메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue , 2002, Pages 101-128

Genetic and epigenetic alterations in colon cancer

Author keywords

DNA methylation; Genomic instability; Mutation

Indexed keywords

APC PROTEIN; BETA CATENIN; MICROSATELLITE DNA; PROTEIN P53; SMAD2 PROTEIN; SMAD4 PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR; WNT PROTEIN;

EID: 0036407230     PISSN: 15278204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.3.022502.103043     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (256)

References (192)
  • 1
    • 0030613249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TbetaRI phosphorylation of Smad2 on Ser465 and Ser467 is required for Smad2-Smad4 complex formation and signaling
    • Abdollah S, Macias-Silva M, Tsukazaki T, Hayashi H, Attisano L, Wrana JL. 1997. TbetaRI phosphorylation of Smad2 on Ser465 and Ser467 is required for Smad2-Smad4 complex formation and signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 272:27678-85
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 27678-27685
    • Abdollah, S.1    Macias-Silva, M.2    Tsukazaki, T.3    Hayashi, H.4    Attisano, L.5    Wrana, J.L.6
  • 3
    • 0028953810 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor β and cell cycle regulation
    • Alexandrow M, Moses H. 1995. Transforming growth factor β and cell cycle regulation. Cancer Res. 55:1452-57
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , pp. 1452-1457
    • Alexandrow, M.1    Moses, H.2
  • 4
    • 0032498328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic structure of the human Smad3 gene and its infrequent alterations in colorectal cancers
    • Arai T, Akiyama Y, Okabe S, Ando M, Endo M, Yuasa Y. 1998. Genomic structure of the human Smad3 gene and its infrequent alterations in colorectal cancers. Cancer Lett. 122:157-63
    • (1998) Cancer Lett. , vol.122 , pp. 157-163
    • Arai, T.1    Akiyama, Y.2    Okabe, S.3    Ando, M.4    Endo, M.5    Yuasa, Y.6
  • 5
    • 0034076511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of cK-ras mutations in human gastrointestinal tumors
    • Arber N, Shapira I, Ratan J, Stem B, Hibshoosh H, et al. 2000. Activation of cK-ras mutations in human gastrointestinal tumors. Gastroenterology 118:1045-50
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.118 , pp. 1045-1050
    • Arber, N.1    Shapira, I.2    Ratan, J.3    Stem, B.4    Hibshoosh, H.5
  • 6
    • 0033195998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response
    • Ashcroft GS, Yang X, Glick AB, Weinstein M, Letterio JL, et al. 1999. Mice lacking Smad3 show accelerated wound healing and an impaired local inflammatory response [see comments]. Nat. Cell Biol. 1:260-66
    • (1999) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 260-266
    • Ashcroft, G.S.1    Yang, X.2    Glick, A.B.3    Weinstein, M.4    Letterio, J.L.5
  • 7
    • 0025634118 scopus 로고
    • p53 gene mutations occur in combination with 17p allelic deletions as late events in colorectal tumorigenesis
    • Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, Jessup JM, Paraskeva C, Markowitz S, et al. 1990. p53 gene mutations occur in combination with 17p allelic deletions as late events in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 50:7717-22
    • (1990) Cancer Res. , vol.50 , pp. 7717-7722
    • Baker, S.J.1    Preisinger, A.C.2    Jessup, J.M.3    Paraskeva, C.4    Markowitz, S.5
  • 9
    • 0034176798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: Epigenetics joins genetics
    • Baylin SB, Herman JG. 2000. DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: Epigenetics joins genetics. Trends Genet. 16:168-74
    • (2000) Trends Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 168-174
    • Baylin, S.B.1    Herman, J.G.2
  • 10
    • 0032562603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta
    • Behrens J, Jerchow BA, Wurtele M, Grimm J, Asbrand C, et al. 1998. Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta. Science 280:596-99
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 596-599
    • Behrens, J.1    Jerchow, B.A.2    Wurtele, M.3    Grimm, J.4    Asbrand, C.5
  • 11
    • 0027232605 scopus 로고
    • Emerging concepts in the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins
    • Bokoch GM, Der CJ. 1993. Emerging concepts in the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins. FASEB J. 7:750-59
    • (1993) FASEB J. , vol.7 , pp. 750-759
    • Bokoch, G.M.1    Der, C.J.2
  • 12
    • 0032534069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute workshop on microsatellite instability for cancer detection and familial predispostion: Development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer
    • Boland C, Thibodeau S, Hamilton S, Sidransky D, Eshleman J, et al. 1998. National Cancer Institute workshop on microsatellite instability for cancer detection and familial predispostion: Development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 58:5248-57
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 5248-5257
    • Boland, C.1    Thibodeau, S.2    Hamilton, S.3    Sidransky, D.4    Eshleman, J.5
  • 13
    • 0029075933 scopus 로고
    • Microallelotyping defines the sequence and tempo of allelic losses at tumour suppressor gene loci during colorectal cancer progression
    • Boland CR, Sato J, Appelman HD, Bresalier RS, Feinberg AP. 1995. Microallelotyping defines the sequence and tempo of allelic losses at tumour suppressor gene loci during colorectal cancer progression. Nat. Med. 1:902-9
    • (1995) Nat. Med. , vol.1 , pp. 902-909
    • Boland, C.R.1    Sato, J.2    Appelman, H.D.3    Bresalier, R.S.4    Feinberg, A.P.5
  • 14
  • 16
    • 0033053116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta- and gamma-catenin mutations, but not E-cadherin inactivation, underlie T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional deregulation in gastric and pancreatic cancer
    • Caca K, Kolligs FT, Ji X, Hayes M, Qian J, et al. 1999. Beta- and gamma-catenin mutations, but not E-cadherin inactivation, underlie T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional deregulation in gastric and pancreatic cancer. Cell Growth Differ. 10:369-76
    • (1999) Cell Growth Differ. , vol.10 , pp. 369-376
    • Caca, K.1    Kolligs, F.T.2    Ji, X.3    Hayes, M.4    Qian, J.5
  • 18
    • 0031750404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of allelic lost at chromosome 18q21 for stage II colorectal cancer
    • Carethers JM, Hawn MT, Greenson JK, Hitchcock CL, Boland CR. 1998. Prognostic significance of allelic lost at chromosome 18q21 for stage II colorectal cancer [see comments]. Gastroenterology 114:1188-95
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 1188-1195
    • Carethers, J.M.1    Hawn, M.T.2    Greenson, J.K.3    Hitchcock, C.L.4    Boland, C.R.5
  • 19
    • 0032528055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of specificity in TGF-beta signal transduction
    • Chen YG, Hata A, Lo RS, Wotton D, Shi Y, et al. 1998. Determinants of specificity in TGF-beta signal transduction. Genes Dev. 12:2144-52
    • (1998) Genes Dev. , vol.12 , pp. 2144-2152
    • Chen, Y.G.1    Hata, A.2    Lo, R.S.3    Wotton, D.4    Shi, Y.5
  • 20
    • 0033858528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic basis of colorectal cancer: Insights into critical pathways of tumorigenesis
    • Chung D. 2000. The genetic basis of colorectal cancer: Insights into critical pathways of tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 119:854-65
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.119 , pp. 854-865
    • Chung, D.1
  • 21
    • 0033529126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metalloproteinase matrilysin is a target of beta-catenin transactivation in intestinal tumors
    • Crawford HC, Fingleton BM, Rudolph-Owen LA, Goss KJ, Rubinfeld B, et al. 1999. The metalloproteinase matrilysin is a target of beta-catenin transactivation in intestinal tumors. Oncogene 18:2883-91
    • (1999) Oncogene , vol.18 , pp. 2883-2891
    • Crawford, H.C.1    Fingleton, B.M.2    Rudolph-Owen, L.A.3    Goss, K.J.4    Rubinfeld, B.5
  • 23
    • 0028060380 scopus 로고
    • Control of angiogenesis in fibroblasts by p53 regulation of thrombospondin-1
    • Dameron KM, Volpert OV, Tainsky MA, Bouck N. 1994. Control of angiogenesis in fibroblasts by p53 regulation of thrombospondin-1. Science 265:1582-84
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1582-1584
    • Dameron, K.M.1    Volpert, O.V.2    Tainsky, M.A.3    Bouck, N.4
  • 24
    • 0030938916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The viral oncoprotein E1A blocks transforming growth factor beta-mediated induction of p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B
    • Datto MB, Hu PP, Kowalik TF, Yingling J, Wang XF. 1997. The viral oncoprotein E1A blocks transforming growth factor beta-mediated induction of p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:2030-37
    • (1997) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 2030-2037
    • Datto, M.B.1    Hu, P.P.2    Kowalik, T.F.3    Yingling, J.4    Wang, X.F.5
  • 25
    • 0034612789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of transforming growth factor beta signaling in cancer
    • de Caestecker MP, Piek E, Roberts A. 2000. Role of transforming growth factor beta signaling in cancer. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 92:1388-402
    • (2000) J. Nat. Cancer Inst. , vol.92 , pp. 1388-1402
    • De Caestecker, M.P.1    Piek, E.2    Roberts, A.3
  • 27
    • 0033135049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation of CpG in a small region of the hMLH1 promoter invariably correlates with the absence of gene expression
