The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of carotenoids

Progress in Lipid Research

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 228-265

  Fraser, Paul D ^a   Bramley, Peter M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA CAROTENE; CAPSANTHIN; CAROTENOID; ISOPENTENYL DIPHOSPHATE; LYCOPENE; NEOXANTHIN; RETINOL; XANTHOPHYLL;

BIOSYNTHESIS; BREAST CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARROT; CATABOLISM; COLORECTAL CANCER; CROP; CYCLIZATION; DIET; DIETARY INTAKE; EPOXIDATION; ERYTHEMA; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; EYE DISEASE; FATTY ACID DESATURATION; FOOD COMPOSITION; FRUIT; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENOMICS; HIGHER PLANT; HUMAN; HYDROXYLATION; ISOMERIZATION; LEAFY VEGETABLE; LUNG CANCER; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; PLANT BREEDING; PLANT ROOT; PLANT SEED; POTATO; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; RAPESEED; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; RICE; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TOMATO; TRANSGENIC PLANT;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; BREEDING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CAROTENOIDS; DIET; ERYTHEMA; EYE DISEASES; HEMITERPENES; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PLANTS, EDIBLE; PLANTS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; VITAMIN A; XANTHOPHYLLS;

ANIMALIA; AVES; CRUSTACEA;

EID: 1542315589     PISSN: 01637827     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2003.10.002     Document Type: Review

References (209)

1. Bramley P.M. Johnson I., Williamson G. Phytochemical functional foods. 2003;253-279 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
2. Weedon B.C.L., Moss G.P. Britton G., Pfander H., Liaaen-Jensen S. Carotenoids. 1995;27-44 Birkhauser, Basel.
3. Bauernfeind J.C. J Agric Fd Chem. 20:1972;456-473.
4. Khachik F., Goli M.B., Beecher G.R., Holden J., Lusby W.R., Tenorio M.D.et al. J Agric Food Chem. 40:1992;390-398.
5. Scott K.J., Hart D.J. The carotenoid composition of vegetables and fruit commonly consumed in the UK. 1994;IFR, Norwich.
6. O'Neill M.E., Carroll Y., Corridan B., Olmedilla B., Blanco I., van den Berg H.et al. Br. J. Nutr. 85:2001;499-507.
7. Ong A.J.H., Tee E.S. Methods Enzymol. 213:1992;142-167.
8. Jackson M.J. Eur J Clin Nutr. 51:1997;S1-2.
9. Castenmiller J.J.M., West C.E. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 18:1998;19-38.
10. de Pee S., West C.E. Eur J Clin Nutr. 50:1996;S38-53.
