Genome organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: A survey for genes involved in isoprenoid and chlorophyll metabolism

Plant Molecular Biology

Volumn 51, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 925-948

  Lange, B Markus ^a   Ghassemian, Majid ^a  

^a SYNGENTA BIOTECHNOLOGY INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Arabidopsis; Chlorophyll; Deoxyxylulose; Isoprenoid; Methylerythritol; Mevalonate

Indexed keywords

ENZYMES; KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS; PLANTS (BOTANY);

GENOME ORGANIZATION;

GENES;

ABSCISIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS; CAROTENOIDS; CHLOROPHYLL; CHOLESTANOLS; CHROMOSOME MAPPING; CHROMOSOMES, PLANT; CYTOSOL; DIMETHYLALLYLTRANSTRANSFERASE; GENES, PLANT; GENOME, PLANT; GIBBERELLINS; MITOCHONDRIA; MONOTERPENES; PHYTOSTEROLS; PLASTIDS; PLASTOQUINONE; PROTEIN ISOPRENYLATION; SESQUITERPENES; STEROIDS, HETEROCYCLIC; TERPENES; TOCOPHEROLS; UBIQUINONE; VITAMIN K 1;

ARABIDOPSIS; ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA; EMBRYOPHYTA;

EID: 0038554229     PISSN: 01674412     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1023005504702     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Adam, K.P., Thiel, R. and Zapp, J. 1999. Incorporation of 1-[1-(13)C]deoxy-D-xylulose in chamomile sesquiterpenes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 369: 127-132.
2. Al-Babili, S., Hugueney, P., Schledz, M., Welsch, R., Frohnmeyer, H., Laule, O. and Beyer, P. 2000. Identification of a novel gene coding for neoxanthin synthase from Solanum tuberosum. FEBS Lett. 485: 168-172.
3. Albrecht, M., Klein, A., Hugueney, P., Sandmann, G. and Kuntz, M. 1995. Molecular cloning and functional expression in E. coli of a novel plant enzyme mediating ζ-carotene desaturation. FEBS Lett. 372: 199-202.
4. Altschul, S.F., Gis, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. and Lipman, D.J. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410.
5. Andres, D.A., Deabra, M.C., Brown, M.S., Armstrong, S.A., Smeland, T.E., Cremers, F.P. and Goldstein, J.L. 1993. cDNA cloning of component A of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase and demonstration of its role as a Rab escort protein. Cell 73: 1091-1099.
6. Arabidopsis Genome Initiative 2000. Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant A rabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408: 796-815.
7. Armstrong, G.A., Runge, S., Fric, G., Sperling, U. and Apel, K. 1995. Identification of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases A and B: a branched pathway for light-dependent chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 108: 1505-1517.
8. Armstrong, S.A., Seabra, M.C., Sudhof, T.C., Goldstein, J.L. and Brown, M.S. 1993. cDNA cloning and expression of the alpha and beta subunits of rat Rab geranylgeranyl transferase. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12221-12229.
9. Aubourg, S., Lecharny, A. and Bohlmann, J. 2002. Genomic analysis of the terpenoid synthase (AtTPS) gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Genet. Genomics 267: 730-745.
10. Avelange-Macharel, M.H. and Joyard, J. 1998. Cloning and functional expression of AtCOQ3, the Arabidopsis homologue of the yeast COQ3 gene, encoding a methyl-transferase from plant mitochondria involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. Plant J. 14: 203-213.
11. Bartley, G.E., Viitanen, P.V., Pecker, I., Chamovitz, D., Hirschberg, J. and Scolnik, P.A. 1991. Molecular cloning and expression in photosynthetic bacteria of a soybean cDNA coding for phytoene desaturase, an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 6532-6536.
12. Bartley, G.E., Viitanen, P.V., Bacot, K.O. and Scolnik, P.A. 1992. A tomato gene expressed during fruit ripening encodes an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 5036-5039.
