Transforming growth factor-β and breast cancer: Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling defects and cancer

Breast Cancer Research

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 107-115

  Kretzschmar, M ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Growth inhibition; SMAD proteins; Transforming growth factor (TGF) ; Tumor suppressor

Indexed keywords

CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; REGULATOR PROTEIN; SMAD PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

BREAST CANCER; BREAST CARCINOGENESIS; CANCER; CANCER CELL; CANCER INHIBITION; CELL CYCLE G1 PHASE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MUTATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINE; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, ENZYMOLOGIC; HUMANS; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMAD2 PROTEIN; SMAD3 PROTEIN; TRANS-ACTIVATORS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC; TRANSFECTION; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 0034469045     PISSN: 14655411     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/bcr42     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. TGFβ signal transduction
2. The multifunctional role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-βs on mammary epithelial cell biology
3. Transforming growth factor-β in breast cancer: A working hypothesis
4. Mammary tumor suppression by transforming growth factor beta 1 transgene expression
5. TGF-β1 and Ha-Ras collaborate in modulating the phenotypic plasticity and invasiveness of epithelial tumor cells
6. Transforming growth factor β stimulates mammary adenocarcinoma cell invasion and metastatic potential
7. TGF-β signaling blockade inhibits PTHrP secretion by breast cancer cells and bone metastases development
8. TGFβ signaling is necessary for carcinoma cell invasiveness and metastasis
9. Resistance to inhibition of cell growth by transforming growth factor-β and its role in oncogenesis
10. Transforming growth factor β and cell cycle regulation
11. SMADs: Mediators and regulators of TGFβ family signaling
12. Smads: Transcriptional activators of TGF-β responses
13. Inactivation of the type II TGF-β receptor in colon cancer cells with microsatellite instability
14. A transforming growth factor β receptor type II gene mutation common in colon and gastric but rare in endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability
15. Microsatellite instability and mutations of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene in colorectal cancer
16. Mutational inactivation of transforming growth factor β receptor type II in microsatellite stable colon
17. Mutational analysis of activin/transforming growth factor-β type I and type II receptor kinases in human pituitary tumors
18. Microsatellite instability is an early genetic event in myelodysplastic syndrome but is infrequent and not associated with TGF-β receptor type II gene mutation
19. Novel mutations in the polyadenine tract of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene are found in a subpopulation of human pancreatic adenocarcinomas
20. Mutation analysis of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor in sporadic human cancers of the pancreas, liver, and breast
21. Transforming growth factor β type I receptor kinase mutant associated with metastatic breast cancer
22. Absence of mutations in the analysis of coding sequences of the entire transforming growth factor-β type II receptor gene in sporadic human breast cancers
23. Analyses of microsatellite instability and the transforming growth factor-β receptor type II gene mutation in sporadic breast cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological features
24. Mutation analysis of the transforming growth factor-β type II receptor in human cell lines resistant to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-β
25. Tumor suppressor activity of the TGF-β pathway in human cancers
26. Genetic alterations of the transforming growth factor β receptor genes in pancreatic and biliary adenocarcinomas
27. A deletion in the gene for transforming growth factor β type I receptor abolishes growth regulation by transforming growth factor β in a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
28. Structural alterations of transforming growth factor-β receptor genes in human cervical carcinoma
29. TβR-I(6A) is a candidate tumor susceptibility allele
30. The S387Y mutations of the transforming growth factor-β receptor type I gene is uncommon in metastases of breast cancer and other common types of adenocarcinoma
31. DPC4, a candidate tumor suppressor gene at human chromosome 18q21.1
32. Allelic loss and mutational analysis of the DPC4 gene in esophageal adenocarcinoma
33. DPC4, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, is altered infrequently in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
34. Mutation analysis of transforming growth factor β type II receptor, Smad2, and Smad4 in hepatocellular carcinoma
35. Expression and mutational analysis of the DCC, DPC4, and MADR2/JV18-1 genes in neuroblastoma
36. Somatic in vivo alterations of the DPC4 gene at 18q21 in human lung cancers
37. DPC4 gene in various tumor types
38. MADR2 maps to 18q21 and encodes a TGFβ-regulated MAD-related protein that is functionally mutated in colorectal carcinoma
39. Higher frequency of Smad4 gene mutation in human colorectal cancer with distant metastasis
40. Mad-related genes in the human
41. Somatic alterations of the SMAD-2 gene in human colorectal cancers
42. Somatic in vivo alterations of the JV18-1 gene at 18q21 in human lung cancers
43. Screening SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD5 for germline mutations in juvenile polyposis syndrome
44. Molecular analyses of the 15q and 18q SMAD genes in pancreatic cancer
