Antigen specificity and T-cell clonality in periodontal disease

Periodontology 2000

Volumn 35, Issue , 2004, Pages 75-100

  Yamazaki, Kazuhisa ^a   Nakajima, Takako ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL; CELL CLONE; GENE REARRANGEMENT; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION;

ANIMALS; AUTOANTIGENS; CLONE CELLS; CYTOKINES; GENE REARRANGEMENT, T-LYMPHOCYTE; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; PERIODONTAL DISEASES; T-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS;

EID: 2942568462     PISSN: 09066713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003558.x     Document Type: Review

References (229)

1. Alexander MB, Damoulis PD. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Curr Opin Periodontol 1994: 39-53.
2. Aoyagi T, Yamazaki K, Kabasawa-Katoh, Y, Nakajima T, Yamashita N, Yoshie H, Hara K. Elevated CTLA-4 expression on CD4 T cells from periodontitis patients stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane antigen. Clin Exp Immunol 2000: 119: 280-286.
3. Armitage RJ, Fanslow WC, Strockbine L, Sato TA, Clifford KN, Macduff BM, Anderson DM, Gimpel SD, Davis-Smith T, Maliszewski CR, Clark EA, Smith CA, Grabstein KH, Cosman D, Spriggs MK. Molecular and biological characterization of a murine ligand for CD40. Nature 1992: 357: 80-82.
4. Asano M, Toda M, Sakaguchi N, Sakaguchi S. Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation. J Exp Med 1996: 184: 387-396.
5. + regulatory cells in human peripehral blood. J Immunol 2001: 167: 1245-1253.
6. + T cells and the proinflammatory cytokines γ interferon and interleukin-6 contribute to alveolar bone loss in mice. Infect Immun 1999: 67: 2804-2809.
7. --cell deficiency and IDDM in NOD/Lt mice. Diabetes 1997: 46: 572-582.
8. + T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 1995: 7: 367-374.
9. Bendelac A, Rivera MN, Park S-H, Roark JH. Mouse CD1-specific NK1 T cells: Development, specificity and function. Annu Rev Immunol 1997: 15: 535-562.
10. Berglundh T, Liljenberg B, Tarkowski A, Lindhe J. Local and systemic TCR V gene expression in advanced periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 125-133.
11. Berglundh T, Wellfelt B, Liljenberg B, Lindhe J. Some local and systemic immunological features of prepubertal periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2001: 28: 113-120.
12. 2 inhibits production of Th1 lymphokines but not of Th2 lymphokines. J Immunol 1991: 146: 108-113.
13. van Bezooijen RL, Farih-Sips HC, Papapoulos SE, Lowick CW. Interleukin-17: a new bone acting cytokine in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 1999: 14: 1513-1521.
14. Bierer BE, Sleckman BP, Ratnofsky SE, Burakoff SJ. The biologic roles of CD2, CD4, and CD8 in T-cell activation. Annu Rev Immunol 1989: 7: 579-599.
15. Bix M, Locksley RM. Natual T cells: cells that co-express NKPR-1 and TCR. J Immunol 1995: 155: 1020-1022.
16. Blumberg H, Conklin D, Xu W, Grossmann A, Brender T, Carollo S, Eagan M, Foster D, Haldeman BA, Hammond A. Interleukin 20: discovery, receptor identification, and role in epidermal function. Cell 2001: 104: 9-19.
17. Bonecchi R, Bianchi G, Bordignon PP, Ambrosio D, Lang R, Borsatti A, Sozzani S, Allavena P, Gray PA, Mantovani A, Sinigaglia F. Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s. J Exp Med 1998: 187: 129-134.
18. Burgess TL, Qian Y, Kaufman S, Ring BD, Van G, Capparelli C, Kelley M, Hsu H, Boyle WJ, Dunstan CR, Hu S, Lacey DL. The ligand for osteoprotegerin (OPGL) directly activates mature osteoclasts. J Cell Biol 1999: 145: 527-538.
19. Celenligil H, Kansu E, Ruacan S, Eratalay K, Caglayan G. Immunohistological analysis of gingival lymphocytes in adult periodontitis. J Clin Periodoniol 1990: 17: 542-548.
20. Celenligil H, Kansu E, Ruacan S, Eratalay K, Caglayan G. In situ characterization of gingival mononuclear cells in rapidly progressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 120-127.
21. Cenci E, Romani L, Mencacci A, Spaccapelo R, Schiaffella E, Puccetti P, Bistoni F. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 inhibit nitric oxide-dependent macrophage killing of Candida albicans. Eur J Immunol 1993: 23: 1034-1038.
22. Chapple CC, Srivastava M, Hunter N. Failure of macrophage activation in destructive periodontal disease. J Pathol 1998: 186: 281-286.
23. Coffman RL. T-helper heterogeneity and immune response patterns. Hosp Pract 1989: 24: 101-105, 108, 113-114, passim.
24. Coffman RL, Mocci S, O'Garra A. The stability and reversibility of Th1 and Th2 populations. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1999: 238: 1-12.
25. Cohen JJ, Duke RC, Fadok VA, Sellins KS. Apoptosis and programmed cell death in immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 1992: 10: 267-293.
26. Cole KL, Seymour GJ, Powell RN. Phenotypic and functional analysis of T-cells extracted from chronically inflamed human periodontal tissues. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 569-573.
27. + T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annu Rev Immunol 1997: 15: 297-322.