13. Benedetti, C.E., Costa, C.L., Turcinelli, S.R. and Arruda, P. 1998. Differential expression of a novel gene in response to coronatine, methyl jasmonate, and wounding in the Coil mutant of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 116: 1037-1042.
14. Benli, M., Schulz, R. and Apel, K. 1991. Effect of light on the NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 16: 615-625.
15. Boese, Q.F., Spano, A.J., Li, J.M. and Timko, M.P. 1991. Aminole-vulinic acid dehydratase in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Identification of an unusual metal-binding domain in the plant enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 17060-17066.
16. Bohlmann, J., Martin, D., Oldham, N.J. and Gershenzon, J. 2000. Terpenoid secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of a myrcene/(E)-β-ocimene synthase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 375: 261-269.
17. Bouvier, R., Suire, C., d'Harlingue, A., Backhaus, R.A. and Camara, B. 2000a. Molecular cloning of geranyl diphosphate synthase and compartmentation of monoterpene synthesis in plant cells. Plant J. 24: 241-252.
18. Bouvier, F., d'Harlingue, A., Backhaus, R.A., Kumagai, M.H. and Camara, B. 2000b. Identification of neoxanthin synthase as a carotenoid cyclase paralog. Eur. J. Biochem. 267: 6346-6352.
19. Bouvier-Nave, P., Husselstein, T., Desprez, T. and Benveniste, P. 1997. Identification of cDNAs encoding sterol methyltransferases involved in the second methylation step of plant sterol biosynthesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 246:518-529.
20. Bugos, R.C., Hieber, A.D. and Yamamoto, H.Y. 1998. Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 15321-15324.
21. Caelles, C., Ferrer, A., Balcells, L., Hegardt, F.G. and Boronat, A. 1989. Isolation and structural characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Mol. Biol. 13: 627-638.
22. Caldelari, D., Sternberg, H., Rodriguez-Concepcion, M., Gruissem, W. and Yalovsky, S. 2001. Efficient prenylation by a plant geranylgeranyltransferase-I requires a functional CaaL box motif and a proximal polybasic domain. Plant Physiol. 126: 1416-1429.
23. Campbell, M., Hahn, F.M., Poulter, C.D. and Leustek, T. 1997. Analysis of the isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 36: 323-328.
24. Choe, S., Dilkes, B.P., Fujioka, S., Takatsuto, S., Sakurai, A. and Feldmann, K.A. 1998. The DWF4 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a cytochrome P450 that mediates multiple 22α-hydroxylation steps in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 10: 231-243.
25. Chow, K.S., Singh, D.P., Walker, A.R. and Smith, A.G. 1998. Two different genes encode ferrochelatase in Arabidopsis: mapping, expression and subcellular targeting of the precursor proteins. Plant J. 15: 531-541.
26. Collakova, E. and DellaPenna, D. 2001. Isolation and functional analysis of homogentisate phytyltransferase from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 127: 1113-1124.
27. Cordier, H., Karst, F. and Berges, T. 1999. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 953-967.
28. Corey, E.J., Matsuda, S.P. and Bartel, B. 1993. Isolation of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding cycloartenol synthase by functional expression in a yeast mutant lacking lanosterol synthase by the use of a chromatographic screen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 11628-11632.
29. Crowell, D.N. 2000. Functional implications of protein isoprenylation in plants. Progr. Lipid Res. 39: 393-408.
30. Cunillera, N., Boronat, A. and Ferrer, A. 1997. The Arabidopsis thaliana FPS1 gene generates a novel mRNA that encodes a mitochondrial farnesyl-diphosphate synthase isoform. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 15381-15388.
31. Cunillera, N., Arro, M., Fores, O., Manzano, D. and Ferrer, A. 2000. Characterization of dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana, a key enzyme in dolichol biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 477: 170-174.
32. Cunningham, F.X. and Gantt, E. 2000. Identification of multi-gene families encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in plants by heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 119-123.