    • Deng G, Chen A, Hong J, Chae H, Kim Y. 1999. Methylation of CpG in a small region of the hMLH1 promoter invariably correlates with the absence of gene expression. Cancer Res. 59:2029-33
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 2029-2033
    • Deng, G.1    Chen, A.2    Hong, J.3    Chae, H.4    Kim, Y.5
  • 28
    • 0035950541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation in hMLH1 promoter interferes with its binding to transcription factor CBF and inhibits gene expression
    • Deng G, Chen A, Pong E, Kim YS. 2001. Methylation in hMLH1 promoter interferes with its binding to transcription factor CBF and inhibits gene expression. Oncogene 20:7120-27
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 7120-7127
    • Deng, G.1    Chen, A.2    Pong, E.3    Kim, Y.S.4
  • 29
    • 0033198994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent frameshift mutations of the TCF-4 gene in colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability
    • Duval A, Gayet J, Zhou XP, Iacopetta B, Thomas G, Hamelin R. 1999. Frequent frameshift mutations of the TCF-4 gene in colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res. 59:4213-15
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 4213-4215
    • Duval, A.1    Gayet, J.2    Zhou, X.P.3    Iacopetta, B.4    Thomas, G.5    Hamelin, R.6
  • 33
    • 16044369574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGFβ-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal cancer
    • Eppert K, Scherer S, Ozcelik H, Pirone R, Hoodless P, et al. 1996. MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGFβ-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal cancer. Cell 86:543-52
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 543-552
    • Eppert, K.1    Scherer, S.2    Ozcelik, H.3    Pirone, R.4    Hoodless, P.5
  • 34
    • 0032514366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome number and structure both are markedly stable in RER colorectal cancers and are not destabilized by mutation of p53
    • Eshleman J, Casey G, Kochera M, Sedwick W, Swinler S, et al. 1998. Chromosome number and structure both are markedly stable in RER colorectal cancers and are not destabilized by mutation of p53. Oncogene 17:719-25
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.17 , pp. 719-725
    • Eshleman, J.1    Casey, G.2    Kochera, M.3    Sedwick, W.4    Swinler, S.5
  • 35
    • 0028887597 scopus 로고
    • Increased mutation rate at the hprt locus accompanies microsatellite instability in colon cancer
    • Eshleman J, Lang E, Bowerfind G, Parsons R, Vogelstein B, et al. 1995. Increased mutation rate at the hprt locus accompanies microsatellite instability in colon cancer. Oncogene 10:33-37
    • (1995) Oncogene , vol.10 , pp. 33-37
    • Eshleman, J.1    Lang, E.2    Bowerfind, G.3    Parsons, R.4    Vogelstein, B.5
  • 36
    • 0027374766 scopus 로고
    • TGF beta inhibition of Cdk4 synthesis is linked to cell cycle arrest
    • Ewen ME, Sluss HK, Whitehouse LL, Livingston DM. 1993. TGF beta inhibition of Cdk4 synthesis is linked to cell cycle arrest. Cell 74:1009-20
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 1009-1020
    • Ewen, M.E.1    Sluss, H.K.2    Whitehouse, L.L.3    Livingston, D.M.4
  • 37
    • 0025312728 scopus 로고
    • A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis
    • Fearon E, Vogelstein B. 1990. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 61:759-67
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 759-767
    • Fearon, E.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 38
    • 0002112642 scopus 로고
    • Molecular abnormalities in colon and rectal cancer
    • ed. J Mendelsohn, P Howley, M Israel, L Liotta. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.
    • Fearon ER. 1995. Molecular abnormalities in colon and rectal cancer. In The Molecular Basis of Cancer, ed. J Mendelsohn, P Howley, M Israel, L Liotta, pp. 340-57. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.
    • (1995) The Molecular Basis of Cancer , pp. 340-357
    • Fearon, E.R.1
  • 39
    • 0025056930 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a chromosome 18q gene that is altered in colorectal cancers
    • Fearon ER, Cho KR, Nigro JM, Kern SE, Simons JW, et al. 1990. Identification of a chromosome 18q gene that is altered in colorectal cancers. Science 247:49-56
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 49-56
    • Fearon, E.R.1    Cho, K.R.2    Nigro, J.M.3    Kern, S.E.4    Simons, J.W.5
  • 40
    • 0032892831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal carcinoma is not an indicator of prognosis
    • Feeley K, Fullard J, Heneghan M, Smith T, Maher M, et al. 1999. Microsatellite instability in sporadic colorectal carcinoma is not an indicator of prognosis. J. Pathol. 188:14-17
    • (1999) J. Pathol. , vol.188 , pp. 14-17
    • Feeley, K.1    Fullard, J.2    Heneghan, M.3    Smith, T.4    Maher, M.5
  • 41
    • 0035070046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the APC tumour suppressor gene cause chromosomal instability
    • Fodde R, Kuipers J, Rosenberg C, Smits R, Kielman M, et al. 2001. Mutations in the APC tumour suppressor gene cause chromosomal instability. Nat. Cell Biol. 3:433-38
    • (2001) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 433-438
    • Fodde, R.1    Kuipers, J.2    Rosenberg, C.3    Smits, R.4    Kielman, M.5
  • 42
    • 0029587042 scopus 로고
    • A tale of four syndromes: Familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, attenuated APC and Turcot syndrome
    • Foulkes WD. 1995. A tale of four syndromes: Familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, attenuated APC and Turcot syndrome. Q. J. Med. 88:853-63
    • (1995) Q. J. Med. , vol.88 , pp. 853-863
    • Foulkes, W.D.1
  • 43
    • 0032771825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent 4-bp deletion in exon 9 of the SMAD4/MADH4 gene in familial juvenile polyposis patients
    • Friedl W, Kruse R, Uhlhaas S, Stolte M, Schartmann B, et al. 1999. Frequent 4-bp deletion in exon 9 of the SMAD4/MADH4 gene in familial juvenile polyposis patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25:403-6
    • (1999) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.25 , pp. 403-406
    • Friedl, W.1    Kruse, R.2    Uhlhaas, S.3    Stolte, M.4    Schartmann, B.5
  • 44
    • 0031710654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulated clonal genetic alterations in familial and sporadic colorectal carcinomas with widespread instability in microsatellite sequences
    • Fujiwara T, Stolker JM, Watanabe T, Rashid A, Longo P, et al. 1998. Accumulated clonal genetic alterations in familial and sporadic colorectal carcinomas with widespread instability in microsatellite sequences. Am. J. Pathol. 153:1063-78
    • (1998) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.153 , pp. 1063-1078
    • Fujiwara, T.1    Stolker, J.M.2    Watanabe, T.3    Rashid, A.4    Longo, P.5
  • 45
    • 0027421280 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to inhibition of cell growth by transforming growth factor-beta and its role in oncogenesis
    • Fynan TM, Reiss M. 1993. Resistance to inhibition of cell growth by transforming growth factor-beta and its role in oncogenesis. Crit. Rev. Oncolog. 4:493-540
    • (1993) Crit. Rev. Oncolog. , vol.4 , pp. 493-540
    • Fynan, T.M.1    Reiss, M.2
  • 46
    • 0030963907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical correlates of a 3′ truncating mutation (codons 1982-1983) in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene
    • Gardner RJ, Kool D, Edkins E, Walpole IR, Macrae FA, et al. 1997. The clinical correlates of a 3′ truncating mutation (codons 1982-1983) in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Gastroenterology 113:326-31
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , pp. 326-331
    • Gardner, R.J.1    Kool, D.2    Edkins, E.3    Walpole, I.R.4    Macrae, F.A.5
  • 47
    • 0032545944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • hSmad5 gene, a human hSmad family member: Its full length cDNA, genomic structure, promoter region and mutation analysis in human tumors
    • Gemma A, Hagiwara K, Vincent F, Ke Y, Hancock AR, et al. 1998. hSmad5 gene, a human hSmad family member: Its full length cDNA, genomic structure, promoter region and mutation analysis in human tumors. Oncogene 16:951-56
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.16 , pp. 951-956
    • Gemma, A.1    Hagiwara, K.2    Vincent, F.3    Ke, Y.4    Hancock, A.R.5
  • 48
    • 0027486303 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor beta effects on expression of G1 cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases
    • Geng Y, Weinberg RA. 1993. Transforming growth factor beta effects on expression of G1 cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10315-19
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 10315-10319
    • Geng, Y.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 49
    • 0033555627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational inactivation of transforming growth factor B receptor type II in microsatellite stable colon cancers
    • Grady W, Myeroff L, Swinler S, Rajput A, Thiagalingam S, et al. 1999. Mutational inactivation of transforming growth factor B receptor type II in microsatellite stable colon cancers. Cancer Res. 59:320-24
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 320-324
    • Grady, W.1    Myeroff, L.2    Swinler, S.3    Rajput, A.4    Thiagalingam, S.5
  • 50
    • 0032527902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the type II transforming growth factor-β receptor is coincident with the transformation of human colon adenomas to malignant carcinomas
