메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 84-100

Apathy associated with neurocognitive disorders: Recent progress and future directions

(15)  Lanctôt, Krista L a,b   Agüera Ortiz, Luis c,d   Brodaty, Henry e   Francis, Paul T f   Geda, Yonas E g   Ismail, Zahinoor h   Marshall, Gad A i   Mortby, Moyra E j   Onyike, Chiadi U k   Padala, Prasad R l,m   Politis, Antonios M n   Rosenberg, Paul B o   Siegel, Emma e   Sultzer, David L p   Abraham, Eleenor H a  

a Canada   (Canada)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease (AD); Apathy; Mild behavioral impairment (MBI); Neurocognitive disorders (NCD); neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS)

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID; TAU PROTEIN;

EID: 84996773938     PISSN: 15525260     EISSN: 15525279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (164)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 0025156861 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy
    • [1] Marin, R.S., Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am J Psychiatry 147 (1990), 22–30.
    • (1990) Am J Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 22-30
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 2
    • 0025899466 scopus 로고
    • Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome
    • [2] Marin, R.S., Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 3 (1991), 243–254.
    • (1991) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 243-254
    • Marin, R.S.1
  • 3
    • 0003472502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5
    • American Psychiatric Association Washington, D.C.
    • [3] American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. 2013, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.
    • (2013)
  • 4
    • 67649286240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy: a common psychiatric syndrome in the elderly
    • [4] Ishii, S., Weintraub, N., Mervis, J.R., Apathy: a common psychiatric syndrome in the elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc 10 (2009), 381–393.
    • (2009) J Am Med Dir Assoc , vol.10 , pp. 381-393
    • Ishii, S.1    Weintraub, N.2    Mervis, J.R.3
  • 5
    • 60849137194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders
    • [5] Robert, P., Onyike, C.U., Leentjens, A.F., Dujardin, K., Aalten, P., Starkstein, S., et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur Psychiatry 24 (2009), 98–104.
    • (2009) Eur Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 98-104
    • Robert, P.1    Onyike, C.U.2    Leentjens, A.F.3    Dujardin, K.4    Aalten, P.5    Starkstein, S.6
  • 6
    • 84883557180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: past progress and anticipation of the future
    • [6] Geda, Y.E., Schneider, L.S., Gitlin, L.N., Miller, D.S., Smith, G.S., Bell, J., et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: past progress and anticipation of the future. Alzheimers Dement 9 (2013), 602–608.
    • (2013) Alzheimers Dement , vol.9 , pp. 602-608
    • Geda, Y.E.1    Schneider, L.S.2    Gitlin, L.N.3    Miller, D.S.4    Smith, G.S.5    Bell, J.6
  • 7
    • 77952376620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do people become more apathetic as they grow older? A longitudinal study in healthy individuals
    • [7] Brodaty, H., Altendorf, A., Withall, A., Sachdev, P., Do people become more apathetic as they grow older? A longitudinal study in healthy individuals. Int Psychogeriatr 22 (2010), 426–436.
    • (2010) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.22 , pp. 426-436
    • Brodaty, H.1    Altendorf, A.2    Withall, A.3    Sachdev, P.4
  • 8
    • 0029986928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of referral bias on clinical and epidemiological studies of Alzheimer's disease
    • [8] Kokmen, E., Ozsarfati, Y., Beard, C.M., O'Brien, P.C., Rocca, W.A., Impact of referral bias on clinical and epidemiological studies of Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Epidemiol 49 (1996), 79–83.
    • (1996) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.49 , pp. 79-83
    • Kokmen, E.1    Ozsarfati, Y.2    Beard, C.M.3    O'Brien, P.C.4    Rocca, W.A.5
  • 9
    • 0029901395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of sample selection on APOE epsilon 4 allele frequency: a comparison of two Alzheimer's disease samples
    • [9] Tsuang, D., Kukull, W., Sheppard, L., Barnhart, R.L., Peskind, E., Edland, S.D., et al. Impact of sample selection on APOE epsilon 4 allele frequency: a comparison of two Alzheimer's disease samples. J Am Geriatr Soc 44 (1996), 704–707.