33. Cunningham, F.X., Pogson, B., Sun, Z., McDonald, K.A., DellaPenna, D. and Gantt, E. 1996. Functional analysis of the β and ε lycopene cyclase enzymes of Arabidopsis reveals a mechanism for control of cyclic carotenoid formation. Plant Cell 8: 1613-1626.
34. Darnet, S., Bard, M. and Rahier, A. 2001. Functional identification of sterol-4α-methyl oxidase cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana by complementation of a yeast erg25 mutant lacking sterol-4-α-methyl oxidation. FEBS Lett. 508: 39-43.
35. Davis, S.J., Kurepa, J. and Viestra, R.D. 1999. The Arabidopsis thaliana HY1 locus, required for phytochrome-chromophore biosynthesis, encodes a protein related to heme oxygenases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 6541-6546.
36. Davis, S.J., Bhoo, S.H., Durski, A.M., Walker, J.M. and Vierstra, R.D. 2001. The heme-oxygenase family required for phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis is necessary for proper photomorphogenesis in higher plants. Plant Physiol. 126: 656-669.
37. Day, I.S., Golovkin, M. and Reddy, A.S. 1998. Cloning of the cDNA for glutamyl-tRNA synthetase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1399: 219-224.
38. Delourme, D., Lacroute, F. and Karst, F. 1994. Cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA coding for farnesyl diphosphate synthase by functional complementation in yeast. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 1867-1873.
39. Demming-Adams, B., Gilmore, A.M. and Adams, W.W. 1996. Carotenoids. 3. In vivo function of carotenoids in higher plants. FASEB J. 10: 403-412.
40. Disch, A., Hemmerlin, A., Bach, T.J. and Rohmer, M. 1998. Mevalonate-derived isopentenyl diphosphate is the biosynthetic precursor of ubiquinone prenyl side chain in tobacco BY-2 cells. Biochem. J. 15: 615-621.
41. Eisenreich, W., Rohdich, F. and Bacher, A. 2001. Deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway to terpenoids. Trends Plant Sci. 6: 78-84.
42. Enjuto, M., Balcells, L., Campos, N., Caelles, C., Arro, M. and Boronat, A. 1994. Arabidopsis thaliana contains two differentially expressed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase genes, which encode microsomal forms of the enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 927-931.
43. Espineda, C.E., Linford, A.S., Devine, D. and Brusslan, J.A. 1999. The AtCAO gene, encoding chlorophyll a oxygenase, is required for chlorophyll b synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 10507-10511.
44. Estevez, J.M., Cantero, A., Reindl, A., Reichler, S. and Leon, P. 2001. 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 22901-22909.
45. Frey, M., Chomet, P., Glawischnig, E., Stettner, C., Grün, S., Winklmair, A., Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., Meeley, R.B., Briggs, S.P., Simcox, K. and Gierl, A. 1997. Analysis of a chemical plant defense mechanism in grasses. Science 277: 696-699.
46. 7-sterol-C5-desaturase by functional complementation of a defective yeast mutant. Plant J. 9: 391-398.
47. Gaubier, P., Wu, H.J., Laudie, M., Delseny, M. and Grellet, F. 1995. A chlorophyll synthetase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Gen. Genet. 249: 58-64.
48. Grebenok, R.J., Ohnmeiss, T.E., Yamamoto, A., Huntley, E.D., Galbraith, D.W. and DellaPenna, D. 1998. Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana C-8,7 sterol isomerase: functional and structural similarities to mammalian C-8,7 sterol isomerase/emopamil-binding protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 807-815.
49. Grimm, B. 1990. Primary structure of a key enzyme in plant tetrapyrrole synthesis: glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 4169-4173.
50. Hecht, S., Eisenreich, W. Adam, P., Amslinger, S., Kis, K., Bacher, A., Arigoni, D. and Rohdich, F. 2001. Studies on the nonmevalonate terpene biosynthetic pathway: the role of the GcpE (IspG) protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 14837-14842.