    • Grady W, Rajput A, Myeroff L, Liu D, Kwon K-H, et al. 1998. Mutation of the type II transforming growth factor-β receptor is coincident with the transformation of human colon adenomas to malignant carcinomas. Cancer Res. 58:3101-4
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 3101-3104
    • Grady, W.1    Rajput, A.2    Myeroff, L.3    Liu, D.4    Kwon, K.-H.5
  • 51
    • 0033816924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation of the CDH1 promoter as the second genetic hit in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
    • Grady WM, Willis J, Guilford PJ, Dunbier AK, Toro TT, et al. 2000. Methylation of the CDH1 promoter as the second genetic hit in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Nat. Genet. 26:16-17
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 16-17
    • Grady, W.M.1    Willis, J.2    Guilford, P.J.3    Dunbier, A.K.4    Toro, T.T.5
  • 52
    • 0030612484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of p21waf1 expression and growth inhibition by transforming growth factor beta involve the tumor suppressor gene DPC4 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
    • Grau AM, Zhang L, Wang W, Ruan S, Evans DB, et al. 1997. Induction of p21waf1 expression and growth inhibition by transforming growth factor beta involve the tumor suppressor gene DPC4 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 57:3929-34
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 3929-3934
    • Grau, A.M.1    Zhang, L.2    Wang, W.3    Ruan, S.4    Evans, D.B.5
  • 53
    • 0034642605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer
    • Gryfe R, Kim H, Hsieh ET, Aronson MD, Holowaty EJ, et al. 2000. Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med. 342:69-77
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 69-77
    • Gryfe, R.1    Kim, H.2    Hsieh, E.T.3    Aronson, M.D.4    Holowaty, E.J.5
  • 54
    • 0030593038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DPC4, a candidate tumor supressor gene at human chromosome 18q21.1
    • Hahn S, Schutte M, Shamsul Hoque A, Moskaluk C, da Costa L, et al. 1996. DPC4, a candidate tumor supressor gene at human chromosome 18q21.1. Science 271:350-53
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 350-353
    • Hahn, S.1    Schutte, M.2    Shamsul Hoque, A.3    Moskaluk, C.4    Da Costa, L.5
  • 55
    • 0028168242 scopus 로고
    • INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest
    • INK4B is a potential effector of TGF-β-induced cell cycle arrest. Nature 371:257-61
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , pp. 257-261
    • Hannon, G.1    Beach, D.2
  • 56
    • 0033230616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal polyposis in mice with a dominant stable mutation of the beta-catenin gene
    • Harada N, Tamai Y, Ishikawa T, Sauer B, Takaku K, et al. 1999. Intestinal polyposis in mice with a dominant stable mutation of the beta-catenin gene. EMBO J. 18:5931-42
    • (1999) EMBO J. , vol.18 , pp. 5931-5942
    • Harada, N.1    Tamai, Y.2    Ishikawa, T.3    Sauer, B.4    Takaku, K.5
  • 57
    • 0030825516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations increasing autoinhibition inactivate tumour suppressors Smad2 and Smad4
    • Hata A, Lo RS, Wotton D, Lagna G, Massague J. 1997. Mutations increasing autoinhibition inactivate tumour suppressors Smad2 and Smad4 [see comments]. Nature 388:82-87
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 82-87
    • Hata, A.1    Lo, R.S.2    Wotton, D.3    Lagna, G.4    Massague, J.5
  • 58
    • 0033615352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR-delta is an APC-regulated target of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
    • He TC, Chan TA, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. 1999. PPAR-delta is an APC-regulated target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cell 99:335-45
    • (1999) Cell , vol.99 , pp. 335-345
    • He, T.C.1    Chan, T.A.2    Vogelstein, B.3    Kinzler, K.W.4
  • 59
    • 0032483439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway
    • He TC, Sparks AB, Rago C, Hermeking H, Zawel L, et al. 1998. Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway [see comments]. Science 281:1509-12
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1509-1512
    • He, T.C.1    Sparks, A.B.2    Rago, C.3    Hermeking, H.4    Zawel, L.5
  • 60
    • 0028152314 scopus 로고
    • Loss of the wild-type MLH1 gene is a feature of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
    • Hemminki A, Peltomaki P, Mecklin JP, Jarvinen H, Salovaara R, et al. 1994. Loss of the wild-type MLH1 gene is a feature of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Nat. Genet. 8:405-10
    • (1994) Nat. Genet. , vol.8 , pp. 405-410
    • Hemminki, A.1    Peltomaki, P.2    Mecklin, J.P.3    Jarvinen, H.4    Salovaara, R.5
  • 61
    • 13144266670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and functional consequences of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma
    • Herman J, Umar A, Polyak K, Graff J, Ahujia N, et al. 1998. Incidence and functional consequences of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:6870-75
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 6870-6875
    • Herman, J.1    Umar, A.2    Polyak, K.3    Graff, J.4    Ahujia, N.5
  • 62
    • 0028845142 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the CDKN2/p16/MTS1 gene is frequently associated with aberrant DNA methylation in all common human cancers
    • Herman JG, Merlo A, Mao L, Lapidus RG, Issa JP, et al. 1995. Inactivation of the CDKN2/p16/MTS1 gene is frequently associated with aberrant DNA methylation in all common human cancers. Cancer Res. 55:4525-30
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , pp. 4525-4530
    • Herman, J.G.1    Merlo, A.2    Mao, L.3    Lapidus, R.G.4    Issa, J.P.5
  • 63
    • 0033104505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-beta induces fibronectin synthesis through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent, Smad4-independent pathway
    • Hocevar BA, Brown TL, Howe PH. 1999. TGF-beta induces fibronectin synthesis through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent, Smad4-independent pathway. EMBO J. 18:1345-56
    • (1999) EMBO J. , vol.18 , pp. 1345-1356
    • Hocevar, B.A.1    Brown, T.L.2    Howe, P.H.3
  • 65
    • 0024535843 scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivity of subclasses of human colon carcinoma cell lines to the growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-β1
    • Hoosein N, McKnight M, Levine A, Mulder K, Childress K, et al. 1989. Differential sensitivity of subclasses of human colon carcinoma cell lines to the growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-β1. Exp. Cell Res. 181:442-53
    • (1989) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.181 , pp. 442-453
    • Hoosein, N.1    McKnight, M.2    Levine, A.3    Mulder, K.4    Childress, K.5
  • 66
    • 0034972978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis
    • Howe JR, Bair JL, Sayed MG, Anderson ME, Mitros FA, et al. 2001. Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat. Genet. 28:184-87
    • (2001) Nat. Genet. , vol.28 , pp. 184-187
    • Howe, J.R.1    Bair, J.L.2    Sayed, M.G.3    Anderson, M.E.4    Mitros, F.A.5
  • 68
    • 0032524069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the SMAD4/DPC4 gene in juvenile polyposis
    • Howe JR, Roth S, Ringold JC, Summers RW, Jarvinen HJ, et al. 1998. Mutations in the SMAD4/DPC4 gene in juvenile polyposis [see comments]. Science 280:1086-88
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1086-1088
    • Howe, J.R.1    Roth, S.2    Ringold, J.C.3    Summers, R.W.4    Jarvinen, H.J.5
  • 69
    • 0025967749 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor beta 1 inhibition of p34cdc2 phosphorylation and histone H1 kinase activity is associated with G1/S-phase growth arrest
    • Howe PH, Draetta G, Leof EB. 1991. Transforming growth factor beta 1 inhibition of p34cdc2 phosphorylation and histone H1 kinase activity is associated with G 1/S-phase growth arrest. Mol. Cell Biol. 11:1185-94
    • (1991) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 1185-1194
    • Howe, P.H.1    Draetta, G.2    Leof, E.B.3
  • 70
    • 0032191407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic cooperation of TFE3 and smad proteins in TGF-beta-induced transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene
    • Hua X, Liu X, Ansari DO, Lodish HF. 1998. Synergistic cooperation of TFE3 and smad proteins in TGF-beta-induced transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene. Genes Dev. 12:3084-95
    • (1998) Genes Dev. , vol.12 , pp. 3084-3095
    • Hua, X.1    Liu, X.2    Ansari, D.O.3    Lodish, H.F.4
  • 72
    • 0028572556 scopus 로고
    • E-cadherin and APC compete for the interaction with beta-catenin and the cytoskeleton
    • Hulsken J, Birchmeier W, Behrens J. 1994. E-cadherin and APC compete for the interaction with beta-catenin and the cytoskeleton. J. Cell Biol. 127:2061-69
    • (1994) J. Cell Biol. , vol.127 , pp. 2061-2069
    • Hulsken, J.1    Birchmeier, W.2    Behrens, J.3
  • 73
    • 0031893470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor gene in right-sided colorectal cancer: Relationship to clinicopathological features and genetic alterations
    • Iacopetta B, Welch J, Soong R, House A, Zhou X, Hamelin R. 1998. Mutation of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor gene in right-sided colorectal cancer: Relationship to clinicopathological features and genetic alterations. J. Pathol. 184:390-95