    • (1996) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.44 , pp. 704-707
    • Tsuang, D.1    Kukull, W.2    Sheppard, L.3    Barnhart, R.L.4    Peskind, E.5    Edland, S.D.6
  • 10
    • 0029887389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease
    • [10] Mega, M.S., Cummings, J.L., Fiorello, T., Gornbein, J., The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 46 (1996), 130–135.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 130-135
    • Mega, M.S.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Fiorello, T.3    Gornbein, J.4
  • 13
    • 0037174346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study
    • [13] Lyketsos, C.G., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A.L., Breitner, J., DeKosky, S., Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA 288 (2002), 1475–1483.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1475-1483
    • Lyketsos, C.G.1    Lopez, O.2    Jones, B.3    Fitzpatrick, A.L.4    Breitner, J.5    DeKosky, S.6
  • 14
    • 53849148954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study
    • [14] Geda, Y.E., Roberts, R.O., Knopman, D.S., Petersen, R.C., Christianson, T.J., Pankratz, V.S., et al. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65 (2008), 1193–1198.
    • (2008) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 1193-1198
    • Geda, Y.E.1    Roberts, R.O.2    Knopman, D.S.3    Petersen, R.C.4    Christianson, T.J.5    Pankratz, V.S.6
  • 15
    • 34248185078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
    • [15] Palmer, K., Berger, A.K., Monastero, R., Winblad, B., Backman, L., Fratiglioni, L., Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 68 (2007), 1596–1602.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 1596-1602
    • Palmer, K.1    Berger, A.K.2    Monastero, R.3    Winblad, B.4    Backman, L.5    Fratiglioni, L.6
  • 16
    • 84871899096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy: a separate syndrome from depression in dementia? A critical review
    • [16] Mortby, M.E., Maercker, A., Forstmeier, S., Apathy: a separate syndrome from depression in dementia? A critical review. Aging Clin Exp Res 24 (2012), 305–316.
    • (2012) Aging Clin Exp Res , vol.24 , pp. 305-316
    • Mortby, M.E.1    Maercker, A.2    Forstmeier, S.3
  • 18
    • 0034016372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental and behavioral disturbances in dementia: findings from the Cache County Study on Memory in Aging
    • [18] Lyketsos, C.G., Steinberg, M., Tschanz, J.T., Norton, M.C., Steffens, D.C., Breitner, J.C., Mental and behavioral disturbances in dementia: findings from the Cache County Study on Memory in Aging. Am J Psychiatry 157 (2000), 708–714.
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 708-714
    • Lyketsos, C.G.1    Steinberg, M.2    Tschanz, J.T.3    Norton, M.C.4    Steffens, D.C.5    Breitner, J.C.6
  • 19
    • 0025819733 scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale
    • [19] Marin, R.S., Biedrzycki, R.C., Firinciogullari, S., Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Psychiatry Res 38 (1991), 143–162.
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res , vol.38 , pp. 143-162
    • Marin, R.S.1    Biedrzycki, R.C.2    Firinciogullari, S.3
  • 20
    • 84938693987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Apathy Evaluation Scale: A Comparison of Subject, Informant, and Clinician Report in Cognitively Normal Elderly and Mild Cognitive Impairment
    • [20] Guercio, B.J., Donovan, N.J., Munro, C.E., Aghjayan, S.L., Wigman, S.E., Locascio, J.J., et al. The Apathy Evaluation Scale: A Comparison of Subject, Informant, and Clinician Report in Cognitively Normal Elderly and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 47 (2015), 421–432.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.47 , pp. 421-432
    • Guercio, B.J.1    Donovan, N.J.2    Munro, C.E.3    Aghjayan, S.L.4    Wigman, S.E.5    Locascio, J.J.6
  • 21
    • 0027203627 scopus 로고
    • Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior
    • [21] Cummings, J.L., Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Arch Neurol 50 (1993), 873–880.
    • (1993) Arch Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 873-880
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 33745595886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits
    • [22] Levy, R., Dubois, B., Apathy and the functional anatomy of the prefrontal cortex-basal ganglia circuits. Cereb Cortex 16 (2006), 916–928.
    • (2006) Cereb Cortex , vol.16 , pp. 916-928
    • Levy, R.1    Dubois, B.2
  • 23
    • 84939454994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenomenology of depression in Alzheimer's disease
    • [23] Novais, F., Starkstein, S., Phenomenology of depression in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 47 (2015), 845–855.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.47 , pp. 845-855
    • Novais, F.1    Starkstein, S.2
  • 24
    • 48849110803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing depression in Alzheimer disease with the national institute of mental health provisional criteria
    • [24] Teng, E., Ringman, J.M., Ross, L.K., Mulnard, R.A., Dick, M.B., Bartzokis, G., et al. Diagnosing depression in Alzheimer disease with the national institute of mental health provisional criteria. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16 (2008), 469–477.