51. Helliwell, C.A., Poole, A., Peacock, W.J. and Dennis, E.S. 1999. Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase catalyzes three steps of gebberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 119: 507-510.
52. Helliwell, C.A., Chandler, P.M., Poole, A., Dennis, E.S. and Peacock, W.J. 2001. The CYP88A cytochrome P450, ent-kaurene acid oxidase, catalyzes three steps of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 2065-2070.
53. Herrera, J.B., Bartel, B., Wison, W.K. and Matsuda, S.P. 1998. Cloning and characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana lupeol synthase gene. Phytochemistry 49: 1905-1911.
54. Higgins D., Thompson J., Gibson T., Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G. and Gibson T.J. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucl. Acids Res. 22: 4673-4680.
55. Hintz, M., Reichenberg, A., Altincicek, B., Bahr, U., Gschwind, R.M., Kollas, A.K., Beck, E., Wiesner, J., Eberl, M. and Jomaa, H. 2001. Identification of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate as a major activator for human γδ T cells in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 509: 317-322.
56. Hörtensteiner S. 1998. NCC malonyltransferase catalyzes the final step of chlorophyll breakdown in rape (Brassica napus). Phytochemistry 49: 953-956.
57. Husselstein, T., Gachotte, D., Desprez, T., Bard, M. and Benveniste, P. 1996. Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a cDNA encoding a sterol C-methyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana results in the synthesis of 24-ethyl sterols. FEBS Lett. 381: 87-92.
58. Husselstein-Muller, T., Schaller, H. and Benveniste, P. 2001. Molecular cloning and expression in yeast of 2,3-oxidosqualene-triterpenoid cyclases from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 45: 75-92.
59. Ishikawa A., Okamoto, H., Iwasaki, Y. and Asahi, T. 2001. A deficiency of coporporphyrinogen III oxidase causes lesion formation in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 27: 89-99.
60. Johnson, T.W., Shen, G., Zybailov, B., Kolling, D., Raetegui, R., Beauparlant, S., Vassiliev, I.R., Bryant, D.A., Jones, D., Golbeck, J.H. and Chitnis, P. 2000. Recruitment of a foreign quinone into the A1 site of photosystem I. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 8523-8530.
61. Kanazin, V., Marek, L.F. and Shoemaker, R.C. 1996. Resistance gene analogs are conserved and clustered in soybean. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 11746-11750.
62. Keller, Y., Bouvier, F., d'Harlingue, A. and Camara, B. 1998. Metabolic compartmentation of plastid prenyllipid biosynthesis. Evidence for the involvement of a multifunctional geranylgeranyl reductase. Eur. J. Biochem. 251: 413-417.
63. Klahre, U., Nogushi T., Fujioka, S., Takatsuto, S., Yokota, T. Nomura, T., Yoshida, S. and Chua, N.H. 1998. The Arabidopsis DIMINUTO/DWARF1 gene encodes a protein involved in sterol biosynthesis. Plant Cell 10: 1677-1690.
64. Kohchi, T., Mukougawa, K., Frankenberg, N., Masuda, M., Yokota, A. and Lagarias, J.C. 2001. The Arabidopsis hy2 gene encodes phytochromobilin synthase, a ferredoxin-dependent biliverdin reductase. Plant Cell 13: 425-436.
65. Koncz, C., Mayerhofer, R., Koncz-Kalman, Z., Nawrath, C., Reiss, B., Redei, G.P. and Schell, J. 1990. Isolation ofa gene encoding a novel chloroplast protein by T-DNA tagging in Arabidopsis thaliana. EMBO J. 9: 1337-1346.
66. Krochko, J.E., Abrams, G.D., Loewen, M.K., Abrams, S.R. and Cutler, A.J. 1998. (+)-Abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. Plant Physiol. 118: 849-860.
67. Kumar, A.M. and Soll, D. 1992. Arabidopsis alternative oxidase sustains Escherichia coli respiration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10842-10846.
