메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 215-220

An update on the role of translesion synthesis DNA polymerases in Ig hypermutation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOSINE DEAMINASE; DNA POLYMERASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR; AICDA (ACTIVATION INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE); AICDA (ACTIVATION-INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE); CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; DNA; DNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE;

EID: 20044379457     PISSN: 14714906     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2005.02.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0014943022 scopus 로고
    • Variability in the λ light chain sequences of mouse antibody
    • Weigert, M.G. et al. (1970) Variability in the λ light chain sequences of mouse antibody. Nature 228, 1045-1104
    • (1970) Nature , vol.228 , pp. 1045-1104
    • Weigert, M.G.1
  • 2
    • 0021711720 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation and the maturation of immune response to 2-phenyl oxazolone
    • Griffiths, G.M. et al. (1984) Somatic mutation and the maturation of immune response to 2-phenyl oxazolone. Nature 312, 271-275
    • (1984) Nature , vol.312 , pp. 271-275
    • Griffiths, G.M.1
  • 3
    • 0034268780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme
    • Muramatsu, M. et al. (2000) Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme. Cell 102, 553-563
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 553-563
    • Muramatsu, M.1
  • 4
    • 0037019315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification
    • Petersen-Mahrt, S.K. et al. (2002) AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification. Nature 418, 99-103
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 99-103
    • Petersen-Mahrt, S.K.1
  • 5
    • 0037026482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase
    • Di Noia, J. and Neuberger, M.S. (2002) Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase. Nature 419, 43-48
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 43-48
    • Di Noia, J.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 6
    • 0037108463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice
    • Rada, C. et al. (2002) Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice. Curr. Biol. 12, 1748-1755
    • (2002) Curr. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1748-1755
    • Rada, C.1
  • 7
    • 0037452080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription-targeted DNA deamination by the AID antibody diversification enzyme
    • Chaudhuri, J. et al. (2003) Transcription-targeted DNA deamination by the AID antibody diversification enzyme. Nature 422, 726-730
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 726-730
    • Chaudhuri, J.1
  • 8
    • 0038293484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription enhances AID-mediated cytidine deamination by exposing single-stranded DNA on the nontemplate strand
    • Ramiro, A.R. et al. (2003) Transcription enhances AID-mediated cytidine deamination by exposing single-stranded DNA on the nontemplate strand. Nat. Immunol. 4, 452-456
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 452-456
    • Ramiro, A.R.1
  • 9
    • 0037418279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De novo protein synthesis is required for the activation-induced cytidine deaminase function in class-switch recombination
    • Doi, T. et al. (2003) De novo protein synthesis is required for the activation-induced cytidine deaminase function in class-switch recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 2634-2638
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.100 , pp. 2634-2638
    • Doi, T.1
  • 10
    • 4344560868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uracil DNA glycosylase activity is dispensable for immunoglobulin class switch
    • Begum, N.A. et al. (2004) Uracil DNA glycosylase activity is dispensable for immunoglobulin class switch. Science 305, 1160-1163
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 1160-1163
    • Begum, N.A.1
  • 11
    • 0037076208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID-GFP chimeric protein increases hypermutation of Ig genes with no evidence of nuclear localization
    • Rada, C. et al. (2002) AID-GFP chimeric protein increases hypermutation of Ig genes with no evidence of nuclear localization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 7003-7008
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.99 , pp. 7003-7008
    • Rada, C.1
  • 12
    • 1242341972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm like apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide 1
    • Ito, S. et al. (2004) Activation-induced cytidine deaminase shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm like apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 1975-1980
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.101 , pp. 1975-1980
    • Ito, S.1
  • 13
    • 2942722486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) is actively exported out of the nucleus but retained by the induction of DNA breaks
    • Brar, S.S. et al. (2004) Activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) is actively exported out of the nucleus but retained by the induction of DNA breaks. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 26395-26401
