The electronic properties of graphene

Reviews of Modern Physics

Volumn 81, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 109-162

  Castro Neto, A H ^a   Guinea, F ^b   Peres, N M R ^c   Novoselov, K S ^d   Geim, A K ^d  

^a Boston University   (United States)

^b INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA DE MATERIALES DE MADRID   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINHO   (Portugal)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; HALL EFFECT; LINEAR EQUATIONS; MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS; SOUND REPRODUCTION; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; TWO DIMENSIONAL;

DIRAC EQUATIONS; EDGE TERMINATIONS; ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS; ELECTRON PHONONS; ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS; GRAPHENE; MULTI LAYERS; NANORIBBONS; NUMBER OF LAYERS; QUANTUM HALL EFFECTS; SAMPLE GEOMETRIES; SINGLE LAYERS; STACKING ORDERS; THEORETICAL ASPECTS;

ELECTRONS;

EID: 59949098337     PISSN: 00346861     EISSN: 15390756     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109     Document Type: Article

References (451)

1. Abanin, D. A., P. A. Lee, and L. S. Levitov, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.176803 96, 176803.
2. Abanin, D. A., P. A. Lee, and L. S. Levitov, 2007, Solid State Commun. 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.024 143, 77.
3. Abanin, D. A., and L. S. Levitov, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1144672 317, 641.
4. Abanin, D. A., K. S. Novoselov, U. Zeitler, P. A. Lee, A. K. Geim, and L. S. Levitov, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.196806 98, 196806.
5. Abergel, D. S. L., A. Russell, and V. I. Fal'ko, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.2768625 91, 063125.
6. Abrikosov, A. A., 1998, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2788 58, 2788.
7. Adam, S., E. H. Hwang, V. M. Galitski, and S. das Sarma, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 10.1073/pnas.0704772104 104, 18392.
8. Adebpour, N., M. Neek-Amal, R. A. a nd F. Shahbazi, N. Nafari, and M. Reza Rahimi Tabar, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.195407 76, 195407.
9. Affoune, A. M., B. L. V. Prasad, H. Saito, T. Enoki, Y. Kaburagi, and Y. Hishiyama, 2001, Chem. Phys. Lett. 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)01066-1 348, 17.
10. Akhmerov, A. R., and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 085423. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.085423
11. Aleiner, I. L., and K. B. Efetov, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.236801 97, 236801.
12. Alicea, J., and M. P. A. Fisher, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74. 075422 74, 075422.
13. Alicea, J., and M. P. A. Fisher, 2007, Solid State Commun. 143, 504. 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.06.035
14. Altland, A., 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.236802 97, 236802.
15. Ando, T., 1974 a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.36.1521 36, 1521.
16. Ando, T., 1974 b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.37.622 37, 622.
17. Ando, T., 1974 c, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.37.1233 37, 1233.
18. Ando, T., 1975, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.38.989 38, 989.
19. Ando, T., 2000, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.69.1757 69, 1757.
20. Ando, T., 2006 a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.75.124701 75, 124701.
21. Ando, T., 2006 b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.75.074716 75, 074716.
22. Ando, T., 2007 a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.76.024712 76, 024712.
23. Ando, T., 2007 b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.76.104711 76, 104711.
24. Ando, T., T. Nakanishi, and R. Saito, 1998, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.67.2857 67, 2857.
25. Ando, T., and Y. Uemura, 1974, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.36.959 36, 959.
26. Ando, T., Y. Zheng, and H. Suzuura, 2002, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.71.1318 71, 1318.
27. Andreoni, W., 2000, The Physics of Fullerene-Based and Fullerene-Related Materials (Springer, Berlin).
28. Areshkin, D. A., and C. T. White, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl062132h 7, 204.
29. Ashcroft, N. W., and N. D. Mermin, 1976, Solid State Physics (Saunders College, Philadelphia).
30. Bacon, G. E., 1950, Acta Crystallogr. 10.1107/S0365110X51001057 4, 320.
31. Baeriswyl, D., D. K. Campbell, and S. Mazumdar, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1509 56, 1509.
32. Bak, P., 1982, Rep. Prog. Phys. 10.1088/0034-4885/45/6/001 45, 587.
33. Balatsky, A. V., I. Vekhter, and J.-X. Zhu, 2006, Rev. Mod. Phys. 10.1103/RevModPhys.78.373 78, 373.
34. Bar, V. W., Y. Zhang, Y. Yayon, A. Bostwick, T. Ohta, J. L. McChesney, K. Horn, E. Rotenberg, and M. F. Crommie, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.2771084 91, 122102.
35. Bardarson, J. H., J. Tworzydlo, P. W. Brouwer, and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.106801 99, 106801.
36. Barlas, Y., T. Pereg-Barnea, M. Polini, R. Asgari, and A. H. MacDonald, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.236601 98, 236601.
37. Barone, V., O. Hod, and G. E. Scuseria, 2006, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl0617033 6, 2748.
38. Baym, G., 1969, Lectures on Quantum Mechanics (Benjamin, New York).
39. Baym, G., and S. A. Chin, 1976, Nucl. Phys. A 10.1016/0375-9474(76)90513- 3 262, 527.
40. Bena, C., and S. A. Kivelson, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.72. 125432 72, 125432.
41. Berger, C., Z. Song, X. Li, X. Wu, N. Brown, C. Naud, D. Mayou, T. Li, J. Hass, A. N. Marchenkov, E. H. Conrad, Phillip N. First, and Walt A. de Heer, 2006, Science 10.1126/science.1125925 312, 1191.
42. Berger, C., Z. M. Song, T. B. Li, X. B. Li, A. Y. Ogbazghi, R. Feng, Z. T. Dai, A. N. Marchenkov, E. H. Conrad, P. N. First, and W. A. de Heer, 2004, J. Phys. Chem. B 10.1021/jp040650f 108, 19912.
43. Bergman, G., 1984, Phys. Rep. 10.1016/0370-1573(84)90103-0 107, 1.
44. Bernevig, B. A., T. L. Hughes, S. Raghu, and D. P. Arovas, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 146804. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.146804
45. Berry, M. V., and R. J. Modragon, 1987, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 10.1098/rspa.1987.0080 412, 53.
46. Bhattacharjee, S., and K. Sengupta, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.217001 97, 217001.
47. Birrell, N. D., and P. C. W. Davies, 1982, Quantum Fields in Curved Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
48. Biswas, R. B., S. Sachdev, and D. T. Son, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.205122 76, 205122.
49. Blake, P., K. S. Novoselov, A. H. Castro Neto, D. Jiang, R. Yang, T. J. Booth, A. K. Geim, and E. W. Hill, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.2768624 91, 063124.