28. Crotti T, Smith MD, Hirsch R, Soukoulis S, Weedon H, Capone M, Ahem MJ, Haynes D. Receptor activator of NF κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2003: 38: 380-387.
29. D'Andrea A, Aste-Amezaga M, Valiante NM, Ma X, Kubin M, Trinchieri G. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits human lymphocyte interferon γ-production by suppressing natural killer cell stimulatory factor/IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells. J Exp Med 1993: 178: 1041-1048.
30. Davis MM, Bjorkman PJ. T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition. Nature 1988: 334: 395-402.
31. - T cells. J Exp Med 1994: 180: 1171-1176.
32. Dellacasagrande J, Capo C, Raoult D, Mege JL. IFN-γ-mediated control of Coxiella burnetii survival in monocytes: the role of cell apoptosis and TNF. J Immunol 1999: 162: 2259-2265.
33. + T cells with regulatory properties from human blood. J Exp Med 2001: 193: 1303-1310.
34. Dohi M, Yamamoto K, Masuko K, Ikeda Y, Matsuzaki G, Sugiyama H, Suko M, Okudaira H, Mizushima Y, Nishioka K, Ito K. Accumulation of multiple T cell clonotypes in lungs of healthy individuals and patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Immunol 1994: 152: 1983-1988.
35. Dumoutier L, Van Roost E, Colau D, Renauld J-C. Human interleukin-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor: Molecular cloning and functional characterization as an hepatocyte-stimulating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000: 97: 10144-10149.
36. van Eden W, van der Zee R, Paul AGA, Prakken B, Wendling U, Anderton SM, Wauben MHM. Do heat shock proteins control the balance of T-cell regulation in inflammatory diseases? Immunol Today 1998: 19: 303-307.
37. + T lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induced with two different retinal antigens. J Immunol 1993: 151: 1627-1636.
38. Elenkov IJ, Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP. Modulatory effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on human interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production: clinical implications. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996: 108: 374-381.
39. - T cells. J Exp Med 1997: 186: 109-120.
40. Fields BA, Malchiodi EL, Li H, Ysern X, Stauffacher CV, Schlievert PM, Karjalainen K, Mariuzza RA. Crystal structure of a T-cell receptor β-chain complexed with a super-antigen. Nature 1996: 384: 188-192.
41. Fiorentino DF, Zlotnik A, Mosmann TR, Howard M, O'Garra A. IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages. J Immunol 1991: 147: 3815-3822.
42. Fiorentino DF, Zlotnik A, Vieira P, Mosmann TR, Howard M, Moore KW, O'Garra A. IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells. J Immunol 1991: 146: 3444-3451.
43. + T cell clones secrete the Th1 pattern of cytokines. J Immunol 1990: 144: 1744-1752.
44. Fossiez F, Djossou O, Chomarat P, Flores-Romo L, Ait-Yahia S, Maat C, Pin JJ, Garrone P, Garcia E, Saeland S, Blanchard D, Gaillard C, Das Mahapatra B, Rouvier E, Golstein P, Banchereau J, Lebecque S. T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines. J Exp Med 1996: 183: 2593-2603.
45. + T cells isolated from inflamed gingival tissues. Clin Exp Immunol 1996: 103: 422-428.
46. Gajewski TF, Fitch FW. Anti-proliferative effect of IFN-γ in immune regulation. I. IFN-γ inhibits the proliferation of Th2 but not Th1 murine helper T lymphocyte clones. J Immunol 1988: 140: 4245-4252.
47. Gallagher G, Dickensheets H, Eskdale J, Izotova LS, Mirochnitchenko OV, Peat JD, Vazquez N, Pestka S, Donnelly RP, Kotenko SV. Cloning, expression and initial characterization of interleukin-19 (IL-19), a novel homologue of human interleukin-10 (IL-10). Genes Immun 2000: 1: 442-450.
48. + T cells from localized juvenile periodontitis patients and human peripheral blood leukocyte-reconstituted NOD/SCID mice. J Periodontal Res 2002: 37: 399-104.
49. Garlet GP, Martins Jr W, Ferreira BR, Milanezi CM, Silva JS. Patterns of chemokines and chemokine receptors expression in different forms of human periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2003: 38: 210-217.
50. 2 but not IL-1β in patients with adult periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1989: 24: 88-95.
51. Geatch DR, Ross DA, Heasman P, Taylor JJ. Expression of T-cell receptor Vβ2, 6 and 8 gene families in chronic adult periodontal disease. Eur J Oral Sci 1997: 105: 397-404.
52. Geatch DR, Harris JI, Heasman PA, Taylor JJ. In vitro studies of lymphocyte apoptosis induced by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 1999: 34: 70-78.
53. Gemmell E, Feldner B, Seymour GJ. CD45RA and CD45RO positive CD4 cells in human peripheral blood and periodontal disease tissue before and after stimulation with periodontopathic bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992: 7: 84-88.
54. Gemmell E, Kjeldsen M, Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Aldred MJ, Seymour GJ. Cytokine profiles of Porphyromonas gingivalis-reactive T lymphocyte lines and clones derived from P. gingivalis-infected subjects. Oral Dis 1995: 1: 139-146.
55. Gemmell E, Grieco DA, Cullinan MP, Westerman B, Seymour GJ. Antigen-specific T-cell receptor Vβ expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific T-cell lines. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1998: 13: 355-361.
56. Gemmell E, Grieco DA, Cullinan MP, Westerman B, Seymour GJ. The proportion of interleukin-4, interferon-γ and interleukin-10-positive cells in Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific T-cell lines established from P. gingivalis-positive subjects. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999: 14: 267-274.