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 26395-26401
    • Brar, S.S.1
  • 14
    • 2442474264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation is limited by CRM1-dependent nuclear export of activation-induced deaminase
    • McBride, K.M. et al. (2004) Somatic hypermutation is limited by CRM1-dependent nuclear export of activation-induced deaminase. J. Exp. Med. 199, 1235-1244
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 1235-1244
    • McBride, K.M.1
  • 15
    • 0037074975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase turns on somatic hypermutation in hybridomas
    • Martin, A. et al. (2002) Activation-induced cytidine deaminase turns on somatic hypermutation in hybridomas. Nature 415, 802-806
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 802-806
    • Martin, A.1
  • 16
    • 0037076967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID enzyme-induced hypermutation in an actively transcribed gene in fibroblasts
    • Yoshikawa, K. et al. (2002) AID enzyme-induced hypermutation in an actively transcribed gene in fibroblasts. Science 296, 2033-2036
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 2033-2036
    • Yoshikawa, K.1
  • 17
    • 0042427488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutagenesis by AID, a molecule critical to immunoglobulin hypermutation, is not caused by an alteration of the precursor nucleotide pool
    • Diaz, M. et al. (2003) Mutagenesis by AID, a molecule critical to immunoglobulin hypermutation, is not caused by an alteration of the precursor nucleotide pool. Mol. Immunol. 40, 261-268
    • (2003) Mol. Immunol. , vol.40 , pp. 261-268
    • Diaz, M.1
  • 18
    • 4344700569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication protein A interacts with AID to promote deamination of somatic hypermutation targets
    • Chaudhuri, J. et al. (2004) Replication protein A interacts with AID to promote deamination of somatic hypermutation targets. Nature 430, 992-998
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 992-998
    • Chaudhuri, J.1
  • 19
    • 0041381361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID mutant analyses indicate requirement for class-switch-specific cofactors
    • Ta, V.T. et al. (2003) AID mutant analyses indicate requirement for class-switch-specific cofactors. Nat. Immunol. 4, 843-848
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 843-848
    • Ta, V.T.1
  • 20
    • 0141992113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-terminal deletion of AID uncouples class switch recombination from somatic hypermutation and gene conversion
    • Barreto, V. et al. (2003) C-terminal deletion of AID uncouples class switch recombination from somatic hypermutation and gene conversion. Mol. Cell 12, 501-508
    • (2003) Mol. Cell , vol.12 , pp. 501-508
    • Barreto, V.1
  • 21
    • 0031894290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity
    • Diaz, M. and Flajnik, M.F. (1998) Evolution of somatic hypermutation and gene conversion in adaptive immunity. Immunol. Rev. 162, 13-24
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.162 , pp. 13-24
    • Diaz, M.1    Flajnik, M.F.2
  • 22
    • 0035399804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased frequency of somatic hypermutation and impaired affinity maturation but intact germinal center formation in mice expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase ζ
    • Diaz, M. et al. (2001) Decreased frequency of somatic hypermutation and impaired affinity maturation but intact germinal center formation in mice expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase ζ. J. Immunol. 167, 327-335
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 327-335
    • Diaz, M.1
  • 23
    • 0035005241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The translesion DNA polymerase ζ plays a major role in Ig and bcl-6 somatic hypermutation
    • Zan, H. et al. (2001) The translesion DNA polymerase ζ plays a major role in Ig and bcl-6 somatic hypermutation. Immunity 14, 643-653
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 643-653
    • Zan, H.1
  • 24
    • 1642499721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase eta is involved in hypermutation occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination
    • Faili, A. et al. (2004) DNA polymerase eta is involved in hypermutation occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. J. Exp. Med. 199, 265-270
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 265-270
    • Faili, A.1
  • 25
    • 1842732235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of DNA polymerase eta reveals targeting of C mutations on the nontranscribed strand in immunoglobulin switch regions
    • Zeng, X. et al. (2004) Absence of DNA polymerase eta reveals targeting of C mutations on the nontranscribed strand in immunoglobulin switch regions. J. Exp. Med. 199, 917-924
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 917-924
    • Zeng, X.1
  • 26
    • 0035377269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes
    • Zeng, X. et al. (2001) DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. Nat. Immunol. 2, 537-541
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 537-541
    • Zeng, X.1
  • 27
    • 0035379581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation hotspots correlate with DNA polymerase eta error spectrum
    • Rogozin, I.B. et al. (2001) Somatic mutation hotspots correlate with DNA polymerase eta error spectrum. Nat. Immunol. 2, 530-536