50. Bliokh, K. Y., 2005, Phys. Lett. A 344, 127. 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.06. 062
51. Bommel, A. J. V., J. E. Crombeen, and A. V. Tooren, 1975, Surf. Sci. 10.1016/0039-6028(75)90419-7 48, 463.
52. Bonini, N., M. Lazzeri, N. Marzari, and F. Mauri, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.176802 99, 176802.
53. Booth, T. J., P. Blake, R. R. Nair, D. Jiang, E. W. Hill, U. Bangert, A. Bleloch, M. Gass, K. S. Novoselov, M. I. Katsnelson, and A. K. Geim, 2008, Nano Lett. 8, 2442. 10.1021/nl801412y
54. Bostwick, A., T. Ohta, J. L. McChesney, K. V. Emtsev, T. Seyller, K. Horn, and E. Rotenberg, 2007, New J. Phys. 10.1088/1367-2630/9/10/385 9, 385.
55. Bostwick, A., T. Ohta, T. Seyller, K. Horn, and E. Rotenberg, 2007, Nat. Phys. 3, 36. 10.1038/nphys477
56. Boyle, W. S., and P. Nozières, 1958, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.111.782 111, 782.
57. Brandt, N. B., S. M. Chudinov, and Y. G. Ponomarev, 1988, in Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences, edited by, V. M. Agranovich, and, A. A. Maradudin, (North-Holland, Amsterdam), Vol. 20.1.
58. Brey, L., and H. Fertig, 2006 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.195408 73, 195408.
59. Brey, L., and H. Fertig, 2006 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.235411 73, 235411.
60. Brey, L., H. A. Fertig, and S. D. Sarma, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.116802 99, 116802.
61. Bunch, J. S., A. M. van der Zande, S. S. Verbridge, I. W. Frank, D. M. Tanenbaum, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1136836 315, 490.
62. Calandra, M., and F. Mauri, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.199901 76, 199901.
63. Calizo, I., W. Bao, F. Miao, C. N. Lau, and A. A. Balandin, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.2805024 91, 201904.
64. Calogeracos, A., and N. Dombey, 1999, Contemp. Phys. 10.1080/ 001075199181387 40, 313.
65. Campagnoli, G., and E. Tosatti, 1989, in Progress on Electron Properties of Metals, edited by, R. Girlanda, (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 337.
66. Cancado, L. G., M. A. Pimenta, R. B. R. Neves, G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, T. Enoki, Y. Kobayashi, K. Takai, K.-I. Fukui, M. S. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, and A. Jorio, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.047403 93, 047403.
67. Casiraghi, C., A. Hartschuh, E. Lidorikis, H. Qian, H. Harutyunyan, T. Gokus, K. S. Novoselov, and A. C. Ferrari, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl071168m 7, 2711.
68. Cassanello, C. R., and E. Fradkin, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.15079 53, 15079.
69. Cassanello, C. R., and E. Fradkin, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11246 56, 11246.
70. Castillo, H. E., C. de C. Chamon, E. Fradkin, P. M. Goldbart, and C. Mudry, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10668 56, 10668.
71. Castro, E. V., K. S. Novoselov, S. V. Morozov, N. M. R. Peres, J. Lopes dos Santos, J. Nilsson, F. Guinea, A. K. Geim, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.216802 99, 216802.
72. Castro, E. V., N. M. R. Peres, J. M. B. Lopes dos Santos, A. H. Castro Neto, and F. Guinea, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.026802 100, 026802.
73. Castro Neto, A. H., 2007, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat1851 6, 176.
74. Castro Neto, A. H., and F. Guinea, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.045404 75, 045404.
75. Castro Neto, A. H., F. Guinea, and N. M. R. Peres, 2006 a, Phys. World 19, 33.
76. Castro Neto, A. H., F. Guinea, and N. M. R. Peres, 2006 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.205408 73, 205408.
77. Chaikin, P., and T. C. Lubensky, 1995, Introduction to Condensed Matter Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
78. Chakravarty, S., and A. Schmid, 1986, Phys. Rep. 10.1016/0370-1573(86) 90027-X 140, 193.
79. Chamon, C. C., C. Mudry, and X.-G. Wen, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.R7638 53, R7638.
80. Charlier, J.-C., X. Blase, and S. Roche, 2007, Rev. Mod. Phys. 10.1103/RevModPhys.79.677 79, 677.
81. Charlier, J. C., J. P. Michenaud, X. Gonze, and J. P. Vigneron, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.44.13237 44, 13237.
82. Cheianov, V. V., and V. I. Fal'ko, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.041403 74, 041403.
83. Cheianov, V. V., V. Fal'ko, and B. L. Altshuler, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1138020 315, 1252.
84. Cheianov, V. V., V. I. Fal'ko, B. L. Altshuler, and I. L. Aleiner, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.176801 99, 176801.
85. Chen, H.-Y., V. Apalkov, and T. Chakraborty, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.186803 98, 186803.
86. Chen, J. H., C. Jang, M. S. Fuhrer, E. D. Williams, and M. Ishigami, 2008, Nat. Phys. 4, 377. 10.1038/nphys935
87. Chen, Z., Y.-M. Lin, M. J. Rooks, and P. Avouris, 2007, Physica E (Amsterdam) 10.1016/j.physe.2007.06.020 40 (2), 228.
88. Cho, S., Y.-F. Chen, and M. S. Fuhrer, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.2784934 91, 123105.
89. Coey, J. M. D., M. Venkatesan, C. B. Fitzgerald, A. P. Douvalis, and I. S. Sanders, 2002, Nature 10.1038/nature01100 420, 156.
90. Coraux, J., A. T. N'Diaye, C. Busse, and T. Michely, 2008, Nano Lett. 8, 565. 10.1021/nl0728874
91. Cortijo, A., and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2007 a, Nucl. Phys. B 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.10.031 763, 293.
92. Cortijo, A., and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2007 b, Europhys. Lett. 10.1209/0295-5075/77/47002 77, 47002.
93. Cserti, J., A. Csordás, and G. Dávid, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.066802 99, 066802.
94. Cserti, J., A. Palyi, and C. Peterfalvi, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.246801 99, 246801.
95. Dahal, H., Y. N. Joglekar, K. Bedell, and A. V. Balatsky, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.233405 74, 233405.
96. Dahal, H. P., T. O. Wehling, K. S. Bedell, J.-X. Zhu, and A. V. Balatsky, 2007, e-print arXiv:0706.1689.
97. Das, A., B. Chakraborty, and A. K. Sood, 2008, Bull. Mater. Sci. 31, 579. 10.1007/s12034-008-0090-5
98. Deacon, R. S., K.-C. Chuang, R. J. Nicholas, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.081406 76, 081406 (R).
99. de Gennes, P. G., 1964, Rev. Mod. Phys. 10.1103/RevModPhys.36.225 36, 225.