68. Kumar, A.M., Csankovszki, G. and Soll, D. 1996. A second and differentially expressed glutamyl-tRNA reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 419-426.
69. Kushiro, M., Nakano, T., Sato, K., Yamagishi, K., Asami, T., Nakano, A., Takatsuto, S., Fujioka, S., Ebizuka, Y. and Yoshida, S. 2001. Obtusifoliol 14α-delnethylase (cyp51) antisense Arabidopsis shows slow growth and long life. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 285: 98-104.
70. Lange, B.M., Rujan, T., Martin, W. and Croteau, R. 2000. Isoprenoid biosynthesis: the evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 13172-13177.
71. Lange, T. 1997. Cloning gibberellin diogygenase genes from pumpkin endosperm by heterologous expression of enzyme activities in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 6553-6558.
72. 7-reductase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 10866-10873.
73. Li, J., Nagpal, P., Vitart, V., McMorris, T.C. and Chory, J. 1996. A role for brassinosteroids in light-dependent development of Arabidopsis. Science 272: 398-401.
74. Lichtenthaler, H.K., Schwender, J., Disch, A. and Rohmer, M. 1997. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids in higher plant chloroplasts proceeds via a mevalonate-independent pathway. FEBS Lett. 400: 271-274.
75. Lim, S.H., Witty, M., Wallace-Cook, A.D., Ilag, L.I. and Smith, A.G. 1994. Porphobilinogen deaminase is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and is targeted to the chloroplasts. Plant Mol. Biol. 26: 863-872.
76. Lin, L.J., Tai, S.S.K., Peng, C.C. and Tzen, J.T.C. 2002. Steroleosin, a sterol-binding dehydrogenase in seed oil bodies. Plant Physiol. 128: 1200-1211.
77. Lopukhina, A., Dettenberg, W., Weiler, E.W. and Holländer-Czytko, H. 2001. Cloning and characterization of a coronatine-regulated tyrosine aminotransferase from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 126: 1678-1687.
78. Lovato, M.A., Hart, E.A., Segura, M.J.R., Giner, J.L. and Matsuda, S.P.T. 2000. Functional cloning of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding cycloeucalenol cycloisomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 13394-13397.
79. Mach, J.M., Castillo, A.R., Hoogstraten, R. and Greenberg, J.T. 2001. The Arabidopsis accelerated cell death gene ACD2 encodes red chlorophyll catabolite reductase and suppresses the spread of disease symptoms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 771-776.
80. Marin, E., Nussaume, L., Quesada, A., Gonneau, M., Sotta, B., Hugueney, P., Frey, A. and Marion-Poll, A. 1996. Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana. EMBO J. 15: 2331-2342.
81. Mayfield, J.A., Fiebig, A., Johnstone, S.E. and Preuss, D. 2001. Gene families from the Arabidopsis thaliana pollen coat proteome. Science 292: 2482-2485.
82. Meganathan, R. 2001. Ubiquinone biosynthesis in microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 203: 131-139.
83. Meskauskiene, R., Nater, M., Goslings, D., Kessler, F., op den Camp, R. and Apel, K. 2001. FLU: a negative regulator of chlorphyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 12826-12831.
84. Mock, H.P., Trainotti, L., Kruse, E. and Grimm, B. 1995. Isolation, sequencing and expression of cDNA sequences encoding uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from tobacco and barley. Plant Mol. Biol. 28: 245-256.
85. Montamat, F., Guilloton, M., Karst, F. and Delrot, S. 1995. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. Gene 167: 197-201.
86. Muramoto, T., Kohchi, T., Yokota, A., Hwang, I. and Goodman, H.M. 1999. The Arabidopsis photomorphogenic mutant hy1 is deficient in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis as a result of a mutation in a plastid heme oxygenase. Plant Cell 11: 335-348.
87. Nakashima, T., Inoue, T., Oka, A., Nishino, T. Osumi, T. and Hata, S. 1995. Cloning, expression, and characterization of cDNAs encoding Arabidopsis thaliana squalene synthase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 2328-2332.