57. Gemmell E, Prajaneh S, Grieco DA, Taylor JJ, Seymour GJ. Apoptosis in Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific T-cell lines. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999: 14: 331-338.
58. Gemmell E, McHugh GB, Grieco DA, Seymour GJ. Costimulatory molecules in human periodontal disease tissues. J Periodontal Res 2001: 36: 92-100.
59. Gemmell E, Yamazaki K, Seymour GJ. Destructive periodontitis lesions are determined by the nature of the lymphocytic response. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2002: 13: 17-34.
60. - thymocytes. J Autoimmun 1997: 10: 279-285.
61. Goebeler M, Yoshimura T, Toksoy A, Ritter U, Brocker EB, Gillitzer R. The chemokine repertoire of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines. J Invest Dermatol 1997: 108: 445-451.
62. +-like thymocytes in the NOD mouse. Eur J Immunol 1996: 26: 2989-2998.
63. + T cells. J Exp Med 1996: 184: 19-29.
64. Gumperz JE, Brenner MB. CD1-specific T cells in microbial immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2001: 13: 471-478.
65. Hafler DA, Duby AD, Lee SJ, Benjamin D, Seidman JG, Weiner HL. Oligoclonal T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 1988: 167: 1313-1322.
66. Hahn C-L, Schenkein HA, Tew JG. Polyclonal B cell activators and in vitro induction of auto-antibody reactive with collagen. J Periodontal Res 1997: 32: 608-613.
67. + T cells. Int Immunol 1998: 10: 1491-1499.
68. - (NKT) thymocytes prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/Lt mice by the influence of interleukin (IL)-4 and/or IL-10. J Exp Med 1998: 187: 1047-1056.
69. Hirsch HZ, Tarkowski A, Miller EJ, Gay S, Koopman WJ, Mestecky J. Autoimmunity to collagen in adult periodontal disease. J Oral Pathol 1988: 17: 456-459.
70. Horwood NJ, Udagawa N, Elliott J, Grail D, Okamura H, Kurimoto M, Dunn AR, Martin T, Gillespie MT. Interleukin 18 inhibits osteoclast formation via T cell production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Clin Invest 1998: 101: 595-603.
71. Horwood NJ, Kartsogiannis V, Quinn JM, Romas E, Martin TJ, Gillespie MT. Activated T lymphocytes support osteoclast formation in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999: 265: 144-150.
72. + T-cell accumulation in periodontal diseased tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 2002: 128: 548-554.
73. + T cells through IL-12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. Science 1993: 260: 547-549.
74. Hsu H, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Solovyev I, Colombero A, Timms E, Tan HL, Elliott G, Kelley MJ, Sarosi I, Wang L, Xia XZ, Elliott R, Chiu L, Black T, Scully S, Capparelli C, Morony S, Shimamoto G, Bass MB, Boyle WJ. Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999: 96: 3540-3545.
75. Ikeda Y, Masuko K, Nakai Y, Kata T, Hasanuma T, Yoshino S-I, Mizushima Y, Nishioka K, Yamamoto K. High frequencies of identical T cell clonotypes in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients suggest the occurrence of common antigen-driven immune response. Arthritis Rheum 1996: 39: 446-453.
76. Imai T, Nagira M, Takagi S, Kakizaki M, Nishimura M, Wang J, Gray PW, Matsushima K, Yoshie O. Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells by the CC-chemokines TARC and MDC. Int Immunol 1999: 11.
77. Isogai E, H. I, Kimura K, Fujii N, Takagi S, Hirose K, Hayashi M. In vivo induction of apoptosis and immune responses in mice by administration of lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun 1996: 64: 1461-1466.
78. Ito Y, Nieda M, Uchigata Y, Nishimura M, Tokunaga K, Kuwata S, Obata F, Tadokoro K, Hirata Y, Omori Y. Recognition of human insulin in the context of HLA-DRB1*0406 products by T cells of insulin autoimmune syndrome patients and healthy donors. J Immunol 1993: 151: 5770-5776.
79. Itoh H, Ohsawa Y, Yoshie H, Yamazaki K. Oligoclonal accumulation of T-cell clones in gingivitis and periodontitis lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002: 17: 324-329.
80. Ivanyi L, Lehner T. Stimulation of lymphocyte transformation by bacterial antigens in patients with periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 1970: 15: 1089-1096.
81. Ivanyi L, Lehner T. Lymphocyte transformation by sonicates of dental plaque in human periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 1971: 16: 1117-1121.
82. Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M, Shlomchik MJ. The generation of lymphocyte antigen receptors. In: Immunobilogy. New York: Garland Publishing, 2001: 123-154.
83. Jenkins MK, Taylor PS, Norton SD, Urdahl KB. CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal involved in antigen-specific IL-2 production by human T cells. J Immunol 1991: 147: 2461-2466.
84. Jewett A, Hume WR, Le H, Huynh TN, Han YW, Cheng G, Shi W. Induction of apoptotic cell death in peripehral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells by an oral bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Infect Immun 2000: 68: 1893-1898.
85. Johnson DR, Pober JS. Tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon synergistically increase transcription of HLA class I heavy- and light-chain genes in vascular endothelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990: 87: 5183-5187.
86. June CH, Bluestone JA, Nadler LM, Thompson CB. The B7 and CD28 receptor families. Immunol Today 1994: 15: 321-331.
87. Karimzadeh K, Morrison J, Zadeh HH. Comparison of gingival and peripehral blood T cells among patients with periodontitis suggests skewing of the gingival T cell antigen receptor Vβ repertoire. J Periodontal Res 1999: 34: 445-456.
