메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue , 2008, Pages 2294-2317

Cognitive Enhancers and Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Cholinesterase inhibitors; Clinical trials; Memantine; Pharmacology; Treatment

Indexed keywords


EID: 77954137347     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470515167.ch107     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (6)

References (236)
  • 1
    • 0025074669 scopus 로고
    • Multiple effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine on the cholinergic system: Biochemical and behavioural aspects. Journal of Neural Transmission
    • Adem A, Mohammed AK, and Winblad B (1990) Multiple effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine on the cholinergic system: Biochemical and behavioural aspects. Journal of Neural Transmission. Parkinsons Disease and Dementia Section 2, 113-128.
    • (1990) Parkinsons Disease and Dementia Section , vol.2 , pp. 113-128
    • Adem, A.1    Mohammed, A.K.2    Winblad, B.3
  • 2
    • 0028103819 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for therapy
    • Aisen PS and Davis KL (1994) Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 151. 1105-1113.
    • (1994) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1105-1113
    • Aisen, P.S.1    Davis, K.L.2
  • 3
    • 0034620538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
    • Aisen PS, Davis KL, Berg JD, et al. (2000) A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Neurology 54, 588-593.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 588-593
    • Aisen, P.S.1    Davis, K.L.2    Berg, J.D.3
  • 4
    • 0001643004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a multicenter trial of rofecoxib and naproxen in Alzheimer's disease
    • Neurobiology of Aging
    • Aisen PS, Schafer K, Grundman M, et al. (2002) Results of a multicenter trial of rofecoxib and naproxen in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 23, S429.
    • (2002) , vol.23
    • Aisen, P.S.1    Schafer, K.2    Grundman, M.3
  • 5
    • 33845388059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase II study targeting amyloid-beta with 3APS in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease
    • Aisen PS, Saumier D, Briand R, et al. (2006) A Phase II study targeting amyloid-beta with 3APS in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease. Neurology 67(10), 1757-1763.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , Issue.10 , pp. 1757-1763
    • Aisen, P.S.1    Saumier, D.2    Briand, R.3
  • 6
    • 0029143531 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and safety of velnacrine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mentane Study Group
    • Antuono PG (1995) Effectiveness and safety of velnacrine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Mentane Study Group. Archives of Internal Medicine 155, 1766-1772.
    • (1995) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.155 , pp. 1766-1772
    • Antuono, P.G.1
  • 7
    • 0020634081 scopus 로고
    • Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease, paralysis agitans and Korsakoff's disease
    • Arendt T, Bigl V, Arendt A, et al. (1983) Loss of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease, paralysis agitans and Korsakoff's disease. Acta Neuropathologica 61, 101-108.
    • (1983) Acta Neuropathologica , vol.61 , pp. 101-108
    • Arendt, T.1    Bigl, V.2    Arendt, A.3
  • 8
    • 0022003584 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal loss in different parts of the nucleus basalis is related to neuritic plaque formation in cortical target areas in Alzheimer's disease
    • Arendt T, Bigl V, Tennstedt A, et al. (1985) Neuronal loss in different parts of the nucleus basalis is related to neuritic plaque formation in cortical target areas in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 14, 1-14.
    • (1985) Neuroscience , vol.14 , pp. 1-14
    • Arendt, T.1    Bigl, V.2    Tennstedt, A.3
  • 9
    • 0026794041 scopus 로고
    • Changes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease resemble embryonic development-a study of molecular forms
    • Arendt T, Bruckner MK, Lange M, et al. (1992) Changes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease resemble embryonic development-a study of molecular forms. Neurochemistry International 21 (3), 381-396.
    • (1992) Neurochemistry International , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-396
    • Arendt, T.1    Bruckner, M.K.2    Lange, M.3
  • 10
    • 33746809138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans
    • Arterburn LM, Hall EB, and Oken H (2006) Distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83 (Suppl. 6), 1467S-1476S.
    • (2006) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. 6
    • Arterburn, L.M.1    Hall, E.B.2    Oken, H.3
  • 11
    • 0035964288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-dose estradiol improves cognition for women with AD: Results of a randomized study
    • Asthana S, Baker LD, Craft S, et al. (2001) High-dose estradiol improves cognition for women with AD: Results of a randomized study. Neurology 57, 605-612.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 605-612
    • Asthana, S.1    Baker, L.D.2    Craft, S.3
  • 12
    • 0022475304 scopus 로고
    • Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the aged human central nervous system
    • Atack JR, Perry EK, Bonham JR, et al. (1986) Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the aged human central nervous system. Journal of Neurochemistry 47, 263-277.
    • (1986) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.47 , pp. 263-277
    • Atack, J.R.1    Perry, E.K.2    Bonham, J.R.3
  • 13
    • 33644660826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease is reversed by an anti-A beta antibody
    • Bales KR, Tzavara ET, Wu S, et al. (2006) Cholinergic dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease is reversed by an anti-A beta antibody. Journal of Clinical Investigation 116(3), 825-832.
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.116 , Issue.3 , pp. 825-832
    • Bales, K.R.1    Tzavara, E.T.2    Wu, S.3
  • 15
    • 0034121829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by beta-amyloid
    • Bastianetto S, Ramassamy C, Dore S, et al. (2000) The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by beta-amyloid. European Journal of Neuroscience 12, 1882-1890.
    • (2000) European Journal of Neuroscience , vol.12 , pp. 1882-1890
    • Bastianetto, S.1    Ramassamy, C.2    Dore, S.3
  • 16
    • 6344233805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and their derivatives target gamma-secretase at a novel site. Evidence for an allosteric mechanism
    • Beher D, Clarke EE, Wrigley JD, et al. (2004) Selected non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and their derivatives target gamma-secretase at a novel site. Evidence for an allosteric mechanism. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279(42), 43419-43426.
    • (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , Issue.42 , pp. 43419-43426
    • Beher, D.1    Clarke, E.E.2    Wrigley, J.D.3
  • 17
    • 1842427909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colostrinin (a naturally occurring, proline-rich, polypeptide mixture) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Bilikiewicz A and Gaus W (2004) Colostrinin (a naturally occurring, proline-rich, polypeptide mixture) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 6(1), 17-26.
    • (2004) Journal of Alzheimer's Disease , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
    • Bilikiewicz, A.1    Gaus, W.2
  • 18
    • 42749100518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease
    • CD005593.
    • Birks J (2006) Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD005593.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.1
    • Birks, J.1
  • 21
    • 0026700483 scopus 로고
    • Somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease and depression
    • Bissette G and Myers B (1992) Somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease and depression. Life Sciences 51, 1389-1410.
    • (1992) Life Sciences , vol.51 , pp. 1389-1410
    • Bissette, G.1    Myers, B.2
  • 22
    • 0020077837 scopus 로고
    • Loss of neurons of origin of the adrenergic projection to cerebral cortex (nucleus locus coeruleus) in senile dementia
    • Bondareff W, Mountjoy CQ, and Roth M (1982) Loss of neurons of origin of the adrenergic projection to cerebral cortex (nucleus locus coeruleus) in senile dementia. Neurology 32, 164-168.
    • (1982) Neurology , vol.32 , pp. 164-168
    • Bondareff, W.1    Mountjoy, C.Q.2    Roth, M.3
  • 23
    • 0017133142 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies
    • Bowen DM, Smith CB, White P, et al. (1976) Neurotransmitter-related enzymes and indices of hypoxia in senile dementia and other abiotrophies. Brain 99, 459-496.
    • (1976) Brain , vol.99 , pp. 459-496
    • Bowen, D.M.1    Smith, C.B.2    White, P.3
  • 24
    • 23944516534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine prolonged-release formulation in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
    • Brodaty H, Corey-Bloom J, Potocnik FC, et al. (2005) Galantamine prolonged-release formulation in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 20 (2-3), 120-132.
    • (2005) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.20 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 120-132
    • Brodaty, H.1    Corey-Bloom, J.2    Potocnik, F.C.3
  • 25
    • 0031695197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset
    • Brookmeyer R, Gray S, and Kawas C (1998) Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. American Journal of Public Health 88, 1337-1342.
    • (1998) American Journal of Public Health , vol.88 , pp. 1337-1342
    • Brookmeyer, R.1    Gray, S.2    Kawas, C.3
  • 26
    • 0001977457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational design of new acetylcholin-ersterase inhibitors
    • In, Becker R (ed). Birkhauser, Boston, MA, USA
    • Brufani M and Filocamo L (1997) Rational design of new acetylcholin-ersterase inhibitors. In Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy, Becker R (ed). Birkhauser, Boston, MA, USA, pp 171-177.
    • (1997) Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy , pp. 171-177
    • Brufani, M.1    Filocamo, L.2
  • 27
    • 23744462680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine and donepe-zil treatment in moderate to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease over a 2-year period
    • Bullock R, Touchon J, Bergman H, et al. (2005) Rivastigmine and donepe-zil treatment in moderate to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease over a 2-year period. Current Medical Research and Opinions 21(8), 1317-1327.
    • (2005) Current Medical Research and Opinions , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 1317-1327
    • Bullock, R.1    Touchon, J.2    Bergman, H.3
  • 28
    • 0032926540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease-results from a multinational trial
    • Burns A, Rossor M, Hecker J, et al. (1999) The effects of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease-results from a multinational trial. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 10, 237-244.
    • (1999) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.10 , pp. 237-244
    • Burns, A.1    Rossor, M.2    Hecker, J.3
  • 30
    • 33344458827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M1 Receptors Play a Central Role in Modulating AD-like Pathology in Transgenic Mice
    • Caccamo A, Oddo S, Billings LM, et al. (2006) M1 Receptors Play a Central Role in Modulating AD-like Pathology in Transgenic Mice. Neuron 49(5), 671-682.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 671-682
    • Caccamo, A.1    Oddo, S.2    Billings, L.M.3
  • 31
    • 0034964390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits beta-amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice
    • Cherny RA, Atwood CS, Xilinas ME, et al. (2001) Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits beta-amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Neuron 30, 665-676.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 665-676
    • Cherny, R.A.1    Atwood, C.S.2    Xilinas, M.E.3
  • 32
    • 0019363538 scopus 로고
    • Physostigmine and areco-line: Effects of intravenous infusions in Alzheimer presenile dementia
    • Christie JE, Shering A, Ferguson J, et al. (1981) Physostigmine and areco-line: Effects of intravenous infusions in Alzheimer presenile dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry 138, 46-50.