    • (2008) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.16 , pp. 469-477
    • Teng, E.1    Ringman, J.M.2    Ross, L.K.3    Mulnard, R.A.4    Dick, M.B.5    Bartzokis, G.6
  • 25
    • 0036519176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer disease: rationale and background
    • [25] Olin, J.T., Katz, I.R., Meyers, B.S., Schneider, L.S., Lebowitz, B.D., Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer disease: rationale and background. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 10 (2002), 129–141.
    • (2002) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.10 , pp. 129-141
    • Olin, J.T.1    Katz, I.R.2    Meyers, B.S.3    Schneider, L.S.4    Lebowitz, B.D.5
  • 26
    • 0027156334 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of depression in Alzheimer's disease: symptoms, syndrome, and computed tomography findings
    • [26] Troisi, A., Pasini, A., Gori, G., Sorbi, T., Biagini, C., Aulisi, A., et al. Assessment of depression in Alzheimer's disease: symptoms, syndrome, and computed tomography findings. Dementia 4 (1993), 87–93.
    • (1993) Dementia , vol.4 , pp. 87-93
    • Troisi, A.1    Pasini, A.2    Gori, G.3    Sorbi, T.4    Biagini, C.5    Aulisi, A.6
  • 30
    • 78650564564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the available apathy measures reliable and valid? A review of the psychometric evidence
    • [30] Clarke, D.E., Ko, J.Y., Kuhl, E.A., van Reekum, R., Salvador, R., Marin, R.S., Are the available apathy measures reliable and valid? A review of the psychometric evidence. J Psychosom Res 70 (2011), 73–97.
    • (2011) J Psychosom Res , vol.70 , pp. 73-97
    • Clarke, D.E.1    Ko, J.Y.2    Kuhl, E.A.3    van Reekum, R.4    Salvador, R.5    Marin, R.S.6
  • 31
    • 34447119554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a short version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents
    • [31] Lueken, U., Seidl, U., Volker, L., Schweiger, E., Kruse, A., Schroder, J., Development of a short version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15 (2007), 376–385.
    • (2007) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 376-385
    • Lueken, U.1    Seidl, U.2    Volker, L.3    Schweiger, E.4    Kruse, A.5    Schroder, J.6
  • 34
    • 0036904309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apathy inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • [34] Robert, P.H., Clairet, S., Benoit, M., Koutaich, J., Bertogliati, C., Tible, O., et al. The apathy inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 17 (2002), 1099–1105.
    • (2002) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Robert, P.H.1    Clairet, S.2    Benoit, M.3    Koutaich, J.4    Bertogliati, C.5    Tible, O.6
  • 36
    • 33646897697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: validation in Parkinson's disease
    • [36] Sockeel, P., Dujardin, K., Devos, D., Deneve, C., Destee, A., Defebvre, L., The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: validation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77 (2006), 579–584.
    • (2006) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 579-584
    • Sockeel, P.1    Dujardin, K.2    Devos, D.3    Deneve, C.4    Destee, A.5    Defebvre, L.6
  • 37
    • 84907367974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a new apathy measurement scale: Dimensional Apathy Scale
    • [37] Radakovic, R., Abrahams, S., Developing a new apathy measurement scale: Dimensional Apathy Scale. Psychiatry Res 219 (2014), 658–663.
    • (2014) Psychiatry Res , vol.219 , pp. 658-663
    • Radakovic, R.1    Abrahams, S.2
  • 38
    • 0027985334 scopus 로고
    • The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
    • [38] Cummings, J.L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D.A., Gornbein, J., The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 44 (1994), 2308–2314.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 2308-2314
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Mega, M.2    Gray, K.3    Rosenberg-Thompson, S.4    Carusi, D.A.5    Gornbein, J.6
  • 41
    • 84929600685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing the Person-Environment Apathy Rating for persons with dementia
    • [41] Jao, Y.L., Algase, D.L., Specht, J.K., Williams, K., Developing the Person-Environment Apathy Rating for persons with dementia. Aging Ment Health 20 (2016), 861–870.
    • (2016) Aging Ment Health , vol.20 , pp. 861-870
    • Jao, Y.L.1    Algase, D.L.2    Specht, J.K.3    Williams, K.4
  • 44
    • 84865748465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased daytime motor activity associated with apathy in Alzheimer disease: an actigraphic study
    • [44] David, R., Mulin, E., Friedman, L., Le Duff, F., Cygankiewicz, E., Deschaux, O., et al. Decreased daytime motor activity associated with apathy in Alzheimer disease: an actigraphic study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 20 (2012), 806–814.
