메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 200, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 47-59

Examination of Msh6- and Msh3-deficient mice in class switching reveals overlapping and distinct roles of MutS homologues in antibody diversification

Author keywords

Isotype switching; Mismatch repair; Somatic hypermutation; Switch region mutation; Switching junction

Indexed keywords

DNA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE;

EID: 3142674907     PISSN: 00221007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040355     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (89)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0036674618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID and mismatch repair in antibody diversification
    • Martin, A., and M.D. Scharff. 2002. AID and mismatch repair in antibody diversification. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2:605-614.
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 605-614
    • Martin, A.1    Scharff, M.D.2
  • 2
    • 0032858194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular processes that regulate class switching
    • Stavnezer, J. 2000. Molecular processes that regulate class switching. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 245:127-168.
    • (2000) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.245 , pp. 127-168
    • Stavnezer, J.1
  • 3
    • 0033603340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B cells
    • Muramatsu, M., V.S. Sankaranand, S. Anant, M. Sugai, K. Kinoshita, N.O. Davidson, and T. Honjo. 1999. Specific expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a novel member of the RNA-editing deaminase family in germinal center B cells. J. Biol. Chem. 274:18470-18476.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 18470-18476
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Sankaranand, V.S.2    Anant, S.3    Sugai, M.4    Kinoshita, K.5    Davidson, N.O.6    Honjo, T.7
  • 4
    • 0034268780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme
    • Muramatsu, M., K. Kinoshita, S. Fagarasan, S. Yamada, Y. Shinkai, and T. Honjo. 2000. Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme. Cell. 102:553-563.
    • (2000) Cell , vol.102 , pp. 553-563
    • Muramatsu, M.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Fagarasan, S.3    Yamada, S.4    Shinkai, Y.5    Honjo, T.6
  • 6
    • 0037388165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase
    • Bransteitter, R., P. Pham, M.D. Scharff, and M.F. Goodman. 2003. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100:4102-4107.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 4102-4107
    • Bransteitter, R.1    Pham, P.2    Scharff, M.D.3    Goodman, M.F.4
  • 7
    • 0037452080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription-targeted DNA deamination by the AID antibody diversification enzyme
    • Chaudhuri, J., M. Tian, C. Khuong, K. Chua, E. Pinaud, and F.W. Alt. 2003. Transcription-targeted DNA deamination by the AID antibody diversification enzyme. Nature. 422:726-730.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 726-730
    • Chaudhuri, J.1    Tian, M.2    Khuong, C.3    Chua, K.4    Pinaud, E.5    Alt, F.W.6
  • 8
    • 0037561998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID mediates hypermutation by deaminating single stranded DNA
    • Dickerson, S.K., E. Market, E. Besmer, and F.N. Papavasiliou. 2003. AID mediates hypermutation by deaminating single stranded DNA. J. Exp. Med. 197:1291-1296.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.197 , pp. 1291-1296
    • Dickerson, S.K.1    Market, E.2    Besmer, E.3    Papavasiliou, F.N.4
  • 9
    • 0037901850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human activation-induced cytidine deaminase causes transcription- dependent, strand-biased C to U deaminations
    • Sohail, A., J. Klapacz, M. Samaranayake, A. Ullah, and A.S. Bhagwat. 2003. Human activation-induced cytidine deaminase causes transcription- dependent, strand-biased C to U deaminations. Nucleic Acids Res. 31:2990-2994.
    • (2003) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.31 , pp. 2990-2994
    • Sohail, A.1    Klapacz, J.2    Samaranayake, M.3    Ullah, A.4    Bhagwat, A.S.5
  • 10
    • 0037926476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processive AID-catalysed cytosine deamination on single-stranded DNA simulates somatic hypermutation
    • Pham, P., R. Bransteitter, J. Petruska, and M.F. Goodman. 2003. Processive AID-catalysed cytosine deamination on single-stranded DNA simulates somatic hypermutation. Nature. 424:103-107.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 103-107
    • Pham, P.1    Bransteitter, R.2    Petruska, J.3    Goodman, M.F.4
  • 11
    • 0038293484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription enhances AID-mediated cytidine deamination by exposing single-stranded DNA on the nontemplate strand
    • Ramiro, A.R., P. Stavropoulos, M. Jankovic, and M.C. Nussenzweig. 2003. Transcription enhances AID-mediated cytidine deamination by exposing single-stranded DNA on the nontemplate strand. Nat. Immunol. 4:452-456.