    • (1981) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.138 , pp. 46-50
    • Christie, J.E.1    Shering, A.2    Ferguson, J.3
  • 33
    • 0026639249 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers
    • Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, et al. (1992) Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology 42, 473-480.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 473-480
    • Chui, H.C.1    Victoroff, J.I.2    Margolin, D.3
  • 34
    • 0031902795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of ENA 713 (rivastigmine tartrate): A new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease
    • Corey-Bloom J, Anand R, Veach J, et al. (1998) A randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of ENA 713 (rivastigmine tartrate): A new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychopharmacology 1, 55-65.
    • (1998) International Journal of Geriatric Psychopharmacology , vol.1 , pp. 55-65
    • Corey-Bloom, J.1    Anand, R.2    Veach, J.3
  • 35
    • 0023915822 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission: NMDA receptors and Hebb-type synaptic plasticity
    • Cotman CW, Monaghan DT, and Ganong AH (1988) Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission: NMDA receptors and Hebb-type synaptic plasticity. Annual Review of Neuroscience 11, 61-80.
    • (1988) Annual Review of Neuroscience , vol.11 , pp. 61-80
    • Cotman, C.W.1    Monaghan, D.T.2    Ganong, A.H.3
  • 36
    • 3042567016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): Randomised doubleblind trial
    • Courtney C, Farrell D, Gray R, et al. (2004) Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): Randomised doubleblind trial. Lancet 363(9427), 2105-2115.
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , Issue.9427 , pp. 2105-2115
    • Courtney, C.1    Farrell, D.2    Gray, R.3
  • 37
    • 0011162190 scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (letter)
    • Lancet
    • Davies P and Maloney AJ (1976) Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease (letter). Lancet 2, 1403.
    • (1976) , vol.2 , pp. 1403
    • Davies, P.1    Maloney, A.J.2
  • 38
    • 0019949485 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of memory processes in Alzheimer's disease with multiple-dose intravenous physostigmine
    • Davis KL and Mohs RC (1982) Enhancement of memory processes in Alzheimer's disease with multiple-dose intravenous physostigmine. American Journal of Psychiatry 139, 1421-1424.
    • (1982) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.139 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Davis, K.L.1    Mohs, R.C.2
  • 39
    • 0019256571 scopus 로고
    • Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer senile dementia
    • Davies P, Katzman R, and Terry RD (1980) Reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex from cases of Alzheimer senile dementia. Nature 288, 279-280.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , pp. 279-280
    • Davies, P.1    Katzman, R.2    Terry, R.D.3
  • 40
    • 0026756286 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Collaborative Study Group
    • Davis KL, Thal LJ, Gamzu ER, et al. (1992) A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Collaborative Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 1253-1259.
    • (1992) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.327 , pp. 1253-1259
    • Davis, K.L.1    Thal, L.J.2    Gamzu, E.R.3
  • 41
    • 4644275963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulins containing antibodies against beta-amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Dodel RC, Du Y, Depboylu C, et al. (2004) Intravenous immunoglobulins containing antibodies against beta-amyloid for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 75(10), 1472-1474.
    • (2004) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.75 , Issue.10 , pp. 1472-1474
    • Dodel, R.C.1    Du, Y.2    Depboylu, C.3
  • 42
    • 0026456125 scopus 로고
    • Effects of an extract of Gingko biloba on bromethalin-induced cerebral lipid peroxidation and edema in rats
    • Dorman DC, Cote LM, and Buck WB (1992) Effects of an extract of Gingko biloba on bromethalin-induced cerebral lipid peroxidation and edema in rats. American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, 138-142.
    • (1992) American Journal of Veterinary Research , vol.53 , pp. 138-142
    • Dorman, D.C.1    Cote, L.M.2    Buck, W.B.3
  • 43
    • 0026687506 scopus 로고
    • UV-C irradiation-induced per-oxidative degradation of microsomal fatty acids and proteins: Protection by an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761)
    • Dumont E, Petit E, Tarrade T, etal. (1992) UV-C irradiation-induced per-oxidative degradation of microsomal fatty acids and proteins: Protection by an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761). Free Radical Biology and Medicine 13, 197-203.
    • (1992) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.13 , pp. 197-203
    • Dumont, E.1    Petit, E.2    Tarrade, T.3
  • 44
    • 33745080949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of ispronicline (TC-1734), a new brain nicotinic receptor partial agonist, in young healthy male volunteers
    • Dunbar G, Demazieres A, Monreal A, et al. (2006) Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of ispronicline (TC-1734), a new brain nicotinic receptor partial agonist, in young healthy male volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 46(7), 715-726.
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.46 , Issue.7 , pp. 715-726
    • Dunbar, G.1    Demazieres, A.2    Monreal, A.3
  • 45
    • 0026631288 scopus 로고
    • Milacemide: A placebo-controlled study in senile dementia of the Alzheimer-type
    • Dysken MW, Mendels J, LeWitt P, et al. (1992) Milacemide: A placebo-controlled study in senile dementia of the Alzheimer-type. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 40, 503-506.
    • (1992) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.40 , pp. 503-506
    • Dysken, M.W.1    Mendels, J.2    LeWitt, P.3
  • 46
    • 17444438273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ondansetron in the treatment of cognitive decline in Alzheimer dementia
    • Dysken M, Kuskowski M, Love S, et al. (2002) Ondansetron in the treatment of cognitive decline in Alzheimer dementia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10, 212-215.
    • (2002) American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 212-215
    • Dysken, M.1    Kuskowski, M.2    Love, S.3
  • 47
    • 0001945744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors: An overview of their mechanisms of action
    • In, Becker R (ed). Birkhauser, Boston, MA, USA
    • Enz A and Floersheim P (1997) Cholinesterase inhibitors: An overview of their mechanisms of action. In Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy, Becker R (ed). Birkhauser, Boston, MA, USA, pp 211-215.
    • (1997) Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Biology to Therapy , pp. 211-215
    • Enz, A.1    Floersheim, P.2
  • 50
    • 0035964226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
    • Feldman H, Gauthier S, Hecker J, et al. (2001) A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 57, 613-620.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 613-620
    • Feldman, H.1    Gauthier, S.2    Hecker, J.3
  • 51
    • 34248372938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rivastigmine on delay to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from mild cognitive impairment: The InDDEx study
    • Feldman HH, Ferris S, Winblad B, et al. (2007) Effect of rivastigmine on delay to diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease from mild cognitive impairment: The InDDEx study. Lancet Neurology 6(6), 501-512.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurology , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 501-512
    • Feldman, H.H.1    Ferris, S.2    Winblad, B.3
  • 52
    • 0022525677 scopus 로고
    • Observations in a preliminary open trial of estradiol therapy for senile dementia-Alzheimer's type
    • Fillit H, Weinreb H, Cholst I, et al. (1986) Observations in a preliminary open trial of estradiol therapy for senile dementia-Alzheimer's type. Psychoneuroendocrinology 11, 337-345.
    • (1986) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.11 , pp. 337-345
    • Fillit, H.1    Weinreb, H.2    Cholst, I.3
  • 53
    • 0035231829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of Nicergoline in dementia and other age associated forms of cognitive impairment
    • CD003159.
    • Fioravanti M and Flicker L (2001) Efficacy of Nicergoline in dementia and other age associated forms of cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD003159.
    • (2001) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.4
    • Fioravanti, M.1    Flicker, L.2
  • 55
    • 0016823810 scopus 로고
    • Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician
    • Folstein MF, Folstein SE, and McHugh PR (1975) Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 12, 189-198.
    • (1975) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.12 , pp. 189-198
    • Folstein, M.F.1    Folstein, S.E.2    McHugh, P.R.3
  • 56
    • 0000171298 scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic effects of SR57746A, a new non-peptide compound: In vitro studies
    • Fournier J, Gauthier T, Keane P, et al. (1992) Neurotrophic effects of SR57746A, a new non-peptide compound: In vitro studies. British Journal of Pharmacology 106, 120P.
    • (1992) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.106
    • Fournier, J.1    Gauthier, T.2    Keane, P.3
  • 57
    • 0027303254 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of theSR 57746A in central and peripheral models of neurodegenerative disorders in rodents and primates
    • Fournier J, Steinberg R, Gauthier T, et al. (1993) Protective effects of theSR 57746A in central and peripheral models of neurodegenerative disorders in rodents and primates. Neuroscience 55, 629-641.
    • (1993) Neuroscience , vol.55 , pp. 629-641
    • Fournier, J.1    Steinberg, R.2    Gauthier, T.3
  • 58
    • 0021797563 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical studies of early-onset alzheimer's disease. Possible influence on treatment
    • Francis PT, Palmer AM, Sims NR, et al. (1985) Neurochemical studies of early-onset alzheimer's disease. Possible influence on treatment. New England Journal of Medicine 313, 7-11.
    • (1985) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.313 , pp. 7-11
    • Francis, P.T.1    Palmer, A.M.2    Sims, N.R.3
  • 60
    • 0029414770 scopus 로고
    • Clinical findings with nimodipine in dementia: Test of the calcium hypothesis
    • Fritze J and Walden J (1995) Clinical findings with nimodipine in dementia: Test of the calcium hypothesis. Journal of Neural Transmission 46 (Suppl.), 439-453.
    • (1995) Journal of Neural Transmission , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 439-453
    • Fritze, J.1    Walden, J.2
  • 61
    • 0030771116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
    • Galasko D, Bennett D, Sano M, et al. (1997) An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 11, S33-S39.
    • (1997) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.11
    • Galasko, D.1    Bennett, D.2    Sano, M.3
  • 62
    • 33745981089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, phermacolokinetics and Aβ levels following short-term administration of R-flurbiporfen in healthy elderly individuals: A Phase I study
    • th International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    • th International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    • (2004)
    • Galasko, D.1    Graff-Radford, N.2    Murphy, M.P.3
  • 63
    • 17844374592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of flurbiprofen and chemically related anti-inflammatory drugs in models of Alzheimers disease
    • Gasparini L, Ongini E, Wilcock D, et al. (2005) Activity of flurbiprofen and chemically related anti-inflammatory drugs in models of Alzheimers disease. Brain Research Reviews 48, 400-408.