    • (2012) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 806-814
    • David, R.1    Mulin, E.2    Friedman, L.3    Le Duff, F.4    Cygankiewicz, E.5    Deschaux, O.6
  • 45
    • 84873522080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actigraphic daytime activity is reduced in patients with cognitive impairment and apathy
    • [45] Kuhlmei, A., Walther, B., Becker, T., Muller, U., Nikolaus, T., Actigraphic daytime activity is reduced in patients with cognitive impairment and apathy. Eur Psychiatry 28 (2013), 94–97.
    • (2013) Eur Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 94-97
    • Kuhlmei, A.1    Walther, B.2    Becker, T.3    Muller, U.4    Nikolaus, T.5
  • 46
    • 84938202626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wrist Actigraphy: A Simple Way to Record Motor Activity in Elderly Patients with Dementia and Apathy or Aberrant Motor Behavior
    • [46] Valembois, L., Oasi, C., Pariel, S., Jarzebowski, W., Lafuente-Lafuente, C., Belmin, J., Wrist Actigraphy: A Simple Way to Record Motor Activity in Elderly Patients with Dementia and Apathy or Aberrant Motor Behavior. J Nutr Health Aging 19 (2015), 759–764.
    • (2015) J Nutr Health Aging , vol.19 , pp. 759-764
    • Valembois, L.1    Oasi, C.2    Pariel, S.3    Jarzebowski, W.4    Lafuente-Lafuente, C.5    Belmin, J.6
  • 47
    • 84896316126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring life space in older adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease using mobile phone GPS
    • [47] Tung, J.Y., Rose, R.V., Gammada, E., Lam, I., Roy, E.A., Black, S.E., et al. Measuring life space in older adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease using mobile phone GPS. Gerontology 60 (2014), 154–162.
    • (2014) Gerontology , vol.60 , pp. 154-162
    • Tung, J.Y.1    Rose, R.V.2    Gammada, E.3    Lam, I.4    Roy, E.A.5    Black, S.E.6
  • 48
    • 84924119736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms, APOE epsilon4, and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based study
    • [48] Pink, A., Stokin, G.B., Bartley, M.M., Roberts, R.O., Sochor, O., Machulda, M.M., et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, APOE epsilon4, and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based study. Neurology 84 (2015), 935–943.
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.84 , pp. 935-943
    • Pink, A.1    Stokin, G.B.2    Bartley, M.M.3    Roberts, R.O.4    Sochor, O.5    Machulda, M.M.6
  • 49
    • 80055038553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-MCI and MCI: neuropsychological, clinical, and imaging features and progression rates
    • [49] Duara, R., Loewenstein, D.A., Greig, M.T., Potter, E., Barker, W., Raj, A., et al. Pre-MCI and MCI: neuropsychological, clinical, and imaging features and progression rates. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 19 (2011), 951–960.
    • (2011) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 951-960
    • Duara, R.1    Loewenstein, D.A.2    Greig, M.T.3    Potter, E.4    Barker, W.5    Raj, A.6
  • 51
    • 84899724518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study
    • [51] Geda, Y.E., Roberts, R.O., Mielke, M.M., Knopman, D.S., Christianson, T.J., Pankratz, V.S., et al. Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study. Am J Psychiatry 171 (2014), 572–581.
    • (2014) Am J Psychiatry , vol.171 , pp. 572-581
    • Geda, Y.E.1    Roberts, R.O.2    Mielke, M.M.3    Knopman, D.S.4    Christianson, T.J.5    Pankratz, V.S.6
  • 53
    • 84880175379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfaction and apathy in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults
    • [53] Seligman, S.C., Kamath, V., Giovannetti, T., Arnold, S.E., Moberg, P.J., Olfaction and apathy in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults. Aging Ment Health 17 (2013), 564–570.
    • (2013) Aging Ment Health , vol.17 , pp. 564-570
    • Seligman, S.C.1    Kamath, V.2    Giovannetti, T.3    Arnold, S.E.4    Moberg, P.J.5
  • 54
    • 77957333235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and cognitive and functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: results from the Baltimore ECA longitudinal study
    • [54] Clarke, D.E., Ko, J.Y., Lyketsos, C., Rebok, G.W., Eaton, W.W., Apathy and cognitive and functional decline in community-dwelling older adults: results from the Baltimore ECA longitudinal study. Int Psychogeriatr 22 (2010), 819–829.