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 452-456
    • Ramiro, A.R.1    Stavropoulos, P.2    Jankovic, M.3    Nussenzweig, M.C.4
  • 12
    • 0026443954 scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis
    • Rogozin, I.B., and N.A. Kolchanov. 1992. Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Influence of neighbouring base sequences on mutagenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1171:11-18.
    • (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1171 , pp. 11-18
    • Rogozin, I.B.1    Kolchanov, N.A.2
  • 13
    • 0037026482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase
    • Di Noia, J., and M.S. Neuberger. 2002. Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase. Nature. 419:43-48.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 43-48
    • Di Noia, J.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 14
    • 0037019315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification
    • Petersen-Mahrt, S.K., R.S. Harris, and M.S. Neuberger. 2002. AID mutates E. coli suggesting a DNA deamination mechanism for antibody diversification. Nature. 418:99-103.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 99-103
    • Petersen-Mahrt, S.K.1    Harris, R.S.2    Neuberger, M.S.3
  • 15
    • 0037108463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypennutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice
    • Rada, C., G.T. Williams, H. Nilsen, D.E. Barnes, T. Lindahl, and M.S. Neuberger. 2002. Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypennutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice. Curr. Biol. 12:1748-1755.
    • (2002) Curr. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 1748-1755
    • Rada, C.1    Williams, G.T.2    Nilsen, H.3    Barnes, D.E.4    Lindahl, T.5    Neuberger, M.S.6
  • 16
    • 0035377269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes
    • Zeng, X., D.B. Winter, C. Kasmer, K.H. Kraemer, A.R. Lehmann, and P.J. Gearhart. 2001. DNA polymerase eta is an A-T mutator in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes. Nat. Immunol. 2:537-541.
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 537-541
    • Zeng, X.1    Winter, D.B.2    Kasmer, C.3    Kraemer, K.H.4    Lehmann, A.R.5    Gearhart, P.J.6
  • 17
    • 1642499721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase {eta} is involved in hypermutation occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination
    • Faili, A., S. Aoufouchi, S. Weller, F. Vuillier, A. Stary, A. Sarasin, C.A. Reynaud, and J.C. Weill. 2004. DNA polymerase {eta} is involved in hypermutation occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. J. Exp. Med. 199:265-270.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 265-270
    • Faili, A.1    Aoufouchi, S.2    Weller, S.3    Vuillier, F.4    Stary, A.5    Sarasin, A.6    Reynaud, C.A.7    Weill, J.C.8
  • 18
    • 0024511717 scopus 로고
    • Mutations, duplication, and deletion of recombined switch regions suggest a role for DNA replication in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch
    • Dunnick, W., M. Wilson, and J. Stavnezer. 1989. Mutations, duplication, and deletion of recombined switch regions suggest a role for DNA replication in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1850-1856.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 1850-1856
    • Dunnick, W.1    Wilson, M.2    Stavnezer, J.3
  • 19
    • 0347758541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The generation of antibody diversity through somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination
    • Li, Z., C.J. Woo, M.D. Iglesias-Ussel, D. Ronai, and M.D. Scharff. 2004. The generation of antibody diversity through somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. Genes Dev. 18:1-11.