    • (2005) Brain Research Reviews , vol.48 , pp. 400-408
    • Gasparini, L.1    Ongini, E.2    Wilcock, D.3
  • 64
    • 0034820554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosaminoglycan mimet-ics: A therapeutic approach to cerebral amyloid angiopathy
    • Gervais F, Chalifour R, Garceau D, et al. (2001) Glycosaminoglycan mimet-ics: A therapeutic approach to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Amyloid 8 (Suppl. 1), 28-35.
    • (2001) Amyloid , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 28-35
    • Gervais, F.1    Chalifour, R.2    Garceau, D.3
  • 65
    • 20944448555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AN1792(QS-21)-201 Study Team. Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
    • Gilman S, Koller M, Black RS, et al. (2005) AN1792(QS-21)-201 Study Team. Clinical effects of Abeta immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial. Neurology 64(9), 1553-1562.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.9 , pp. 1553-1562
    • Gilman, S.1    Koller, M.2    Black, R.S.3
  • 67
    • 0028153969 scopus 로고
    • Effect of AIT-082, a purine analog, on working memory in normal and aged mice
    • Glasky AJ, Melchior CL, Pirzadeh B, et al. (1994) Effect of AIT-082, a purine analog, on working memory in normal and aged mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 47(2), 325-329.
    • (1994) Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 325-329
    • Glasky, A.J.1    Melchior, C.L.2    Pirzadeh, B.3
  • 68
    • 33745685544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuro trophic effects of the peptide NAP: A novel neuroprotective drug candidate
    • Gozes I and Spivak-Pohis I (2006) Neuro trophic effects of the peptide NAP: A novel neuroprotective drug candidate. Current Alzheimer Research 3 (3), 197-199.
    • (2006) Current Alzheimer Research , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-199
    • Gozes, I.1    Spivak-Pohis, I.2
  • 69
    • 3242887701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of action mechanisms of dimebon and memantine on AMPA-and NMDA-subtypes glutamate receptors in rat cerebral neurons
    • Grigorev VV, Dranyi OA, and Bachurin SO (2003) Comparative study of action mechanisms of dimebon and memantine on AMPA-and NMDA-subtypes glutamate receptors in rat cerebral neurons. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 136(5), 474-477.
    • (2003) Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine , vol.136 , Issue.5 , pp. 474-477
    • Grigorev, V.V.1    Dranyi, O.A.2    Bachurin, S.O.3
  • 70
    • 0038631907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled, multiple-dose, safety and pharmacokinetic study of AIT-082 (Neotrofin) in mild Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Grundman M, Capparelli E, Kim HT, et al. (2003) A multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled, multiple-dose, safety and pharmacokinetic study of AIT-082 (Neotrofin) in mild Alzheimer's disease patients. Life Sciences 73(5), 539-55.
    • (2003) Life Sciences , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 539-555
    • Grundman, M.1    Capparelli, E.2    Kim, H.T.3
  • 71
    • 0031593616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained efficacy and safety of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Update on a 2-year double-blind multicentre study
    • Gutzmann H and Hadler D (1998) Sustained efficacy and safety of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Update on a 2-year double-blind multicentre study. Journal of Neural Transmission 54 (Suppl.), 301-310.
    • (1998) Journal of Neural Transmission , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 301-310
    • Gutzmann, H.1    Hadler, D.2
  • 72
    • 0029662104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of brief infusions with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the vascular and Alzheimer-type
    • Haase J, Halama P, and Horr R (1996) Effectiveness of brief infusions with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the vascular and Alzheimer-type. Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie 29, 302-309.
    • (1996) Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie , vol.29 , pp. 302-309
    • Haase, J.1    Halama, P.2    Horr, R.3
  • 73
    • 0034855391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of inflammation and cellular adhesion molecules in relation to insulin-resistance in nondiabetic elderly: The Rotterdam study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Stehouwer CD, et al. (2001) Markers of inflammation and cellular adhesion molecules in relation to insulin-resistance in nondiabetic elderly: The Rotterdam study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86, 4398-4405.
    • (2001) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.86 , pp. 4398-4405
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Stehouwer, C.D.3
  • 74
    • 0030986003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulation of Alzheimer's β-amyloid precursor protein levels in the CSF of rats with forebrain cholinergic system lesions. Brain Research
    • Haroutunian V, Greig N, Pei XF, et al. (1997) Pharmacological modulation of Alzheimer's β-amyloid precursor protein levels in the CSF of rats with forebrain cholinergic system lesions. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 46(1-2), 161-168.
    • (1997) Molecular Brain Research , vol.46 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 161-168
    • Haroutunian, V.1    Greig, N.2    Pei, X.F.3
  • 75
    • 0028819939 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues
    • Harvey AL (1995) The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 68, 113-128.
    • (1995) Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.68 , pp. 113-128
    • Harvey, A.L.1
  • 76
    • 16844372347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does donepezil treatment slow the progression of hippocampal atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease?
    • Hashimoto M, Kazui H, Matsumoto K, et al. (2005) Does donepezil treatment slow the progression of hippocampal atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease? American Journal of Psychiatry 162(4), 676-682.
    • (2005) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.4 , pp. 676-682
    • Hashimoto, M.1    Kazui, H.2    Matsumoto, K.3
  • 77
    • 0034711656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen for Alzheimer's disease in women: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Henderson VW, Paganini-Hill A, Miller BL, et al. (2000) Estrogen for Alzheimer's disease in women: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 54, 295-301.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 295-301
    • Henderson, V.W.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Miller, B.L.3
  • 78
    • 0028276893 scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation
    • Hofferberth B (1994) The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation. Human Psychopharmacology 9, 215-222.
    • (1994) Human Psychopharmacology , vol.9 , pp. 215-222
    • Hofferberth, B.1
  • 79
    • 3242775357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease
    • Holmes C, Wilkinson D, Dean C, et al. (2004) The efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 63(2), 214-219.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 214-219
    • Holmes, C.1    Wilkinson, D.2    Dean, C.3
  • 80
    • 0033758977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy and safety of donepezil on cognitive and global function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A 24-week, multicenter, double-blind, pleacebo-controlled study in Japan. E2020 Study Group
    • Homma A, Takeda M, Imai Y, et al. (2000) Clinical efficacy and safety of donepezil on cognitive and global function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A 24-week, multicenter, double-blind, pleacebo-controlled study in Japan. E2020 Study Group. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 11(6), 299-313.
    • (2000) Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 299-313
    • Homma, A.1    Takeda, M.2    Imai, Y.3
  • 81
    • 20244371008 scopus 로고
    • In vivo effects by estrone sulfate on the central nervous system-senile dementia (Alzheimer's type)
    • Honjo H, Ogino Y, Naitoh K, et al. (1989) In vivo effects by estrone sulfate on the central nervous system-senile dementia (Alzheimer's type). Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 34, 521-525.
    • (1989) Journal of Steroid Biochemistry , vol.34 , pp. 521-525
    • Honjo, H.1    Ogino, Y.2    Naitoh, K.3
  • 82
    • 34948834261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease
    • Howard RJ, Juszocak E, Ballard CG, et al. (2007) Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease. New England Journal of Medicine 357(14), 1382-1392.
    • (2007) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.357 , Issue.14 , pp. 1382-1392
    • Howard, R.J.1    Juszocak, E.2    Ballard, C.G.3
  • 83
    • 0028178378 scopus 로고
    • Decreased cerebral 5-HT1A receptors during ageing: Reversal by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)
    • Huguet F, Drieu K, and Piriou A (1994) Decreased cerebral 5-HT1A receptors during ageing: Reversal by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 46, 316-318.
    • (1994) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , vol.46 , pp. 316-318
    • Huguet, F.1    Drieu, K.2    Piriou, A.3
  • 84
    • 0029863697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase accelerates assembly of amyloid-beta-peptides into Alzheimer's fibrils: Possible role of the peripheral site of the enzyme
    • Inestrosa NC, Alvarez A, Perez CA, et al. (1996) Acetylcholinesterase accelerates assembly of amyloid-beta-peptides into Alzheimer's fibrils: Possible role of the peripheral site of the enzyme. Neuron 16, 881-891.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 881-891
    • Inestrosa, N.C.1    Alvarez, A.2    Perez, C.A.3
  • 85
    • 0031214027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement by an ampakine of memory encoding in humans
    • Ingvar M, Ambros-Ingerson J, Davis M, et al. (1997) Enhancement by an ampakine of memory encoding in humans. Experimental Neurology 146(2), 553-559.
    • (1997) Experimental Neurology , vol.146 , Issue.2 , pp. 553-559
    • Ingvar, M.1    Ambros-Ingerson, J.2    Davis, M.3
  • 86
    • 0034700471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A[beta] peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Janus C, Pearson J, McLaurin J, et al. (2000) A[beta] peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 408, 979-982.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 979-982
    • Janus, C.1    Pearson, J.2    McLaurin, J.3
  • 87
    • 33644972843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-dose plasma pharmacokinetic and safety study of LY450108 and LY451395 (AMPA receptor potentiators) and their concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in healthy human subjects
    • Jhee SS, Chappell AS, Zarotsky V, et al. (2006) Multiple-dose plasma pharmacokinetic and safety study of LY450108 and LY451395 (AMPA receptor potentiators) and their concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in healthy human subjects. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 46(4), 424-432.
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 424-432
    • Jhee, S.S.1    Chappell, A.S.2    Zarotsky, V.3
  • 88
    • 0034638746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins and the risk of dementia
    • Jick H, Zornberg GL, Jick SS, et al. (2000) Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet 356(9242), 1627-1631.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , Issue.9242 , pp. 1627-1631
    • Jick, H.1    Zornberg, G.L.2    Jick, S.S.3
  • 89
    • 84907035254 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cholinergic enhancement therapies on memory function in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of the literature
    • Jorm AF (1986) Effects of cholinergic enhancement therapies on memory function in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of the literature. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 20, 237-240.
    • (1986) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 237-240
    • Jorm, A.F.1
  • 90
    • 0023628422 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of dementia: A quantitative integration of the literature
    • Jorm AF, Korten AE, and Henderson AS (1987) The prevalence of dementia: A quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scan-dinavica 76, 465-479.