    • (2010) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.22 , pp. 819-829
    • Clarke, D.E.1    Ko, J.Y.2    Lyketsos, C.3    Rebok, G.W.4    Eaton, W.W.5
  • 55
    • 84897662958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The independent contributions of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms to everyday function in older adults
    • [55] Rog, L.A., Park, L.Q., Harvey, D.J., Huang, C.J., Mackin, S., Farias, S.T., The independent contributions of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms to everyday function in older adults. Clin Neuropsychol 28 (2014), 215–236.
    • (2014) Clin Neuropsychol , vol.28 , pp. 215-236
    • Rog, L.A.1    Park, L.Q.2    Harvey, D.J.3    Huang, C.J.4    Mackin, S.5    Farias, S.T.6
  • 57
    • 37349011252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between measures of dementia severity and observation of daily life functioning as measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
    • [57] Bouwens, S.F., van Heugten, C.M., Aalten, P., Wolfs, C.A., Baarends, E.M., van Menxel, D.A., et al. Relationship between measures of dementia severity and observation of daily life functioning as measured with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 25 (2008), 81–87.
    • (2008) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.25 , pp. 81-87
    • Bouwens, S.F.1    van Heugten, C.M.2    Aalten, P.3    Wolfs, C.A.4    Baarends, E.M.5    van Menxel, D.A.6
  • 58
    • 21044448981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Part I: findings from the two-year longitudinal Maasbed study
    • [58] Aalten, P., de Vugt, M.E., Jaspers, N., Jolles, J., Verhey, F.R., The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Part I: findings from the two-year longitudinal Maasbed study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 20 (2005), 523–530.
    • (2005) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 523-530
    • Aalten, P.1    de Vugt, M.E.2    Jaspers, N.3    Jolles, J.4    Verhey, F.R.5
  • 61
    • 80052938441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia
    • [61] Rascovsky, K., Hodges, J.R., Knopman, D., Mendez, M.F., Kramer, J.H., Neuhaus, J., et al. Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Brain 134 (2011), 2456–2477.
    • (2011) Brain , vol.134 , pp. 2456-2477
    • Rascovsky, K.1    Hodges, J.R.2    Knopman, D.3    Mendez, M.F.4    Kramer, J.H.5    Neuhaus, J.6
  • 62
    • 84903269516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive supranuclear palsy
    • [62] Golbe, L.I., Progressive supranuclear palsy. Semin Neurol 34 (2014), 151–159.
    • (2014) Semin Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 151-159
    • Golbe, L.I.1
  • 63
    • 79956098248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease
    • [63] Sperling, R.A., Aisen, P.S., Beckett, L.A., Bennett, D.A., Craft, S., Fagan, A.M., et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 7 (2011), 280–292.
    • (2011) Alzheimers Dement , vol.7 , pp. 280-292
    • Sperling, R.A.1    Aisen, P.S.2    Beckett, L.A.3    Bennett, D.A.4    Craft, S.5    Fagan, A.M.6
  • 64
    • 84957890454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early manifestations of emergent dementia: Provisional diagnostic criteria for mild behavioral impairment
    • [64] Ismail, Z., Smith, E.E., Geda, Y., Sultzer, D., Brodaty, H., Smith, G., et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early manifestations of emergent dementia: Provisional diagnostic criteria for mild behavioral impairment. Alzheimers Dement 12 (2016), 195–202.
    • (2016) Alzheimers Dement , vol.12 , pp. 195-202
    • Ismail, Z.1    Smith, E.E.2    Geda, Y.3    Sultzer, D.4    Brodaty, H.5    Smith, G.6
  • 65
    • 0027293195 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological correlates of behavioural disturbance in confirmed Alzheimer's disease
    • [65] Forstl, H., Burns, A., Levy, R., Cairns, N., Luthert, P., Lantos, P., Neuropathological correlates of behavioural disturbance in confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Br J Psychiatry 163 (1993), 364–368.