    • (2004) Genes Dev. , vol.18 , pp. 1-11
    • Li, Z.1    Woo, C.J.2    Iglesias-Ussel, M.D.3    Ronai, D.4    Scharff, M.D.5
  • 20
    • 0142250270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Msh2 ATPase activity is essential for somatic hypermutation at A-T basepairs and for efficient class switch recombination
    • Martin, A., Z. Li, D. Lin, P.D. Bardwell, M.D. Iglesias-Ussel, W. Edelmann, and M.D. Scharff. 2003. Msh2 ATPase activity is essential for somatic hypermutation at A-T basepairs and for efficient class switch recombination. J. Exp. Med. 198:1171-1178.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.198 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Martin, A.1    Li, Z.2    Lin, D.3    Bardwell, P.D.4    Iglesias-Ussel, M.D.5    Edelmann, W.6    Scharff, M.D.7
  • 21
    • 0034614916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation in MSH3, MSH6, and MSH3/MSH6-deficient mice reveals a role for the MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer in modulating the base substitution pattern
    • Wiesendanger, M., B. Kneitz, W. Edelmann, and M.D. Scharff. 2000. Somatic mutation in MSH3, MSH6, and MSH3/MSH6-deficient mice reveals a role for the MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer in modulating the base substitution pattern. J. Exp. Med. 191:579-584.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 579-584
    • Wiesendanger, M.1    Kneitz, B.2    Edelmann, W.3    Scharff, M.D.4
  • 22
    • 0029784320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and genetics of eukaryotic mismatch repair
    • Kolodner, R. 1996. Biochemistry and genetics of eukaryotic mismatch repair. Genes Dev. 10:1433-1442.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 1433-1442
    • Kolodner, R.1
  • 24
    • 0033517129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced isotype switching in splenic B cells from mice deficient in mismatch repair enzymes
    • Schrader, C.E., W. Edelmann, R. Kucherlapati, and J. Stavnezer. 1999. Reduced isotype switching in splenic B cells from mice deficient in mismatch repair enzymes. J. Exp. Med. 190:323-330.
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.190 , pp. 323-330
    • Schrader, C.E.1    Edelmann, W.2    Kucherlapati, R.3    Stavnezer, J.4
  • 25
    • 0033564878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency in msh2 affects the efficiency and local sequence specificity of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: Parallels with somatic hypermutation
    • Ehrenstein, M.R., and M.S. Neuberger. 1999. Deficiency in msh2 affects the efficiency and local sequence specificity of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: parallels with somatic hypermutation. EMBO J. 18:3484-3490.
    • (1999) EMBO J. , vol.18 , pp. 3484-3490
    • Ehrenstein, M.R.1    Neuberger, M.S.2
  • 26
    • 0142250490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Smu tandem repeat region is critical for Ig isotype switching in the absence of Msh2
    • Min, I.M., C.E. Schrader, J. Vardo, T.M. Luby, N. D'Avirro, J. Stavnezer, and E. Selsing. 2003. The Smu tandem repeat region is critical for Ig isotype switching in the absence of Msh2. Immunity. 19:515-524.
    • (2003) Immunity , vol.19 , pp. 515-524
    • Min, I.M.1    Schrader, C.E.2    Vardo, J.3    Luby, T.M.4    D'Avirro, N.5    Stavnezer, J.6    Selsing, E.7
  • 27
    • 0032722893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair and immunoglobulin gene hypermutation: Did we learn something?
    • Reynaud, C.A., B. Bertocci, S. Frey, F. Delbos, L. Quint, and J.C. Weill. 1999. Mismatch repair and immunoglobulin gene hypermutation: did we learn something? Immunol. Today. 20:522-527.
    • (1999) Immunol. Today , vol.20 , pp. 522-527
    • Reynaud, C.A.1    Bertocci, B.2    Frey, S.3    Delbos, F.4    Quint, L.5    Weill, J.C.6
  • 28
    • 0028917096 scopus 로고
    • A role for exonuclease 1 from S. pombe in mutation avoidance and mismatch correction
    • Szankasi, P., and G.R. Smith. 1995. A role for exonuclease 1 from S. pombe in mutation avoidance and mismatch correction. Science. 267:1166-1169.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1166-1169
    • Szankasi, P.1    Smith, G.R.2
  • 29
    • 0037066720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human exonuclease I is required for 5′ and 3′ mismatch repair
    • Genschel, J., L.R. Bazemore, and P. Modrich. 2002. Human exonuclease I is required for 5′ and 3′ mismatch repair. J. Biol. Chem. 277:13302-13311.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 13302-13311
    • Genschel, J.1    Bazemore, L.R.2    Modrich, P.3
  • 30
    • 1142299546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The alteration of somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class switching in exonuclease 1 (Exo1) deficient mice
    • Bardwell, P.D., C.J. Woo, K. Wei, W. Edelmann, and M.D. Scharff. 2004. The alteration of somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class switching in exonuclease 1 (Exo1) deficient mice. Nat. Immunol. 5:224-229.