    • (1987) Acta Psychiatrica Scan-dinavica , vol.76 , pp. 465-479
    • Jorm, A.F.1    Korten, A.E.2    Henderson, A.S.3
  • 91
    • 0030775948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the Rotterdam Study
    • Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Ott A, et al. (1997) Dietary fat intake and the risk of incident dementia in the Rotterdam Study. Annals of Neurology 42(5), 776-782.
    • (1997) Annals of Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 776-782
    • Kalmijn, S.1    Launer, L.J.2    Ott, A.3
  • 92
    • 0001865754 scopus 로고
    • Wirksamkeitsnachweis von Neotropika am Beispiel von Nimodipin-ein Beitrag zur entwicklung geeigneter klinischer Prufmodelle
    • Kanowski S, Fischof P, and Hiersemenzel R (1988) Wirksamkeitsnachweis von Neotropika am Beispiel von Nimodipin-ein Beitrag zur entwicklung geeigneter klinischer Prufmodelle. Z Gerontopsychol Psychiatr 1, 35-44.
    • (1988) Z Gerontopsychol Psychiatr , vol.1 , pp. 35-44
    • Kanowski, S.1    Fischof, P.2    Hiersemenzel, R.3
  • 93
    • 0029871249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer-type or multi-infarct dementia
    • Kanowski S, Herrmann WM, Stephan K, et al. (1996) Proof of efficacy of the ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer-type or multi-infarct dementia. Pharmacopsychiatry 29, 47-56.
    • (1996) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 47-56
    • Kanowski, S.1    Herrmann, W.M.2    Stephan, K.3
  • 94
    • 34547787131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Kavirajan H and Schneider LN (2007) Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Lancet Neurology 6(9), 782-792.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurology , vol.6 , Issue.9 , pp. 782-792
    • Kavirajan, H.1    Schneider, L.N.2
  • 96
    • 0022414054 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Khachaturian ZS (1985) Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology 42, 1097-1105.
    • (1985) Archives of Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Khachaturian, Z.S.1
  • 97
    • 14044261099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valproate protects cells from ER stress-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3
    • Kim AJ, Shi Y, Austin RC, et al. (2005) Valproate protects cells from ER stress-induced lipid accumulation and apoptosis by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3. Journal of Cell Science 118(Pt. 1), 89-99.
    • (2005) Journal of Cell Science , vol.118 , Issue.PT. 1 , pp. 89-99
    • Kim, A.J.1    Shi, Y.2    Austin, R.C.3
  • 98
    • 0028270519 scopus 로고
    • A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group
    • Knapp MJ, Knopman DS, Solomon PR, et al. (1994) A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The Tacrine Study Group. The Journal of the American Medical Association 271(13), 985-991.
    • (1994) The Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.271 , Issue.13 , pp. 985-991
    • Knapp, M.J.1    Knopman, D.S.2    Solomon, P.R.3
  • 99
    • 0024267460 scopus 로고
    • The striatal dopamine dependency of life span in male rats. Longevity study with (-)deprenyl
    • Knoll J (1988) The striatal dopamine dependency of life span in male rats. Longevity study with (-)deprenyl. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 46, 237-262.
    • (1988) Mechanisms of Ageing and Development , vol.46 , pp. 237-262
    • Knoll, J.1
  • 100
    • 0027056607 scopus 로고
    • Changes of high-affinity choline uptake in the hippocampus of old rats after long term administration of two nootropic drugs (Tacrine and Ginkgo biloba extract)
    • Kristofikova Z, Benesova O, and Tejkalova H (1992) Changes of high-affinity choline uptake in the hippocampus of old rats after long term administration of two nootropic drugs (Tacrine and Ginkgo biloba extract). Dementia 3, 304-307.
    • (1992) Dementia , vol.3 , pp. 304-307
    • Kristofikova, Z.1    Benesova, O.2    Tejkalova, H.3
  • 101
    • 33645840152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of paliroden (SR57667B) and xaliproden on adult brain neurogenesis
    • Labie C, Canolle B, Chatelin S, et al. (2006) Effects of paliroden (SR57667B) and xaliproden on adult brain neurogenesis. Current Alzheimer Research 3(1), 35-36.
    • (2006) Current Alzheimer Research , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-36
    • Labie, C.1    Canolle, B.2    Chatelin, S.3
  • 102
    • 0034489269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors, beta-amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta-peptides in Alzheimer's disease
    • Lahiri DK, Farlow MR, Hintz N, et al. (2000) Cholinesterase inhibitors, beta-amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta-peptides in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 176 (Suppl.), 60-67.
    • (2000) Acta Neurologica Scandinavica , vol.176 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 60-67
    • Lahiri, D.K.1    Farlow, M.R.2    Hintz, N.3
  • 103
    • 0027059023 scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic agonist carba-chol reduces intracellular beta-amyloid precursor protein in PC 12 and C6 cells
    • Lahiri DK, Nall C, and Farlow MR (1992) The cholinergic agonist carba-chol reduces intracellular beta-amyloid precursor protein in PC 12 and C6 cells. Biochemistry International 28, 853-860.
    • (1992) Biochemistry International , vol.28 , pp. 853-860
    • Lahiri, D.K.1    Nall, C.2    Farlow, M.R.3
  • 105
    • 0035183230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina
    • Lauritzen L, Hansen HS, Jorgensen MH, et al. (2001) The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina. Progress in Lipid Research 40(1-2), 1-94.
    • (2001) Progress in Lipid Research , vol.40 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-94
    • Lauritzen, L.1    Hansen, H.S.2    Jorgensen, M.H.3
  • 106
    • 0030759072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group
    • Le Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, et al. (1997) A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Association 278, 1327-1332.
    • (1997) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.278 , pp. 1327-1332
    • Le Bars, P.L.1    Katz, M.M.2    Berman, N.3
  • 107
    • 6944257397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criteria used by drug regulatory authorities
    • In, Qizilbash N, Schneider L, Chui H, et al. (eds). Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
    • Leber P (2002) Criteria used by drug regulatory authorities. In Evidence-Based Dementia Practice, Qizilbash N, Schneider L, Chui H, et al. (eds). Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, pp 376-387.
    • (2002) Evidence-Based Dementia Practice , pp. 376-387
    • Leber, P.1
  • 108
    • 0346101885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced proteolysis of beta-amyloid in APP transgenic mice prevents plaque formation, secondary pathology, and premature death
    • Leissring MA, Farris W, Chang AY, et al. (2003) Enhanced proteolysis of beta-amyloid in APP transgenic mice prevents plaque formation, secondary pathology, and premature death. Neuron 40, 1087-1093.
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.40 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Leissring, M.A.1    Farris, W.2    Chang, A.Y.3
  • 110
    • 0036218369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimebon and tacrine inhibit neurotoxic action of beta-amyloid in culture and block L-type Ca(2+) channels
    • Lermontova NN, Redkozubov AE, Shevtsova EF, et al. (2001) Dimebon and tacrine inhibit neurotoxic action of beta-amyloid in culture and block L-type Ca(2+) channels. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 132(5), 1079-1083.
    • (2001) Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine , vol.132 , Issue.5 , pp. 1079-1083
    • Lermontova, N.N.1    Redkozubov, A.E.2    Shevtsova, E.F.3
  • 112
    • 84889818690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEM 1003, A novel L-type CA2+ channel modulator, as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease
    • International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Madrid, Spain. (Abstract P4-437).
    • Lowe D, De Vivo M, Tripodi C, et al. (2006) MEM 1003, A novel L-type CA2+ channel modulator, as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease. International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Madrid, Spain. (Abstract P4-437).
    • (2006)
    • Lowe, D.1    De Vivo, M.2    Tripodi, C.3
  • 113
    • 33645510613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • CD001747.
    • Loy C and Schneider L (2006) Galantamine for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD001747.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Issue.1
    • Loy, C.1    Schneider, L.2
  • 114
    • 0032057656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits
    • Lupien SJ, de Leon M, de Santi S, et al. (1998) Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nature Neuroscience 1, 69-73.
    • (1998) Nature Neuroscience , vol.1 , pp. 69-73
    • Lupien, S.J.1    De Leon, M.2    De Santi, S.3
  • 115
    • 0029991210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological effects of a drug that facilitates brain AMPA receptors
    • Lynch G, Kessler M, Rogers G, et al. (1996) Psychological effects of a drug that facilitates brain AMPA receptors. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 11(1), 13-19.
    • (1996) International Clinical Psychopharmacology , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-19
    • Lynch, G.1    Kessler, M.2    Rogers, G.3
  • 116
    • 0035251675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allosteric sensitization of nicotinic receptors by galantamine, a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease
    • Maelicke A, Samochocki M, Jostock R, et al. (2001) Allosteric sensitization of nicotinic receptors by galantamine, a new treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Biological Psychiatry 49, 279-288.
    • (2001) Biological Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 279-288
    • Maelicke, A.1    Samochocki, M.2    Jostock, R.3
  • 118
    • 0028970069 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsants attenuate amyloid beta-peptide neurotoxicity, Ca2 +deregulation, and cytoskeletal pathology
    • Mark RJ, Ashford JW, Goodman Y, et al. (1995) Anticonvulsants attenuate amyloid beta-peptide neurotoxicity, Ca2 +deregulation, and cytoskeletal pathology. Neurobiology of Aging 16(2), 187-198.
    • (1995) Neurobiology of Aging , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-198
    • Mark, R.J.1    Ashford, J.W.2    Goodman, Y.3
  • 119
    • 0029058321 scopus 로고
    • Changes in brain somatostatin in memory deficient rats: Comparison with cholinergic markers
    • Matsuoka N, Yamazaki M, and Yamaguchi I (1995) Changes in brain somatostatin in memory deficient rats: Comparison with cholinergic markers. Neuroscience 66, 617-626.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.66 , pp. 617-626
    • Matsuoka, N.1    Yamazaki, M.2    Yamaguchi, I.3
  • 120
    • 0030775196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Maurer K, Ihl R, Dierks T, et al. (1997) Clinical efficacy of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Psychiatric Research 31, 645-655.
    • (1997) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.31 , pp. 645-655
    • Maurer, K.1    Ihl, R.2    Dierks, T.3
  • 121
    • 33744726880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands
    • Mazurov A, Hauser T, and Miller CH (2006) Selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Current Medicinal Chemistry 13(13), 1567-1584.