    • (1998) J. Pathol. , vol.184 , pp. 390-395
    • Iacopetta, B.1    Welch, J.2    Soong, R.3    House, A.4    Zhou, X.5    Hamelin, R.6
  • 74
    • 0032520066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close correlation between mutations of E2F4 and hMSH3 genes in colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability
    • Ikeda M, Orimo H, Moriyama H, Nakajima E, Matsubara N, et al. 1998. Close correlation between mutations of E2F4 and hMSH3 genes in colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res. 58:594-98
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 594-598
    • Ikeda, M.1    Orimo, H.2    Moriyama, H.3    Nakajima, E.4    Matsubara, N.5
  • 75
    • 0033600239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TAK1-NLK-MAPK-related pathway antagonizes signalling between beta-catenin and transcription factor TCF
    • Ishitani T, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Nagai S, Nishita M, Meneghini M, et al. 1999. The TAK1-NLK-MAPK-related pathway antagonizes signalling between beta-catenin and transcription factor TCF. Nature 399:798-802
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 798-802
    • Ishitani, T.1    Ninomiya-Tsuji, J.2    Nagai, S.3    Nishita, M.4    Meneghini, M.5
  • 76
    • 0029078288 scopus 로고
    • Genetic instability associated with adenoma to carcinoma progression in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
    • Jacoby R, Marshall D, Kailas S, Schlack S, Harms B, Love R. 1995. Genetic instability associated with adenoma to carcinoma progression in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Gastroenterology 109:73-82
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.109 , pp. 73-82
    • Jacoby, R.1    Marshall, D.2    Kailas, S.3    Schlack, S.4    Harms, B.5    Love, R.6
  • 77
    • 0028321495 scopus 로고
    • Allelic loss of chromosome 18q and prognosis in colorectal cancer
    • Jen J, Kim H, Piantadosi S, Liu ZF, Levitt RC, et al. 1994. Allelic loss of chromosome 18q and prognosis in colorectal cancer [see comments]. N. Engl. J. Med. 331:213-21
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.331 , pp. 213-221
    • Jen, J.1    Kim, H.2    Piantadosi, S.3    Liu, Z.F.4    Levitt, R.C.5
  • 79
    • 0032538880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication errors: Challenging the genome
    • Jiricny J. 1998. Replication errors: Challenging the genome. EMBO J. 17:6427-36
    • (1998) EMBO J. , vol.17 , pp. 6427-6436
    • Jiricny, J.1
  • 80
    • 0032960181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer epigenetics comes of age
    • Jones P, Laird P. 1999. Cancer epigenetics comes of age. Nat. Genet. 21:163-67
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 163-167
    • Jones, P.1    Laird, P.2
  • 81
    • 0032516862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional characterization of a Smad binding element (SBE) in the JunB promoter that acts as a transforming growth factorbeta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein-inducible enhancer
    • Jonk LJ, Itoh S, Heldin CH, ten Dijke P, Kruijer W. 1998. Identification and functional characterization of a Smad binding element (SBE) in the JunB promoter that acts as a transforming growth factorbeta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein-inducible enhancer. J. Biol. Chem. 273:21145-52
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 21145-21152
    • Jonk, L.J.1    Itoh, S.2    Heldin, C.H.3    Ten Dijke, P.4    Kruijer, W.5
  • 83
    • 0031017268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumors and mismatch repair-defective human tumor cell lines
    • Kane M, Loda M, Gaida G, Lipman J, Mishra R, et al. 1997. Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumors and mismatch repair-defective human tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 57:808-11
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 808-811
    • Kane, M.1    Loda, M.2    Gaida, G.3    Lipman, J.4    Mishra, R.5
  • 86
    • 0028872721 scopus 로고
    • Loss of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion due to mutation of the beta-catenin gene in a human cancer cell line, HSC-39
    • Kawanishi J, Kato J, Sasaki K, Fujii S, Watanabe N, Niitsu Y. 1995. Loss of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion due to mutation of the beta-catenin gene in a human cancer cell line, HSC-39. Mol. Cell Biol. 15:1175-81
    • (1995) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 1175-1181
    • Kawanishi, J.1    Kato, J.2    Sasaki, K.3    Fujii, S.4    Watanabe, N.5    Niitsu, Y.6
  • 87
    • 0026334362 scopus 로고
    • Identification of regulatory sequences in the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene responsive to transforming growth factor beta
    • Keeton MR, Curriden SA, van Zonneveld AJ, Loskutoff DJ. 1991. Identification of regulatory sequences in the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene responsive to transforming growth factor beta. J. Biol. Chem. 266:23048-52
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 23048-23052
    • Keeton, M.R.1    Curriden, S.A.2    Van Zonneveld, A.J.3    Loskutoff, D.J.4
  • 88
    • 0026695813 scopus 로고
    • Genetic changes of both p53 alleles associated with the conversion from colorectal adenoma to early carcinoma in familial adenomatous polyposis and non-familial adenomatous polyposis patients
    • Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Konishi M, Ito S, Seki M, Tanaka K, et al. 1992. Genetic changes of both p53 alleles associated with the conversion from colorectal adenoma to early carcinoma in familial adenomatous polyposis and non-familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Cancer Res. 52:3965-71
    • (1992) Cancer Res. , vol.52 , pp. 3965-3971
    • Kikuchi-Yanoshita, R.1    Konishi, M.2    Ito, S.3    Seki, M.4    Tanaka, K.5
  • 89
    • 0025218491 scopus 로고
    • Autoinduction of transforming growth factor beta 1 is mediated by the AP-1 complex
    • Kim SJ, Angel P, Lafyatis R, Hattori K, Kim KY, et al. 1990. Autoinduction of transforming growth factor beta 1 is mediated by the AP-1 complex. Mol. Cell Biol. 10:1492-97
    • (1990) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1492-1497
    • Kim, S.J.1    Angel, P.2    Lafyatis, R.3    Hattori, K.4    Kim, K.Y.5
  • 90
    • 0034027480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of inactivation of TGF-beta receptors during carcinogenesis
    • Kim SJ, Im YH, Markowitz SD, Bang YJ. 2000. Molecular mechanisms of inactivation of TGF-beta receptors during carcinogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 11:159-68
    • (2000) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 159-168
    • Kim, S.J.1    Im, Y.H.2    Markowitz, S.D.3    Bang, Y.J.4
  • 91
    • 0030592517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer
    • Kinzler K, Vogelstein B. 1996. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell 87:159-70
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 159-170
    • Kinzler, K.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 92
    • 0031717905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-suppressor p53: Implications for tumor development and prognosis
    • Kirsch DG, Kastan MB. 1998. Tumor-suppressor p53: Implications for tumor development and prognosis. J. Clin. Oncol. 16:3158-68
    • (1998) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.16 , pp. 3158-3168
    • Kirsch, D.G.1    Kastan, M.B.2
  • 93
    • 0030813048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in β-catenin are uncommon in colorectal cancer occurring in occasional replication error-positive tumors
    • Kitaeva M, Grogan L, Williams J, Dimond E, Nakahara K, et al. 1997. Mutations in β-catenin are uncommon in colorectal cancer occurring in occasional replication error-positive tumors. Cancer Res. 57:4478-81
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 4478-4481
    • Kitaeva, M.1    Grogan, L.2    Williams, J.3    Dimond, E.4    Nakahara, K.5
  • 94
    • 0029972806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53: Puzzle and paradigm
    • Ko LJ, Prives C. 1996. p53: Puzzle and paradigm. Genes Dev. 10:1054-72
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 1054-1072
    • Ko, L.J.1    Prives, C.2
  • 96
    • 0030054532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular nature of colon tumors in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, familial polyposis, and sporadic colon cancer
    • Konishi M, Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Tanaka K, Muraoka M, Onda A, et al. 1996. Molecular nature of colon tumors in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, familial polyposis, and sporadic colon cancer. Gastroenterology 111:307-17
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 307-317
    • Konishi, M.1    Kikuchi-Yanoshita, R.2    Tanaka, K.3    Muraoka, M.4    Onda, A.5
  • 97
    • 0015043748 scopus 로고
    • Mutation and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma
    • Knudson AG. 1971. Mutation and cancer: Statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68:820-23
    • (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.68 , pp. 820-823
    • Knudson, A.G.1
  • 98
    • 0030911104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TGF-beta family mediator Smad1 is phosphorylated directly and activated functionally by the BMP receptor kinase
    • Kretzschmar M, Liu F, Hata A, Doody J, Massague J. 1997. The TGF-beta family mediator Smad1 is phosphorylated directly and activated functionally by the BMP receptor kinase. Genes Dev. 11:984-95