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 530-536
    • Rogozin, I.B.1
  • 28
    • 0037206851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase ι
    • Faili, A. et al. (2002) Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase ι. Nature 419, 944-947
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 944-947
    • Faili, A.1
  • 29
    • 0032127804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot spot focusing of somatic hypermutation in MSH2-deficient mice suggests two stages of mutational targeting
    • Rada, C. et al. (1998) Hot spot focusing of somatic hypermutation in MSH2-deficient mice suggests two stages of mutational targeting. Immunity 9, 135-141
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 135-141
    • Rada, C.1
  • 30
    • 0032101611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hypermutation at G and C nucleotides in immunoglobulin variable genes from mice deficient in the MSH2 mismatch repair protein
    • Phung, Q.H. et al. (1998) Increased hypermutation at G and C nucleotides in immunoglobulin variable genes from mice deficient in the MSH2 mismatch repair protein. J. Exp. Med. 187, 1745-1751
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 1745-1751
    • Phung, Q.H.1
  • 31
    • 3142674907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of Msh6- and Msh3-deficient mice in class switching reveals overlapping and distinct roles of MutS homologues in antibody diversification
    • Li, Z. et al. (2004) Examination of Msh6- and Msh3-deficient mice in class switching reveals overlapping and distinct roles of MutS homologues in antibody diversification. J. Exp. Med. 200, 47-59
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.200 , pp. 47-59
    • Li, Z.1
  • 32
    • 3142663166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for Msh6 but not Msh3 in somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination
    • Martomo, S.A. et al. (2004) A role for Msh6 but not Msh3 in somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. J. Exp. Med. 200, 61-68
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.200 , pp. 61-68
    • Martomo, S.A.1
  • 33
    • 0034614916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation in MutS homologue (MSH)3-, MSH6-, and MSH3/MSH6-deficient mice reveals a role for the MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer in modulating the base substitution pattern
    • Wiesendanger, M. et al. (2000) Somatic hypermutation in MutS homologue (MSH)3-, MSH6-, and MSH3/MSH6-deficient mice reveals a role for the MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer in modulating the base substitution pattern. J. Exp. Med. 191, 579-584
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 579-584
    • Wiesendanger, M.1
  • 34
    • 1142299546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered somatic hypermutation and reduced class-switch recombination in exonuclease 1-mutant mice
    • Bardwell, P.D. et al. (2004) Altered somatic hypermutation and reduced class-switch recombination in exonuclease 1-mutant mice. Nat. Immunol. 5, 224-229
    • (2004) Nat. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 224-229
    • Bardwell, P.D.1
  • 35
    • 0032911308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational pattern of the nurse shark antigen receptor gene (NAR) is similar to that of mammalian Ig genes and to spontaneous mutations in evolution: The translesion synthesis model of somatic hypermutation
    • Diaz, M. et al. (1999) Mutational pattern of the nurse shark antigen receptor gene (NAR) is similar to that of mammalian Ig genes and to spontaneous mutations in evolution: the translesion synthesis model of somatic hypermutation. Int. Immunol. 11, 825-833
    • (1999) Int. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 825-833
    • Diaz, M.1
  • 36
    • 0042422042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 129-Derived strains of mice are deficient in DNA polymerase ι and have normal immunoglobulin hypermutation
    • McDonald, J.P. et al. (2003) 129-derived strains of mice are deficient in DNA polymerase ι and have normal immunoglobulin hypermutation. J. Exp. med. 198, 635-643.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.198 , pp. 635-643
    • McDonald, J.P.1
  • 37
    • 0033974775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice reconstituted with DNA polymerase β-deficient fetal liver cells are able to mount a T cell-dependent immune response and mutate their Ig genes normally
    • Esposito, G. et al. (2000) Mice reconstituted with DNA polymerase β-deficient fetal liver cells are able to mount a T cell-dependent immune response and mutate their Ig genes normally. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97, 1166-1171
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.97 , pp. 1166-1171
    • Esposito, G.1
  • 38
    • 0037090311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: DNA polymerases μ and λ are dispensable for Ig gene hypermutation
    • Bertocci, B. et al. (2002) Cutting edge: DNA polymerases μ and λ are dispensable for Ig gene hypermutation. J. Immunol. 168, 3702-3706
    • (2002) J. Immunol. , vol.168 , pp. 3702-3706
    • Bertocci, B.1
  • 39
  • 40
    • 0037403827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absence of DNA polymerase κ does not affect somatic hypermutation of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene
    • Shimizu, T. et al. (2003) The absence of DNA polymerase κ does not affect somatic hypermutation of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Immunol. Lett. 86, 265-270
    • (2003) Immunol. Lett. , vol.86 , pp. 265-270
    • Shimizu, T.1
  • 41
    • 0036859318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase κ deficiency does not affect somatic hypermutation in mice
    • Schenten, D. et al. (2002) DNA polymerase κ deficiency does not affect somatic hypermutation in mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3152-3160
    • (2002) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.32 , pp. 3152-3160
    • Schenten, D.1
  • 42
    • 0035941229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic DNA polymerases: Proposal for a revised nomenclature
    • Burgers, P.M. et al. (2001) Eukaryotic DNA polymerases: proposal for a revised nomenclature. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 43487-43490
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 43487-43490
    • Burgers, P.M.1
  • 43
    • 0034677798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of DNA lesion bypass by the yeast DNA polymerase eta
    • Yuan, F. et al. (2000) Specificity of DNA lesion bypass by the yeast DNA polymerase eta. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 8233-8239
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 8233-8239
    • Yuan, F.1
  • 44
    • 0034738983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic polymerases ι and ζ act sequentially to bypass DNA lesions
    • Johnson, R.E. et al. (2000) Eukaryotic polymerases ι and ζ act sequentially to bypass DNA lesions. Nature 406, 1015-1019
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 1015-1019
    • Johnson, R.E.1
  • 45
    • 10044266718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular functions of DNA polymerase ζ and Rev1 protein
    • Lawrence, C.W. (2004) Cellular functions of DNA polymerase ζ and Rev1 protein. Adv. Protein Chem. 69, 167-203
    • (2004) Adv. Protein Chem. , vol.69 , pp. 167-203
    • Lawrence, C.W.1
  • 46
    • 15544386652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative role in vivo of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Polη, Polζ, Rev1p, and Pol32 in the bypass and mutation induction of an abasic site, T-T (6-4) photoadduct, and T-T cis-syn cyclobutane dimer
    • DOI: 10.1534/genetics. 104.034611
    • Gibbs, P.E.M. et al. (2004) The relative role in vivo of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Polη, Polζ, Rev1p, and Pol32 in the bypass and mutation induction of an abasic site, T-T (6-4) photoadduct, and T-T cis-syn cyclobutane dimer. Genetics. DOI: 10.1534/genetics. 104.034611 (www. genetics.org/)
    • (2004) Genetics
    • Gibbs, P.E.M.1
  • 47
    • 3042812439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of hRev1 with three human Y-family DNA polymerases
    • Ohashi, E. et al. (2004) Interaction of hRev1 with three human Y-family DNA polymerases. Genes Cells 9, 523-531
    • (2004) Genes Cells , vol.9 , pp. 523-531
    • Ohashi, E.1
  • 48
    • 0345732688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse Rev1 protein interacts with multiple DNA polymerases involved in translesion DNA synthesis
    • Guo, C. et al. (2003) Mouse Rev1 protein interacts with multiple DNA polymerases involved in translesion DNA synthesis. EMBO J. 22, 6621-6630
    • (2003) EMBO J. , vol.22 , pp. 6621-6630
    • Guo, C.1
  • 49
    • 0035860310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Error rate and specificity of human and murine DNA polymerase eta
    • Matsuda, T. et al. (2001) Error rate and specificity of human and murine DNA polymerase eta. J. Mol. Biol. 312, 335-346
    • (2001) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.312 , pp. 335-346
    • Matsuda, T.1
  • 50
    • 0035355203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered nucleotide misinsertion fidelity associated with poliota-dependent replication at the end of a DNA template
    • Frank, E.G. et al. (2001) Altered nucleotide misinsertion fidelity associated with poliota-dependent replication at the end of a DNA template. EMBO J. 20, 2914-2922
    • (2001) EMBO J. , vol.20 , pp. 2914-2922
    • Frank, E.G.1
  • 51
    • 0141542616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased frequency and highly aberrant spectrum of ultraviolet-induced mutations in the hprt gene of mouse fibroblasts expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase ζ
    • Diaz, M. et al. (2003) Decreased frequency and highly aberrant spectrum of ultraviolet-induced mutations in the hprt gene of mouse fibroblasts expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase ζ. Mol. Cancer Res. 1, 836-847
    • (2003) Mol. Cancer Res. , vol.1 , pp. 836-847
    • Diaz, M.1
  • 52
  • 53
    • 0032499748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae REV3 gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ζ
    • Gibbs, P.E. et al. (1998) A human homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae REV3 gene, which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ζ. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 6876-6880
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.95 , pp. 6876-6880
    • Gibbs, P.E.1
  • 54
    • 2342652151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human DNA polymerase-eta, an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase
    • Franklin, A. et al. (2004) Human DNA polymerase-eta, an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of rearranged immunoglobulin genes, is a reverse transcriptase. Immunol. Cell Biol. 82, 219-225
    • (2004) Immunol. Cell Biol. , vol.82 , pp. 219-225
    • Franklin, A.1
  • 55
    • 0038681901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection
    • Harris, R.S. et al. (2003) DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection. Cell 113, 803-809
    • (2003) Cell , vol.113 , pp. 803-809
    • Harris, R.S.1
  • 56
    • 0032544037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of a strong mutator phenotype in yeast by imbalanced base excision repair
    • Glassner, B.J. et al. (1998) Generation of a strong mutator phenotype in yeast by imbalanced base excision repair. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 9997-10002
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.95 , pp. 9997-10002
    • Glassner, B.J.1
  • 57
    • 0037388452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rev1 is essential for DNA damage tolerance and non-templated immunoglobulin gene mutation in a vertebrate cell line
    • Simpson, L.J. and Sale, J.E. (2003) Rev1 is essential for DNA damage tolerance and non-templated immunoglobulin gene mutation in a vertebrate cell line. EMBO J. 22, 1654-1664
    • (2003) EMBO J. , vol.22 , pp. 1654-1664
    • Simpson, L.J.1    Sale, J.E.2
  • 58
    • 6344256944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch recognition and uracil excision provide complementary paths to both Ig switching and the A/T-focused phase of somatic mutation
    • Rada, C. et al. (2004) Mismatch recognition and uracil excision provide complementary paths to both Ig switching and the A/T-focused phase of somatic mutation. Mol. Cell 16, 163-171
    • (2004) Mol. Cell , vol.16 , pp. 163-171
    • Rada, C.1
  • 59
    • 13144250122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered spectra of hypermutation in antibodies from mice deficient for the DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2
    • Winter, D.E. et al. (1998) Altered spectra of hypermutation in antibodies from mice deficient for the DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2. Proc. Natl. Acad. cid. U. S. A. 95, 6953-6958
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Cid. U. S. A. , vol.95 , pp. 6953-6958
    • Winter, D.E.1
  • 60
    • 0033558532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutation in Ig V genes from mice deficient in the MLH1 mismatch repair protein
    • Phung, Q.H. et al. (1999) Hypermutation in Ig V genes from mice deficient in the MLH1 mismatch repair protein. J. Immunol. 162, 3121-3124
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 3121-3124
    • Phung, Q.H.1
  • 61
    • 0037068455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO
    • Hoege, C. et al. (2002) RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO. Nature 419, 135-141
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 135-141
    • Hoege, C.1
  • 62
    • 0033200360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A plethora of lesion-replicating enzymes
    • Woodgate, R. (1999) A plethora of lesion-replicating enzymes. Genes Dev. 13, 2191-2195
    • (1999) Genes Dev. , vol.13 , pp. 2191-2195
    • Woodgate, R.1
  • 63
    • 0033387531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation enhancement by DINB1, a mammalian homologue of the Escherichia coli mutagenesis protein DinB
    • Ogi, T. et al. (1999) Mutation enhancement by DINB1, a mammalian homologue of the Escherichia coli mutagenesis protein DinB. Genes Cells 4, 607-618
    • (1999) Genes Cells , vol.4 , pp. 607-618
    • Ogi, T.1
  • 64
    • 0035753523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging links between hypermutation of antibody genes and DNA polymerases
    • Gearhart, P.J. and Wood, R.D. (2001) Emerging links between hypermutation of antibody genes and DNA polymerases. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 1, 187-192
    • (2001) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 187-192
    • Gearhart, P.J.1    Wood, R.D.2
  • 65
    • 0036674618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID and mismatch repair in antibody diversification
    • Martin, A. and Scharff, M.D. (2002) AID and mismatch repair in antibody diversification. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2, 605-614
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 605-614
    • Martin, A.1    Scharff, M.D.2
  • 66
    • 0037029606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activation-induced deaminase functions in a postcleavage step of the somatic hypermutation process
    • Papavasiliou, F.N. and Schatz, D.G. (2002) The activation-induced deaminase functions in a postcleavage step of the somatic hypermutation process. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1193-1198
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.195 , pp. 1193-1198
    • Papavasiliou, F.N.1    Schatz, D.G.2
  • 67
    • 0038163573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation: Double-strand DNA breaks, AID and error-prone DNA repair
    • Wu, X. et al. (2003) Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation: double-strand DNA breaks, AID and error-prone DNA repair. J. Clin. Immunol. 23, 235-246
    • (2003) J. Clin. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 235-246
    • Wu, X.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.