    • (2004) Nat. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 224-229
    • Bardwell, P.D.1    Woo, C.J.2    Wei, K.3    Edelmann, W.4    Scharff, M.D.5
  • 31
    • 0038190805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mlh1 can function in antibody class switch recombination independently of Msh2
    • Schrader, C.E., J. Vardo, and J. Stavnezer. 2003. Mlh1 can function in antibody class switch recombination independently of Msh2. J. Exp. Med. 197:1377-1383.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.197 , pp. 1377-1383
    • Schrader, C.E.1    Vardo, J.2    Stavnezer, J.3
  • 32
    • 0242473148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations occur in the Ig Smu region but rarely in Sgamma regions prior to class switch recombination
    • Schrader, C.E., S.P. Bradley, J. Vardo, S.N. Mochegova, E. Flanagan, and J. Stavnezer. 2003. Mutations occur in the Ig Smu region but rarely in Sgamma regions prior to class switch recombination. EMBO J. 22:5893-5903.
    • (2003) EMBO J. , vol.22 , pp. 5893-5903
    • Schrader, C.E.1    Bradley, S.P.2    Vardo, J.3    Mochegova, S.N.4    Flanagan, E.5    Stavnezer, J.6
  • 35
    • 0345735841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced switching in SCID B cells is associated with altered somatic mutation of recombined S regions
    • Cook, A.J., L. Oganesian, P. Harumal, A. Basten, R. Brink, and C.J. Jolly. 2003. Reduced switching in SCID B cells is associated with altered somatic mutation of recombined S regions. J. Immunol. 171:6556-6564.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 6556-6564
    • Cook, A.J.1    Oganesian, L.2    Harumal, P.3    Basten, A.4    Brink, R.5    Jolly, C.J.6
  • 36
    • 0037866984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H2AX is required for recombination between immunoglobulin switch regions but not for intra-switch region recombination or somatic hypermutation
    • Reina-San-Martin, B., S. Difilippantonio, L. Hanitsch, R.F. Masilamani, A. Nussenzweig, and M.C. Nussenzweig. 2003. H2AX is required for recombination between immunoglobulin switch regions but not for intra-switch region recombination or somatic hypermutation. J. Exp. Med. 197:1767-1778.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.197 , pp. 1767-1778
    • Reina-San-Martin, B.1    Difilippantonio, S.2    Hanitsch, L.3    Masilamani, R.F.4    Nussenzweig, A.5    Nussenzweig, M.C.6
  • 38
    • 2442707746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 53BP1 links DNA damage-response pathways to immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switch recombination
    • Manis, J.P., J.C. Morales, Z. Xia, J.L. Kutok, F.W. Alt, and P.B. Carpenter. 2004. 53BP1 links DNA damage-response pathways to immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switch recombination. Nat. Immunol. 5:481-487.
    • (2004) Nat. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 481-487
    • Manis, J.P.1    Morales, J.C.2    Xia, Z.3    Kutok, J.L.4    Alt, F.W.5    Carpenter, P.B.6
  • 39
    • 0038148400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin dynamics and locus accessibility in the immune system
    • Mostoslavsky, R., F.W. Alt, and C.H. Bassing. 2003. Chromatin dynamics and locus accessibility in the immune system. Nat. Immunol. 4:603-606.