11. Yeum K.-J., Russell R.M. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 22:2002;483-504.
12. Van het Hof K.H., West C.E., Weststrate J.A., Hautvast J.G.A.J. J. Nutr. 130:2000;503-506.
13. Castenmiller J.J.M., West C.E., Linssen J.P.H., van het Hof K.H., Voragen A.G.J. J. Nutr. 129:1999;349-355.
14. Boileau A.C., Merchen N.R., Wasson K., Atkinson C.A., Erdman J.W. Jr. J. Nutr. 129:1999;1176-1181.
15. Van den Berg H. Nutr Rev. 57:1999;1-10.
16. During A., Hussain M.M., Morel D.W., Harrison E.H. J Lip Res. 43:2002;1086-1095.
17. Parker R.S., Swanson J.E., You C.S., Edwards A.J., Huang J. Proc Nutr Soc. 58:1999;155-162.
18. Van Lieshout M., West C.E., van Breemen R.B. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77:2003;12-28.
19. Faulks R.M., Hart D.J., Wilson P.D.G., Scott K.J., Southon S. Clin Sci. 93:1997;585-591.
20. Schmitz H.H., Poor C.L., Wellman R.B., Erdman J.W., Jr J. Nutr. 121:1991;1613-1621.
21. Stahl W., Schwarz W., Sundquist A.R., Sies H. Archiv Biochem Biophys. 294:1992;173-177.
22. Clinton S.K., Emenhiser C., Schwartz S.J. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 5:1996;823-833.
23. Olson J.A., Hayaishi O. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 54:1965;1364-1370.
24. Redmond T.M., Gentleman S., Duncan T., Yu S., Wiggert B., Gantt E.et al. J Biol. Chem. 276:2001;6560-6565.
25. Kiefer C., Hessel S., Lampert J.M., Vogt K., Lederer M.O., Breithaupt, von Lintig J. J Biol Chem. 276:2002;14110-14116.
26. Lindqvist A., Andersson S. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;23942-23948.
27. Schwartz S.H., Tan B.C., McCarty D.R., Welch W., Zeevart J.A. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1619:2003;9-14.
28. West C.E., Eilander A., van Lieshout M. J. Nutr. 132:2002;2920S-2926S.
29. Cooper D.A., Eldridge A.L., Peters J.C. Nutr Rev. 57:1999;201-214.
30. Handelman G.J. Nutrition. 17:2001;818-822.
31. Bramley P.M. Phytochem. 54:2000;233-236.
32. Johnson E.J. Nutr Clin Care. 5:2002;56-65.
33. Paiva S.A.R., Russell R.M. J Am College Nutr. 18:1999;426-433.
34. Palozza P., Calviello G., Bartoli G.M. Free Rad Biol Med. 19:1995;887-892.
35. Muller K. Carpenter, Challis IR, Skepper JN, Arends MJ. Free Rad Res. 36:2002;791-802.
36. Collins A.R. Mutat. Res. 475:2001;21-28.
37. Congdon N.G., West K.P. Jr. Curr Opin Ophthamol. 10:1999;467-473.
38. Mohanty I., Joshi S., Trivedi D., Srivastava S., Gupta S.K. Brit J Nutr. 88:2002;347-354.
39. Brown L., Rimm E.B., Seddon J.M., Giovannucci E.L., Chasan-Taber L., Spiegelman D.et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70:1999;517-524.
40. Christen W.G., Manson J.E., Glynn R.J., Gaziano J.M., Sperduto R.D., Buring J.E.et al. Arch Ophthalmol. 121:2003;372-378.
41. Bone R.A., Landrum J.T., Friedes L.M., Gomez C.M., Kilburn M.D., Menendez E.et al. Exp. Eye Res. 64:1997;211-218.
42. Snodderly D.M., Handelman G.J., Adler A.J. Invest Ophthamol Vis Sci. 32:1991;268-279.
43. Goodwin T.W. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 6:1986;273-297.
44. Seddon J.M., Ajani A., Sperduto R.D., Hiller R., Blair N., Burton T.C.et al. JAMA. 272:1994;1413-1420.
45. Snodderly D.M. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:1995;1448S-1461S.
46. Kohlmeier L., Hastings S.B. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:1995;1370S-1376S.
47. Hadley C.W., Clinton S.K., Schwartz S.J. J. Nutr. 133:2003;727-732.
48. Rissanen T., Voutilainen S., Nyyssonen K., Salonen J.T. Exp Biol Med. 227:2002;900-907.
49. [special issue]. Alpha-Tocopherol, β-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Eng J Med. 1994;330:1029-35
50. Zhang L.-X., Cooney R.V., Bertram J.S. Carcinogenesis. 12:1991;2109-2114.
51. Astorg P. Trends Fd Sci Technol. 8:1997;406-413.
52. Lee I.M., Cook N.R., Manson J.E., Buring J.E., Hennekens C.H. J Natl Cancer Inst. 91:1999;2102-2106.
53. Pryor W.A., Stahl W., Rock C.L. Nutr Rev. 58:2000;39-53.
54. Omenn G.S. Annu Rev Pub Health. 19:1998;73-99.
55. Wright M.E., Mayne S.T., Swanson C.A., Sinha R., Alavanja M.C. Cancer Causes Control. 14:2003;85-96.
56. Clavel-Chapelon F., Niravong M., Joseph R.R. Cancer Detect Prev. 21:1997;426-440.
57. Dorgan J.F., Sowell A., Sorenson C.A., Potischman N., Miller R., Schussler N.et al. Cancer Causes Control. 9:1998;89-97.
