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1842279656
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J. W. Porter and S. L. Spurgeon, Eds. Wiley, New York
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15
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0001861811
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W. J. Davies and H. G. Jones, Eds. Bios Scientific, Oxford
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I. B. Taylor, in Abscisic Acid, Physiology and Biochemistry, W. J. Davies and H. G. Jones, Eds. (Bios Scientific, Oxford, 1991), pp. 23-37.
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Taylor, I.B.1
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18
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1842323667
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note
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4, catalase (1 mg/ml), and VP14 protein. Assays were incubated for 15 min at 22° to 24°C in a total volume of 100 μl. The appropriate substrate was added in 3 μl of ethanol. The enzyme assay and all subsequent procedures were performed under red light to minimize photo-oxidation of the precursors and products.
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19
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1842315953
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note
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25 product from violaxanthin was 382.2501, with an error of -1.8 ppm.
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20
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1842387384
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data not shown
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S. H. Schwartz, B. C. Tan, D. A. Gage, J. A. D. Zeevaart, D. R. McCarty, data not shown.
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Schwartz, S.H.1
Tan, B.C.2
Gage, D.A.3
Zeevaart, J.A.D.4
McCarty, D.R.5
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21
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1842354688
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note
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3+ + 10 mM ascorbate, 432 ± 8.4.
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22
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0003420682
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Academic Press, New York
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L. Zechmeister, in Cis-Trans Isomeric Carotenoids, Vitamin A, and Arylpolyenes (Academic Press, New York, 1962), p. 85.
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Cis-Trans Isomeric Carotenoids, Vitamin A, and Arylpolyenes
, pp. 85
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Zechmeister, L.1
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23
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1842314097
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note
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2) has a theoretical mass of 234.1620; and the experimentally determined mass was 234.1611, with an error of -3.7 ppm.
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24
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0030606607
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T. Kaneko, et al., DNA Res. 3, 109 (1996).
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DNA Res.
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, pp. 109
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Kaneko, T.1
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27
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0039521802
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P. J. Lea, Ed. Academic Press, New York
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A. D. Parry, in Methods in Plant Biochemistry, P. J. Lea, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1993), vol. 9, pp. 381-402.
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Parry, A.D.1
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31
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1842346736
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note
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2O was added to the reactions. The reaction products were then partitioned three times into an equal volume of ethyl acetate with vigorous stirring on a vortex mixer. The ethyl acetate fractions were pooled and dried, and methyl ABA was added as an injection standard. The samples were stored under Ar at -80°C until analysis. Samples were injected on a μPorasil column (Waters) (30 by 0.4 cm) equilibrated with 90% hexane and 10% ethyl acetate. The column was eluted with a linear gradient to 20% hexane and 80% ethyl acetate over 17 min. A standard curve was constructed by injecting known quantities of the compounds analyzed and integrating the peak areas. The integrated peak area of methyl ABA was used to correct for variations in injections. The correlation coefficients were generally greater than 0.99.
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32
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1842324621
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note
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The carotenoid substrates were isolated from spinach leaves (30). The abal-5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a source of all-trans-zeaxanthin, which was isomerized with iodine (22) and re-chromatographed to isolate 9-cis-zeaxanthin.
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33
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1842306497
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note
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Supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-FGO2-91ER20021, NSF grant IBN-9118377 (J.A.D.Z.), NIH grant RR-00480 to the MSU Mass Spectrometry Facility (D.A.G), and NSF grant IBN-9406692 (D.R.M).
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