    • (2006) Current Medicinal Chemistry , vol.13 , Issue.13 , pp. 1567-1584
    • Mazurov, A.1    Hauser, T.2    Miller, C.H.3
  • 122
    • 0006164301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): Report of the consortium on DLB international workshop
    • McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, et al. (1996) Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): Report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology 47, 1113-1124.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 1113-1124
    • McKeith, I.G.1    Galasko, D.2    Kosaka, K.3
  • 123
    • 0021271971 scopus 로고
    • Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease
    • McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, et al. (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 34, 939-944.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 939-944
    • McKhann, G.1    Drachman, D.2    Folstein, M.3
  • 124
    • 33745922350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclohexanehexol inhibitors of Abeta aggregation prevent and reverse Alzheimer phenotype in a mouse model
    • McLaurin J, Kierstead ME, Brown ME, et al. (2006) Cyclohexanehexol inhibitors of Abeta aggregation prevent and reverse Alzheimer phenotype in a mouse model. Nature Medicine 12(7), 801-808.
    • (2006) Nature Medicine , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 801-808
    • McLaurin, J.1    Kierstead, M.E.2    Brown, M.E.3
  • 126
    • 0025050782 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance on L-deprenyl prolongs life in aged male rats
    • Milgram NW, Racine RJ, Nellis P, et al. (1990) Maintenance on L-deprenyl prolongs life in aged male rats. Life Sciences 47, 415-420.
    • (1990) Life Sciences , vol.47 , pp. 415-420
    • Milgram, N.W.1    Racine, R.J.2    Nellis, P.3
  • 127
    • 0025908356 scopus 로고
    • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Mirra SS, Heyman A, McKeel D, et al. (1991) The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 41, 479-486.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 479-486
    • Mirra, S.S.1    Heyman, A.2    McKeel, D.3
  • 128
    • 0021925448 scopus 로고
    • Oral physostigmine treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Mohs RC, Davis BM, Johns CA, et al. (1985) Oral physostigmine treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 142, 28-33.
    • (1985) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.142 , pp. 28-33
    • Mohs, R.C.1    Davis, B.M.2    Johns, C.A.3
  • 129
    • 0030814418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: Additions to the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale that broaden its scope. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
    • Mohs RC, Knopman D, Petersen RC, et al. (1997) Development of cognitive instruments for use in clinical trials of antidementia drugs: Additions to the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale that broaden its scope. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 11, S13-S21.
    • (1997) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.11
    • Mohs, R.C.1    Knopman, D.2    Petersen, R.C.3
  • 130
    • 0035859851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-year, placebo-controlled preservation of function survival study of donepezil in AD patients
    • Mohs RC, Doody RS, Morris JC, et al. (2001) 1-year, placebo-controlled preservation of function survival study of donepezil in AD patients. Neurology 57, 481-488.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 481-488
    • Mohs, R.C.1    Doody, R.S.2    Morris, J.C.3
  • 131
    • 0030947805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FK960 [N-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-p-fluorobenzamide monohydrate], a novel potential antidementia drug, improves visual recognition memory in rhesus monkeys: Comparison with physostigmine
    • Matsuoka N and Aigner TG (1997) FK960 [N-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-p-fluorobenzamide monohydrate], a novel potential antidementia drug, improves visual recognition memory in rhesus monkeys: Comparison with physostigmine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 280, 1201-1209.
    • (1997) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.280 , pp. 1201-1209
    • Matsuoka, N.1    Aigner, T.G.2
  • 132
    • 0036150827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease-do tauists and baptists finally shake hands?
    • Mudher A and Lovestone S (2002) Alzheimer's disease-do tauists and baptists finally shake hands? Trends in Neurosciences 25(1), 22-26.
    • (2002) Trends in Neurosciences , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-26
    • Mudher, A.1    Lovestone, S.2
  • 133
    • 0343811715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic M1 receptor agonists increase the secretion of the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain
    • Muller D, Mendla K, Farber SA, et al. (1997) Muscarinic M1 receptor agonists increase the secretion of the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain. Life Sciences 60, 985-991.
    • (1997) Life Sciences , vol.60 , pp. 985-991
    • Muller, D.1    Mendla, K.2    Farber, S.A.3
  • 134
    • 0034704547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
    • Mulnard RA, Cotman CW, Kawas C, et al. (2000) Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Journal of American Medical Association 283, 1007-1015.
    • (2000) Journal of American Medical Association , vol.283 , pp. 1007-1015
    • Mulnard, R.A.1    Cotman, C.W.2    Kawas, C.3
  • 135
    • 0036044370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved global function and activities of daily living in patients with AD: A placebo-controlled clinical study with the neurotrophic agent Cerebrolysin
    • Muresanu DF, Rainer M, and Moessler H (2002) Improved global function and activities of daily living in patients with AD: A placebo-controlled clinical study with the neurotrophic agent Cerebrolysin. Journal of Neural Transmission 62 (Suppl.), 277-285.
    • (2002) Journal of Neural Transmission , vol.62 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 277-285
    • Muresanu, D.F.1    Rainer, M.2    Moessler, H.3
  • 136
    • 0035251676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Newhouse PA, Potter A, Kelton M, et al. (2001) Nicotinic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biological Psychiatry 49(3), 268-278.
    • (2001) Biological Psychiatry , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 268-278
    • Newhouse, P.A.1    Potter, A.2    Kelton, M.3
  • 137
    • 0025332303 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of nootropics and metabolically active compounds in relation to their use in dementia
    • Nicholson CD (1990) Pharmacology of nootropics and metabolically active compounds in relation to their use in dementia. Psychopharmacology 101, 147-159.
    • (1990) Psychopharmacology , vol.101 , pp. 147-159
    • Nicholson, C.D.1
  • 138
    • 0037393454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: A case report
    • Nicoll JA, Wilkinson D, Holmes C, et al. (2003) Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: A case report. Nature Medicine 9(4), 448-452.
    • (2003) Nature Medicine , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 448-452
    • Nicoll, J.A.1    Wilkinson, D.2    Holmes, C.3
  • 139
    • 0026476297 scopus 로고
    • Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Nitsch RM, Slack BE, Wurtman RJ, et al. (1992) Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Science 258, 304-307.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 304-307
    • Nitsch, R.M.1    Slack, B.E.2    Wurtman, R.J.3
  • 140
    • 0035251677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotinic receptor abnormalities of Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic implications
    • Nordberg A (2001) Nicotinic receptor abnormalities of Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic implications. Biological Psychiatry 49(3), 200-210.
    • (2001) Biological Psychiatry , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 200-210
    • Nordberg, A.1
  • 141
    • 0028087659 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of estrogen treatment in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Ohkura T, Isse K, Akazawa K, et al. (1994) Evaluation of estrogen treatment in female patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Endocrine Journal 41, 361-371.
    • (1994) Endocrine Journal , vol.41 , pp. 361-371
    • Ohkura, T.1    Isse, K.2    Akazawa, K.3
  • 143
    • 1542364225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin has potent anti-amyloidogenic effects for Alzheimer's beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro
    • Ono K, Hasegawa K, Naiki H, et al. (2004) Curcumin has potent anti-amyloidogenic effects for Alzheimer's beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro. Journal of Neuroscience Research 75(6), 742-750.
    • (2004) Journal of Neuroscience Research , vol.75 , Issue.6 , pp. 742-750
    • Ono, K.1    Hasegawa, K.2    Naiki, H.3
  • 144
    • 84884830573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination treatment of AD (abstract S5-04-04)
    • Orgogozo JM (2006) Vaccination treatment of AD (abstract S5-04-04). Alzheimer's and Dementia 2, S94
    • (2006) Alzheimer's and Dementia , vol.2
    • Orgogozo, J.M.1
  • 146
    • 0036318340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrolysin in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a neu-rotrophic agent
    • Panisset M, Gauthier S, Moessler H, et al. (2002) Cerebrolysin in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a neu-rotrophic agent. Journal of Neural Transmission 109(7-8), 1089-1104.
    • (2002) Journal of Neural Transmission , vol.109 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 1089-1104
    • Panisset, M.1    Gauthier, S.2    Moessler, H.3
  • 147
    • 0343580446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal histamine deficit in Alzheimer's disease
    • Panula P, Rinne J, Kuokkanen K, et al. (1998) Neuronal histamine deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 82(4), 993-997.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 993-997
    • Panula, P.1    Rinne, J.2    Kuokkanen, K.3
  • 148
    • 0027530638 scopus 로고
    • Effects to tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease
    • Parkinson Study Group
    • Parkinson Study Group (1993) Effects to tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. New England Journal of Medicine 328(3), 176-183.
    • (1993) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.328 , Issue.3 , pp. 176-183
  • 149
    • 33646060130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    • Health Technology Assessment: Hta/Nhs R&D Hta Programme
    • Perras C, Shukla VK, Lessard C, et al. (2005) Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Health Technology Assessment: Hta/Nhs R&D Hta Programme 58, 1117.
    • (2005) , vol.58 , pp. 1117
    • Perras, C.1    Shukla, V.K.2    Lessard, C.3
  • 150
    • 0017360731 scopus 로고
    • Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia
    • Lancet
    • Perry EK, Perry RH, Blessed G, et al. (1977) Necropsy evidence of central cholinergic deficits in senile dementia. Lancet 1, 189.
    • (1977) , vol.1 , pp. 189
    • Perry, E.K.1    Perry, R.H.2    Blessed, G.3
  • 151
    • 0018078940 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia
    • Perry EK, Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, et al. (1978) Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia. British Medical Journal 2, 1457-1459.
    • (1978) British Medical Journal , vol.2 , pp. 1457-1459
    • Perry, E.K.1    Tomlinson, B.E.2    Blessed, G.3
  • 152
    • 33746924907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine treatment in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A 24-week randomized, controlled trial
    • Peskind ER, Potkin SG, Pomara N, et al. (2006) Memantine treatment in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: A 24-week randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14(8), 704-715.
    • (2006) American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 704-715
    • Peskind, E.R.1    Potkin, S.G.2    Pomara, N.3
  • 153
    • 0035826925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Petersen RC, Stevens JC, Ganguli M, et al. (2001) Practice parameter: Early detection of dementia: Mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 56, 1133-1142.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Stevens, J.C.2    Ganguli, M.3
  • 154
    • 20344381835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Group. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment
    • Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M et al. (2005) Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Group. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. New England Journal of Medicine 352, 2379-2388.