58. Nahum A., Hirsch K., Danilenko M., Watts C.K.W., Prall O.W.J., Levy J.et al. Oncogene. 20:2001;3428-3436.
59. Terry P., Jain M., Miller A.B., Howe G.R., Rohan T.E. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76:2002;883-888.
60. Giovannucci E., Ascherio A., Rimm E.B., Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A., Willett W.C. J Natl Cancer Inst. 87:1995;1767-1776.
61. Van Breeman R.B., Xu X., Viana M.A., Chen L., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M., Duncan C.et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:2002;2214-2219.
62. Giovannucci E. J Natl Caner Inst. 91:1999;317-331.
63. Barber N. BJU Intnal. 91:2003;307-313.
64. Miller E.C., Giovannucci E., Erdman J.W. Jr., Bahnson R., Schwartz S.J., Clinton S.K. Urol Clin N Am. 29:2002;83-93.
65. Giovannucci E., Rimm E.B., Liu Y., Stampfer M.J., Willett W.C. J Natl Cancer Inst. 94:2002;391-398.
66. Chen L., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M., Duncan C., Sharifi R., Ghosh L., van Breemen R.et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 93:2001;1872-1879.
67. Kim L., Rao A.V., Rao L.G. J Med Food. 5:2002;181-187.
68. Potter J.D., Slattery M.L., Bostick R.M., Gapstur S.M. Epidemiol Rev. 15:1993;499-545.
69. Slattery M.L., Benson J., Curtin K., Khe-Ni M., Schaeffer D., Potter J.D. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71:2000;575-582.
70. Terry P., Jain M., Miller A.B., Howe G.R., Rohan T.E. Nutr Cancer. 42:2002;167-172.
71. Garmyn M., Ribaya-Mercado J.D., Russell R.M., Bhanan J., Gilchrest B.A. Exp Dermatol. 4:1995;101-111.
72. Gollnick P.M., Hopfenmuller W., Hemmes C. Chun Sc, Sundermeier K, Biesalski HK. Eur J Dermatol. 6:1996;200-205.
73. Stahl W., Heinrich U., Jungmann H., Sies H., Tronnier H. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71:2000;795-798.
74. Stahl W., Sies H. Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 15:2002;291-296.
75. Eichler O., Sies H., Stahl W. Photochem. Photobiol. 75:2002;503-506.
76. Bramley P.M. Adv Lip Res. 21:1985;671-679.
77. McGarvey D.J., Croteau R. Plant Cell. 7:1995;1015-1026.
78. Eisenreich W., Rohdich F., Bacher A. Trends Plant Sci. 6:2001;78-84.
79. Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Boronat A. Plant Physiol. 130:2002;1079-1089.
80. Kasahara H., Hanada A., Kuzuyama T., Takagi M., Kamiya Y., Yamaguchi S. J. Biol. Chem. 277:2002;45188-45194.
81. Rohmer M. Nat. Prod. Rep. 16:1999;565-574.
82. Arigoni D., Sagner S., Latzel C., Eisenreich W., Bacher A., Zenk M. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 94:1997;10600-10605.
83. Bouvier F., d'Harlingue A., Suire C., Backhaus R.A., Camara B. Plant Physiol. 117:1998;1423-1431.
84. Lois L.M., Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Gallego F., Campos N., Boronat A. Plant J. 22:2000;22901-22909.
85. Lange B.M., Wildung M.R., McCaskill D., Croteau R. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 95:1998;2100-2104.
