, 169:4253-4261.
164. Sato T., Ohno S., Hayashi T., Sato C., Kohu K., Satake M., Habu S. Dual functions of Runx proteins for reactivating CD8 and silencing CD4 at the commitment process into CD8 thymocytes. Immunity 2005, 22:317-328.
165. Satoh-Takayama N., Vosshenrich C.A., Lesjean-Pottier S., Sawa S., Lochner M., Rattis F., Mention J.J., Thiam K., Cerf-Bensussan N., Mandelboim O., Eberl G., Di Santo J.P. Microbial flora drives interleukin 22 production in intestinal NKp46+ cells that provide innate mucosal immune defense. Immunity 2008, 29:958-970.
166. Satoh-Takayama N., Lesjean-Pottier S., Vieira P., Sawa S., Eberl G., Vosshenrich C.A., Di Santo J.P. IL-7 and IL-15 independently program the differentiation of intestinal CD3-NKp46+ cell subsets from Id2-dependent precursors. J. Exp. Med. 2010, 207:273-280.
167. Schoenborn J.R., Wilson C.B. Regulation of interferon-gamma during innate and adaptive immune responses. Adv. Immunol. 2007, 96:41-101.
168. Schotte R., Dontje W., Nagasawa M., Yasuda Y., Bakker A.Q., Spits H., Blom B. Synergy between IL-15 and Id2 promotes the expansion of human NK progenitor cells, which can be counteracted by the E protein HEB required to drive T cell development. J. Immunol. 2010, 184:6670-6679.
169. Schwarz R.E., Hiserodt J.C. Effects of splenectomy on the development of tumor-specific immunity. J. Surg. Res. 1990, 48:448-453.
170. Scott E.W., Simon M.C., Anastasi J., Singh H. Requirement of transcription factor PU.1 in the development of multiple hematopoietic lineages. Science 1994, 265:1573-1577.
171. Seaman W.E., Blackman M.A., Gindhart T.D., Roubinian J.R., Loeb J.M., Talal N. beta-Estradiol reduces natural killer cells in mice. J. Immunol. 1978, 121:2193-2198.
172. Seaman W.E., Gindhart T.D., Greenspan J.S., Blackman M.A., Talal N. Natural killer cells, bone, and the bone marrow: Studies in estrogen-treated mice and in congenitally osteopetrotic (mi/mi) mice. J. Immunol. 1979, 122:2541-2547.
173. Shinkai Y., Rathbun G., Lam K.-P., Oltz E.M., Stewart V., Mendelsohn M., Charron J., Stall A.M., Alt F.W. RAG-2 deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement. Cell 1992, 68:855-867.
174. Sihvola M., Hurme M. The development of NK cell activity in thymectomized bone marrow chimaeras. Immunology 1984, 53:17-22.
175. Singh H., Medina K.L., Pongubala J.M. Contingent gene regulatory networks and B cell fate specification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:4949-4953.
176. Singh H., Pongubala J.M., Medina K.L. Gene regulatory networks that orchestrate the development of B lymphocyte precursors. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2007, 596:57-62.
177. Sirianni M.C., Businco L., Seminara R., Aiuti F. Severe combined immunodeficiencies, primary T-cell defects and DiGeorge syndrome in humans: Characterization by monoclonal antibodies and natural killer cell activity. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1983, 28:361-370.
178. Spits H., Blom B., Jaleco A.C., Weijer K., Verschuren M.C., van Dongen J.J., Heemskerk M.H., Res P.C. Early stages in the development of human T, natural killer and thymic dendritic cells. Immunol. Rev. 1998, 165:75-86.
179. Sullivan B.M., Juedes A., Szabo S.J., von Herrath M., Glimcher L.H. Antigen-driven effector CD8 T cell function regulated by T-bet. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:15818-15823.
180. Sun X.H. Constitutive expression of the Id1 gene impairs mouse B cell development. Cell 1994, 79:893-900.
181. Sun Z., Unutmaz D., Zou Y.R., Sunshine M.J., Pierani A., Brenner-Morton S., Mebius R.E., Littman D.R. Requirement for RORgamma in thymocyte survival and lymphoid organ development. Science 2000, 288:2369-2373.
182. Suzuki H., Duncan G.S., Takimoto H., Mak T.W. Abnormal development of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and peripheral natural killer cells in mice lacking the IL-2 receptor β chain. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 185:499-505.