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 603-606
    • Mostoslavsky, R.1    Alt, F.W.2    Bassing, C.H.3
  • 40
    • 0346362489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription-coupled events associating with immunoglobulin switch region chromatin
    • Nambu, Y., M. Sugai, H. Gonda, C.G. Lee, T. Katakai, Y. Agata, Y. Yokota, and A. Shimizu. 2003. Transcription-coupled events associating with immunoglobulin switch region chromatin. Science. 302:2137-2140.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 2137-2140
    • Nambu, Y.1    Sugai, M.2    Gonda, H.3    Lee, C.G.4    Katakai, T.5    Agata, Y.6    Yokota, Y.7    Shimizu, A.8
  • 41
    • 0038664358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of transcriptional orientation on endogenous switch region function
    • Shinkura, R., M. Tian, M. Smith, K. Chua, Y. Fujiwara, and F.W. Alt. 2003. The influence of transcriptional orientation on endogenous switch region function. Nat. Immunol. 4:435-441.
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 435-441
    • Shinkura, R.1    Tian, M.2    Smith, M.3    Chua, K.4    Fujiwara, Y.5    Alt, F.W.6
  • 42
    • 0037650190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-loops at immunoglobulin class switch regions in the chromosomes of stimulated B cells
    • Yu, K., F. Chedin, C.L. Hsieh, T.E. Wilson, and M.R. Lieber. 2003. R-loops at immunoglobulin class switch regions in the chromosomes of stimulated B cells. Nat. Immunol. 4:442-451.
    • (2003) Nat. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 442-451
    • Yu, K.1    Chedin, F.2    Hsieh, C.L.3    Wilson, T.E.4    Lieber, M.R.5
  • 43
    • 0037017390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role for mismatch repair proteins Msh2, Mlh1, and Pms2 in immunoglobulin class switching shown by sequence analysis of recombination junctions
    • Schrader, C.E., J. Vardo, and J. Stavnezer. 2002. Role for mismatch repair proteins Msh2, Mlh1, and Pms2 in immunoglobulin class switching shown by sequence analysis of recombination junctions. J. Exp. Med. 195:367-373.
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.195 , pp. 367-373
    • Schrader, C.E.1    Vardo, J.2    Stavnezer, J.3
  • 44
    • 0035923592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable deletion and duplication at recombination junction ends: Implication for staggered double-strand cleavage in class-switch recombination
    • Chen, X., K. Kinoshita, and T. Honjo. 2001. Variable deletion and duplication at recombination junction ends: implication for staggered double-strand cleavage in class-switch recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:13860-13865.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 13860-13865
    • Chen, X.1    Kinoshita, K.2    Honjo, T.3
  • 45
    • 0036303398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse models for human DNA mismatch-repair gene defects
    • Wei, K., R. Kucherlapati, and W. Edelmann. 2002. Mouse models for human DNA mismatch-repair gene defects. Trends Mol. Med. 8:346-353.
    • (2002) Trends Mol. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 346-353
    • Wei, K.1    Kucherlapati, R.2    Edelmann, W.3
  • 48
    • 0037442190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: The G-U mismatch glycosylase methyl-CpG binding domain 4 is dispensable for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination
    • Bardwell, P.D., A. Martin, E. Wong, Z. Li, W. Edelmann, and M.D. Scharff. 2003. Cutting edge: The G-U mismatch glycosylase methyl-CpG binding domain 4 is dispensable for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. J. Immunol. 170:1620-1624.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 1620-1624
    • Bardwell, P.D.1    Martin, A.2    Wong, E.3    Li, Z.4    Edelmann, W.5    Scharff, M.D.6
  • 49
    • 0033776758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles for mismatch repair factors in regulating genetic recombination
    • Evans, E., and E. Alani. 2000. Roles for mismatch repair factors in regulating genetic recombination. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:7839-7844.