88. Kaslow HR, Guo Z, Warren DW, Wood RL, Mircheff AM. A method to study induction of autoimmunity in vitro: co-culture of lacrimal cells and autologous immune system cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998: 438: 583-589.
89. Kawai T, Seki M, Hiromatsu K, Eastcott AV, Watts GFM, Sugai M, Smith DJ, Porcelli SA, Taubman MA. Selective diapedesis of Th1 cells induced by endothelial cell RANTES. J Immunol 1999: 163: 3269-3278.
90. Kawai T, Eisen-Lev R, Seki M, Eastcott JW, Wilson ME, Taubman MA. Requirement of B7 costimulation for Th1-mediated inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontal disease. J Immunol 2000: 164: 2102-2109.
91. + thymocytes. Nature 1988: 333: 742-746.
92. Kobayashi K, Takahashi N, Jimi E, Udagawa N, Takami M, Kotake S, Nakagawa N, Kinosaki M, Yamaguchi K, Shima N, Yasuda H, Morinaga T, Higashio K, Martin TJ, Suda T. Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates osteoclast differentiation by a mechanism independent of the ODF/RANKL-RANK interaction. J Exp Med 2000: 191: 275-286.
93. Kong Y-Y, Feige U, Sarosi I, Bolon B, Tafuri A, Morony S, Capparelli C, Li J, Elliott R, McCabe S, Wong T, Campagnuolo G, Moran E, Bogoch ER, Van G, Nguyen LT, Ohashi PS, Lacey DL, Fish E, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM. Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand. Nature 1999: 402: 304-309.
94. Kourilsky P, Truffa-Bachi P. Cytokine fields and the polarization of the immune response. Trend Immunol 2001: 22: 502-509.
95. Kuhn R, Rajewsky K, Muller W. Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice. Science 1991: 254: 707-710.
96. Kumar V. TCR peptide-reactive T cells and peripheral tolerance to myelin basic protein. Res Immunol 1998: 149: 827-834.
97. Kurita-Ochiai T, Ochiai K, Saito N, Ikeda T. Volatile fatty acids, metabolic by-products of periodontopathic bacteria, inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. J Dent Res 1995: 74: 1367-1373.
98. Kurita-Ochiai T, Fukushima K, Ochiai K. Butylic acid-induced apoptosis of murine thymocytes, splenic T cells, and human Jurkat T cells. Infect Immun 1997: 65: 35-41.
99. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL, Kelley MJ, Dunstan CR, Burgess T, Elliott R, Colombero A, Elliott G, Scully S, Hsu H, Sullivan J, Hawkins N, Davy E, Capparelli C, Eli A, Qian YX, Kaufman S, Sarosi I, Shalhoub V, Senaldi G, Guo J, Delaney J, Boyle WJ. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 1998: 93: 165-176.
100. Laichalk LL, Danforth JM, Standiford TJ. Interleukin-10 inhibits neutrophil phagocytic and bactericidal activity. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1996: 15: 181-187.
101. - T cells in mice and humans. J Exp Med 1994: 180: 1097-1106.
102. Lappin DF, Koulouri O, Radvar M, Hodge P, Kinane DF. Relative proportions of mononuclear cell types in periodontal lesions analyzed by immunohistochemistry. J Clin Periodontol 1999: 26: 183-189.
103. Lappin DF, MacLeod CP, Kerr A, Mitchell T, Kinane DF. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and T cell cytokine profile in periodontitis granulation tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 2001: 123: 294-300.
104. + T cells. Infect Immun 2000: 68: 5420-5424.
105. Li J, Sarosi I, Yan XQ, Morony S, Capparelli C, Tan HL, McCabe S, Elliott R, Scully S, Van G, Kaufman S, Juan SC, Sun Y, Tarpley J, Martin L, Christensen K, McCabe J, Kostenuik P, Hsu H, Fletcher F, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Boyle WJ. RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000: 97: 1566-1571.
106. Liljenberg B, Lindhe J, Berglundh T, Dahlen G, Jonsson R. Some microbiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of progressive periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 720-727.
107. Llewelyn M, Cohen J. Superantigens: microbial agents that corrupt immunity. Lancet Infect Dis 2002: 2: 156-162.
108. Loetscher P, Uguccioni M, Bordoli L, Baggiolini L, Moser B. CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes. Nature 1998: 391: 344-345.
109. + cells: new clues to their origin, specificity, and function. J Exp Med 1995: 182: 633-638.
110. Mahanonda R, Seymour GJ, Powell LW, Good MF, Halliday JW. Limit dilution analysis of peripheral blood T lymphocytes specific to periodontopathic bacteria. Clin Exp Immunol 1989: 75: 245-251.
111. Mahanonda R, Seymour GJ, Powell LW, Good MF, Halliday JW. Effect of initial treatment of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease on the frequency of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes specific to periodontopathic bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1991: 6: 221-227.
112. Male DK, Pryce G, Hughes CC. Antigen presentation in brain: MHC induction on brain endothelium and astrocytes compared. Immunology 1987: 60: 453-459.
113. Malissen M, Gillet A, Rocha B, Trucy J, Vivier E, Boyer C, Kontgen F, Brun N, Mazza G, Spanopoulou E. T cell development in mice lacking the CD3-ζ/ξ gene. EMBO J 1993: 12: 4347-4355.