88. Narita, S., Tanaka, R., Ito, T., Okada, K., Taketani, S. and Inokuchi, H. 1996. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA that encodes protoporphyrinogen oxidase of Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 182: 169-175.
89. Nes, W.D. and Venkatramesh, M. 1999. Enzymology of phytosterol transformations. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34: 81-93.
90. Norris, S.R., Barrette, T.R. and DellaPenna, D. 1995. Genetic dissection of carotenoid synthesis in Arabidopsis defines plastoquinone as an essential component of phytoene desaturation. Plant Cell. 7: 2139-2149.
91. Norris, S.R., Shen, X. and DellaPenna, D. 1998. Complementation of the Arabidopsis pds1 mutation with the gene encoding p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Plant Physiol. 117: 1317-1323.
92. Ogura, K. 1999. Isomerase and prenyl transferases. In: D.E. Cane (Ed.) Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry, Vol. 2: Isoprenoids Including Carotenoids and Steroids. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 69-96.
93. Okada, K., Kamiya, Y., Zhu, X., Suzuki, K., Tanaka, K., Nakagawa, T., Matsuda, H. and Kawamukai, M. 1997. Cloning of the sdsA gene encoding solanesyl diphosphate synthase from Rhodobacter capsulatus and its functional expression in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bact. 179: 5992-5998.
94. Okada, K., Saito, T., Nakagawa, T., Kawamukai, M. and Kamiya, Y. 2000. Five geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases expressed in different organs are localized into three subcellular compartments in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 122: 1045-1056.
95. Papenbrock, J., Gräfe, S., Kruse, E., Hänel, F. and Grimm, B. 1997. Mg-chelatase of tobacco: identification of a ChlD cDNA sequence encoding a third subunit, analysis of the interaction of the three subunits with the yeast two-hybrid system, and reconstruction of the enzyme activity by co-expression of recombinant ChlD, ChlH and ChlI. Plant J. 12: 981-990.
96. Park, H., Kreunen, S.S., Cuttries, A.J., DellaPenna, D. and Pogson, B.J. 2002. Identification of the carotenoid isomerase provides insight into carotenoid biosynthesis, prolamellar body formation, and photomorphogenesis. Plant Cell 14: 321-332.
97. Parmryd, I., Andersson, B. and Dallner, G. 1999. Protein prenylation in spinach chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 10074-10079.
98. Pecker, I., Gabbay, R., Cunningham, F.X. and Hirschberg, J. 1996. Cloning and characterization of the cDNA for lycopene β-cyclase from tomato reveals decrease in its expression during fruit ripening. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 807-819.
99. Phillips, A.L., Ward, D.A., Uknes, A., Appleford, N.E., Lange, T. Huttly, A.K., Gaskin, P., Gräbe, J.E. and Hedden, P. 1995. Isolation and expression of three gibberellin 20-oxidase cDNA clones from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 108: 1049-1057.
100. Piel J., Donath, J., Bandemer, K. and Boland, W. 1998. Mevalonate-independent biosynthesis of terpenoid volatiles in plants: induced and constitutive emission of volatiles. Angew. Chem. 37: 2478-2481.
101. Pontoppidan, B. and Kannangara, C.G. 1994. Purification and partial characterisation of barley glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) reductase, the enzyme that directs glutamate to chlorophyll biosynthesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 225: 529-537.
102. Qian, D., Zhou, D., Ju, R., Cramer, C.L. and Yang, Z. 1996. Protein farnesyltransferase in plants: molecular characterization and involvement in cell cycle control. Plant Cell 8: 2381-2394.
103. Querol, J., Campos, N., Imperial, S., Boronat, A. and Rodriguez-Concepcion, M. 2002. Functional analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana gcpE protein involved in plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis. FEBS Lett. 514: 343-346.
104. Riou, C., Tourte, Y., Lacroute, F. and Karst, F. 1994. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana mevalonate kinase by genetic complementation in yeast. Gene 148: 293-297.