100. de Heer, W. A., C. Berger, X. Wu, P. N. First, E. H. Conrad, X. Li, T. Li, M. Sprinkle, J. Hass, M. L. Sadowski, M. Potemski, and G. Martinez, 2007, Solid State Commun. 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.023 143, 92.
101. de Juan, F., A. Cortijo, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.165409 76, 165409.
102. Dell'Anna, L., 2006, Nucl. Phys. B 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.09.024 758, 255.
103. Dharma-Wardana, M. W. C., 2007, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10.1088/0953-8984/19/38/386228 19, 386228.
104. Dienwiebel, M., G. S. Verhoeven, N. Pradeep, J. W. M. Frenken, J. A. Heimberg, and H. W. Zandbergen, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92. 126101 92, 126101.
105. Dillon, R. O., I. L. Spain, and J. W. McClure, 1977, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 10.1016/0022-3697(77)90231-1 38, 635.
106. DiVincenzo, D. P., and E. J. Mele, 1984, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.29.1685 29, 1685.
107. Dong, S.-H., X.-W. Hou, and Z.-Q. Ma, 1998, Phys. Rev. A 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.2160 58, 2160.
108. Doretto, R. L., and C. Morais Smith, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 195431. 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.195431
109. Dresselhaus, G., and M. S. Dresselhaus, 1965, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.140.A401 140, A401.
110. Dresselhaus, M. S., and G. Dresselhaus, 2002, Adv. Phys. 10.1080/00018730110113644 51, 1.
111. Dresselhaus, M. S., G. Dresselhaus, J. E. Fischer, and M. J. Moran, 1983, Intercalated Graphite (North-Holland, New York).
112. Dresselhaus, M. S., and J. G. Mavroides, 1964, IBM J. Res. Dev. 8, 262.
113. Dugaev, V. K., V. I. Litvinov, and J. Barnas, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.224438 74, 224438.
114. Duke, C. B., 1968, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.168.816 168, 816.
115. Eisenstein, J. P., L. N. Pfeiffer, and K. W. West, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.1760 50, 1760.
116. Eizenberg, M., and J. M. Blakely, 1979, Surf. Sci. 10.1016/0039-6028(79) 90330-3 82, 228.
117. Esquinazi, P., A. Setzer, R. Höhne, C. Semmelhack, Y. Kopelevich, D. Spemann, T. Butz, B. Kohlstrunk, and M. Lösch, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.024429 66, 024429.
118. Esquinazi, P., D. Spemann, R. Höhne, A. Setzer, K.-H. Han, and T. Butz, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.227201 91, 227201.
119. Eun-Ah Kim, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2008, Europhys. Lett. 84, 57007. 10.1209/0295-5075/84/57007
120. Fasolino, A., J. H. Los, and M. I. Katsnelson, 2007, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat2011 6, 858.
121. Faugeras, C., A. Nerriere, M. Potemski, A. Mahmood, E. Dujardin, C. Berger, and W. A. de Heer, 2008, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011914. 10.1063/1.2828975
122. Fauser, B., J. Tolksdorf, and E. Zeidler, 2007, Quantum Gravity (Birkhäuser, Basel).
123. Ferrari, A. C., J. C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. G. S. Roth, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401 97, 187401.
124. Fertig, H. A., and L. Brey, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 97.116805 97, 116805.
125. Fogler, M. M., L. I. Glazman, D. S. Novikov, and B. I. Shklovskii, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 075420. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.075420
126. Fogler, M. M., D. S. Novikov, and B. I. Shklovskii, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.233402 76, 233402.
127. Forbeaux, I., J.-M. Themlin, and J.-M. Debever, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.16396 58, 16396.
128. Foster, M. S., and A. W. W. Ludwig, 2006 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.155104 73, 155104.
129. Foster, M. S., and A. W. W. Ludwig, 2006 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.241102 74, 241102.
130. Fradkin, E., 1986 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.33.3257 33, 3257.
131. Fradkin, E., 1986 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.33.3263 33, 3263.
132. Fritz, L., S. Florens, and M. Vojta, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144410 74, 144410.
133. Fuchs, J.-N., and P. Lederer, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 98.016803 98, 016803.
134. Fujita, M., K. Wakabayashi, K. Nakada, and K. Kusakabe, 1996, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.65.1920 65, 1920.
135. Fukuyama, H., 1971, Prog. Theor. Phys. 10.1143/PTP.45.704 45, 704.
136. Gasparoux, H., 1967, Carbon 10.1016/0008-6223(67)90021-8 5, 441.
137. Geim, A. K., and A. H. MacDonald, 2007, Phys. Today 10.1063/1.2784678 60, 35.
138. Geim, A. K., and K. S. Novoselov, 2007, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat1849 6, 183.
139. Ghosal, A., P. Goswami, and S. Chakravarty, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.115123 75, 115123.
140. Giesbers, A. J. M., U. Zeitler, M. I. Katsnelson, L. A. Ponomarenko, T. M. G. Mohiuddin, and J. C. Maan, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99. 206803 99, 206803.
141. Giovannetti, G., P. A. Khomyakov, G. Brocks, P. J. Kelly, and J. van der Brink, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.073103 76, 073103.
142. Giuliani, G. F., and G. Vignale, 2005, Quantum Theory of the Electron Liquid (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
143. Goerbig, M. O., J.-N. Fuchs, K. Kechedzhi, and V. I. Fal'ko, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.087402 99, 087402.
144. Goerbig, M. O., R. Moessner, and B. Doucot, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.161407 74, 161407.
145. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.172 69, 172.
146. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 1993 a, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 10.1142/S0217984993001612 7, 1593.
147. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 1993 b, Nucl. Phys. B: Field Theory Stat. Syst. 406 [FS], 771.
148. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 1994, Nucl. Phys. B 424, 596.
149. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3589 77, 3589.
150. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 1999, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.R2474 59, R2474.
151. González, J., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.134421 63, 134421.
152. Gorbachev, R. V., F. V. Tikhonenko, A. S. Mayorov, D. W. Horsell, and A. K. Savchenko, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.176805 98, 176805.
153. Gorbar, E. V., V. P. Gusynin, V. A. Miransky, and I. A. Shovkovy, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.045108 66, 045108.
154. Goswami, P., X. Jia, and S. Chakravarty, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.205408 76, 205408.
155. Graf, D., F. Molitor, K. Ensslin, C. Stampfer, A. Jungen, C. Hierold, and L. Wirtz, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl061702a 7, 238.
156. Guinea, F., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235433 75, 235433.
157. Guinea, F., A. H. Castro Neto, and N. M. R. Peres, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245426 73, 245426.
158. Guinea, F., M. I. Katsnelson, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.075422 77, 075422.
159. Gumbs, G., and P. Fekete, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.3787 56, 3787.
160. Gunlycke, D., D. A. Areshkin, and C. T. White, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 12104. 10.1063/1.2426896
161. Gupta, A., G. Chen, P. Joshi, S. Tadigadapa, and P. C. Eklund, 2006, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl061420a 6, 2667.