114. Mangan DF, Taichman NS, Lally ET, Wahl SM. Lethal effects of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin on human T lymphocytes. Infect Immun 1991: 59: 3267-3272.
115. Manhart SS, Reinhardt RA, Payne JB, Seymour GJ, Gemmell E, Dyer JK, Petro TM. Gingival cell IL-2 and IL-4 in early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 807-813.
116. Marodi L, Kaposzta R, Nemes E. Survival of group B streptococcus type III in mononuclear phagocytes: differential regulation of bacterial killing in cord macrophages by human recombinant γ interferon and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Infect Immun 2000: 68: 2167-2170.
117. Masuko K, Kato T, Ikeda Y, Okubo M, Mizushima Y, Nishioka K, Yamamoto K. Dynamic changes of accumulated T cell clonotypes during antigenic stimulation in vivo and in vitro. Int Immunol 1994: 6: 1959-1966.
118. Mathur A, Michalowicz B, Yang C, Aeppli D. Influence of periodontal bacteria and disease status on Vβ expression in T cells. J Periodontal Res 1995: 30: 369-373.
119. Mathur A, Michalowicz BS. Cell-mediated immune system regulation in periodontal diseases. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1997: 8: 76-89.
120. Matsumoto I, Tsubota K, Satake Y, Kita Y, Matsumura R, Murataa H, Namekawa T, Nishioka K, Iwamoto I, Saitoh Y, Sumida T. Common T cell receptor clonotype in lacrimal grands and labial salivary grands from patients with Sjögren syndrome. J Clin Invest 1996: 97: 1969-1977.
121. McFarlane CG, Reynolds JJ, Meikle MC. The release of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1990: 25: 207-214.
122. McGuirk P, Mills KHG. Pathogen-specific regulatory T cells provoke a shift in the Th1/Th2 paradigm in immunity to infectious diseases. Trends Immunol 2002: 23: 450-455.
123. + NK T cells associated with disease development in autoimmune-prone mice. J Immunol 1996: 156: 4035-4040.
124. Miller JFP, Heath WR. Self-ignorance in the peripheral T-cell pool. Immunol Rev 1993: 133: 131-150.
125. Miossec P, Chomarat P, Dechanet J, Moreau J-F, Roux J-P, Delmas P, Banchereau J. Interleukin 4 inhibits bone resorption through an effect on osteoclast and proinflammatory cytokines in an ex vivo model of bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994: 37: 1715-1722.
126. Moore WEC, Holdeman LV, Cato EP, Good IJ, Smith DJ, Ranney RR, Palcanis KG. Variation in periodontal floras. Infect Immun 1984: 46: 720-726.
127. Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today 1996: 17: 138-146.
128. Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 1986: 136: 2348-2357.
129. Mosmann TR, Li L, Sad S. Functions of CD8 T-cell subsets secreting different cytokine patterns. Semin Immunol 1997: 9: 87-92.
130. Nakajima T, Yamazaki K, Hara K. Biased T cell receptor V gene usage in tissue with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1996: 31: 2-10.
131. Nakajima T, Yamazaki K, Sakurai K, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ, Hara K. Detection of clonotypic changes of T cells after stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1998: 13: 238-245.
132. Nakajima T, Yamazaki K, Cullinan MP, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ. T-cell antigen specificity in humans following stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 1999: 44: 1045-1053.
133. Nalbant A, Zadeh HH. Evidence for apoptosis of the majority of T cells activated in vitro with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000: 15: 290-298.
134. Newburger PE, Ezekowitz RA, Whitney C, Wright J, Orkin SH. Induction of phagocyte cytochrome b heavy chain gene expression by interferon γ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988: 85: 5215-5219.
135. - T cells in non-MHC gene-controlled predisposition toward skewing into T helper type-2 immunity in BALB/c mice. J Immunol 1997: 158: 5698-5706.
136. Norimatsu M, Ono T, Aoki A, Ohishi K, Tamura Y. In vivo induction of apoptosis in murine lymphocytes by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Med Microbiol 1995: 43: 251-257.
137. Oda T, Yoshie H, Yamazaki K. Porphyromonas gingivalis antigen preferentially stimulates T cells to express IL-17 but not receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003: 18: 30-36.
138. 2 secretion as a determinant of periodontal disease expression. J Periodontol 1993: 64: 432-444.
139. Offner H, Buenafe AC, Vainiene M, Celnik B, Weinberg AD, Gold DP, Hashim G, Vandenbark AA. Where, when, and how to detect biased expression of disease-relevant Vβ genes in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 1993: 151: 506-517.
140. Ohmori Y, Hamilton TA. IL-4-induced STAT6 suppresses IFN-γ- stimulated STAT1-dependent transcription in mouse macrophages. J Immunol 1997: 159: 5474-5482.
141. Ohno H, Aoe T, Taki S, Kitamura D, Ishida Y, Rajewsky K, Saito T. Developmental and functional impairment of T cells in mice lacking CD3 ζ chains. EMBO J 1993: 12: 4357-4366.
142. Ohsawa Y, Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Hara K. T cell receptor Vβ6 expansion in periodontitis lesion. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000: 15: 211-217.
143. Ohyama H, Matsushita S, Kato N, Nishimura F, Oyaizu K, Kokeguchi S, Kurihara H, Takashiba S, Nishimura Y, Murayama Y. T cell responses to 53-kDa outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis in humans with early-onset periodontitis. Hum Immunol 1998: 59: 635-643.