45. Analysis of the Smad2 gene in hematological malignancies
46. Expression and mutational analysis of the MADR2/Smad2 gene in human prostate cancer
47. MAD-related genes on 18q21.1, Smad2 and Smad4, are altered infrequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
48. SMAD genes in juvenile polyposis
49. No mutations of the Smad2 gene in human sporadic gastric carcinomas
50. Mutational analysis of the tumor suppressor Smad2 in acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia
51. Mapping of a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene locus to a 4-cM interval on chromosome 18q21
52. Genomic structure of the human Smad3 gene and its infrequent alterations in colorectal cancers
53. Frequency of Smad mutations in human cancers
54. Mutation analysis of the smad3 gene in human ovarian cancers
55. Resistance to transforming growth factor β and activin due to reduced receptor expression in human breast tumor cell lines
56. Expression of transforming growth factor-β receptor type II and tumorigenicity in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells
57. Expression of transforming growth factor β type II receptor leads to reduced malignancy in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
58. Expression and secretion of TGF-β isoforms and expression of TGF-β-receptors I, II and III in normal and neoplastic human breast
59. Attenuated ALK5 receptor expression in human pancreatic cancer: Correlation with resistance to growth inhibition
60. Transfection of the type I TGF-β receptor restores TGF-β responsiveness in pancreatic cancer
61. Reduced expression of transforming growth factor β type I receptor contributes to the malignancy of human colon carcinoma cells
62. Loss of functional cell surface transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type 1 receptor correlates with insensitivity to TGF-β in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
63. Expression profile of agonistic Smads in human breast cancer cells: Absence of regulation by estrogens
64. A mechanism of repression of TGFβ/Smad signaling by oncogenic Ras
65. Smad4/DPC4 silencing and hyperactive ras jointly disrupt transforming growth factor-β antiproliferative responses in colon cancer cells
66. How do small GTPase signal transduction pathways regulate cell cycle entry?
67. Incidence of activating ras oncogene mutations associated with primary and metastatic human breast cancer
68. The molecular biology of breast cancer: Accelerating clinical applications
69. HER-2/neu gene amplification characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization: Poor prognosis in node-negative breast carcinomas
70. Human breast cancer: Correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene
71. The type I growth factor receptors in human breast cancer
72. Clinical significance of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in primary breast cancer
73. Smad2 transduces common signals from receptor serine-threonine and tyrosine kinases
74. Specificity, diversity, and regulation in TGF-β superfamily signaling
75. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer
76. The MAD-related protein Smad7 associates with the TGFβ receptor and functions as an antagonist of TGFβ signaling
77. Smad6 inhibits signalling by the TGF-β superfamily
78. Identification of Smad7, a TGFβ-inducible antagonist of TGF-β signaling
79. Smad6 inhibits BMP/Smad1 signaling by specifically competing with the Smad4 tumor suppressor
80. Induction of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 mRNA by TGF-β family members
81. Induction of Smad6 mRNA by bone morphogenetic proteins
82. Smad6 suppresses TGF-β-induced growth inhibition in COLO-357 pancreatic cancer cells and is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer
83. The TGF-β signaling inhibitor Smad7 enhances tumorigenicity in pancreatic cancer
84. Expression of Smad proteins in human colorectal cancer
85. c-Ski acts as a transcriptional Co-repressor in transforming growth factor-β signaling through interaction with Smads
86. The Ski oncoprotein interacts with the Smad proteins to repress TGFβ signaling
87. Negative feedback regulation of TGF-β signaling by the SnoN oncoprotein
88. SnoN and ski protooncoproteins are rapidly degraded in response to transforming growth factor β signaling
89. Interaction of the Ski oncoprotein with Smad3 regulates TGF-β signaling
90. A Smad transcriptional corepressor
91. Ski is a component of the histone deacetylase complex required for transcriptional repression by Mad and thyroid hormone receptor
92. Histone acetylases and deacetylases in cell proliferation
93. Activation of the c-ski oncogene by overexpression
94. Expression of the c-ski proto-oncogene in human melanoma cell lines
95. Isolation of human cDNA clones of ski and the ski-related gene, sno
96. Endometrial expression of cellular protooncogene c-ski and its regulation by estradiol-17β
97. The EVI1 gene in myeloid leukemia
98. The oncoprotein Evi-1 represses TGF-β signalling by inhibiting Smad3
99. The t(3;21) fusion product, AML1/Evi-1, interacts with Smad3 and blocks transforming growth factor-β-mediated growth inhibition of myeloid cells
100. Expression of the zinc finger gene EVI-1 in ovarian and other cancers
101. The AML1/Evi-1 fusion protein in the t(3;21) translocation exhibits transforming activity on Rat1 fibroblasts with dependence on the Evi-1 sequence
102. Loss of cell cycle control by deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 kinase activity in Evi-1 transformed fibroblasts
103. Silencing of TGF-β signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI
104. Expression of nma, a novel gene, inversely correlates with the metastatic potential of human melanoma cell lines and xenografts
105. Transforming growth factor-β and breast cancer: Cell cycle arrest by transforming growth factor-β and its disruption in cancer