    • (2005) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.352 , pp. 2379-2388
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Thomas, R.G.2    Grundman, M.3
  • 156
    • 0037076475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mifepristone (RU 486) for Alzheimer's disease
    • Pomara N, Doraiswamy PM, Tun H, et al. (2002) Mifepristone (RU 486) for Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 58 (9), 1436.
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , Issue.9 , pp. 1436
    • Pomara, N.1    Doraiswamy, P.M.2    Tun, H.3
  • 157
    • 0029811477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fisher symposium: Strategies for the prevention of Alzheimer disease-overview of research planning meeting III
    • Radebaugh TS, Buckholtz NS, and Khachaturian ZS (1996) Fisher symposium: Strategies for the prevention of Alzheimer disease-overview of research planning meeting III. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 10, 1-5.
    • (1996) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.10 , pp. 1-5
    • Radebaugh, T.S.1    Buckholtz, N.S.2    Khachaturian, Z.S.3
  • 158
    • 0035933672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers memantine, MRZ 2/579 and other amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes antagonise 5-HT(3) receptor currents in cultured HEK-293 and N1E-115 cell systems in a non-competitive manner
    • Rammes G, Rupprecht R, Ferrari U, et al. (2001) The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel blockers memantine, MRZ 2/579 and other amino-alkyl-cyclohexanes antagonise 5-HT(3) receptor currents in cultured HEK-293 and N1E-115 cell systems in a non-competitive manner. Neuroscience Letters 306(1-2), 81-84.
    • (2001) Neuroscience Letters , vol.306 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 81-84
    • Rammes, G.1    Rupprecht, R.2    Ferrari, U.3
  • 159
    • 0030851210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tacrine on language, praxis, and noncognitive behavioral problems in Alzheimer disease
    • Raskind MA, Sadowsky CH, Sigmund WR, et al. (1997) Effect of tacrine on language, praxis, and noncognitive behavioral problems in Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology 54, 836-840.
    • (1997) Archives of Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 836-840
    • Raskind, M.A.1    Sadowsky, C.H.2    Sigmund, W.R.3
  • 160
    • 0034720816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine in Alzheimer's disease-a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 6-month extension
    • Raskind M, Peskind ER, Wessel T, et al. (2000) Galantamine in Alzheimer's disease-a 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 6-month extension. Neurology 54, 2261-2268.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 2261-2268
    • Raskind, M.1    Peskind, E.R.2    Wessel, T.3
  • 161
    • 0037417238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease
    • Reisberg B, Doody R, Stoffler A, et al. (2003) Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. New England Journal of Medicine 348(14), 1333-1341.
    • (2003) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.348 , Issue.14 , pp. 1333-1341
    • Reisberg, B.1    Doody, R.2    Stoffler, A.3
  • 162
    • 33746001590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment causes dose-dependent alterations in β-Amyloid (Aβ) levels and anti-Aβ antibody titers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients
    • Relkin N, Szabo P, Adamiak B, et al. (2005) Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment causes dose-dependent alterations in β-Amyloid (Aβ) levels and anti-Aβ antibody titers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients. Neurology 64 (Suppl. 1), A144.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Relkin, N.1    Szabo, P.2    Adamiak, B.3
  • 163
    • 33745266146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of rosiglitazone in a genetically defined population with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
    • Risner ME, Saunders AM, Altman JF, et al. (2006) Efficacy of rosiglitazone in a genetically defined population with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenomics Journal 6(4), 246-254.
    • (2006) Pharmacogenomics Journal , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 246-254
    • Risner, M.E.1    Saunders, A.M.2    Altman, J.F.3
  • 164
    • 10744224267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal-protein attenuation with iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol) targeting Abeta amyloid deposition and toxicity in Alzheimer disease: A pilot phase 2 clinical trial
    • Ritchie CW, Bush AI, Mackinnon A, et al. (2003) Metal-protein attenuation with iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol) targeting Abeta amyloid deposition and toxicity in Alzheimer disease: A pilot phase 2 clinical trial. Archives of Neurology 60, 1685-1691.
    • (2003) Archives of Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1685-1691
    • Ritchie, C.W.1    Bush, A.I.2    Mackinnon, A.3
  • 165
    • 3042858052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metaanalysis of randomized trials of the effectiveness and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer disease
    • Ritchie CW, Ames D, Clayton T, et al. (2004) Metaanalysis of randomized trials of the effectiveness and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 12, 358-369.
    • (2004) American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.12 , pp. 358-369
    • Ritchie, C.W.1    Ames, D.2    Clayton, T.3
  • 166
    • 0345059236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease are associated with improved behavioral performance
    • Rockenstein E, Adame A, Mante M, et al. (2003) The neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease are associated with improved behavioral performance. Journal of Neural Transmission 110(11), 1313-1327.
    • (2003) Journal of Neural Transmission , vol.110 , Issue.11 , pp. 1313-1327
    • Rockenstein, E.1    Adame, A.2    Mante, M.3
  • 167
    • 33646364811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrolysin decreases amyloid-beta production by regulating amyloid protein precursor maturation in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Rockenstein E, Torrance M, Mante M, et al. (2006) Cerebrolysin decreases amyloid-beta production by regulating amyloid protein precursor maturation in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience Research 83(7), 1252-1261.
    • (2006) Journal of Neuroscience Research , vol.83 , Issue.7 , pp. 1252-1261
    • Rockenstein, E.1    Torrance, M.2    Mante, M.3
  • 168
  • 169
    • 0034771057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a flexible galan-tamine dose in Alzheimer's disease: A randomised, controlled trial
    • Rockwood K, Mintzer J, Truyen L, et al. (2001) Effects of a flexible galan-tamine dose in Alzheimer's disease: A randomised, controlled trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 71, 589-595.
    • (2001) Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 589-595
    • Rockwood, K.1    Mintzer, J.2    Truyen, L.3
  • 170
    • 0027268393 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial of indometh-acin in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rogers J, Kirby LC, Hempelman SR, et al. (1993) Clinical trial of indometh-acin in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 43, 1609-1611.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 1609-1611
    • Rogers, J.1    Kirby, L.C.2    Hempelman, S.R.3
  • 171
    • 0032507788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil improves cognition and global function in Alzheimer's disease: A 15-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Donepezil Study Group
    • a
    • Rogers SL, Doody RS, Mohs RC, et al. (1998a) Donepezil improves cognition and global function in Alzheimer's disease: A 15-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Donepezil Study Group. Archives of Internal Medicine 158, 1021-1031.
    • (1998) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.158 , pp. 1021-1031
    • Rogers, S.L.1    Doody, R.S.2    Mohs, R.C.3
  • 172
    • 0031883716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil Study Group
    • b
    • Rogers SL, Farlow MR, Doody RS, et al. (1998b) A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Donepezil Study Group. Neurology 50, 136-145.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 136-145
    • Rogers, S.L.1    Farlow, M.R.2    Doody, R.S.3
  • 173
    • 0027534657 scopus 로고
    • Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop
    • Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, et al. (1993) Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 43, 250-260.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 250-260
    • Roman, G.C.1    Tatemichi, T.K.2    Erkinjuntti, T.3
  • 174
    • 0018887732 scopus 로고
    • Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias
    • Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, et al. (1980) Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Annals of Neurology 7, 486-488.
    • (1980) Annals of Neurology , vol.7 , pp. 486-488
    • Rosen, W.G.1    Terry, R.D.2    Fuld, P.A.3
  • 175
    • 0033528436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer's disease: International randomised controlled trial
    • Rosler M, Anand R, Cicin-Sain A, et al. (1999) Efficacy and safety of rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer's disease: International randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 318, 633-638.
    • (1999) British Medical Journal , vol.318 , pp. 633-638
    • Rosler, M.1    Anand, R.2    Cicin-Sain, A.3
  • 176
    • 0030755327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with L-deprenyl prolongs life in elderly dogs
    • Ruehl WW, Entriken TL, Muggenburg BA, et al. (1997) Treatment with L-deprenyl prolongs life in elderly dogs. Life Sciences 61, 1037-1044.
    • (1997) Life Sciences , vol.61 , pp. 1037-1044
    • Ruehl, W.W.1    Entriken, T.L.2    Muggenburg, B.A.3
  • 177
    • 0034824013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 28-week, double-blind, placebocontrolled study with Cerebrolysin in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
    • [erratum appears in Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001 Nov; 16(6): 372].
    • Ruether E, Husmann R, Kinzler E, et al. (2001) A 28-week, double-blind, placebocontrolled study with Cerebrolysin in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. [erratum appears in Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001 Nov; 16(6): 372]. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 16(5), 253-263.
    • (2001) International Clinical Psychopharmacology , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 253-263
    • Ruether, E.1    Husmann, R.2    Kinzler, E.3
  • 178
    • 4143052423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of donepezil in mild cognitive impairment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Salloway S, Ferris S, Kluger A et al. (2004) Efficacy of donepezil in mild cognitive impairment: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 63, 651-657.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 651-657
    • Salloway, S.1    Ferris, S.2    Kluger, A.3
  • 179
    • 0030967165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
    • Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. (1997) A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. New England Journal of Medicine 336, 1216-1222.
    • (1997) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.336 , pp. 1216-1222
    • Sano, M.1    Ernesto, C.2    Thomas, R.G.3
  • 180
    • 35148818907 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the severely impaired patient: Description and validation of a new neuropsychological test battery
    • Saxton J, McGonigle-Gibson KL, Swihart AA, et al. (1990) Assessment of the severely impaired patient: Description and validation of a new neuropsychological test battery. Psychological Assessment 2, 298-303.
    • (1990) Psychological Assessment , vol.2 , pp. 298-303
    • Saxton, J.1    McGonigle-Gibson, K.L.2    Swihart, A.A.3
  • 181
    • 0025863086 scopus 로고
    • Brain somatostatin: Receptor-coupled transducting mechanisms and role in cognitive functions
    • Schettini G (1991) Brain somatostatin: Receptor-coupled transducting mechanisms and role in cognitive functions. Pharmacological Research 23(3), p 203-214.