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 984-995
    • Kretzschmar, M.1    Liu, F.2    Hata, A.3    Doody, J.4    Massague, J.5
  • 99
    • 0029834067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partnership between DPC4 and SMAD proteins in TGF-beta signalling pathways
    • Lagna G, Hata A, Hemmati-Brivanlou A, Massague J. 1996. Partnership between DPC4 and SMAD proteins in TGF-beta signalling pathways. Nature 383:832-36
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 832-836
    • Lagna, G.1    Hata, A.2    Hemmati-Brivanlou, A.3    Massague, J.4
  • 100
    • 16944365288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial colorectal cancer in Ashkenazim due to a hypermutable tract in APC
    • Laken SJ, Petersen GM, Gruber SB, Oddoux C, Ostrer H, et al. 1997. Familial colorectal cancer in Ashkenazim due to a hypermutable tract in APC. Nat. Genet. 17:79-83
    • (1997) Nat. Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 79-83
    • Laken, S.J.1    Petersen, G.M.2    Gruber, S.B.3    Oddoux, C.4    Ostrer, H.5
  • 101
    • 0034703393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline APC variants in patients with multiple colorectal adenomas, with evidence for the particular importance of E1317Q
    • Lamlum H, Al Tassan N, Jaeger E, Frayling I, Sieber O, et al. 2000. Germline APC variants in patients with multiple colorectal adenomas, with evidence for the particular importance of E1317Q. Hum. Mol. Genet. 9:2215-21
    • (2000) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 2215-2221
    • Lamlum, H.1    Al Tassan, N.2    Jaeger, E.3    Frayling, I.4    Sieber, O.5
  • 102
    • 0027235369 scopus 로고
    • Cancer: A death in the life of p53
    • Lane DP. 1993. Cancer: A death in the life of p53. Nature 362:786-87
    • (1993) Nature , vol.362 , pp. 786-787
    • Lane, D.P.1
  • 104
    • 0032542364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic instabilities in human cancers
    • Lengauer C, Kinzler K, Vogelstein B. 1998. Genetic instabilities in human cancers. Nature 396:643-49
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 643-649
    • Lengauer, C.1    Kinzler, K.2    Vogelstein, B.3
  • 105
    • 0030941458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
    • Levine AJ. 1997. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88:323-31
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 323-331
    • Levine, A.J.1
  • 106
    • 0028884312 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor beta activates the promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B through an Sp1 consensus site
    • Li JM, Nichols MA, Chandrasekharan S, Xiong Y, Wang XF. 1995. Transforming growth factor beta activates the promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B through an Sp1 consensus site. J. Biol. Chem. 270:26750-53
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 26750-26753
    • Li, J.M.1    Nichols, M.A.2    Chandrasekharan, S.3    Xiong, Y.4    Wang, X.F.5
  • 107
    • 0026756737 scopus 로고
    • Growth arrest induced by wild-type p53 protein blocks cells prior to or near the restriction point in late G1 phase
    • Lin D, Shields MT, Ullrich SJ, Appella E, Mercer WE. 1992. Growth arrest induced by wild-type p53 protein blocks cells prior to or near the restriction point in late G1 phase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9210-14
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 9210-9214
    • Lin, D.1    Shields, M.T.2    Ullrich, S.J.3    Appella, E.4    Mercer, W.E.5
  • 108
    • 0028859671 scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair gene defects in sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability
    • Liu B, Nicolaides N, Markowitz S, Willson J, Parsons R, et al. 1995. Mismatch repair gene defects in sporadic colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. Nat. Genet. 9:48-53
    • (1995) Nat. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 48-53
    • Liu, B.1    Nicolaides, N.2    Markowitz, S.3    Willson, J.4    Parsons, R.5
  • 109
    • 2942569549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of mismatch repair genes in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer patients
    • Liu B, Parsons R, Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides NC, Lynch HT, et al. 1996. Analysis of mismatch repair genes in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer patients [see comments]. Nat. Med. 2:169-74
    • (1996) Nat. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 169-174
    • Liu, B.1    Parsons, R.2    Papadopoulos, N.3    Nicolaides, N.C.4    Lynch, H.T.5
  • 110
    • 0030690337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual role of the Smad4/DPC4 tumor suppressor in TGF-beta-inducible transcriptional complexes
    • Liu F, Pouponnot C, Massague J. 1997. Dual role of the Smad4/DPC4 tumor suppressor in TGF-beta-inducible transcriptional complexes. Genes Dev. 11:3157-67
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 3157-3167
    • Liu, F.1    Pouponnot, C.2    Massague, J.3
  • 111
    • 0032065913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HNPCC associated with germline mutation in the TGF-beta type II receptor gene
    • Lu SL, Kawabata M, Imamura T, Akiyama Y, Nomizu T, et al. 1998. HNPCC associated with germline mutation in the TGF-beta type II receptor gene. Nat. Genet. 19:17-18
    • (1998) Nat. Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 17-18
    • Lu, S.L.1    Kawabata, M.2    Imamura, T.3    Akiyama, Y.4    Nomizu, T.5
  • 112
    • 0033532623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two divergent signaling pathways for TGF-beta separated by a mutation of its type II receptor gene
    • Lu SL, Kawabata M, Imamura T, Miyazono K, Yuasa Y. 1999. Two divergent signaling pathways for TGF-beta separated by a mutation of its type II receptor gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 259:385-90
    • (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.259 , pp. 385-390
    • Lu, S.L.1    Kawabata, M.2    Imamura, T.3    Miyazono, K.4    Yuasa, Y.5
  • 113
    • 0033200361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ski oncoprotein interacts with the Smad proteins to repress TGF-beta signaling
    • Luo K, Stroschein SL, Wang W, Chen D, Martens E, et al. 1999. The Ski oncoprotein interacts with the Smad proteins to repress TGF-beta signaling. Genes Dev. 13:2196-206
    • (1999) Genes Dev. , vol.13 , pp. 2196-2206
    • Luo, K.1    Stroschein, S.L.2    Wang, W.3    Chen, D.4    Martens, E.5
  • 114
    • 0029833872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome): An updated review
    • Lynch H, Smyrk T. 1996. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome): An updated review. Cancer 78:1149-67
    • (1996) Cancer , vol.78 , pp. 1149-1167
    • Lynch, H.1    Smyrk, T.2
  • 115
    • 13044281685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target genes of beta-catenin-T cell-factor/lymphoid-enhancer-factor signaling in human colorectal carcinomas
    • Mann B, Gelos M, Siedow A, Hanski ML, Gratchev A, et al. 1999. Target genes of beta-catenin-T cell-factor/lymphoidenhancer-factor signaling in human colorectal carcinomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:1603-8
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 1603-1608
    • Mann, B.1    Gelos, M.2    Siedow, A.3    Hanski, M.L.4    Gratchev, A.5
  • 116
    • 0030183051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor supressor activity of the TGF-β pathway in human cancers
    • Markowitz S, Roberts A. 1996. Tumor supressor activity of the TGF-β pathway in human cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 7:93-102
    • (1996) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 93-102
    • Markowitz, S.1    Roberts, A.2
  • 117
    • 0029066689 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the type II TGF-β receptor in colon cancer cells with microsatellite instability
    • Markowitz S, Wang J, Myeroff L, Parsons R, Sun L, et al. 1995. Inactivation of the type II TGF-β receptor in colon cancer cells with microsatellite instability. Science 268:1336-38
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1336-1338
    • Markowitz, S.1    Wang, J.2    Myeroff, L.3    Parsons, R.4    Sun, L.5
  • 118
    • 0029089259 scopus 로고
    • Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: The syndrome, the genes, and historical perspective
    • Marra G, Boland C. 1995. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: The syndrome, the genes, and historical perspective. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 87:1114-25
    • (1995) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.87 , pp. 1114-1125
    • Marra, G.1    Boland, C.2
  • 119
    • 0031780224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic loss on chromosome 18q as a prognostic marker in stage II colorectal cancer
    • Martinez-Lopez E, Abad A, Font A, Monzo M, Ojanguren I, et al. 1998. Allelic loss on chromosome 18q as a prognostic marker in stage II colorectal cancer [see comments]. Gastroenterology 114:1180-87
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 1180-1187
    • Martinez-Lopez, E.1    Abad, A.2    Font, A.3    Monzo, M.4    Ojanguren, I.5
  • 120
    • 0030604542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-β signaling: Receptors, transducers, and mad proteins
    • Massague J. 1996. TGF-β signaling: Receptors, transducers, and mad proteins. Cell 85:947-50
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 947-950
    • Massague, J.1
  • 121
    • 0033036918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in sporadic mucinous colorectal cancers