144. Oppmann B, Lesley R, Blom B, Timans JC, Xu Y, Hunte B, Vega F, Yu N, Wang J, Singh K, Zonin F, Vaisberg E, Churakova T, Liu M, Gorman D, Wagner J, Zurawski S, Liu Y, Abrams JS, Moore KW, Rennick D, de Waal-Malefyt R, Hannum C, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA. Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12. Immunity 2000: 13: 715-725.
145. Orima K, Yamazaki K, Aoyagi T, Hara K. Differential expression of costimulatory molecules in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 1999: 115: 153-160.
146. Oshikiri K, Kawamura I, Hara K, Mitsuyama M. Specific immune response to the 40-kDa outer-membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis in mice. Arch Oral Biol 1994: 39: 7070-7713.
147. Ota K, Matsui M, Milford EL, Mackin GL, Weiner HL, Hafler DA. T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis. Nature 1990: 346: 183-187.
148. Page RC. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1991: 26: 230-242.
149. Page RC, Schroeder HE. Periodontitis in Man and Other Animals: a Comprehensive Review. Basel: S. Karger, 1982.
150. Pakken BJ, van der Zee R, Anderton SM, van Kooten PJS, Kuis W, van Eden W. Peptide-induced nasal tolerance for a mycobacterial heat shock protein 60 T-cell epitope in rats suppresses both adjuvant arthritis and nonmicrobially in-duced experimental arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997: 94: 3284-3249.
151. Patters MR, Chen P, McKenna J, Genco RJ. Lymphoproliferative responses to oral bacteria in humans with varying severities of periodontal disease. Infect Immun 1980: 28: 777-784.
152. Petit MDA, Stashenko P. Extracts of periodontopathic microorganisms lack functional superantigenic activity for murine T cells. J Periodontal Res 1996: 31: 517-524.
153. Petit MDA, Wassenaar A, van der Velden U, van Eden W, Loos BG. Depressed responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to heat-shock proteins in periodontitis patients. J Dent Res 1999: 78: 1393-1400.
154. - α/β T cells demonstrates preferential use of several Vβ genes and an invariant TCR α chain. J Exp Med 1993: 178: 1-16.
155. Preshaw PM, Geatch DR, Lauffart B, Jeffcoat MK, Taylor JJ, Heasman PA. Longitudinal changes in TCRB variable gene expression and markers of gingival inflammation in experimental gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 774-780.
156. Punnonen J, Aversa G, Cocks BJ, McKenzie ANJ, Menon S, Zurawski G, de Waal Malefyt R, de Vries JE. Interleukin 13 induces interleukin 4-independent IgG4 and IgE synthesis and CD23 expression by human B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993: 90: 3730-3734.
157. Qin S, Rottman JB, Myers P, Kassam N, Weinblatt M, Loetscher M, Koch AE, Mose B, Mackay CR. The chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 mark subsets of T cells associated with certain inflammtory reactions. J Clin Invest 1998: 101: 746-754.
158. Raber-Durlacher JE, Zeijlemaker WP, Meinesz AAP, Abraham-Injupin L. Stimulation of lymphocytes in vitro by Bacteroides intermedius and Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis sonicates. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 217-223.
159. Rathanaswami P, Hachicha M, Sadick M, Schall TJ, McColl SR. Expression of the cytokine RANTES in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Differential regulation of RANTES and interleukin-8 genes by inflammatory cytokines. J Biol Chem 1993: 268: 5834-5839.
160. + regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation. J Exp Med 2000: 192: 295-302.
161. Reinhardt RA, McDonald TL, Bolton RW, DuBois LM, Feely DE, Kaldahl WB. In situ activated T lymphocytes in active versus stable periodontal lesions. J Periodontal Res 1988: 23: 295-302.
162. Roberts FA, McCaffery KA, Michalek SM. Profile of cytokine mRNA expression in chronic adult periodontitis. J Dent Res 1997: 76: 1833-1839.
163. Rocha B, von Boehmer H. Peripheral selection of the T cell repertoire. Science 1991: 251: 1225-1228.
164. Rogers PR, Croft M. Peptide dose, affinity, and time of differentiation can contribute to the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. J Immunol 1999: 163: 1205-1213.
165. Romani L, Puccetti P, Mencacci A, Cenci E, Spaccapelo R, Tonnetti L, Grohmann U, Bistoni F. Neutralization of IL-10 up-regulates nitric oxide production and protects susceptible mice from challenge with Candida albicans. J Immunol 1994: 152: 3514-3521.
166. Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor α-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 1995: 155: 1151-1164.
167. Sallusto F, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A. Selective expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 by human T helper 2 cells. Science 1997: 277: 2005-2007.
168. Sallusto FL, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A. Flexible program of chemokine receptor expression on human polarized T helper 1 and 2 lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1998: 187: 875-883.
169. + immunoregulatory T cells that control autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 2000: 12: 431-440.
170. Sawa T, Nishimura F, Ohyama H, Takahashi K, Takashiba S, Murayama Y. In vitro induction of activation-induced cell death in lymphocytes from chronic periodontal lesions by exogeneous Fas ligand. Infect Immun 1999: 67: 1450-1454.
171. Schwartz RH. A cell culture model for T lymphocyte clonal anergy. Science 1990: 248: 1349-1356.
172. + T cells to enhance priming for interferon γ production and diminishes interleukin 4 inhibition of such priming. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993: 90: 10188-10192.
173. Seymour GJ, Gemmell E, Walsh LJ, Powell RN. Immunohistological analysis of experimental gingivitis in humans. Clin Exp Immunol 1988: 71: 132-137.