    • (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 7839-7844
    • Evans, E.1    Alani, E.2
  • 50
    • 0033966517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of mitotic homeologous recombination in yeast. Functions of mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair genes
    • Nicholson, A., M. Hendrix, S. Jinks-Robertson, and G.F. Crouse. 2000. Regulation of mitotic homeologous recombination in yeast. Functions of mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair genes. Genetics. 154:133-146.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.154 , pp. 133-146
    • Nicholson, A.1    Hendrix, M.2    Jinks-Robertson, S.3    Crouse, G.F.4
  • 51
    • 0035807955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switch junction sequences in PMS2-deficient mice reveal a microhomology-mediated mechanism of Ig class switch recombination
    • Ehrenstein, M.R., C. Rada, A.M. Jones, C. Milstein, and M.S. Neuberger. 2001. Switch junction sequences in PMS2-deficient mice reveal a microhomology-mediated mechanism of Ig class switch recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 98:14553-14558.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 14553-14558
    • Ehrenstein, M.R.1    Rada, C.2    Jones, A.M.3    Milstein, C.4    Neuberger, M.S.5
  • 52
    • 0037195272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin genes: Generating diversity with AID and UNG
    • Storb, U., and J. Stavnezer. 2002. Immunoglobulin genes: generating diversity with AID and UNG. Curr. Biol. 12:R725-R727.
    • (2002) Curr. Biol. , vol.12
    • Storb, U.1    Stavnezer, J.2
  • 53
    • 0030834260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2 and Msh3 repair proteins in double-strand break-induced recombination
    • Sugawara, N., F. Paques, M. Colaiacovo, and J.E. Haber. 1997. Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Msh2 and Msh3 repair proteins in double-strand break-induced recombination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:9214-9219.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 9214-9219
    • Sugawara, N.1    Paques, F.2    Colaiacovo, M.3    Haber, J.E.4
  • 54
    • 0037128169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation-induced deaminase (AID)-directed hypermutation in the immunoglobulin Smu region: Implication of AID involvement in a common step of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation
    • Nagaoka, H., M. Muramatsu, N. Yamamura, K. Kinoshita, and T. Honjo. 2002. Activation-induced deaminase (AID)-directed hypermutation in the immunoglobulin Smu region: implication of AID involvement in a common step of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. J. Exp. Med. 195:529-534.
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med. , vol.195 , pp. 529-534
    • Nagaoka, H.1    Muramatsu, M.2    Yamamura, N.3    Kinoshita, K.4    Honjo, T.5
  • 55
    • 0037377943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM is not required in somatic hypermutation of VH, but is involved in the introduction of mutations in the switch mu region
    • Pan-Hammarstrom, Q., S. Dai, Y. Zhao, I.F. van Dijk-Hard, R.A. Gatti, A.L. Borresen-Dale, and L. Hammarstrom. 2003. ATM is not required in somatic hypermutation of VH, but is involved in the introduction of mutations in the switch mu region. J. Immunol. 170:3707-3716.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.170 , pp. 3707-3716
    • Pan-Hammarstrom, Q.1    Dai, S.2    Zhao, Y.3    Van Dijk-Hard, I.F.4    Gatti, R.A.5    Borresen-Dale, A.L.6    Hammarstrom, L.7
  • 56
    • 1842732235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of DNA polymerase {eta} reveals targeting of C mutations on the nontranscribed strand in immunoglobulin switch regions
    • Zeng, X., G.A. Negrete, C. Kasmer, W.W. Yang, and P.J. Gearhart. 2004. Absence of DNA polymerase {eta} reveals targeting of C mutations on the nontranscribed strand in immunoglobulin switch regions. J. Exp. Med. 199:917-924.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 917-924
    • Zeng, X.1    Negrete, G.A.2    Kasmer, C.3    Yang, W.W.4    Gearhart, P.J.5
  • 57
    • 0037206851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase iota
    • Faili, A., S. Aoufouchi, E. Flatter, Q. Gueranger, C.A. Reynaud, and J.C. Weill. 2002. Induction of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes is dependent on DNA polymerase iota. Nature. 419:944-947.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.419 , pp. 944-947
    • Faili, A.1    Aoufouchi, S.2    Flatter, E.3    Gueranger, Q.4    Reynaud, C.A.5    Weill, J.C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.