    • Messerini L, Ciantelli M, Baglioni S, Palomba A, Zampi G, Papi L. 1999. Prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in sporadic mucinous colorectal cancers. Hum. Pathol. 30:629-34
    • (1999) Hum. Pathol. , vol.30 , pp. 629-634
    • Messerini, L.1    Ciantelli, M.2    Baglioni, S.3    Palomba, A.4    Zampi, G.5    Papi, L.6
  • 122
    • 6244256053 scopus 로고
    • Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that is essential for gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis
    • Mishina Y, Suzuki A, Ueno N, Behringer RR. 1995. Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that is essential for gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 9:3027-37
    • (1995) Genes Dev. , vol.9 , pp. 3027-3037
    • Mishina, Y.1    Suzuki, A.2    Ueno, N.3    Behringer, R.R.4
  • 123
    • 0033568145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent mutation of beta-catenin and APC genes in primary colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
    • Miyaki M, Iijima T, Kimura J, Yasuno M, Mori T, et al. 1999. Frequent mutation of beta-catenin and APC genes in primary colorectal tumors from patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 59:4506-9
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 4506-4509
    • Miyaki, M.1    Iijima, T.2    Kimura, J.3    Yasuno, M.4    Mori, T.5
  • 124
    • 0033587156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher frequency of Smad4 gene mutation in human colorectal cancer with distant metastasis
    • Miyaki M, Iijima T, Konishi M, Sakai K, Ishii A, et al. 1999. Higher frequency of Smad4 gene mutation in human colorectal cancer with distant metastasis. Oncogene 18:3098-103
    • (1999) Oncogene , vol.18 , pp. 3098-3103
    • Miyaki, M.1    Iijima, T.2    Konishi, M.3    Sakai, K.4    Ishii, A.5
  • 125
    • 0028291928 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of somatic mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in colorectal tumors
    • Miyaki M, Konishi M, Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Enomoto M, Igari T, et al. 1994. Characteristics of somatic mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in colorectal tumors. Cancer Res. 54:3011-20
    • (1994) Cancer Res. , vol.54 , pp. 3011-3020
    • Miyaki, M.1    Konishi, M.2    Kikuchi-Yanoshita, R.3    Enomoto, M.4    Igari, T.5
  • 126
    • 0030893352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structurally related receptors and antagonists compete for secreted Wnt ligands
    • Moon RT, Brown JD, Yang-Snyder JA, Miller JR. 1997. Structurally related receptors and antagonists compete for secreted Wnt ligands. Cell 88:725-28
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 725-728
    • Moon, R.T.1    Brown, J.D.2    Yang-Snyder, J.A.3    Miller, J.R.4
  • 127
    • 0030949463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC
    • Morin PJ, Sparks AB, Korinek V, Barker N, Clevers H, et al. 1997. Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC [see comments]. Science 275:1787-90
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1787-1790
    • Morin, P.J.1    Sparks, A.B.2    Korinek, V.3    Barker, N.4    Clevers, H.5
  • 128
    • 0025104027 scopus 로고
    • TGFβ stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: New mechanistic insights
    • Moses H, Yang E, Pietonpol J. 1990. TGFβ stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: New mechanistic insights. Cell 63:245-47
    • (1990) Cell , vol.63 , pp. 245-247
    • Moses, H.1    Yang, E.2    Pietonpol, J.3
  • 129
    • 0028987249 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of intracellular beta-catenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein
    • Munemitsu S, Albert I, Souza B, Rubinfeld B, Polakis P. 1995. Regulation of intracellular beta-catenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:3046-50
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 3046-3050
    • Munemitsu, S.1    Albert, I.2    Souza, B.3    Rubinfeld, B.4    Polakis, P.5
  • 130
    • 0028785602 scopus 로고
    • A transforming growth factor β receptor type II gene mutation common in colon and gastric but rare in endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability
    • Myeroff L, Parsons R, Kim S-J, Hedrick L, Cho K, et al. 1995. A transforming growth factor β receptor type II gene mutation common in colon and gastric but rare in endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res. 55:5545-47
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , pp. 5545-5547
    • Myeroff, L.1    Parsons, R.2    Kim, S.-J.3    Hedrick, L.4    Cho, K.5
  • 131
    • 0033584854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Smad7 promoter by direct association with Smad3 and Smad4
    • Nagarajan RP, Zhang J, Li W, Chen Y. 1999. Regulation of Smad7 promoter by direct association with Smad3 and Smad4. J. Biol. Chem. 274:33412-18
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 33412-33418
    • Nagarajan, R.P.1    Zhang, J.2    Li, W.3    Chen, Y.4
  • 132
    • 0025899162 scopus 로고
    • Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients
    • Nishisho I, Nakamura Y, Miyoshi Y, Miki Y, Ando H, et al. 1991. Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients. Science 253:665-69
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 665-669
    • Nishisho, I.1    Nakamura, Y.2    Miyoshi, Y.3    Miki, Y.4    Ando, H.5
  • 133
    • 0011095437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple genetic alterations in gastric cancer
    • ed. T Sugimura, M Sasako. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Ochiai A, Hirohashi S. 1997. Multiple genetic alterations in gastric cancer. In Gastric Cancer, ed. T Sugimura, M Sasako, pp. 87-99. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1997) Gastric Cancer , pp. 87-99
    • Ochiai, A.1    Hirohashi, S.2
  • 134
    • 0028066833 scopus 로고
    • A frequent alteration of p53 gene in carcinoma in adenoma of colon
    • Ohue M, Tomita N, Monden T, Fujita M, Fukunaga M, et al. 1994. A frequent alteration of p53 gene in carcinoma in adenoma of colon. Cancer Res. 54:4798-804
    • (1994) Cancer Res. , vol.54 , pp. 4798-4804
    • Ohue, M.1    Tomita, N.2    Monden, T.3    Fujita, M.4    Fukunaga, M.5
  • 135
    • 0027769633 scopus 로고
    • Restriction of ocular fundus lesions to a specific subgroup of APC mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli patients
    • Olschwang S, Tiret A, Laurent-Puig P, Muleris M, Parc R, Thomas G. 1993. Restriction of ocular fundus lesions to a specific subgroup of APC mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli patients. Cell 75:959-68
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 959-968
    • Olschwang, S.1    Tiret, A.2    Laurent-Puig, P.3    Muleris, M.4    Parc, R.5    Thomas, G.6
  • 136
    • 0001436407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent somatic mutations of the beta-catenin gene in intestinal-type gastric cancer
    • Park WS, Oh RR, Park JY, Lee SH, Shin MS, et al. 1999. Frequent somatic mutations of the beta-catenin gene in intestinal-type gastric cancer. Cancer Res. 59:425760
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 4257-4260
    • Park, W.S.1    Oh, R.R.2    Park, J.Y.3    Lee, S.H.4    Shin, M.S.5
  • 137
    • 0002874089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A distinct tumor suppressor gene locus on chromosome 15q21.1 in sporadic form of colorectal cancer
    • Park WS, Park JY, Oh RR, Yoo NJ, Lee SH, et al. 2000. A distinct tumor suppressor gene locus on chromosome 15q21.1 in sporadic form of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 60:70-73
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 70-73
    • Park, W.S.1    Park, J.Y.2    Oh, R.R.3    Yoo, N.J.4    Lee, S.H.5
  • 138
    • 0028785603 scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability and mutations of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene in colorectal cancer
    • Parsons R, Myeroff L, Liu B, Willson J, Markowitz S, et al. 1995. Microsatellite instability and mutations of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 55:5548-50
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , pp. 5548-5550
    • Parsons, R.1    Myeroff, L.2    Liu, B.3    Willson, J.4    Markowitz, S.5
  • 139
    • 0030882381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations predisposing to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: Database and results of a collaborative study
    • The International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
    • Peltomaki P, Vasen HF. 1997. Mutations predisposing to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: Database and results of a collaborative study. The International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 113:1146-58
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , pp. 1146-1158
    • Peltomaki, P.1    Vasen, H.F.2
  • 140
    • 13044295427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors
    • Pennica D, Swanson TA, Welsh JW, Roy MA, Lawrence DA, et al. 1998. WISP genes are members of the connective tissue growth factor family that are up-regulated in wnt-1-transformed cells and aberrantly expressed in human colon tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14717-22
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 14717-14722
    • Pennica, D.1    Swanson, T.A.2    Welsh, J.W.3    Roy, M.A.4    Lawrence, D.A.5
  • 141
    • 0034283031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent frameshift mutations of RIZ in sporadic gastrointestinal and endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability
    • Piao Z, Fang W, Malkhosyan S, Kim H, Horii A, et al. 2000. Frequent frameshift mutations of RIZ in sporadic gastrointestinal and endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Cancer Res. 60:4701-4
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 4701-4704
    • Piao, Z.1    Fang, W.2    Malkhosyan, S.3    Kim, H.4    Horii, A.5
  • 144
    • 0033035955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic changes defining the genesis, progression, and malignancy potential in solid human tumors: A phenotype/genotype correlation
    • Ried T, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Blegen H, Schrock E, Auer G. 1999. Genomic changes defining the genesis, progression, and malignancy potential in solid human tumors: A phenotype/genotype correlation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25:195-204
    • (1999) Genes Chromosomes Cancer , vol.25 , pp. 195-204
    • Ried, T.1    Heselmeyer-Haddad, K.2    Blegen, H.3    Schrock, E.4    Auer, G.5
  • 148
    • 0030871048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of beta-catenin regulation by the APC tumor suppressor protein correlates with loss of structure due to common somatic mutations of the gene
    • Rubinfeld B, Albert I, Porfiri E, Munemitsu S, Polakis P. 1997. Loss of beta-catenin regulation by the APC tumor suppressor protein correlates with loss of structure due to common somatic mutations of the gene. Cancer Res. 57:4624-30
    • (1997) Cancer Res. , vol.57 , pp. 4624-4630
    • Rubinfeld, B.1    Albert, I.2    Porfiri, E.3    Munemitsu, S.4    Polakis, P.5
  • 149
    • 0030900696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of beta-catenin by genetic defects in melanoma cell lines
    • Rubinfeld B, Robbins P, El-Gamil M, Albert I, Porfiri E, Polakis P. 1997. Stabilization of beta-catenin by genetic defects in melanoma cell lines [see comments]. Science 275:1790-92
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1790-1792
    • Rubinfeld, B.1    Robbins, P.2    El-Gamil, M.3    Albert, I.4    Porfiri, E.5    Polakis, P.6
  • 150
    • 0035834386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phosphatase associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer
    • Saha S, Bardelli A, Buckhaults P, Velculescu VE, Rago C, et al. 2001. A phosphatase associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer. Science 294:1343-46
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1343-1346
    • Saha, S.1    Bardelli, A.2    Buckhaults, P.3    Velculescu, V.E.4    Rago, C.5
  • 151
    • 0033119582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-catenin mutations are more frequent in small colorectal adenomas than in larger adenomas and invasive carcinomas
    • Sarnowitz WS, Powers MD, Spirio LN, Nollet F, van Roy F, Slattery ML. 1999. Beta-catenin mutations are more frequent in small colorectal adenomas than in larger adenomas and invasive carcinomas. Cancer Res. 59:1442-44
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 1442-1444
    • Sarnowitz, W.S.1    Powers, M.D.2    Spirio, L.N.3    Nollet, F.4    Van Roy, F.5    Slattery, M.L.6
  • 152
    • 0028872684 scopus 로고
    • Determination of absolute amounts of GDP and GTP bound to Ras in mammalian cells: Comparison of parental and Ras-overproducing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
    • Scheele JS, Rhee JM, Boss GR. 1995. Determination of absolute amounts of GDP and GTP bound to Ras in mammalian cells: Comparison of parental and Ras-overproducing NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1097-100
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 1097-1100
    • Scheele, J.S.1    Rhee, J.M.2    Boss, G.R.3
  • 153
    • 0344417114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frameshift mutations at mononucleotide repeats in caspase-5 and other target genes in endometrial and gastrointestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype
    • Schwartz S, Yamamoto H, Navarro M, Maestro M, Reventos J, Perucho M. 1999. Frameshift mutations at mononucleotide repeats in caspase-5 and other target genes in endometrial and gastrointestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. Cancer Res. 59:2995-3002
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 2995-3002
    • Schwartz, S.1    Yamamoto, H.2    Navarro, M.3    Maestro, M.4    Reventos, J.5    Perucho, M.6
  • 154
    • 0033605639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of beta-catenin signaling by the B56 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A
    • Seeling JM, Miller JR, Gil R, Moon RT, White R, Virshup DM. 1999. Regulation of beta-catenin signaling by the B56 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Science 283:2089-91
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 2089-2091
    • Seeling, J.M.1    Miller, J.R.2    Gil, R.3    Moon, R.T.4    White, R.5    Virshup, D.M.6
  • 157
    • 0028569767 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen
    • Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, et al. 1994. Interaction of the p53regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen [see comments]. Science 266:1376-80
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 1376-1380
    • Smith, M.L.1    Chen, I.T.2    Zhan, Q.3    Bae, I.4    Chen, C.Y.5
  • 158
    • 0034168495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor suppressor p53: Regulation and function
    • Somasundaram K. 2000. Tumor suppressor p53: Regulation and function. Front. Biosci. 5:D424-37
    • (2000) Front. Biosci. , vol.5
    • Somasundaram, K.1
  • 159
    • 0031781181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype correlations in attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli
    • Soravia C, Berk T, Madlensky L, Mitri A, Cheng H, et al. 1998. Genotype-phenotype correlations in attenuated adenomatous polyposis coli. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62:1290-301
    • (1998) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.62 , pp. 1290-1301
    • Soravia, C.1    Berk, T.2    Madlensky, L.3    Mitri, A.4    Cheng, H.5
  • 160
    • 0030613262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of Ser465 and Ser467 in the C terminus of Smad2 mediates interaction with Smad4 and is required for transforming growth factor-beta signaling
    • Souchelnytskyi S, Tamaki K, Engstrom U, Wernstedt C, ten Dijke P, Heldin CH. 1997. Phosphorylation of Ser465 and Ser467 in the C terminus of Smad2 mediates interaction with Smad4 and is required for transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 272:28107-15
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 28107-28115
    • Souchelnytskyi, S.1    Tamaki, K.2    Engstrom, U.3    Wernstedt, C.4    Ten Dijke, P.5    Heldin, C.H.6
  • 161
    • 0032521433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis of the APC/beta-catenin/Tcf pathway in colorectal cancer
    • Sparks AB, Morin PJ, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. 1998. Mutational analysis of the APC/beta-catenin/Tcf pathway in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 58:1130-34
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 1130-1134
    • Sparks, A.B.1    Morin, P.J.2    Vogelstein, B.3    Kinzler, K.W.4
  • 162
    • 0027724691 scopus 로고
    • Alleles of the APC gene: An attenuated form of familial polyposis
    • Spirio L, Olschwang S, Groden J, Robertson M, Sarnowitz W, et al. 1993. Alleles of the APC gene: An attenuated form of familial polyposis. Cell 75:951-57
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 951-957
    • Spirio, L.1    Olschwang, S.2    Groden, J.3    Robertson, M.4    Sarnowitz, W.5
  • 163
    • 0031772123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleles of APC modulate the frequency and classes of mutations that lead to colon polyps
    • Spirio LN, Sarnowitz W, Robertson J, Robertson M, Burt RW, et al. 1998. Alleles of APC modulate the frequency and classes of mutations that lead to colon polyps. Nat. Genet. 20:385-88
    • (1998) Nat. Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 385-388
    • Spirio, L.N.1    Sarnowitz, W.2    Robertson, J.3    Robertson, M.4    Burt, R.W.5
  • 165
    • 0027756014 scopus 로고
    • Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins
    • Su LK, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. 1993. Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science 262:1734-37
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 1734-1737
    • Su, L.K.1    Vogelstein, B.2    Kinzler, K.W.3
  • 166
    • 0029808666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic alterations of the DPC4 gene in human colorectal cancers in vivo
    • Takagi Y, Kohmura H, Futamura M, Kida H, Tanemura H, et al. 1996. Somatic alterations of the DPC4 gene in human colorectal cancers in vivo. Gastroenterology 111:1369-72
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.111 , pp. 1369-1372
    • Takagi, Y.1    Kohmura, H.2    Futamura, M.3    Kida, H.4    Tanemura, H.5
  • 168
    • 0032489508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal tumorigenesis in compound mutant mice of both Dpc4 (Smad4) and Apc genes
    • Takaku K, Oshima M, Miyoshi H, Matsui M, Seldin M, Taketo M. 1998. Intestinal tumorigenesis in compound mutant mice of both Dpc4 (Smad4) and Apc genes. Cell 92:645-56
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 645-656
    • Takaku, K.1    Oshima, M.2    Miyoshi, H.3    Matsui, M.4    Seldin, M.5    Taketo, M.6
  • 169
    • 0031843618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation analysis of the Smad2 gene in human colon cancers using genomic DNA and intron primers
