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We also calculated the reaction mechanism in which the water molecules first carry out an autoionization process proposed in Scheme 2. Then, one hydrogen atom in the hydronium shifts to the C4 atom see 8 in Figure 2 for atom labeling, Finally, the H7 atom is abstracted by water. The free energy needed for a H shift at room temperature is more than 30 kcal/mol, indicating that this reaction path is not favorable. For the discussion of autoionization process, see: Zhang, X, Houk, K. N. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 9712
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-
2, the direct [1,2]-hydride shift could act as a background reaction to compete with the water-catalyzed [1,2]-proton shift process since the [1,2]-hydride shift in dry solution is not difficult. This also means that the background [1,2]-hydride shift could compete with the deuterium incorporation shown in Scheme 6.
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In the Lu (3, 2) cycloaddition between allenoates and activated alkenes catalyzed by P(Ph)3, the direct [1,2]-hydrogen shift has a computed activation energy of about 40 kcal/mol. Because of this, the direct [1,2]-hydrogen shift does not occur. Instead, a water-catalyzed [1,2]-hydrogen shift takes place exclusively. For details, see: Xia, Y, Liang, Y, Chen, Y, Wang, M, Jiao, L, Huang, F, Liu, S, Li, Y, Yu, Z.-X. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 3470
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When a three-water cluster acts as a catalyst, no direct [1,2]-H shift transition structure (similar to TS13′) can be located.
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Water-catalyzed [1,2]-hydrogen shift reactions could also occur in organocatalytic reactions. For recent examples, see: (a) ref 36.
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Water-catalyzed [1,2]-hydrogen shift reactions could also occur in organocatalytic reactions. For recent examples, see: (a) ref 36.
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(c) Chou, P.-T.; Yu, W.-S.; Wei, C.-Y.; Cheng, Y.-M.; Yang, C.-Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3599.
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(2001)
J. Am. Chem. Soc
, vol.123
, pp. 3599
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Chou, P.-T.1
Yu, W.-S.2
Wei, C.-Y.3
Cheng, Y.-M.4
Yang, C.-Y.5
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