    • (1991) Pharmacological Research , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-214
    • Schettini, G.1
  • 182
    • 4244074685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine
    • In, Qizilbash N, Schneider L, Chui H, et al. (eds). Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
    • Schneider L (2002) Rivastigmine. In Evidence-Based Dementia Practice, Qizilbash N, Schneider L, Chui H, et al. (eds). Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, pp 499-509.
    • (2002) Evidence-Based Dementia Practice , pp. 499-509
    • Schneider, L.1
  • 183
    • 1842354095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive Enhancers for Alzheimer's Disease
    • In, Tasman A, Kay J, and Lieberman JA (eds),, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    • Schneider L and Tariot PN (1997) Cognitive Enhancers for Alzheimer's Disease. In Psychiatry, Tasman A, Kay J, and Lieberman JA (eds), Vol. 2. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp 1685-1701.
    • (1997) Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 1685-1701
    • Schneider, L.1    Tariot, P.N.2
  • 185
    • 0030862602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity and reliability of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
    • Schneider LS, Olin JT, Doody RS, et al. (1997) Validity and reliability of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 11, S22-S32.
    • (1997) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.11
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Olin, J.T.2    Doody, R.S.3
  • 186
    • 28244446721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two doses of Ginkgo biloba extract in dementia of the Alzheimer's type
    • Schneider LS, DeKosky ST, Farlow MR, et al. (2005) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two doses of Ginkgo biloba extract in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Current Alzheimer Research 2 (5), 541-551.
    • (2005) Current Alzheimer Research , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 541-551
    • Schneider, L.S.1    DeKosky, S.T.2    Farlow, M.R.3
  • 187
    • 0038386058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: A randomized controlled trial
    • Shumaker SA, Legault C, Rapp SR, et al. (2003) Estrogen plus progestin and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 289, 2651-2662.
    • (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.289 , pp. 2651-2662
    • Shumaker, S.A.1    Legault, C.2    Rapp, S.R.3
  • 188
    • 21544458621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety, tolerability, and changes in amyloid beta concentrations after administration of a gamma-secretase inhibitor in volunteers
    • Siemers E, Skinner M, Dean RA, et al. (2005) Safety, tolerability, and changes in amyloid beta concentrations after administration of a gamma-secretase inhibitor in volunteers. Clinical Neuropharmacology 28(3), 126-132.
    • (2005) Clinical Neuropharmacology , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 126-132
    • Siemers, E.1    Skinner, M.2    Dean, R.A.3
  • 189
    • 33645013015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a gamma-secretase inhibitor in a randomized study of patients with Alzheimer disease
    • Siemers ER, Quinn JF, Kaye J, et al. (2006) Effects of a gamma-secretase inhibitor in a randomized study of patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology 66(4), 602-604.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 602-604
    • Siemers, E.R.1    Quinn, J.F.2    Kaye, J.3
  • 190
    • 0036714243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • Simons M, Schwärzler F, Lütjohann D, et al. (2002) Treatment with simvastatin in normocholesterolemic patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Annals of Neurology 52(3), 346-350.
    • (2002) Annals of Neurology , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 346-350
    • Simons, M.1    Schwärzler, F.2    Lütjohann, D.3
  • 191
    • 0027984086 scopus 로고
    • The potential role for estrogen replacement therapy in the treatment of the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease
    • Simpkins JW, Singh M, and Bishop J (1994) The potential role for estrogen replacement therapy in the treatment of the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 15 (Suppl. 2), S195-S197.
    • (1994) Neurobiology of Aging , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Simpkins, J.W.1    Singh, M.2    Bishop, J.3
  • 192
    • 20844440894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: Preliminary results
    • Sparks DL, Sabbagh MN, Connor DJ, et al. (2005) Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: Preliminary results. Archives of Neurology 62(5), 753-757.
    • (2005) Archives of Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 753-757
    • Sparks, D.L.1    Sabbagh, M.N.2    Connor, D.J.3
  • 193
    • 0031755416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rivastigmine: A review of its use in Alzheimer's disease
    • Spencer CM and Noble S (1998) Rivastigmine: A review of its use in Alzheimer's disease. Drugs Aging 13, 391-411.
    • (1998) Drugs Aging , vol.13 , pp. 391-411
    • Spencer, C.M.1    Noble, S.2
  • 194
    • 0002491318 scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects against delayed neuronal death in gerbil
    • In, Christen Y, Costentin J, and Lacour M (eds). Elsevier, Paris, France
    • Spinnewyn B (1992) Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects against delayed neuronal death in gerbil. In Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) on the Central Nervous System, Christen Y, Costentin J, and Lacour M (eds). Elsevier, Paris, France, pp 113-118.
    • (1992) Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) on the Central Nervous System , pp. 113-118
    • Spinnewyn, B.1
  • 195
    • 0023197078 scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease
    • Stern Y, Sano M, and Mayeux R (1987) Effects of oral physostigmine in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Neurology 22, 306-310.
    • (1987) Annals of Neurology , vol.22 , pp. 306-310
    • Stern, Y.1    Sano, M.2    Mayeux, R.3
  • 198
    • 0141483376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current treatment for Alzheimer's disease and future prospects
    • Tariot PN and Federoff HJ (2003) Current treatment for Alzheimer's disease and future prospects. Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders 17 (Suppl 4), S105-S113.
    • (2003) Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders , vol.17 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Federoff, H.J.2
  • 199
    • 0034720864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 5-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine in AD. The Galantamine USA-10 Study Group
    • Tariot PN, Solomon PR, Morris JC, et al. (2000) A 5-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine in AD. The Galantamine USA-10 Study Group. Neurology 54, 2269-2276.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 2269-2276
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Solomon, P.R.2    Morris, J.C.3
  • 200
    • 0035661596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease in the nursing home setting
    • Tariot PN, Cummings JL, Katz IR, et al. (2001) A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease in the nursing home setting. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49(12), 1590-1599.
    • (2001) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 1590-1599
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Katz, I.R.3
  • 201
    • 0037038821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood stabilizers in Alzheimer's disease: Symptomatic and neuroprotective rationales
    • Tariot PN, Loy R, Ryan JM, et al. (2002) Mood stabilizers in Alzheimer's disease: Symptomatic and neuroprotective rationales. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 54(12), 1567-77.
    • (2002) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews , vol.54 , Issue.12 , pp. 1567-1577
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Loy, R.2    Ryan, J.M.3
  • 202
    • 0345872128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil: A randomized controlled trial
    • Tariot PN, Farlow MR, Grossberg GT, et al. (2004) Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(3), 317-324.
    • (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.291 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-324
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Farlow, M.R.2    Grossberg, G.T.3
  • 203
    • 0033781375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub acute myelo-optico-neuropathy: Clioquinol intoxication in humans and animals
    • Tateishi J (2000) Sub acute myelo-optico-neuropathy: Clioquinol intoxication in humans and animals. Neuropathology 20 (Suppl.), S20-S24.
    • (2000) Neuropathology , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Tateishi, J.1
  • 204
    • 12644250472 scopus 로고
    • "Tropic-like" reduction of nerve cell death by deprenyl without monoamine oxidase inhibition
    • Tatton W (1993) "Tropic-like" reduction of nerve cell death by deprenyl without monoamine oxidase inhibition. Neurol Forum 4, 3-10.
    • (1993) Neurol Forum , vol.4 , pp. 3-10
    • Tatton, W.1
  • 205
    • 0005534183 scopus 로고
    • The effects of chronic, oral Ginkgo biloba extract administration on neurotransmitter receptor binding in young and aged Fisher 344 rats
    • In, Agnoli A, Rapin J, Scapagnini V, et al. (eds). John Libbey Eurotext, London, UK
    • Taylor J (1985) The effects of chronic, oral Ginkgo biloba extract administration on neurotransmitter receptor binding in young and aged Fisher 344 rats. In Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Organic Cerebral Impairment, Agnoli A, Rapin J, Scapagnini V, et al. (eds). John Libbey Eurotext, London, UK, pp 31-34.
    • (1985) Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Organic Cerebral Impairment , pp. 31-34
    • Taylor, J.1
  • 206
    • 10544220019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter double-blind study of controlled-release physostigmine for the treatment of symptoms secondary to Alzheimer's disease. Physostigmine Study Group
    • Thal LJ, Schwartz G, Sano M, et al. (1996) A multicenter double-blind study of controlled-release physostigmine for the treatment of symptoms secondary to Alzheimer's disease. Physostigmine Study Group. Neurology 47, 1389-1395.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 1389-1395
    • Thal, L.J.1    Schwartz, G.2    Sano, M.3
  • 207
    • 0030634117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention protocols for Alzheimer disease. Position paper from the International Working Group on Harmonization of Dementia Drug Guidelines
    • Thal LJ, Carta A, Doody R, et al. (1997) Prevention protocols for Alzheimer disease. Position paper from the International Working Group on Harmonization of Dementia Drug Guidelines. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 11, 46-49.
    • (1997) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.11 , pp. 46-49
    • Thal, L.J.1    Carta, A.2    Doody, R.3
  • 208
    • 0344738681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idebenone treatment fails to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
    • Thal LJ, Grundman M, Berg J, et al. (2003) Idebenone treatment fails to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 61 (11), 1498-1502.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , Issue.11 , pp. 1498-1502
    • Thal, L.J.1    Grundman, M.2    Berg, J.3
  • 209
    • 28544441888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FK962, a novel enhancer of somatostatin release, exerts cognitive-enhancing actions in rats
    • Tokita K, Inoue T, Yamazaki S, et al. (2005) FK962, a novel enhancer of somatostatin release, exerts cognitive-enhancing actions in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 527 (1-3), 111-120.
    • (2005) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.527 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 111-120
    • Tokita, K.1    Inoue, T.2    Yamazaki, S.3
  • 210
    • 0025320360 scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine (Bay-e-9736) in the management of primary degenerative dementia
    • Tollefson GD (1990) Short-term effects of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine (Bay-e-9736) in the management of primary degenerative dementia. Biological Psychiatry 27, 1133-1142.
    • (1990) Biological Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Tollefson, G.D.1
  • 211
    • 0037654372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-factor gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders
    • Tuszynski MH (2002) Growth-factor gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. Lancet Neurology 1 (1), 51-57.
    • (2002) Lancet Neurology , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-57
    • Tuszynski, M.H.1
  • 212
    • 21044458854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease
    • Tuszynski MH, Thal L, Pay M, et al. (2005) A phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease. Nature Medicine 11(5), 551-555.