86. Estevez J.M., Cantero A., Romero C., Kawaide H., Jimenez L.F., Kuzuyama T.et al. Plant Physiol. 124:2000;95-103.
87. Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Ahumada I., Diez-Juez E., Sauret-Gueto S., Lois L.M., Gallego F.et al. Plant J. 27:2001;213-222.
88. Lange B.M., Croteau R. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 365:1999;170-174.
89. Schwender J., Muller C., Zeidler J., Lichtenthaler H.K. FEBS Lett. 455:1999;140-144.
90. Rohdich F., Wungsintaweekul J., Eisenreich W., Richter G., Schuhr C.A., Hecht S.et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 97:2000;6451-6456.
91. Lange B.M., Ghassemian M. Plant Mol. Biol. 51:2003;925-948.
92. Rohdich F., Wungsintaweekul J., Luttgen H., Fischer M., Eisenreich W., Schuhr C.A.et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 97:2000;8251-8255.
93. Lange B.M., Croteau R. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 96:1999;13714-13719.
94. Querol J., Campos N., Imperial S., Boronat A., Rodriguez-Concepcion M. FEBS Lett. 514:2002;343-346.
95. Poulter C.D., Rilling H.C. Porter J.W., Spurgeon S.L. Biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds vol 1. 1981;162-224 John Wiley and Sons, New York.
96. Than A., Bramley P.M., Davies B.H., Rees A.F. Phytochem. 11:1972;3187-3190.
97. Fraser P.D., Schuch W., Bramley P.M. Planta. 211:2000;361-369.
98. Maudinas B., Bucholtz M.L., Papastephanou C., Katiyar S.S., Briedis A.V., Porter J.W. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66:1975;430-436.
99. Dogbo O., Camara B. Biochem Biophys Acta. 920:1987;140-148.
100. Lützow M., Beyer P. Biochem Biophys Acta. 959:1988;118-126.
101. Blanc V.M., Pichersky E. Plant Physiol. 108:1995;855.
102. Moehs C.P., Tian L., Osteryoung K.W., DellaPenna D. Plant Mol. Biol. 45:2001;281-293.
103. Kuntz M., Römer S., Suire C., Hugueney P., Weil J.H., Schantz R., Camara B. Plant J. 2:1992;25-34.
104. Römer S., Hugueney P., Bouvier F., Camara B., Kuntz M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 196:1993;1414-1421.
105. Okada K., Saito T., Nakagawa T., Kawamukai M., Kamiya Y. Plant Physiol. 122:2000;1045-1056.
106. Oh S.K., Kim I.J., Shin D.H., Yang J., Kang H., Han K.H.J. Plant Physiol. 157:2000;535-542.
107. Aitken S.M., Attucci S., Ibrahim R.K., Gulick P.J. Plant Physiol. 108:1995;837-838.
108. Bouvier F., Suire C., d'Harlingue A., Backhaus R.A., Camara B. Plant J. 24:2000;241-252.
109. Laferriere A., Beyer P. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1077:1991;167-172.
110. Buckner B., Mignel P.S., Janick-Buckner D., Bennetzen J.L. Genetics. 143:1996;479-488.
111. Karvouni Z., John I., Taylor J.E., Watson C.F., Turner A.J., Grierson D. Plant Mol. Biol. 27:1995;1153-1162.
112. Schledz M., AlBabili S., Von Lintig J., Haubruck H., Rabbani S., Kleinig H.et al. Plant J. 10:1996;781-792.
113. Busch M., Seuter A., Hain R. Plant Physiol. 128:2002;439-453.
114. Bartley G.E., Scolnik P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;25718-25721.
115. Fray R.G., Grierson D. Plant Mol. Biol. 22:1993;589-602.
116. Dogbo O., Laferriere A., d'Harlingue A., Camara B. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 85:1988;7054-7058.