174. Seymour GJ, Gemmell E. Cytokines in periodontal disease: where to from here? Acta Odontol Scand 2001: 59: 167-173.
175. Simmons G, Clapham PR, Picard L, Offord RE, Rosenkilde MM, Schwartz TR. Potent inhibition of HIV-1 infectively in macrophages and lymphocytes by a novel CCR5 antagonist. Science 1997: 276-279.
176. Singh B, Read S, Asseman C, Malmstrom V, Mottet C, Stephens LA, Stepankova R, Tlaskalova H, Powrie F. Control of intestinal inflammation by regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 2001: 182: 190-200.
177. Siveke J, Hamann A. T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells respond differentially to chemokines. J Immunol 1998: 160: 550-554.
178. + T cells, analyzed at the single-cell level. J Exp Med 1996: 184: 473-483.
179. Sottini A, Imberti L, Gorla R, Cattaneo R, Primi D. Restricted expression of T cell receptor V β but not V α genes in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol 1991: 21: 461-466.
180. Spellberg B, Edwards JE, Jr. Type 1/Type 2 immunity in infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2001: 32: 76-102.
181. Steinsvoll S, Halstensen TS, Schenck K. Extensive expres-sion of TGF-β1 in chronically-inflamed periodontal tissue. J Clin Periodontol 1999: 26: 366-373.
182. Stoufi ED, Taubman MA, Ebersole JL, Smith DJ, Stashenko PP. Phenotypic analysis of mononuclear cells recovered from healthy and diseased human periodontal tissues. J Clin Immunol 1987: 7: 235-245.
183. Street NE, Mosmann TR. Functional diversity of T lymphocytes due to secretion of different cytokine patterns. FASEB J 1991: 5: 171-177.
184. Sumida T, Sakamoto A, Murata H, Makino Y, Takahashi H, Yoshida S, Nishioka K, Iwamoto I, Taniguchi M. Selective reduction of T cells bearing invariant Vα24JαQ antigen receptor in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Exp Med 1995: 182: 1163-1168.
185. Szekeres-Bartho J, Wegmann TG. A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance. J Reprod Immunol 1996: 31: 81-95.
186. Szulc B, Piasecki E. Effects of interferons, interferon inducers and growth factors on phagocytosis measured by quantitative determination of synthetic compound ingested by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 1988: 36: 537-545.
187. + T cells: a highly differentiated and apoptosis-prone population. Eur J Immunol 2001: 31: 1122-1131.
188. Tabeta K, Yamazaki K, Hotokezaka H, Yoshie H, Hara K. Elevated humoral immune response to heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) family in periodontitis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2000: 120: 285-293.
189. + naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic/suppressive state. Int Immunol 1998: 10: 1969-1980.
190. + regulatory T cells constitutively expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4. J Exp Med 2000: 192: 303-309.
191. Takayanagi H, Ogasawara K, Hida S, Chiba T, Murata S, Sato K, Takaoka A, Yokochi T, Oda H, Tanaka K, Nakamura K, Taniguchi T. T-cell-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis by signalling cross-talk between RANKL and IFN-γ. Nature 2000: 408: 600-605.
192. Takeda K, Dennert G. The development of autoimmunity in C57BL/6 lpr mice correlates with the disappearance of natural killer type-1 positive cells: evidence for their suppressive action on bone marrow stem cell proliferation, B cell immunoglobulin secretion, and autoimmune symptoms. J Exp Med 1993: 177: 155-164.
193. Takeuchi Y, Yoshie H, Hara K. Expression of interleukin-2 receptor and HLA-DR on lymphocyte subsets of gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1991: 26: 502-510.
194. Taubman MA, Eastcott AV, Shimauchi H, Takeichi O, Smith DJ. Modulatory role of T lymphocytes in periodontal inflammation. In: Genco RJ, Hamada S, Lehner T, McGhee J, Mergenhagen SE, eds. Molecular pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1994: 147-157.
195. Taubman MA, Kawai T. Involvement of T-lymphocytes in periodontal disease and in direct and indirect induction of bone resorption. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2001: 12: 125-135.
196. Teng Y-TA. Mixed periodontal Th1-Th2 cytokine profile in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-specific osteoprotegerin ligand (or RANK-L)-mediated alveolar bone destruction in vivo. Infect Immun 2002: 70: 5269-5273.
197. Teng Y-TA, Nguye H, Gao X, Kong Y-Y, Gorczynski RM, Singh B, Ellen RP, Penninger JM. Functional human T-cell immunity and osteoprotegerin ligand control alveolar bone destruction in periodontal infection. J Clin Invest 2000: 106: R59-R67.
198. Teran LM, Mochizuki M, Bartels J, Valencia EL, Nakajima T, Hirai K, Schroder JM. Th1- and Th2-type cytokines regulate the expression and production of eotaxin and RANTES by human lung fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1999: 20: 777-786.
199. Teunissen MB, Koomen CW, de Waal Malefyt R, Wierenga EA, Bos JD. Interleukin-17 and interferon-γ synergize in the enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine production by human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1998: 111: 645-649.
200. Tew J, Engel D, Mangan D. Polyclonal B-cell activation in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 1989: 24: 225-241.
201. + immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production. J Exp Med 1998: 188: 287-296.
202. Tonetti MS, Cortellini D, Lang NP. In situ detection of apoptosis at sites of chronic bacterially induced inflammation in human gingiva. Infect Immun 1998: 66: 5190-5195.
203. + type 2 T cell subsets in human leishmaniasis have distinct T cell receptor repertoires. J Immunol 1993: 151: 7095-7104.