    • Takenoshita S, Tani M, Mogi A, Nagashima M, Nagamachi Y, et al. 1998. Mutation analysis of the Smad2 gene in human colon cancers using genomic DNA and intron primers. Carcinogenesis 19:803-7
    • (1998) Carcinogenesis , vol.19 , pp. 803-807
    • Takenoshita, S.1    Tani, M.2    Mogi, A.3    Nagashima, M.4    Nagamachi, Y.5
  • 170
    • 0033119801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells
    • Tetsu O, McCormick F. 1999. Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells. Nature 398:422-26
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 422-426
    • Tetsu, O.1    McCormick, F.2
  • 172
    • 0033563165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of differentially methylated sequences in colorectal cancer by methylated CpG island amplification
    • Toyota M, Ho C, Ahuja N, Jair KW, Li Q, et al. 1999. Identification of differentially methylated sequences in colorectal cancer by methylated CpG island amplification. Cancer Res. 59:2307-12
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , pp. 2307-2312
    • Toyota, M.1    Ho, C.2    Ahuja, N.3    Jair, K.W.4    Li, Q.5
  • 173
    • 0028086408 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence that one of the earliest alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis involves APC
    • Tsao J, Shibata D. 1994. Further evidence that one of the earliest alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis involves APC. Am. J. Pathol. 145:531-34
    • (1994) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.145 , pp. 531-534
    • Tsao, J.1    Shibata, D.2
  • 174
    • 0032428684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SARA, a FYVE domain protein that recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor
    • Tsukazaki T, Chiang TA, Davison AF, Attisano L, Wrana JL. 1998. SARA, a FYVE domain protein that recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptor. Cell 95:779-91
    • (1998) Cell , vol.95 , pp. 779-791
    • Tsukazaki, T.1    Chiang, T.A.2    Davison, A.F.3    Attisano, L.4    Wrana, J.L.5
  • 175
    • 13144307115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biallelic inactivation of hMLH1 by epigenetic gene silencing, a novel mechanism causing human MSI cancers
    • Veigl M, Kasturi L, Olechnowicz J, Ma A, Lutterbaugh J, et al. 1998. Biallelic inactivation of hMLH1 by epigenetic gene silencing, a novel mechanism causing human MSI cancers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:8698-702
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 8698-8702
    • Veigl, M.1    Kasturi, L.2    Olechnowicz, J.3    Ma, A.4    Lutterbaugh, J.5
  • 178
    • 0034646674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad3 and Smad4 mediate transcriptional activation of the human Smad7 promoter by transforming growth factor beta
    • von Gersdorff G, Susztak K, Rezvani F, Bitzer M, Liang D, Bottinger EP. 2000. Smad3 and Smad4 mediate transcriptional activation of the human Smad7 promoter by transforming growth factor beta. J. Biol. Chem. 275:11320-26
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 11320-11326
    • Von Gersdorff, G.1    Susztak, K.2    Rezvani, F.3    Bitzer, M.4    Liang, D.5    Bottinger, E.P.6
  • 179
    • 0029131403 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration that mutation of the type II transforming growth factor β receptor inactivates its tumor supressor activity in replication errorpositive colon carcinoma cells
    • Wang J, Sun L, Myeroff L, Wang X, Gentry L, et al. 1995. Demonstration that mutation of the type II transforming growth factor β receptor inactivates its tumor supressor activity in replication errorpositive colon carcinoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270:22044-49
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 22044-22049
    • Wang, J.1    Sun, L.2    Myeroff, L.3    Wang, X.4    Gentry, L.5
  • 180
    • 0032500792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of the PPP2R1B gene in human lung and colon cancer
    • Wang SS, Esplin ED, Li JL, Huang L, Gazdar A, et al. 1998. Alterations of the PPP2R1B gene in human lung and colon cancer. Science 282:284-87
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 284-287
    • Wang, S.S.1    Esplin, E.D.2    Li, J.L.3    Huang, L.4    Gazdar, A.5
  • 181
    • 0035912144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular predictors of survival after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer
    • Watanabe T, Wu TT, Catalano PJ, Ueki T, Satriano R, et al. 2001. Molecular predictors of survival after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:1196-206
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , pp. 1196-1206
    • Watanabe, T.1    Wu, T.T.2    Catalano, P.J.3    Ueki, T.4    Satriano, R.5
  • 182
    • 7344243778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDX2, a human homologue of Drosophila caudal, is mutated in both alleles in a replication error positive colorectal cancer
    • Wicking C, Simms LA, Evans T, Walsh M, Chawengsaksophak K, et al. 1998. CDX2, a human homologue of Drosophila caudal, is mutated in both alleles in a replication error positive colorectal cancer. Oncogene 17:657-59
    • (1998) Oncogene , vol.17 , pp. 657-659
    • Wicking, C.1    Simms, L.A.2    Evans, T.3    Walsh, M.4    Chawengsaksophak, K.5
  • 183
    • 0032552239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical findings with implications for genetic testing in families with clustering of colorectal cancer
    • Wijnen JT, Vasen HF, Khan PM, Zwinderman AH, van der Klift H, et al. 1998. Clinical findings with implications for genetic testing in families with clustering of colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 339:511-18
    • (1998) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.339 , pp. 511-518
    • Wijnen, J.T.1    Vasen, H.F.2    Khan, P.M.3    Zwinderman, A.H.4    Van der Klift, H.5
  • 184
    • 0032979988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad3-Smad4 and AP-1 complexes synergize in transcriptional activation of the c-Jun promoter by transforming growth factor beta
    • Wong C, Rougier-Chapman EM, Frederick JP, Datto MB, Liberati NT, et al. 1999. Smad3-Smad4 and AP-1 complexes synergize in transcriptional activation of the c-Jun promoter by transforming growth factor beta. Mol. Cell Biol. 19:1821-30
    • (1999) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1821-1830
    • Wong, C.1    Rougier-Chapman, E.M.2    Frederick, J.P.3    Datto, M.B.4    Liberati, N.T.5
  • 185
    • 0034194138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic loss at SMAD4 in polyps from juvenile polyposis patients and use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to demonstrate clonal origin of the epithelium
    • Woodford-Richens K, Williamson J, Bevan S, Young J, Leggett B, et al. 2000. Allelic loss at SMAD4 in polyps from juvenile polyposis patients and use of fluorescence in situ hybridization to demonstrate clonal origin of the epithelium. Cancer Res. 60:2477-82
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , pp. 2477-2482
    • Woodford-Richens, K.1    Williamson, J.2    Bevan, S.3    Young, J.4    Leggett, B.5
  • 186
    • 0031551133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction. Mad about SMADs
    • Wrana J, Pawson T. 1997. Signal transduction. Mad about SMADs. Nature 388:28-29
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 28-29
    • Wrana, J.1    Pawson, T.2
  • 187
    • 0034611611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haploid loss of the tumor suppressor Smad4/Dpc4 initiates gastric polyposis and cancer in mice
    • Xu X, Brodie SG, Yang X, Im YH, Parks WT, et al. 2000. Haploid loss of the tumor suppressor Smad4/Dpc4 initiates gastric polyposis and cancer in mice. Oncogene 19:1868-74
    • (2000) Oncogene , vol.19 , pp. 1868-1874
    • Xu, X.1    Brodie, S.G.2    Yang, X.3    Im, Y.H.4    Parks, W.T.5
  • 188
    • 0032032682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic frameshift mutations in DNA mismatch repair and proapoptosis genes in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
    • Yamamoto H, Sawai H, Weber T, Rodriguez-Bigas M, Perucho M. 1998. Somatic frameshift mutations in DNA mismatch repair and proapoptosis genes in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 58:997-1003
    • (1998) Cancer Res. , vol.58 , pp. 997-1003
    • Yamamoto, H.1    Sawai, H.2    Weber, T.3    Rodriguez-Bigas, M.4    Perucho, M.5
  • 190
    • 0029786212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-β response
    • Zhang Y, Feng X-H, Wu R-Y, Derynck R. 1996. Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-β response. Nature 383:168-72
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 168-172
    • Zhang, Y.1    Feng, X.-H.2    Wu, R.-Y.3    Derynck, R.4
  • 191
    • 0033602671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I and type II receptors are both required for TGF-beta-mediated extracellular matrix production in lung fibroblasts
    • Zhao Y. 1999. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I and type II receptors are both required for TGF-beta-mediated extracellular matrix production in lung fibroblasts. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 150:91-97
    • (1999) Mol. Cell Endocrinol. , vol.150 , pp. 91-97
    • Zhao, Y.1
  • 192
    • 0032544448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad3 mutant mice develop metastatic colorectal cancer
    • Zhu Y, Richardson J, Parada L, Graff J. 1998. Smad3 mutant mice develop metastatic colorectal cancer. Cell 94:703-14
    • (1998) Cell , vol.94 , pp. 703-714
    • Zhu, Y.1    Richardson, J.2    Parada, L.3    Graff, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.