117. Schledz M., Al-Babili S., Von Lintig J., Haubruck H., Rabbani S., Kleinig H.et al. Plant J. 10:1996;781-792.
118. Hugueney P., Römer S., Kuntz M., Camara B. Eur. J. Biochem. 209:1992;399-407.
119. Pecker I., Chamovitz D., Linden H., Sandmann G., Hirschberg J. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 89:1992;4962-4966.
120. Zhou-Hui L., Matthews P.D., Burr B., Wurtzel E. Plant Mol. Biol. 30:1996;269-279.
121. Al-Babili S., Von Lintig J., Haubruck H., Beyer P. Plant J. 9:1996;601-612.
122. Bartley G.E., Viitanen P.V., Pecker I., Chamovitz D., Hirschberg J., Scolnik P.A. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 88:1991;6532-6536.
123. Camara B., Bardat F., Moneger R. Eur. J. Biochem. 127:1982;255-258.
124. Beyer P., Weiss G., Kleinig H. Eur. J. Biochem. 153:1985;341-346.
125. Carol P., Stevenson D., Bisanz C., Breitenbach J., Sandmann G., Mache R.et al. Plant Cell. 11:1999;57-68.
126. Josse E.M., Simkin A.J., Gaffle J., Laboure A.M., Kuntz M., Carol P. Plant Physiol. 123:2000;1427-1436.
127. Norris S.R., Barrette T.R., DellaPenna D. Plant Cell. 7:1995;2139-2149.
128. Schultz, A, Ort O, Beyer P, Kleinig H, FEBS Lett 1993;318:162-166.
129. Albrecht M, Klein A, Hugueney P, Sandmann G, Kuntz M, FEBS Lett 1995;372:199-202.
130. Scolnik P.A., Bartley G.E. Plant Mol Biol Rep. 14:1996;305-319.
131. Bartley G.E., Ishida B.K. Plant Physiol. 121:1999;1383.
132. Breitenbach J., Kuntz M., Takaichi S., Sandmann G. Eur J. Biochem. 265:1999;376-383.
133. Clough J.M., Pattenden G. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans. 1:1983;3011-3018.
134. Bartley G.E., Scolnik P.A., Beyer P. Eur. J. Biochem. 259:1999;396-403.
135. Beyer P., Mayer M., Kleinig H. Eur. J. Biochem. 184:1989;141-150.
136. Isaacson T., Ronen G., Zamir D., Hirschberg J. Plant Cell. 14:2002;333-342.
137. Park H., Kreunen S.S., Cuttriss A.J., DellaPenna D., Pogson B.J. Plant Cell. 14:2002;321-332.
138. Beyer P., Kröncke U., Nievelstein V. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;17072-17078.
139. Camara B., Dogbo O. Plant Physiol. 80:1986;172-174.
140. Pecker I., Gabbay R., Cunningham F.X., Hirschberg J. Plant Mol. Biol. 30:1996;807-819.
141. Cunningham F.X., Gantt E. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 98:2001;2905-2910.
142. Cunningham F.X., Pogson B.J., Sun Z., McDonald K.A., DellaPenna D., Gantt E. Plant Cell. 8:1996;1613-1626.
143. Hugueney P., Badillo A., Chen H.C., Klien A., Hirschberg J., Camara B.et al. Plant J. 8:1995;417-424.
144. Ronen G., Carmel-Goren L., Zamir D., Hirschberg J. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 97:2000;11102-11107.
145. Ronen G., Cohen M., Zamir D., Hirschberg J. Plant J. 17:1999;341-351.
146. Sun Z., Gantt E., Cunningham F.X. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;24349-24352.
147. Hirschberg J. Carotenoids. Britton G., Liaaen-Jensen S., Pfander H. 1998;149-194 Birkhauser Verlag, Basel.
148. Bouvier F., Keller Y., d'Harlingue A., Camara B. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1391:1998;320-328.