183. Szabo S.J., Kim S.T., Costa G.L., Zhang X., Fathman C.G., Glimcher L.H. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell 2000, 100:655-669.
184. Szabo S.J., Sullivan B.M., Stemmann C., Satoskar A.R., Sleckman B.P., Glimcher L.H. Distinct effects of T-bet in TH1 lineage commitment and IFN-gamma production in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Science 2002, 295:338-342.
185. Taki S., Sato T., Ogasawara K., Fukuda T., Sato M., Hida S., Suzuki G., Mitsuyama M., Shin E.H., Kojima S., Taniguchi T., Asano Y. Multistage regulation of Th1-type immune responses by the transcription factor IRF-1. Immunity 1997, 6:673-679.
186. Taki S., Nakajima S., Ichikawa E., Saito T., Hida S. IFN regulatory factor-2 deficiency revealed a novel checkpoint critical for the generation of peripheral NK cells. J. Immunol. 2005, 174:6005-6012.
187. Talebian L., Li Z., Guo Y., Gaudet J., Speck M.E., Sugiyama D., Kaur P., Pear W.S., Maillard I., Speck N.A. T-lymphoid, megakaryocyte, and granulocyte development are sensitive to decreases in CBFbeta dosage. Blood 2007, 109:11-21.
188. Tamura T., Yanai H., Savitsky D., Taniguchi T. The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2008, 26:535-584.
189. Taniuchi I., Osato M., Egawa T., Sunshine M.J., Bae S.C., Komori T., Ito Y., Littman D.R. Differential requirements for Runx proteins in CD4 repression and epigenetic silencing during T lymphocyte development. Cell 2002, 111:621-633.
190. Townsend M.J., Weinmann A.S., Matsuda J.L., Salomon R., Farnham P.J., Biron C.A., Gapin L., Glimcher L.H. T-bet regulates the terminal maturation and homeostasis of NK and Valpha14i NKT cells. Immunity 2004, 20:477-494.
191. Trompeter H.I., Gomez-Lozano N., Santourlidis S., Eisermann B., Wernet P., Vilches C., Uhrberg M. Three structurally and functionally divergent kinds of promoters regulate expression of clonally distributed killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR), of KIR2DL4, and of KIR3DL3. J. Immunol. 2005, 174:4135-4143.
192. Tutt M.M., Schuler W., Kuziel W.A., Tucker P.W., Bennett M., Bosma M.J., Kumar V. T cell receptor genes do not rearrange or express functional transcripts in natural killer cells of scid mice. J. Immunol. 1987, 138:2338-2344.
193. Veinotte L.L., Wilhelm B.T., Mager D.L., Takei F. Acquisition of MHC-specific receptors on murine natural killer cells. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 2003, 23:251-266.
194. Vosshenrich C.A., Ranson T., Samson S.I., Corcuff E., Colucci F., Rosmaraki E.E., Di Santo J.P. Roles for common cytokine receptor {gamma}-chain-dependent cytokines in the generation, differentiation, and maturation of NK cell precursors and peripheral NK cells in vivo. J. Immunol. 2005, 174:1213-1221.
195. Vosshenrich C.A., Garcia-Ojeda M.E., Samson-Villeger S.I., Pasqualetto V., Enault L., Richard-Le Goff O., Corcuff E., Guy-Grand D., Rocha B., Cumano A., Rogge L., Ezine S., et al. A thymic pathway of mouse natural killer cell development characterized by expression of GATA-3 and CD127. Nat. Immunol. 2006, 7:1217-1224.
196. Wakabayashi Y., Watanabe H., Inoue J., Takeda N., Sakata J., Mishima Y., Hitomi J., Yamamoto T., Utsuyama M., Niwa O., Aizawa S., Kominami R. Bcl11b is required for differentiation and survival of alphabeta T lymphocytes. Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4:533-539.
197. Walzer T., Chiossone L., Chaix J., Calver A., Carozzo C., Garrigue-Antar L., Jacques Y., Baratin M., Tomasello E., Vivier E. Natural killer cell trafficking in vivo requires a dedicated sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8:1337-1344.
198. Wang J.H., Nichogiannopoulou A., Wu L., Sun L., Sharpe A.H., Bigby M., Georgopoulos K. Selective defects in the development of the fetal and adult lymphoid system in mice with an Ikaros null mutation. Immunity 1996, 5:537-549.