162. Gusynin, V. P., V. A. Miransky, S. G. Sharapov, and I. A. Shovkovy, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.195429 74, 195429.
163. Gusynin, V. P., and S. G. Sharapov, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.146801 95, 146801.
164. Gusynin, V. P., S. G. Sharapov, and J. P. Carbotte, 2007, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10.1088/0953-8984/19/2/026222 19, 026222.
165. Haldane, F. D. M., 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2015 61, 2015.
166. Han, M. Y., B. Özyilmaz, Y. Zhang, and P. Kim, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206805 98, 206805.
167. Harper, P. G., 1955, Proc. Phys. Soc., London, Sect. A 10.1088/0370-1298/68/10/304 68, 874.
168. Harrison, W. A., 1980, Solid State Theory (Dover, New York).
169. Hass, J., R. Feng, J. E. Millán-Otoya, X. Li, M. Sprinkle, P. N. First, W. A. de Heer, and E. H. Conrad, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75. 214109 75, 214109.
170. Hass, J., F. Varchon, J. E. Millán-Otoya, M. Sprinkle, N. Sharma, W. A. de Heer, C. Berger, P. N. First, L. Magaud, and E. H. Conrad, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 125504. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.125504
171. Heersche, H. B., P. Jarillo-Herrero, J. B. Oostinga, L. M. K. Vandersypen, and A. Morpurgo, 2007, Nature 10.1038/nature05555 446, 56.
172. Hentschel, M., and F. Guinea, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 115407. 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.115407
173. Herbut, I. F., 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.146401 97, 146401.
174. Herbut, I. F., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.165411 75, 165411.
175. Heremans, J., C. H. Olk, and D. T. Morelli, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.15122 49, 15122.
176. Hill, E. W., A. K. Geim, K. Novoselov, F. Schedin, and P. Blake, 2007, IEEE Trans. Magn. 10.1109/TMAG.2006.878852 42, 2694.
177. Himpsel, F. J., K. Christmann, P. Heimann, D. E. Eastman, and P. J. Feibelman, 1982, Surf. Sci. 10.1016/0039-6028(82)90379-X 115, L159.
178. Hobson, J. P., and W. A. Nierenberg, 1953, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.89.662 89, 662.
179. Hod, O., V. Barone, J. E. Peralta, and G. E. Scuseria, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl0708922 7, 2295.
180. Horovitz, B., and P. L. Doussal, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.65. 125323 65, 125323.
181. Hou, C.-Y., C. Chamon, and C. Mudry, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.186809 98, 186809.
182. Huard, B., J. A. Sulpizio, N. Stander, K. Todd, B. Yang, and D. Goldhaber-Gordon, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.236803 98, 236803.
183. Huertas-Hernando, D., F. Guinea, and A. Brataas, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.155426 74, 155426.
184. Hwang, E. H., and S. Das Sarma, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75. 205418 75, 205418.
185. Hwang, E. H., B. Y.-K. Hu, and S. D. Sarma, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.115434 76, 115434.
186. Ishigami, M., J. H. Chen, D. W. G. Cullan, M. S. Fuhrer, and E. D. Williams, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl070613a 7, 1643.
187. Itzykson, C., and J.-B. Zuber, 2006, Quantum Field Theory (Dover, New York).
188. Jackiw, R., and C. Rebbi, 1976, Phys. Rev. D 10.1103/PhysRevD.13.3398 13, 3398.
189. Jiang, Z., E. A. Henriksen, L. C. Tung, Y.-J. Wang, M. E. Schwartz, M. Y. Han, P. Kim, and H. L. Stormer, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98. 197403 98, 197403.
190. Jiang, Z., Y. Zhang, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.106802 99, 106802.
191. Kane, C. L., and E. J. Mele, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 78.1932 78, 1932.
192. Kane, C. L., and E. J. Mele, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 93.197402 93, 197402.
193. Kane, C. L., and E. J. Mele, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 95.226801 95, 226801.
194. Katsnelson, M. I., 2006 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.201401 74, 201401.
195. Katsnelson, M. I., 2006 b, Eur. Phys. J. B 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00203-1 51, 157.
196. Katsnelson, M. I., 2007 a, Eur. Phys. J. B 10.1140/epjb/e2007-00168-5 57, 225.
197. Katsnelson, M. I., 2007 b, Mater. Today 10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71788-6 10, 20.
198. Katsnelson, M. I., 2007 c, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.073411 76, 073411.
199. Katsnelson, M. I., and A. K. Geim, 2008, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 10.1098/rsta.2007.2157 366, 195.
200. Katsnelson, M. I., and K. S. Novoselov, 2007, Solid State Commun. 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.02.043 143, 3.
201. Katsnelson, M. I., K. S. Novoselov, and A. K. Geim, 2006, Nat. Phys. 2, 620. 10.1038/nphys384
202. Kechedzhi, K., V. I. Fal'ko, E. McCann, and B. L. Altshuler, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.176806 98, 176806.
203. Khveshchenko, D. V., 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.246802 87, 246802.
204. Khveshchenko, D. V., 2008, Europhys. Lett. 82, 57008. 10.1209/0295-5075/82/57008
205. Khveshchenko, D. V., and W. F. Shively, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.115104 73, 115104.
206. Kobayashi, Y., K. Fukui, T. Enoki, K. Kusakabe, and Y. Kaburagi, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.193406 71, 193406.
207. Kolesnikov, D. V., and V. A. Osipov, 2004, JETP Lett. 79, 532. 10.1134/1.1787100
208. Kolesnikov, D. V., and V. A. Osipov, 2006, Eur. Phys. J. B 10.1140/epjb/e2006-00087-y 49, 465.
209. Kolezhuk, A., S. Sachdev, R. B. Biswas, and P. Chen, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165114 74, 165114.
210. Kopelevich, Y., and P. Esquinazi, 2007, J. Low Temp. Phys. 146, 629. 10.1007/s10909-006-9286-5
211. Kopelevich, Y., J. C. Medina Pantoja, R. R. da Silva, F. Mrowka, and P. Esquinazi, 2006, Phys. Lett. A 10.1016/j.physleta.2006.02.034 355, 233.
212. Kopelevich, Y., J. H. S. Torres, R. R. da Silva, F. Mrowka, H. Kempa, and P. Esquinazi, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.156402 90, 156402.
213. Koshino, M., and T. Ando, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.245403 73, 245403.
214. Koshino, M., and T. Ando, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235333 75, 235333.
215. Kumazaki, H., and D. S. Hirashima, 2006, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.75.053707 75, 053707.
216. Kumazaki, H., and D. S. Hirashima, 2007, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.76.064713 76, 064713.
217. Kusminskiy, S. V., J. Nilsson, D. K. Campbell, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 106805. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.106805
218. Lammert, P. E., and V. H. Crespi, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.69. 035406 69, 035406.
219. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1959, Theory of Elasticity (Pergamon, London).
220. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1981, Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory (Pergamon, London).
221. Laughlin, R. B., 1981, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.23.5632 23, 5632.
222. Lazzeri, M., and F. Mauri, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97. 266407 97, 266407.
223. LeClair, A., 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1292 84, 1292.
224. Le Doussal, P., and L. Radzihovsky, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1209 69, 1209.
225. Lee, P. A., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1887 71, 1887.
226. Lee, P. A., and T. V. Ramakrishnan, 1985, Rev. Mod. Phys. 10.1103/RevModPhys.57.287 57, 287.
227. Lee, S.-S., and P. A. Lee, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95. 036403 95, 036403.
228. Leenaerts, O., B. Partoens, and F. M. Peeters, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 125416. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.125416
229. Lemme, M. C., T. J. Echtermeyer, M. Baus, and H. Kurz, 2007, IEEE Electron Device Lett. 10.1109/LED.2007.891668 28, 282.
230. Lenosky, T., X. Gonze, M. Teter, and V. Elser, 1992, Nature (London) 10.1038/355333a0 355, 333.
231. Lewenkopf, C. H., E. R. Mucciolo, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 081410 (R). 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.081410
232. Li, G., and E. Y., Andrei, 2007, Nat. Phys. 3, 623. 10.1038/nphys653
233. Li, Z. Q., S.-W. Tsai, W. J. Padilla, S. V. Dordevic, K. S. Burch, Y. J. Wang, and D. N. Basov, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.195404 74, 195404.
234. Lopes dos Santos, J. M. B., N. M. R. Peres, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.256802 99, 256802.
235. Louis, E., J. A. Vergés, F. Guinea, and G. Chiappe, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.085440 75, 085440.
236. Ludwig, A. W. W., M. P. A. Fisher, R. Shankar, and G. Grinstein, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.7526 50, 7526.
237. Lukose, V., R. Shankar, and G. Baskaran, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.116802 98, 116802.
238. Luk'yanchuk, I. A., and Y. Kopelevich, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166402 93, 166402.
239. Maiti, M., and K. Sengupta, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054513 76, 054513.
240. Malard, L. M., J. Nilsson, D. C. Elias, J. C. Brant, F. Plentz, E. S. Alves, A. H. Castro Neto, and M. A. Pimenta, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.201401 76, 201401.
241. Mallet, P., F. Varchon, C. Naud, L. Magaud, C. Berger, and J.-Y. Veuillen, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.041403 76, 041403 (R).
242. Mañes, J. L., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045430 76, 045430.
243. Mañes, J. L., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155424 75, 155424.
244. Maple, M. B., 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)00999-2 177, 18.
245. Mariani, E., L. Glazman, A. Kamenev, and F. von Oppen, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.165402 76, 165402.
246. Mariani, E., and F. von Oppen, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 076801; 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.076801
247. Mariani, E., and F. von Oppen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 249901 (E) (2008). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.249901
248. Martelo, L. M., M. Dzierzawa, L. Siffert, and D. Baeriswyl, 1997, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 10.1007/s002570050384 103, 335.
249. Martin, I., and Y. M. Blanter, 2007, e-print arXiv:0705.0532.
250. Martin, J., N. Akerman, G. Ulbricht, T. Lohmann, J. H. Smet, K. von Klitzing, and A. Yacoby, 2008, Nat. Phys. 10.1038/nphys781 4, 144
251. Martins, T. B., R. H. Miwa, A. J. R. da Silva, and A. Fazzio, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.196803 98, 196803.
252. Matsui, T., H. Kambara, Y. Niimi, K. Tagami, M. Tsukada, and H. Fukuyama, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.226403 94, 226403.
253. Mattausch, A., and O. Pankratov, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 076802. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.076802
254. McCann, E., 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.161403 74, 161403.
255. McCann, E., and V. I. Fal'ko, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 96.086805 96, 086805.
256. McCann, E., K. Kechedzhi, V. I. Fal'ko, H. Suzuura, T. Ando, and B. L. Altshuler, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.146805 97, 146805.
257. McClure, J. W., 1956, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.104.666 104, 666.
258. McClure, J. W., 1957, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.108.612 108, 612.
259. McClure, J. W., 1958, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.112.715 112, 715.
260. McClure, J. W., 1960, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.119.606 119, 606.
261. McClure, J. W., 1964, IBM J. Res. Dev. 8, 255.
262. McClure, J. W., 1971, Physics of Semi-Metals and Narrow-Gap Semiconductors, edited by, D. L. Carter, and, R. T. Bate, (Pergamon, New York).
263. McEuen, P. L., M. Bockrath, D. H. Cobden, Y.-G. Yoon, and S. G. Louie, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5098 83, 5098.
264. Meyer, J. C., A. K. Geim, M. I. Katsnelson, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, and S. Roth, 2007, Nature 10.1038/nature05545 446, 60.
265. Meyer, J. C., A. K. Geim, M. I. Katsnelson, K. S. Novoselov, D. Obergfell, S. Roth, C. Girit, and A. Zettl, 2007, Solid State Commun. 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.02.047 143, 101.
266. Miao, F., S. Wijeratne, U. Coskun, Y. Zhang, and C. N. Lau, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1144359 317, 1530.
267. Milton Pereira, J., Jr., P. Vasilopoulos, and F. M. Peeters, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl062967s 7, 946.
268. Min, H., J. Hill, N. Sinitsyn, B. Sahu, L. Kleinman, and A. MacDonald, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.165310 74, 165310.
269. Mishchenko, E. G., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.216801 98, 216801.
270. Morozov, S., K. Novoselov, M. Katsnelson, F. Schedin, D. Jiang, and A. K. Geim, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.016801 97, 016801.
271. Morozov, S. V., K. S. Novoselov, F. Schedin, D. Jiang, A. A. Firsov, and A. K. Geim, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.201401 72, 201401.
272. Morpurgo, A. F., and F. Guinea, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.196804 97, 196804.
273. Mrozowski, S., 1952, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.85.609 85, 609.
274. Muñoz-Rojas, F., D. Jacob, J. Fernández-Rossier, and J. J. Palacios, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.195417 74, 195417.
275. Nakada, K., M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.17954 54, 17954.
276. Nakamura, M., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.113301 76, 113301.
277. Nakao, K., 1976, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.40.761 40, 761.
278. Nelson, D., D. R. Piran, and S. Weinberg, 2004, Statistical Mechanics of Membranes and Surfaces (World Scientific, Singapore).