105. Rogerson, F.M., LeHoux, J.G. and Mason, J.I. 1995. Expression and characterization of isoforms of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/δ5→4-isomerase in the hamster. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 55: 481-487.
106. Rohdich, F., Wungsintaweekul, J., Eisenreich, W., Richter, G., Schuhr, C.A., Zenk, M.H. and Bacher, A. 2000a. Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 6451-6456.
107. Rohdich, F., Wungsintaweekul, J., Lüttgen, H., Fischer, M., Eisenreich, W., Schuhr, C.A., Fellermeier, M., Schramek, N., Zenk, M.H. and Bacher, A. 2000b. Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase from tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 8251-8256.
108. Rohdich, F., Hecht, S., Gärtner, K., Adam, P., Krieger, C., Amslinger S., Arigoni, D., Bacher, A. and Eisenreich, W. 2002. Studies on the nonmevalonate terpene biosynthetic pathway: metabolic role of IspH (LytB) protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 1158-1163.
109. Rouleau, M., Marsolais, F., Richard, M., Nicolle, L., Voigt, B., Adam, G. and Varin, L. 1999. Inactivation of brassinosteroid biological activity by a salicylate-inducible steroid sulfotransferase from Brassica napus. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 20925-20930.
110. Schäfer, U.A., Reed, D.W., Hunter, D.G., Yao, K., Weninger, A.M., Tsang, E.W., Reaney, M.J., McKenzie, S.L. and Covello, P.S. 1999. An example of intron junctional sliding in the gene families encoding squalene monooxygenase homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. Plant Mol. Biol. 39: 721-728.
111. Schrick, K., Mayer, U., Horrichs, A., Kuhnt, C., Bellini, C., Dangl, J., Schmidt, J. and Jürgens, G. 2000. FACKEL is a sterol C-14 reductase required for organized cell division and expansion in Arabidopsis embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 14: 1471-1484.
112. Schultz, G., Soll, J., Fiedler, E and Schulze-Siebert, D. 1985. Synthesis of prenylquinones in chloroplasts. Physiol. Plant. 64: 123-129.
113. Schwartz, S.H., Tan, B.C., Gage, D.A., Zeevaart, J.A. and McCarty, D.R. 1997. Specific oxidative cleavage of carotenoids by VP14 in maize. Science 276: 1872-1874.
114. Schwender, J., Müller, C., Zeidler, J. and Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1999. Cloning and heterologous expression of a cDNA encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase of Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 455: 140-144.
115. Seo, M., Peeters, A.J., Koiwai, H., Oritani, T., Marion-Poll, A., Zeevart, J.A., Koornneef, M., Kamiya, Y. and Koshiba, T. 2000. The Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) gene product catalyzes the final step in abscisic acid biosynthesis in leaves. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 12908-12913.
116. Shi, J., Gonzales, R.A. and Bhattacharya, M.K. 1996. Identification and characterization of an S-adenosyl-L-methionine: Δ24-sterol-C-methyltransferase cDNA from soybean. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 9384-9389.
117. Shintani, D. and DellaPenna, D. 1998. Elevating the vitamin E content of plants through metabolic engineering. Science 282: 2098-2100.
118. Smith, C.A., Suzuki, J.Y. and Bauer, C.E. 1996. Cloning and characterization of the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene chlM from Synechocystis PCC 6803 by complementation of a bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis mutant of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 1307-1314.
119. Su, Q., Frick, G., Armstrong, G. and Apel, K. 2001. POR C of Arabidopsis thaliana: a third light- and NADPH-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase that is differentially regulated by light. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 805-813.
120. Sun, T.P. and Kamiya, Y. 1994. The Arabidopsis GA1 locus encodes the cyclase ent-kaurene synthetase A of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Cell 6: 1509-1518.
121. Sun, Z., Gantt, E. and Cunningham, F.X. 1996. Cloning and functional analysis of the β-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 24349-24352.