    • (1993) Br J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 364-368
    • Forstl, H.1    Burns, A.2    Levy, R.3    Cairns, N.4    Luthert, P.5    Lantos, P.6
  • 67
    • 0035091670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex neurofibrillary tangle burden is associated with agitation in Alzheimer disease
    • [67] Tekin, S., Mega, M.S., Masterman, D.M., Chow, T., Garakian, J., Vinters, H.V., et al. Orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex neurofibrillary tangle burden is associated with agitation in Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 49 (2001), 355–361.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 355-361
    • Tekin, S.1    Mega, M.S.2    Masterman, D.M.3    Chow, T.4    Garakian, J.5    Vinters, H.V.6
  • 70
    • 46849092794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric correlates of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
    • [70] Skogseth, R., Mulugeta, E., Jones, E., Ballard, C., Rongve, A., Nore, S., et al. Neuropsychiatric correlates of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 25 (2008), 559–563.
    • (2008) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.25 , pp. 559-563
    • Skogseth, R.1    Mulugeta, E.2    Jones, E.3    Ballard, C.4    Rongve, A.5    Nore, S.6
  • 71
    • 84921510703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cortical thinning predicts worsening apathy and hallucinations across the Alzheimer disease spectrum
    • [71] Donovan, N.J., Wadsworth, L.P., Lorius, N., Locascio, J.J., Rentz, D.M., Johnson, K.A., et al. Regional cortical thinning predicts worsening apathy and hallucinations across the Alzheimer disease spectrum. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22 (2014), 1168–1179.
    • (2014) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 1168-1179
    • Donovan, N.J.1    Wadsworth, L.P.2    Lorius, N.3    Locascio, J.J.4    Rentz, D.M.5    Johnson, K.A.6
  • 72
    • 84911452740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoaminergic neurotransmitter alterations in postmortem brain regions of depressed and aggressive patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • [72] Vermeiren, Y., Van Dam, D., Aerts, T., Engelborghs, S., De Deyn, P.P., Monoaminergic neurotransmitter alterations in postmortem brain regions of depressed and aggressive patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 35 (2014), 2691–2700.
    • (2014) Neurobiol Aging , vol.35 , pp. 2691-2700
    • Vermeiren, Y.1    Van Dam, D.2    Aerts, T.3    Engelborghs, S.4    De Deyn, P.P.5
  • 73
    • 37249066622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases A SPECT study with partial volume effect correction
    • [73] David, R., Koulibaly, M., Benoit, M., Garcia, R., Caci, H., Darcourt, J., et al. Striatal dopamine transporter levels correlate with apathy in neurodegenerative diseases A SPECT study with partial volume effect correction. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 110 (2008), 19–24.
    • (2008) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.110 , pp. 19-24
    • David, R.1    Koulibaly, M.2    Benoit, M.3    Garcia, R.4    Caci, H.5    Darcourt, J.6
  • 75
    • 33845648850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral correlates of GABAergic disruption in Alzheimer's disease
    • [75] Lanctot, K.L., Herrmann, N., Rothenburg, L., Eryavec, G., Behavioral correlates of GABAergic disruption in Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 19 (2007), 151–158.
    • (2007) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.19 , pp. 151-158
    • Lanctot, K.L.1    Herrmann, N.2    Rothenburg, L.3    Eryavec, G.4
  • 77
    • 0035964226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
    • [77] Feldman, H., Gauthier, S., Hecker, J., Vellas, B., Subbiah, P., Whalen, E., A 24-week, randomized, double-blind study of donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 57 (2001), 613–620.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 613-620
    • Feldman, H.1    Gauthier, S.2    Hecker, J.3    Vellas, B.4    Subbiah, P.5    Whalen, E.6
  • 78
    • 80053184623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of dopamine in symptoms and treatment of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
    • [78] Mitchell, R.A., Herrmann, N., Lanctot, K.L., The role of dopamine in symptoms and treatment of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 17 (2011), 411–427.
    • (2011) CNS Neurosci Ther , vol.17 , pp. 411-427
    • Mitchell, R.A.1    Herrmann, N.2    Lanctot, K.L.3
  • 79
    • 84883176211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of methylphenidate for apathy in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • [79] Rosenberg, P.B., Lanctot, K.L., Drye, L.T., Herrmann, N., Scherer, R.W., Bachman, D.L., et al. Safety and efficacy of methylphenidate for apathy in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 74 (2013), 810–816.