279. Nelson, D. R., and L. Peliti, 1987, J. Phys. (Paris) 48, 1085.
280. Nersesyan, A. A., A. M. Tsvelik, and F. Wenger, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.2628 72, 2628.
281. Niimi, Y., H. Kambara, T. Matsui, D. Yoshioka, and H. Fukuyama, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.236804 97, 236804.
282. Nilsson, J., and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.126801 98, 126801.
283. Nilsson, J., A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, and N. M. R. Peres, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266801 97, 266801.
284. Nilsson, J., A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, and N. M. R. Peres, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.165416 76, 165416.
285. Nilsson, J., A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, and N. M. R. Peres, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 78, 045405. 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.045405
286. Nilsson, J., A. H. Castro Neto, N. M. R. Peres, and F. Guinea, 2006 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214418 73, 214418.
287. Nilsson, J., A. H. Castro Neto, N. M. R. Peres, and F. Guinea, 2006 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.214418 73, 214418.
288. Nomura, K., M. Koshino, and S. Ryu, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.146806 99, 146806.
289. Nomura, K., and A. H. MacDonald, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.256602 96, 256602.
290. Nomura, K., and A. H. MacDonald, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.076602 98, 076602.
291. Novikov, D. S., 2007 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245435 76, 245435.
292. Novikov, D. S., 2007 b, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.2779107 91, 102102.
293. Novikov, D. S., 2007 c, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.056802 99, 056802.
294. Novoselov, K. S., A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, 2005, Nature 10.1038/nature04233 438, 197.
295. Novoselov, K. S., A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Gregorieva, and A. A. Firsov, 2004, Science 10.1126/science. 1102896 306, 666.
296. Novoselov, K. S., D. Jiang, F. Schedin, T. J. Booth, V. V. Khotkevich, S. V. Morozov, and A. K. Geim, 2005, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 10.1073/pnas.0502848102 102, 10451.
297. Novoselov, K. S., Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Morozov, H. L. Stormer, U. Zeitler, J. C. Maan, G. S. Boebinger, P. Kim, and A. K. Geim, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1137201 315, 1379.
298. Novoselov, K. S., E. McCann, S. V. Mozorov, V. I. Fal'ko, M. I. Katsnelson, U. Zeitler, D. Jiang, F. Schedin, and A. K. Geim, 2006, Nat. Phys. 10.1038/nphys245 2, 177.
299. Nozières, P., 1958, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.109.1510 109, 1510.
300. Ohishi, M., M. Shiraishi, R. Nouchi, T. Nozaki, T. Shinjo, and Y. Suzuki, 2007, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 10.1143/JJAP.46.L605 46, L605.
301. Ohta, K., 1971a, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 10.1143/JJAP.10.850 10, 850.
302. Ohta, K., 1971b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.31.1627 31, 1627.
303. Ohta, T., A. Bostwick, J. L. McChesney, T. Seyller, K. Horn, and E. Rotenberg, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.206802 98, 206802.
304. Ohta, T., A. Bostwick, T. Seyller, K. Horn, and E. Rotenberg, 2006, Science 10.1126/science.1130681 313, 951.
305. Oostinga, J. B., H. B. Heersche, X. Liu, A. Morpurgo, and L. M. K. Vandersypen, 2008, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat2082 7, 151.
306. Oshima, C., and A. Nagashima, 1997, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10.1088/0953-8984/9/1/004 9, 1.
307. Osipov, V. A., E. A. Kochetov, and M. Pudlak, 2003, JETP 10.1134/1.1545393 96, 140.
308. Ossipov, A., M. Titov, and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.241401 75, 241401.
309. Ostrovsky, P. M., I. V. Gornyi, and A. D. Mirlin, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.235443 74, 235443.
310. Ostrovsky, P. M., I. V. Gornyi, and A. D. Mirlin, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.256801 98, 256801.
311. Özyilmaz, B., P. Jarillo-Herrero, D. Efetov, D. A. Abanin, L. S. Levitov, and P. Kim, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.166804 99, 166804.
312. Paiva, T., R. T. Scalettar, W. Zheng, R. R. P. Singh, and J. Oitmaa, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085123 72, 085123.
313. Parr, R. G., D. P. Craig, and I. G. Ross, 1950, J. Chem. Phys. 10.1063/1.1747540 18, 1561.
314. Partoens, B., and F. M. Peeters, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 74, 075404. 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.075404
315. Pauling, L., 1972, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY).
316. Peliti, L., and S. Leibler, 1985, Phys. Rev. B 54, 1690. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.54.1690
317. Pereira, V. M., F. Guinea, J. M. B. L. dos Santos, N. M. R. Peres, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.036801 96, 036801.
318. Pereira, V. M., J. M. B. Lopes dos Santos, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 115109. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.115109
319. Pereira, V. M., J. Nilsson, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.166802 99, 166802.
320. Peres, N. M. R., M. A. N. Araújo, and D. Bozi, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.195122 70, 195122.
321. Peres, N. M. R., and E. V. Castro, 2007, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10.1088/0953-8984/19/40/406231 19, 406231.
322. Peres, N. M. R., A. H. Castro Neto, and F. Guinea, 2006 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.195411 73, 195411.
323. Peres, N. M. R., A. H. Castro Neto, and F. Guinea, 2006 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.241403 73, 241403.
324. Peres, N. M. R., F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.174406 72, 174406.
325. Peres, N. M. R., F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2006 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.125411 73, 125411.
326. Peres, N. M. R., F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2006 b, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 10.1016/j.aop.2006.04.006 321, 1559.
327. Peres, N. M. R., F. D. Klironomos, S.-W. Tsai, J. R. Santos, J. M. B. Lopes dos Santos, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Europhys. Lett. 10.1209/0295-5075/80/67007 80, 67007.
328. Peres, N. M. R., J. M. Lopes dos Santos, and T. Stauber, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.073412 76, 073412.
329. Petroski, H., 1989, The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance (Knopf, New York).
330. Phillips, P., 2006, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 10.1016/j.aop.2006.04.003 321, 1634.
331. Pisana, S., M. Lazzeri, C. Casiraghi, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, A. C. Ferrari, and F. Mauri, 2007, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat1846 6, 198.
332. Polini, M., R. Asgari, Y. Barlas, T. Pereg-Barnea, and A. H. MacDonald, 2007, Solid State Commun. 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.04.035 143, 58.
333. Polkovnikov, A., 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064503 65, 064503.
334. Polkovnikov, A., S. Sachdev, and M. Vojta, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.296 86, 296.
335. Rammal, R., 1985, J. Phys. (Paris) 10.1051/jphys:019850046080134500 46, 1345.
336. Recher, P., B. Trauzettel, Y. M. Blaner, C. W. J. Beenakker, and A. F. Morpurgo, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.235404 76, 235404.
337. Reich, S., J. Maultzsch, C. Thomsen, and P. Ordejón, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035412 66, 035412.