122. Swiezewska, E., Dallner, G., Andersson, B. and Ernster, L. 1993. Biosynthesis of ubiquinone and plastoquinone in the endoplasmatic reticulum-Golgi membranes of spinach leaves. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 1494-1499.
123. Szekeres, M., Németh, K., Koncz-Kálmán, Mathur, J., Kauschmann, A., Altmann, T. Rédei, G.P., Nagy, F., Schell, J. and Koncz, C. 1996. Brassinosteroids rescue the deficiency of CYP90, a cytochrome P450, controlling cell elongation and de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Cell 85: 171-182.
124. Thomas, S.G., Phillips, A.L. and Hedden, P. 1999. Molecular cloning and functional expression of gibberellin 2-oxidases, multifunctional enzymes involved in gibberellin deactivation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 4698-4703.
125. Tsay, Y.H. and Robinson, G.W. 1991. Cloning and characterization of ERG8, an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes phosphomevalonate kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 620-631.
126. Tsuchiya, T., Ohta, H., Okawa, K., Iwamatsu, A., Shimada, H., Masuda, T. and Takamiya, K.I. 1999. Cloning of chlorophyllase, the key enzyme in chlorophyll degradation: finding of a lipase motif and the induction by methyl jasmonate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 15362-15367.
127. Van Poecke, R.M.P., Posthumus, M.A. and Dicke, M. 2001. Herbivore-induced volatile production by Arabidopsis thaliana leads to attraction of the parasitoid Cotesia rubecula: chemical, behavioral, and gene-expression analysis. J. Chem. Ecol. 27: 1911-1928.
128. Vollack, K.U. and Bach, T.J. 1996. Cloning of a cDNA encoding cytosolic acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase from radish by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Physiol. 111: 1097-1107.
129. Warnecke, D.C., Baltrusch, M., Buck, F., Wolter, F.P. and Heinz, E. 1997. UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferase: cloning and functional expression in Escherichia coli. Plant Mol. Biol. 35: 597-603.
130. Watanabe, N., Che, F.S., Iwano, M., Takayama, S., Yoshida, S. and Isogai, A. 2001. Dual targeting of spinach protoporphyrinogen oxidase II to mitochondria and chloroplasts by alternative use of two in-frame initiation codons. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 20474-20481.
131. Wildermuth, M.C., Dewdney, J., Wu, G. and Ausubel, F.M. 2001. Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid for plant defence. Nature 414: 562-565.
132. Williams, J., Phillips, A.L., Gaskin, P. and Hedden, P. 1998. Function and substrate specificity of the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase encoded by the Arabidopsis GA4 gene. Plant Physiol. 117: 559-563.
133. Wu, D., Wright, D.A., Wetzel, C., Voytas, D.F. and Rodermel, S. 1999. The IMMUTANS variegation locus of Arabidopsis defines a mitochondrial alternative oxidase homolog that functions during early chloroplast biogenesis. Plant Cell 11: 43-55.
134. Xu, Y.L., Li, L., Peeters, A.J., Gage, D.A. and Zeevart, J.A. (1995) The GA5 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a multifunctional gibberellin 20-oxidase: molecular cloning and functional expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 6640-6644.
135. Yalovsky, S., Trueblood, C.E., Callan, K.L., Narita, J.O., Jenkins, S.M., Rine, J. and Gruissem, W. 1997. Plant farnesyltransferase can restore yeast Ras signaling and mating. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 1986-1994.
136. Yamaguchi, S., Sun, T. Kawaide, H. and Kamiya, Y. 1998. The GA2 locus of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes ent-kaurene synthase of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 116: 1271-1278.
137. Zhang, L., Tschanz, W.R. and Casey, P.J. 1997. Isolation and characterization of a prenylcysteine lyase from bovine brain. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23354-23359.
138. Zhu, T. and Wang, X. 2000. Large-scale profiling of the Arabidopsis transcriptome. Plant Physiol. 124: 1472-1476.