    • (2013) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.74 , pp. 810-816
    • Rosenberg, P.B.1    Lanctot, K.L.2    Drye, L.T.3    Herrmann, N.4    Scherer, R.W.5    Bachman, D.L.6
  • 81
    • 84888264517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor reward sensitivity and apathy after stroke: implication of basal ganglia
    • [81] Rochat, L., Van der Linden, M., Renaud, O., Epiney, J.B., Michel, P., Sztajzel, R., et al. Poor reward sensitivity and apathy after stroke: implication of basal ganglia. Neurology 81 (2013), 1674–1680.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.81 , pp. 1674-1680
    • Rochat, L.1    Van der Linden, M.2    Renaud, O.3    Epiney, J.B.4    Michel, P.5    Sztajzel, R.6
  • 82
    • 84928039067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, neural substrates, diagnosis, and treatment
    • [82] Pagonabarraga, J., Kulisevsky, J., Strafella, A.P., Krack, P., Apathy in Parkinson's disease: clinical features, neural substrates, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 14 (2015), 518–531.
    • (2015) Lancet Neurol , vol.14 , pp. 518-531
    • Pagonabarraga, J.1    Kulisevsky, J.2    Strafella, A.P.3    Krack, P.4
  • 83
    • 84956598791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward circuit DBS improves Parkinson's gait along with severe depression and OCD
    • [83] Williams, N.R., Hopkins, T.R., Short, E.B., Sahlem, G.L., Snipes, J., Revuelta, G.J., et al. Reward circuit DBS improves Parkinson's gait along with severe depression and OCD. Neurocase 22 (2016), 201–204.
    • (2016) Neurocase , vol.22 , pp. 201-204
    • Williams, N.R.1    Hopkins, T.R.2    Short, E.B.3    Sahlem, G.L.4    Snipes, J.5    Revuelta, G.J.6
  • 84
    • 84994163317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor Symptoms and Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease
    • [84] Kim, H.J., Jeon, B.S., Paek, S.H., Nonmotor Symptoms and Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 8 (2015), 83–91.
    • (2015) J Mov Disord , vol.8 , pp. 83-91
    • Kim, H.J.1    Jeon, B.S.2    Paek, S.H.3
  • 85
    • 84876723853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine reverses reward insensitivity in apathy following globus pallidus lesions
    • [85] Adam, R., Leff, A., Sinha, N., Turner, C., Bays, P., Draganski, B., et al. Dopamine reverses reward insensitivity in apathy following globus pallidus lesions. Cortex 49 (2013), 1292–1303.
    • (2013) Cortex , vol.49 , pp. 1292-1303
    • Adam, R.1    Leff, A.2    Sinha, N.3    Turner, C.4    Bays, P.5    Draganski, B.6
  • 86
    • 77953132682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of post-stroke apathy by the dopamine receptor agonist ropinirole
    • [86] Kohno, N., Abe, S., Toyoda, G., Oguro, H., Bokura, H., Yamaguchi, S., Successful treatment of post-stroke apathy by the dopamine receptor agonist ropinirole. J Clin Neurosci 17 (2010), 804–806.
    • (2010) J Clin Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 804-806
    • Kohno, N.1    Abe, S.2    Toyoda, G.3    Oguro, H.4    Bokura, H.5    Yamaguchi, S.6
  • 87
    • 0022972558 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, and dopamine metabolites in dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a correlative study
    • [87] Zubenko, G.S., Marquis, J.K., Volicer, L., Direnfeld, L.K., Langlais, P.J., Nixon, R.A., Cerebrospinal fluid levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, and dopamine metabolites in dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a correlative study. Biol Psychiatry 21 (1986), 1365–1381.
    • (1986) Biol Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. 1365-1381
    • Zubenko, G.S.1    Marquis, J.K.2    Volicer, L.3    Direnfeld, L.K.4    Langlais, P.J.5    Nixon, R.A.6
  • 88
    • 0033970270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low plasma epinephrine in elderly female subjects of dementia of Alzheimer type
    • [88] Umegaki, H., Ikari, H., Nakahata, H., Yoshimura, J., Endo, H., Yamamoto, T., et al. Low plasma epinephrine in elderly female subjects of dementia of Alzheimer type. Brain Res 858 (2000), 67–70.
    • (2000) Brain Res , vol.858 , pp. 67-70
    • Umegaki, H.1    Ikari, H.2    Nakahata, H.3    Yoshimura, J.4    Endo, H.5    Yamamoto, T.6
  • 89
    • 79955695364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of catecholamines and their metabolites related to Alzheimer's disease in human urine
    • [89] Liu, L., Li, Q., Li, N., Ling, J., Liu, R., Wang, Y., et al. Simultaneous determination of catecholamines and their metabolites related to Alzheimer's disease in human urine. J Sep Sci 34 (2011), 1198–1204.