204. + T cells: a new family of T cells. Immunol Today 1996: 17.
205. Wang M, Tan Z, Zhang R, Kotenko SV, Liang P. Interleukin 24 (MDA-7/MOB-5) signals through two heterodimeric receptors, IL-22R1/IL-20R2 and IL-20R1/IL-20R2. J Biol Client 2002: 277: 7341-7347.
206. Wang XH, Ohmen JD, Uyemura K, Rea TH, Kronenberg M, Modlin RL. Selection of T lymphocytes bearing limited T-cell receptor β chains in the response to a human pathogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993: 90: 188-192.
207. Wassenaar A, Reinhardus C, Thepen T, Abraham-Inpijn L, Kievits F. Cloning, characterization, and antigen specificity of T-lymphocyte subsets extracted from gingival tissue of chronic adult periodontitis patients. Infect Immun 1995: 63: 2147-2153.
208. Weitzmann MN, Cenci S, Rifas L, Brown C, Pacifici R. Interleukin-7 stimulates osteoclast formation by upregulating the T-cell production of soluble osteoclastogenic cytokines. Blood 2000: 96: 1873-1878.
209. Wilson SB, Kent SC, Patton KT, Orban T, Jackson RA, Exley M, Percelli S, Schatz DA, Atkinson MA, Balk SP, Strominger JL, Hafler DA. Extreme Th1 bias of invariant Vα24JαQ T cells in type 1 diabetes. Nature 1998: 391: 177-181.
210. Winoto A. Cell death in the regulation of immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol 1997: 9: 365-370.
211. Wong BR, Rho J, Arron J, Robinson E, Orlinick J, Chao M, Kalachikov S, Cayani E, Bartlett FS, Frankel WN, Lee SY, Choi Y. TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in T cells. J Biol Chem 1997: 272: 25190-25194.
212. Wucherpfennig KW, Newcombe J, Li H, Keddy C, Cuzner ML, Hafler DA. T cell receptor Vα-Vβ repertoire and cytokine gene expression in active multiple sclerosis lesions. J Exp Med 1992: 175: 993-1002.
213. Xie M-H, Aggarwal S, Ho W-H, Foster J, Zhang Z, Stinson J, Wood WI, Goddard AD, Gurney AL. Interleukin (IL)-22, a novel human cytokine that signals through the interferon receptor-related proteins CRF2-4 and IL-22R. J Biol Chem 2000: 275: 31335-31339.
214. Yamamoto K, Sakoda H, Nakajima T, Kato T, Okubo M, Dohi M, Mizushima Y, Ito K, Nishioka K. Accumulation of multiple T cell clonotypes in the synovial lesions of patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed by a novel clonality analysis. Int Immunol 1992: 4: 1219-1223.
215. Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Aoyagi T, Hara K. Immunohistological analysis of memory T lymphocytes and activated B lymphocytes in tissues with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1993: 28: 324-334.
216. Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Gemmell E, Polak B, Seymour GJ, Hara K. 1L-4 and IL-6 producing cells in human periodontal disease tissue. J Oral Pathol Med 1994: 23: 347-353.
217. Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Hara K. Immunohistological analysis of T cell functional subsets in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Clin Exp Immunol 1995: 99: 384-391.
218. Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Gemmell E, Kjeldsen M, Seymour GJ, Hara K. Biased expression of T cell receptor Vβ genes in periodontitis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1996: 106: 329-335.
219. Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Kubota Y, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ, Hara K. Cytokine messenger RNA expression in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1997: 12: 281-287.
220. Yamazaki K, Nakajima T, Ohsawa Y, Tabeta K, Yoshie H, Sakurai K, Seymour GJ. Selective expansion of T cells in gingival lesions of patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2000: 120: 154-161.
221. Yamazaki K, Ohsawa Y, Yoshie H. Elevated proportion of natural killer T cells in periodontitis lesions: a common feature of chronic inflammatory diseases. Am J Pathol 2001: 158: 1391-1398.
222. Yamazaki K, Ohsawa Y, Tabeta K, Itoh H, Ueki K, Oda T, Yoshie H, Seymour GJ. Accumulation of human heat shock protein 60-reactive T cells in the gingival tissues of periodontitis patients. Infect Immun 2002: 70: 2492-2501.
223. Yamazaki K, Yoshie H, Seymour GJ. T cell regulation of the immune response to infection in periodontal diseases. Histol Histopathol 2003: 18: 889-896.
224. Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Mochizuki S, Tomoyasu A, Yano K, Goto M, Murakami A, Tsuda E, Morinaga T, Higashio K, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Suda T. Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998: 95: 3597-3602.
225. + T cells in a TH2 response and in immunoglobulin E production. Science 1995: 270: 1845-1847.
226. Zadeh HH, Kreutzer DL. Evidence for involvement of superantigen in human periodontal diseases: skewed expression of T cell receptor variable regions by gingival T cells. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996: 11: 88-95.
227. Zadeh HH, Tanavoli S, Haines DD, Kreutzer DL. Despite large-scale T cell activation, only a minor subset of T cells responding in vitro to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans differentiate into effector T cells. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2000: 35: 127-136.
228. Zadeh HH, Nalbant A, Park K. Large-scale early in vitro response to Actinobacillus actinomycetecomitans suggests superantigenic activation of T-cells. J Dent Res 2001: 80: 356-362.
229. Ziegler S, Ramsdell F, Alderson M. The activation antigen CD69. Stem Cells 1994: 12: 456-465.