    • (2005) Nature Medicine , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 551-555
    • Tuszynski, M.H.1    Thal, L.2    Pay, M.3
  • 213
    • 34249873186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 24-week randomized, controlled trial of memantine in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease
    • van Dyck CH, Tariot PN, Meyers B, et al. (2007) A 24-week randomized, controlled trial of memantine in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 21(2), 136-143.
    • (2007) Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-143
    • Van Dyck, C.H.1    Tariot, P.N.2    Meyers, B.3
  • 214
    • 17844377296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic AD model mice, effects of potential anti-AD treatments on inflammation and pathology
    • van Groen T and Kadish I (2005) Transgenic AD model mice, effects of potential anti-AD treatments on inflammation and pathology. Brain Research Reviews 48(2005), 370-378.
    • (2005) Brain Research Reviews , vol.48 , Issue.2005 , pp. 370-378
    • Van Groen, T.1    Kadish, I.2
  • 215
    • 0025718364 scopus 로고
    • Piracetam. An overview of its pharmacological properties and a review of its therapeutic use in senile cognitive disorders
    • Vernon MW and Sorkin EM (1991) Piracetam. An overview of its pharmacological properties and a review of its therapeutic use in senile cognitive disorders. Drugs Aging 1, 17-35.
    • (1991) Drugs Aging , vol.1 , pp. 17-35
    • Vernon, M.W.1    Sorkin, E.M.2
  • 216
    • 14844292105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging prospects for the disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Walker LC, Ibegbu CC, Todd CW, et al. (2005) Emerging prospects for the disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Biochemical Pharmacology 69(7), 1001-1008.
    • (2005) Biochemical Pharmacology , vol.69 , Issue.7 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Walker, L.C.1    Ibegbu, C.C.2    Todd, C.W.3
  • 217
    • 2142757264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric tolerabil-ity and prolonged prostaglandin inhibition in the brain with a nitric oxide-releasing flurbiprofen derivative, NCX-2216 [3-[4-(2-fluoro-alpha-methyl-[1, 1(-biphenyl]-4-acetyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid 4-nitrooxy butyl ester]
    • Wallace JL, Muscara MN, de Nucci G, et al. (2004) Gastric tolerabil-ity and prolonged prostaglandin inhibition in the brain with a nitric oxide-releasing flurbiprofen derivative, NCX-2216 [3-[4-(2-fluoro-alpha-methyl-[1, 1(-biphenyl]-4-acetyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid 4-nitrooxy butyl ester]. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 309, 626-633.
    • (2004) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.309 , pp. 626-633
    • Wallace, J.L.1    Muscara, M.N.2    De Nucci, G.3
  • 219
    • 33644592598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserved cognition in patients with early Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment during treatment with rosiglitazone: A preliminary study
    • Watson GS, Cholerton BA, Reger MA, et al. (2005) Preserved cognition in patients with early Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment during treatment with rosiglitazone: A preliminary study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 13(11), 950-958.
    • (2005) American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 950-958
    • Watson, G.S.1    Cholerton, B.A.2    Reger, M.A.3
  • 220
    • 0022560252 scopus 로고
    • Primary degenerative dementia: Therapy with Ginkgo biloba extract. Placebo-controlled double-blind and comparative study
    • Weitbrecht WU and Jansen W (1986) Primary degenerative dementia: Therapy with Ginkgo biloba extract. Placebo-controlled double-blind and comparative study. Fortschritte Der Medizin 104, 199-202.
    • (1986) Fortschritte Der Medizin , vol.104 , pp. 199-202
    • Weitbrecht, W.U.1    Jansen, W.2
  • 221
    • 0030758077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of 2 doses of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Weyer G, Babej-Dolle RM, Hadler D, et al. (1997) A controlled study of 2 doses of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychobiology 36(2), 73-82.
    • (1997) Neuropsychobiology , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-82
    • Weyer, G.1    Babej-Dolle, R.M.2    Hadler, D.3
  • 222
    • 0020072221 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: Loss of neurons in the basal forebrain
    • Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Struble RG, et al. (1982) Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: Loss of neurons in the basal forebrain. Science 215, 1237-1239.
    • (1982) Science , vol.215 , pp. 1237-1239
    • Whitehouse, P.J.1    Price, D.L.2    Struble, R.G.3
  • 223
    • 0034627263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of galan-tamine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Galantamine International-1 Study Group
    • Wilcock GK, Lilienfeld S, and Gaens E (2000) Efficacy and safety of galan-tamine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: Multicentre randomised controlled trial. Galantamine International-1 Study Group. BMJ: British Medical Association 321, 1445-1449.
    • (2000) BMJ: British Medical Association , vol.321 , pp. 1445-1449
    • Wilcock, G.K.1    Lilienfeld, S.2    Gaens, E.3
  • 224
    • 33749484294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of MPC-7869 (R-flurbiprofen), a selective Aβ42-lowering agent, in Alzheimer's disease (AD): Results of a 12-month phase 2 trial and 1-year follow-on study
    • Wilcock GK, Black SE, Haworth J, et al. (2006) Efficacy and safety of MPC-7869 (R-flurbiprofen), a selective Aβ42-lowering agent, in Alzheimer's disease (AD): Results of a 12-month phase 2 trial and 1-year follow-on study. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2 (3)(Suppl. 1), S81-S82.
    • (2006) Alzheimer's and Dementia , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Wilcock, G.K.1    Black, S.E.2    Haworth, J.3
  • 225
    • 0032983786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine in severe dementia: Results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine)
    • Winblad B and Poritis N (1999) Memantine in severe dementia: Results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, 135-146.
    • (1999) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 135-146
    • Winblad, B.1    Poritis, N.2
  • 226
    • 0034779562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicergoline in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: A European multicentre trial
    • Winblad B, Bonura ML, Rossini BM, et al. (2001) Nicergoline in the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: A European multicentre trial. Clinical Drug Investigation 21, 621-632.
    • (2001) Clinical Drug Investigation , vol.21 , pp. 621-632
    • Winblad, B.1    Bonura, M.L.2    Rossini, B.M.3
  • 227
    • 33645741379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease: Double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study
    • [see comment] [erratum appears in Lancet. 2006 Jan 17; 367(9527): 1980].
    • Winblab B, Kilander L, Eriksson S, et al. (2006) Donepezil in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease: Double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, [see comment] [erratum appears in Lancet. 2006 Jan 17; 367(9527): 1980]. Lancet 367(9516), 1057-1065.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9516 , pp. 1057-1065
    • Winblab, B.1    Kilander, L.2    Eriksson, S.3
  • 228
    • 34249683625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A six-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of a transdermal patch in Alzheimer's disease-rivastigmine patch versus capsule
    • Winblad B, Cummings J, Andreasen N, et al. (2007) A six-month double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of a transdermal patch in Alzheimer's disease-rivastigmine patch versus capsule. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22(5), 456-467.
    • (2007) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 456-467
    • Winblad, B.1    Cummings, J.2    Andreasen, N.3
  • 229
    • 3042748136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective histamine H3 receptor antagonists for treatment of cognitive deficiencies and other disorders of the central nervous system
    • Witkin JM and Nelson DL (2004) Selective histamine H3 receptor antagonists for treatment of cognitive deficiencies and other disorders of the central nervous system. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 103(1), 1-20.
    • (2004) Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Witkin, J.M.1    Nelson, D.L.2
  • 230
    • 0033772113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors
    • Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P, et al. (2000) Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Archives of Neurology 57(10), 1439-1443.
    • (2000) Archives of Neurology , vol.57 , Issue.10 , pp. 1439-1443
    • Wolozin, B.1    Kellman, W.2    Ruosseau, P.3
  • 231
    • 0030426833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FK960 N-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-p-fluorobenzamide monohydrate ameliorates the memory deficits in rats through a novel mechanism of action
    • Yamazaki M, Matsuoka N, Maeda N, et al. (1996) FK960 N-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-p-fluorobenzamide monohydrate ameliorates the memory deficits in rats through a novel mechanism of action. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 279, 1157-1173.
    • (1996) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.279 , pp. 1157-1173
    • Yamazaki, M.1    Matsuoka, N.2    Maeda, N.3
  • 232
    • 20044370990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curcumin inhibits formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils and binds plaques and reduces amyloid in vivo
    • Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN, et al. (2005) Curcumin inhibits formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils and binds plaques and reduces amyloid in vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry (7), 5892-5901.
    • (2005) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.7 , pp. 5892-5901
    • Yang, F.1    Lim, G.P.2    Begum, A.N.3
  • 233
    • 33947546504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of co-morbidity for etiology and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with multifunctional neuroprotective-neurorescue drugs; ladostigil
    • Youdim MB, Amit T, Bar-Am O, et al. (2006) Implications of co-morbidity for etiology and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases with multifunctional neuroprotective-neurorescue drugs; ladostigil. Neurotoxicity Research 10(3-4), 181-192.
    • (2006) Neurotoxicity Research , vol.10 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 181-192
    • Youdim, M.B.1    Amit, T.2    Bar-Am, O.3
  • 234
    • 0023744121 scopus 로고
    • Major depression in primary dementia. Clinical and neuropathologic correlates
    • Zubenko GS and Moossy J (1988) Major depression in primary dementia. Clinical and neuropathologic correlates. Archives of Neurology 45, 1182-1186.
    • (1988) Archives of Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1182-1186
    • Zubenko, G.S.1    Moossy, J.2
  • 235
    • 0025058707 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical correlates of major depression in primary dementia
    • Zubenko GS, Moossy J, and Kopp U (1990) Neurochemical correlates of major depression in primary dementia. Archives of Neurology 47, 209-214.
    • (1990) Archives of Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 209-214
    • Zubenko, G.S.1    Moossy, J.2    Kopp, U.3
  • 236
    • 0023684459 scopus 로고
    • The neuropathology of amin-ergic nuclei in Alzheimer's disease
    • Zweig RM, Ross CA, Hedreen JC, et al. (1988) The neuropathology of amin-ergic nuclei in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Neurology 24, 233-242.
    • (1988) Annals of Neurology , vol.24 , pp. 233-242
    • Zweig, R.M.1    Ross, C.A.2    Hedreen, J.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.