338. Robinson, J. P., and H. Schomerus, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.115430 76, 115430.
339. Rollings, E., G.-H. Gweon, S. Y. Zhou, B. S. Mun, J. L. McChesney, B. S. Hussain, A. V. Fedorov, P. N. First, W. A. de Heer, and A. Lanzara, 2006, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.05.010 67, 2172.
340. Rong, Z. Y., and P. Kuiper, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.17427 48, 17427.
341. Rosenstein, B., B. J. Warr, and S. H. Park, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1433 62, 1433.
342. Rosenstein, B., B. J. Warr, and S. H. Park, 1991, Phys. Rep. 10.1016/0370-1573(91)90129-A 205, 59.
343. Russo, S., J. B. Oostinga, D. Wehenkel, H. B. Heersche, S. S. Sobhani, L. M. K. Vandersypen, and A. F. Morpurgo, 2007, e-print arXiv:0711.1508
344. Rutter, G. M., J. N. Crain, N. P. Guisinger, T. Li, P. N. First, and J. A. Stroscio, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1142882 317, 219.
345. Rycerz, A., J. Tworzydlo, and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2007, Nat. Phys. 3, 172. 10.1038/nphys547
346. Rydberg, H., M. Dion, N. Jacobson, E. Schröder, P. Hyldgaard, S. I. Simak, D. C. Langreth, and B. I. Lundqvist, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.126402 91, 126402.
347. Ryu, S., C. Mudry, H. Obuse, and A. Furusaki, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.116601 99, 116601.
348. Sabio, J., C. Seoanez, S. Fratini, F. Guinea, A. H. Castro Neto, and F. Sols, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 195409. 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.195409
349. Sadowski, M. L., G. Martinez, M. Potemski, C. Berger, and W. A. de Heer, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266405 97, 266405.
350. Safran, S. A., 1984, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.30.421 30, 421.
351. Safran, S. A., and F. J. DiSalvo, 1979, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.20. 4889 20, 4889.
352. Saha, S. K., U. V. Waghmare, H. R. Krishnamurth, and A. K. Sood, 2007, e-print arXiv:cond-mat/0702627.
353. Saito, R., G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 1998, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (Imperial College Press, London).
354. Saito, R., M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 1992 a, Appl. Phys. Lett. 10.1063/1.107080 60, 2204.
355. Saito, R., M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 1992 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.1804 46, 1804.
356. San-Jose, P., E. Prada, and D. Golubev, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.195445 76, 195445.
357. Saremi, S., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.184430 76, 184430.
358. Sarma, S. D., E. H. Hwang, and W. K. Tse, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.121406 75, 121406.
359. Schakel, A. M. J., 1991, Phys. Rev. D 10.1103/PhysRevD.43.1428 43, 1428.
360. Schedin, F., A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, E. H. Hill, P. Blake, and K. S. Novoselov, 2007, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat1967 6, 652.
361. Schomerus, H., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.045433 76, 045433.
362. Schroeder, P. R., M. S. Dresselhaus, and A. Javan, 1968, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.1292 20, 1292.
363. Semenoff, G. W., 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.2449 53, 2449.
364. Sengupta, K., and G. Baskaran, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.77. 045417 77, 045417.
365. Seoanez, C., F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.125427 76, 125427.
366. Shankar, R., 1994, Rev. Mod. Phys. 10.1103/RevModPhys.66.129 66, 129.
367. Sharma, M. P., L. G. Johnson, and J. W. McClure, 1974, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.9.2467 9, 2467.
368. Shelton, J. C., H. R. Patil, and J. M. Blakely, 1974, Surf. Sci. 10.1016/0039-6028(74)90272-6 43, 493.
369. Sheng, D. N., L. Sheng, and Z. Y. Wen, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.233406 73, 233406.
370. Sheng, L., D. N. Sheng, F. D. M. Haldane, and L. Balents, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.196802 99, 196802.
371. Shklovskii, B. I., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 233411. 10.1103/PhysRevB.76. 233411
372. Shon, N. H., and T. Ando, 1998, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 10.1143/JPSJ.67.2421 67, 2421.
373. Shung, K. W. K., 1986 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.34.979 34, 979.
374. Shung, K. W. K., 1986 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.34.1264 34, 1264.
375. Shytov, A. V., M. I. Katsnelson, and L. S. Levitov, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.236801 99, 236801.
376. Silvestrov, P. G., and K. B. Efetov, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.016802 98, 016802.
377. Sinitsyna, O. V., and I. V. Yaminsky, 2006, Russ. Chem. Rev. 10.1070/RC2006v075n01ABEH003600 75, 23.
378. Skrypnyk, Y. V., and V. M. Loktev, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.241402 73, 241402 (R).
379. Skrypnyk, Y. V., and V. M. Loktev, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.245401 75, 245401.
380. Slonczewski, J. C., and P. R. Weiss, 1958, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.109.272 109, 272.
381. Snyman, I., and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.045322 75, 045322.
382. Sols, F., F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.166803 99, 166803.
383. Son, D. T., 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235423 75, 235423.
384. Son, Y.-W., M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, 2006 a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.216803 97, 216803.
385. Son, Y.-W., M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, 2006 b, Nature (London) 10.1038/nature05180 444, 347.
386. Sorella, S., and E. Tosatti, 1992, Europhys. Lett. 10.1209/0295-5075/19/ 8/007 19, 699.
387. Soule, D. E., J. W. McClure, and L. B. Smith, 1964, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.134.A453 134, A453.
388. Spataru, C. D., M. A. Cazalilla, A. Rubio, L. X. Benedict, P. M. Echenique, and S. G. Louie, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.246405 87, 246405.
389. Spry, W. J., and P. M. Scherer, 1960, Phys. Rev. 120, 826. 10.1103/PhysRev.120.826
390. Stauber, T., F. Guinea, and M. A. H. Vozmediano, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.041406 71, 041406.
391. Stauber, T., N. M. R. Peres, F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.115425 75, 115425.
392. Stephan, O., P. M. Ajayan, C. Colliex, P. Redlich, J. M. Lambert, P. Bernier, and P. Lefin, 1994, Science 10.1126/science.266.5191.1683 266, 1683.
393. Stolyarova, E., K. T. Rim, S. Ryu, J. Maultzsch, P. Kim, L. E. Brus, T. F. Heinz, M. S. Hybertsen, and G. W. Flynn, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 10.1073/pnas.0703337104 104, 9209.
394. Stone, M., 1992, Quantum Hall Effect (World Scientific, Singapore).
395. Su, W. P., J. R. Schrieffer, and A. J. Heeger, 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.1698 42, 1698.
396. Su, W. P., J. R. Schrieffer, and A. J. Heeger, 1980, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.22.2099 22, 2099.