149. Fraser P.D., Muira Y., Misawa N. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;6128-6135.
150. Yamamoto H.Y. Methods Enzymol. 110:1985;303-312.
151. Marin E., Nussaume L., Quesada A., Gonneau M., Scotta B., Hugueney P.et al. EMBO J. 15:1996;2331-2342.
152. Bouvier F., d'Harlingue A., Hugueney P., Marin E., Marion-Poll A., Camara B. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;28861-28867.
153. Rockhom D.C., Yamamoto H.Y. Plant Physiol. 110:1996;697-703.
154. Arvidsson P.O., Bratt C.E., Carlsson M., Akerlund H.E. Photosyn Res. 49:1996;119-129.
155. Bugos R., Yamamoto H.Y. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 93:1996;6320-6325.
156. Hieber A., Bugos R.C., Yamamoto H.Y. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1482:2000;84-91.
157. Al Babili S., Hugueney P., Scheldz M., Welsch R., Frohnmeyer H., Laule O. FEBS Lett. 485:2000;168-172.
158. Bouvier F., d'Harlingue A., Backhaus R.A., Kumagai M.H., Camara B. Eur. J. Biochem. 267:2000;6346-6352.
159. Bouvier F., Hugueney P., d'Harlingue A., Kuntz M., Camara B. Plant J. 6:1994;45-54.
160. Schwartz S.H., Tan B.C., Gage D.A., Zeevaart J.A.D., McCarty D.R. Science. 276:1997;1872-1874.
161. Bouvier F., Suire C., Mutterer J., Camara B. Plant Cell. 15:2002;47-62.
162. Li L., Paolillo J.P., Parthasarathy M.V., DiMuzio E.M., Garvin D.F. Plant J. 26:2001;59-67.
163. Fraser P.D., Truesdale M.R., Bird C.R., Schuch W., Bramley P.M. Plant Physiol. 105:1994;405-413.
164. Fraser P.D., Römer S., Shipton C.A., Mills P.B., Kiano J.W., Misawa N.et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 99:2002;1092-1097.
165. Corona V., Aracci B., Kosturkova G., Bartley G.E., Pitto L., Giorgetti L.et al. Plant J. 9:1996;505-512.
166. Wetzel C.M., Rodermel S.R. Plant Mol. Biol. 37:1998;1045-1053.
167. Bouvier F., Backhaus R.A., Camara B. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;30651-30659.
168. Ikoma Y., Komatsu A., Kita M., Ogawa K., Omura M., Yano M.et al. Physiol. Plant. 111:2001;232-238.
169. Von Lintig J., Welsch R., Bonk M., Giuliano G., Batschauer A., Kleinig H. Plant J. 12:1997;625-634.
170. Hirschberg J, Curr Opin Plant Biol 2001;4;210-8.
171. Welsch R., Medina J., Giuliano G., Beyer P., Von Lintig J. Planta. 216:2003;523-534.
172. Ninu L., Ahmad M., Miarelli C., Cashmore A.R., Giuliano G. Plant J. 18:1999;551-556.
173. Fray R., Wallace A., Fraser P.D., Valero D., Hedden P., Bramley P.M., Grierson D. Plant J. 8:1995;696-701.
174. Welsch R., Beyer P., Hugueney P., Kleinig H., von Lintig J. Planta. 211:2000;846-854.
175. Kuhlbrandt W. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 4:1994;519-528.
176. Deruere J, Römer S, d'Harlingue A, Backhaus RA, Kuntz M and Camara B. 1994; 8:417-24.
177. Shewmaker C.K., Sheehy J.A., Daley M., Colburn S., Ke D.Y. Plant J. 20:1999;401-412.
178. Römer S., Fraser P.D., Kiano J., Shipton C.A., Misawa N., Schuch W., Bramley P.M. Nature Biotech. 18:2000;666-669.
179. Tanksley S.D., Ganal M.W., Prince J.C., de Vicente M.C., Bonierabale M.W., Broun D.et al. Genetics. 132:1992;114-160.