199. Wang Q., Stacy T., Miller J.D., Lewis A.F., Gu T.L., Huang X., Bushweller J.H., Bories J.C., Alt F.W., Ryan G., Liu P.P., Wynshaw-Boris A., et al. The CBFbeta subunit is essential for CBFalpha2 (AML1) function in vivo. Cell 1996, 87:697-708.
200. Wang D., John S.A., Clements J.L., Percy D.H., Barton K.P., Garrett-Sinha L.A. Ets-1 deficiency leads to altered B cell differentiation, hyperresponsiveness to TLR9 and autoimmune disease. Int. Immunol. 2005, 17:1179-1191.
201. Ware C.F. Network communications: Lymphotoxins, LIGHT, and TNF. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2005, 23:787-819.
202. Weigelt K., Ernst W., Walczak Y., Ebert S., Loenhardt T., Klug M., Rehli M., Weber B.H., Langmann T. Dap12 expression in activated microglia from retinoschisin-deficient retina and its PU.1-dependent promoter regulation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2007, 82:1564-1574.
203. Wendel M., Galani I.E., Suri-Payer E., Cerwenka A. Natural killer cell accumulation in tumors is dependent on IFN-gamma and CXCR3 ligands. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:8437-8445.
204. Werneck M.B., Lugo-Villarino G., Hwang E.S., Cantor H., Glimcher L.H. T-bet plays a key role in NK-mediated control of melanoma metastatic disease. J. Immunol. 2008, 180:8004-8010.
205. Wheeler J.C., Shigesada K., Gergen J.P., Ito Y. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by Runt domain proteins. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 2000, 11:369-375.
206. Williams N.S., Moore T.A., Schatzle J.D., Puzanov I.J., Sivakumar P.V., Zlotnik A., Bennett M., Kumar V. Generation of lytic natural killer 1.1+, Ly49- cells from multipotential murine bone marrow progenitors in a stroma-free culture: Definition of cytokine requirements and developmental intermediates. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186:1609-1614.
207. Williams N.S., Klem J., Puzanov I.J., Sivakumar P.V., Bennett M., Kumar V. Differentiation of NK1.1+, Ly49+ NK cells from flt3+ multipotent marrow progenitor cells. J. Immunol. 1999, 163:2648-2656.
208. Williams N.S., Kubota A., Bennett M., Kumar V., Takei F. Clonal analysis of NK cell development from bone marrow progenitors in vitro: Orderly acquisition of receptor gene expression. Eur. J. Immunol. 2000, 30:2074-2082.
209. Woolf E., Xiao C., Fainaru O., Lotem J., Rosen D., Negreanu V., Bernstein Y., Goldenberg D., Brenner O., Berke G., Levanon D., Groner Y. Runx3 and Runx1 are required for CD8 T cell development during thymopoiesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:7731-7736.
210. Wu Q., Sun Y., Wang J., Lin X., Wang Y., Pegg L.E., Futterer A., Pfeffer K., Fu Y.X. Signal via lymphotoxin-betaR on bone marrow stromal cells is required for an early checkpoint of NK cell development. J. Immunol. 2001, 166:1684-1689.
211. Yokota Y., Mansouri A., Mori S., Sugawara S., Adachi S., Nishikawa S.-I., Gruss P. Development of peripheral lymphoid organs and natural killer cells depends on the helix-loop-helix inhibitor Id2. Nature 1999, 397:702-706.
212. Yokoyama W.M., Kim S., French A.R. The dynamic life of natural killer cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2004, 22:405-429.
213. Yoshida T., Ng S.Y., Zuniga-Pflucker J.C., Georgopoulos K. Early hematopoietic lineage restrictions directed by Ikaros. Nat. Immunol. 2006, 7:382-391.
214. Yu C.R., Ortaldo J.R., Curiel R.E., Young H.A., Anderson S.K., Gosselin P. Role of a STAT binding site in the regulation of the human perforin promoter. J. Immunol. 1999, 162:2785-2790.
215. Zhang Y., Lichtenheld M.G. Non-killer cell-specific transcription factors silence the perforin promoter. J. Immunol. 1997, 158:1734-1741.
216. Zhuang Y., Soriano P., Weintraub H. The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation. Cell 1994, 79:875-884.
217. Zhuang Y., Cheng P., Weintraub H. B-lymphocyte development is regulated by the combined dosage of three basic helix-loop-helix genes, E2A, E2-2, and HEB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996, 16:2898-2905.