397. Sugawara, K., T. Sato, S. Souma, T. Takahashi, and H. Suematsu, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.036801 98, 036801.
398. Suzuura, H., and T. Ando, 2002 a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 89.266603 89, 266603.
399. Suzuura, H., and T. Ando, 2002 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.235412 65, 235412.
400. Swain, P. S., and D. Andelman, 1999, Langmuir 10.1021/la990503m 15, 8902.
401. Tanuma, S., and H. Kamimura, 1985, Graphite Intercalation Compounds: Progress of Research in Japan (World Scientific, Singapore).
402. Tersoff, J., 1992, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.46.15546 46, 15546.
403. Tikhonenko, F. V., D. W. Horsell, R. V. Gorbachev, and A. K. Savchenko, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 056802. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.056802
404. Titov, M., 2007, Europhys. Lett. 10.1209/0295-5075/79/17004 79, 17004.
405. Titov, M., and C. Beenakker, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.74. 041401 74, 041401.
406. Tománek, D., S. G. Louie, H. J. Mamin, D. W. Abraham, R. E. Thomson, E. Ganz, and J. Clarke, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.35.7790 35, 7790.
407. Tombros, N., C. Jozsa, M. Popinciuc, H. T. Jonkman, and J. van Wees, 2007, Nature 10.1038/nature06037 448, 571.
408. Trushin, M., and J. Schliemann, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.216602 99, 216602.
409. Tu, Z.-C., and Z.-C. Ou-Yang, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.65. 233407 65, 233407.
410. Tworzydlo, J., I. Snyman, A. R. Akhmerov, and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.035411 76, 035411.
411. Tworzydlo, J., B. Trauzettel, M. Titov, A. Rycerz, and C. W. J. Beenakker, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.246802 96, 246802.
412. Uchoa, B., and A. H. Castro Neto, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.146801 98, 146801.
413. Uchoa, B., C.-Y. Lin, and A. H. Castro Neto, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.035420 77, 035420.
414. Vafek, O., 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266406 97, 266406.
415. Vafek, O., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.216401 98, 216401.
416. Varchon, F., R. Feng, J. Hass, X. Li, B. N. Nguyen, C. Naud, P. Mallet, J. Y. Veuillen, C. Berger, E. H. Conrad, and L. Magaud, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.126805 99, 126805.
417. Vázquez de Parga, A. L., F. Calleja, B. Borca, M. C. G. Passeggi, Jr., J. J. Hinarejo, F. Guinea, and R. Miranda, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 056807. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.056807
418. Visscher, P. B., and L. M. Falicov, 1971, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.3.2541 3, 2541.
419. Vozmediano, M. A. H., M. P. López-Sancho, and F. Guinea, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.166401 89, 166401.
420. Vozmediano, M. A. H., M. P. López-Sancho, and F. Guinea, 2003, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.195122 68, 195122.
421. Vozmediano, M. A. H., M. P. López-Sancho, T. Stauber, and F. Guinea, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.155121 72, 155121.
422. Wakabayashi, K., M. Fujita, H. Ajiki, and M. Sigrist, 1999, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.8271 59, 8271.
423. Wakayabashi, K., and M. Sigrist, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3390 84, 3390.
424. Wallace, P. R., 1947, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.71.622 71, 622.
425. Wang, H., D. N. Sheng, L. Sheng, and F. D. M. Haldane, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 116802. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.116802
426. Wang, X.-F., and T. Chakraborty, 2007 a, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.033408 75, 033408.
427. Wang, X.-F., and T. Chakraborty, 2007 b, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.041404 75, 041404 (R).
428. Wehling, T. O., K. S. Novoselov, S. V. Morozov, E. E. Vdovin, M. I. Katsnelson, A. K. Geim, and A. I. Lichtenstein, 2008, Nano Lett. 8, 173. 10.1021/nl072364w
429. Williams, J. R., L. DiCarlo, and C. M. Marcus, 2007, Science 10.1126/science.1144657 317, 638.
430. Williamson, S. J., S. Foner, and M. S. Dresselhaus, 1965, Phys. Rev. 10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1429 140, A1429.
431. Wirtz, L., and A. Rubio, 2004, Solid State Commun. 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.04. 042 131, 141.
432. Wu, X., X. Li, Z. Song, C. Berger, and W. A. de Heer, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.136801 98, 136801.
433. Wunsch, B., T. Stauber, F. Sols, and F. Guinea, 2006, New J. Phys. 10.1088/1367-2630/8/12/318 8, 318.
434. Xin, Z., Z. Jianjun, and O.-Y. Zhong-can, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13692 62, 13692.
435. Xu, S., J. Cao, C. C. Miller, D. A. Mantell, R. J. D. Miller, and Y. Gao, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.483 76, 483.
436. Yan, J., Y. Zhang, P. Kim, and A. Pinczuk, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.166802 98, 166802.
437. Yang, L., M. V. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, 2007, Nano Lett. 10.1021/nl0716404 7, 3112.
438. Yang, L., C.-H. Park, Y.-W. Son, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.186801 99, 186801.
439. Yang, X., and C. Nayak, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.064523 65, 064523.
440. Yao, Y., F. Ye, X.-L. Qi, S.-C. Zhang, and Z. Fang, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.041401 75, 041401.
441. Zarea, M., and N. Sandler, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99. 256804 99, 256804.
442. Zhang, C.-H., and Y. N. Joglekar, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 10.1103/PhysRevB.75. 245414 75, 245414.
443. Zhang, L. M., and M. M. Fogler, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 116804. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.116804
444. Zhang, Y., Z. Jiang, J. P. Small, M. S. Purewal, Y.-W. Tan, M. Fazlollahi, J. D. Chudow, J. A. Jaszczak, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.136806 96, 136806.
445. Zhang, Y., Y.-W. Tan, H. L. Stormer, and P. Kim, 2005, Nature 10.1038/nature04235 438, 201.
446. Zhong-can, O.-Y., Z.-B. Su, and C.-L. Wang, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4055 78, 4055.
447. Zhou, S., G.-H. Gweon, and A. Lanzara, 2006, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 10.1016/j.aop.2006.04.011 321, 1730.
448. Zhou, S. Y., G.-H. Gweon, A. V. Fedorov, P. N. First, W. A. de Heer, D.-H. Lee, F. Guinea, A. H. Castro Neto, and A. Lanzara, 2007, Nature Mater. 10.1038/nmat2003 6, 770.
449. Zhou, S. Y., G.-H. Gweon, J. Graf, A. V. Fedorov, C. D. Spataru, R. D. Diehl, Y. Kopelevich, D.-H. Lee, S. G. Louie, and A. Lanzara, 2006, Nat. Phys. 2, 595. 10.1038/nphys393
450. Ziegler, K., 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3113 80, 3113.
451. Ziman, J. M., 1972, Principles of the Theory of Solids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).