180. Schwekendiek A., Kim J.B., Weber G. Proc 13th Int Carotenoid Sympos. 2002;52.
181. Yen H., Shelton A., Howard L., Vrebalov J., Giovannoni J.J. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 95:1997;1069-1079.
182. Mustilli A.C., Fenzi F., Ciliento R., Alfano F., Bowler C. Plant Cell. 11:1999;145-157.
183. Stevens M.A., Rick C.M. In: The tomato crop. Ed Atherton JG and Ruddich J. Chapman and Hall. 1986;35-109.
184. Von Lintig J., Vogt K. J. Biol. Chem. 275:2000;11915-11920.
185. Kowalski S.P., Ebora R.V., Krycer R.D., Potter R.H. Plant J. 31:2002;407-423.
186. Birch R.G. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 48:1997;297-326.
187. Truesdale M.R. PhD thesis, University of London. 1994.
188. Bird C.R., Ray J.A., Fletcher J.D., Boniwell J.M., Bird A.S., Teulieres C.et al. BioTechnology. 9:1991;635-639.
189. Bramley P., Teulieres C., Blain I., Bird C., Schuch W. Plant J. 2:1992;343-349.
190. Carthew R.W. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 13:2001;244-248.
191. Fraser P.D., Kiano J.W., Truesdale M.R., Schuch W., Bramley P.M. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:1999;687-698.
192. Schuch W., Drake R.G., Bird C.R. US Patent wo97/. 1996;46690.
193. Rosati C., Aquilani R., Dharmapuri S., Pallara P., Marusic C., Tavazza R.et al. Plant J. 24:2000;413-419.
194. Dharmapuri S., Rosati C., Pallara P., Aquilani R., Bouvier F., Camara B.et al. FEBS Lett. 519:2002;30-34.
195. Mehta R.A., Cassol T., Li N., Handa A.K., Mattoo A.K. Nature Biotech. 20:2002;613-618.
196. Ausich R.L., Brinkhaus F.L., Mukharji I., Proffitt J.H., Yarger J.G., Yen H.-C.B. Patent PCT/US91/. 1991;01458.
197. Hauptmann R., Eschenfeldt W.H., English J., Brinkhaus F.L. US patent. 1997;5618988.
198. Römer S., Lübeck J., Kauder F., Steiger S., Adomat C., Sandmann G. Metabolic Engineering. 4:2002;263-272.
199. Kridl J.C., McCarter D.W., Rose R.E., Scherer D.E., Knutzon D.S., Radke S.E. Knauf Vc. Seed Sci Res. 1:1991;209-219.
200. Matthews PD, Upasani V, Wurtzel ET. Proc 13th International Carotenoid Symposium 2002; 52.
201. Burkhardt P.K., Beyer P., Wunn J., Kloti A., Armstrong G.A., Schledz M., von Lintig J., Potrykus I. Plant J. 11:1997;1071-1078.
202. Ye X., Al-Babili S., Klotz A., Zhang J., Lucca P., Beyer P., Potrykus I. Science. 287:2000;303-305.
203. Datta K., Baiskh N., Oliva N., Torriz L., Abrigo E., Tan J.et al. Plant Biotech J. 1:2003;81-90.
204. Ackerman J. National Geographic. 201:2002;2-51.
205. Misawa N., Masamoto K., Hori T., Ohtani T., Böger P., Sandmann G. Plant J. 6:1994;481-489.
206. Gotz T., Sandmann G., Römer S. Plant Mol. Biol. 50:2002;129-142.
207. Davison P.A., Hunter C.N., Horton P. Nature. 418:2002;203-206.
208. Giddings G., Allison G., Brooks D., Carter A. Nat Biotech. 18:2000;1151-1155.
209. Kumagai M.H., Turpen T.H., Weinzettl N., Dellacioppa G., Turpen A.M., Donson J.et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 90:1993;427-430.