    • (2011) J Sep Sci , vol.34 , pp. 1198-1204
    • Liu, L.1    Li, Q.2    Li, N.3    Ling, J.4    Liu, R.5    Wang, Y.6
  • 90
    • 79955677137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of synaptic proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid as a new tool in the study of inborn errors of neurotransmission
    • [90] Duarte, S.T., Ortez, C., Perez, A., Artuch, R., Garcia-Cazorla, A., Analysis of synaptic proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid as a new tool in the study of inborn errors of neurotransmission. J Inherit Metab Dis 34 (2011), 523–528.
    • (2011) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.34 , pp. 523-528
    • Duarte, S.T.1    Ortez, C.2    Perez, A.3    Artuch, R.4    Garcia-Cazorla, A.5
  • 91
    • 84892182173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of neuroimaging findings of apathy in Alzheimer's disease
    • [91] Theleritis, C., Politis, A., Siarkos, K., Lyketsos, C.G., A review of neuroimaging findings of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 26 (2014), 195–207.
    • (2014) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.26 , pp. 195-207
    • Theleritis, C.1    Politis, A.2    Siarkos, K.3    Lyketsos, C.G.4
  • 94
    • 84901657110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional atrophy of the insular cortex is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • [94] Moon, Y., Moon, W.J., Kim, H., Han, S.H., Regional atrophy of the insular cortex is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease patients. Eur Neurol 71 (2014), 223–229.
    • (2014) Eur Neurol , vol.71 , pp. 223-229
    • Moon, Y.1    Moon, W.J.2    Kim, H.3    Han, S.H.4
  • 95
    • 84886085235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and emotional symptoms of apathy are associated with distinct patterns of brain atrophy in neurodegenerative disorders
    • [95] Stanton, B.R., Leigh, P.N., Howard, R.J., Barker, G.J., Brown, R.G., Behavioural and emotional symptoms of apathy are associated with distinct patterns of brain atrophy in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurol 260 (2013), 2481–2490.
    • (2013) J Neurol , vol.260 , pp. 2481-2490
    • Stanton, B.R.1    Leigh, P.N.2    Howard, R.J.3    Barker, G.J.4    Brown, R.G.5
  • 97
    • 84871908328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy and white matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease: a whole brain analysis with tract-based spatial statistics
    • [97] Hahn, C., Lim, H.K., Won, W.Y., Ahn, K.J., Jung, W.S., Lee, C.U., Apathy and white matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease: a whole brain analysis with tract-based spatial statistics. PLoS One, 8, 2013, e53493.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , pp. e53493
    • Hahn, C.1    Lim, H.K.2    Won, W.Y.3    Ahn, K.J.4    Jung, W.S.5    Lee, C.U.6
  • 98
    • 84902175799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular factors are associated with the severity of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
    • [98] Moon, Y., Kim, H., Ok Kim, J., Han, S.H., Vascular factors are associated with the severity of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 124 (2014), 512–517.
    • (2014) Int J Neurosci , vol.124 , pp. 512-517
    • Moon, Y.1    Kim, H.2    Ok Kim, J.3    Han, S.H.4
  • 99
    • 84926328243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy is associated with lower inferior temporal cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment and normal elderly individuals
    • [99] Guercio, B.J., Donovan, N.J., Ward, A., Schultz, A., Lorius, N., Amariglio, R.E., et al. Apathy is associated with lower inferior temporal cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment and normal elderly individuals. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 27 (2015), e22–e27.
    • (2015) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. e22-e27
    • Guercio, B.J.1    Donovan, N.J.2    Ward, A.3    Schultz, A.4    Lorius, N.5    Amariglio, R.E.6
  • 101
    • 84929119245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic lesions in the anterior thalamic radiation and apathy in early Alzheimer's disease
    • [101] Torso, M., Serra, L., Giulietti, G., Spano, B., Tuzzi, E., Koch, G., et al. Strategic lesions in the anterior thalamic radiation and apathy in early Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0124998.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0124998
    • Torso, M.1    Serra, L.2    Giulietti, G.3    Spano, B.4    Tuzzi, E.5    Koch, G.6
  • 102
    • 84929353529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
    • [102] Donovan, N.J., Hsu, D.C., Dagley, A.S., Schultz, A.P., Amariglio, R.E., Mormino, E.C., et al. Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 46 (2015), 63–73.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.46 , pp. 63-73
    • Donovan, N.J.1    Hsu, D.C.2    Dagley, A.S.3    Schultz, A.P.4    Amariglio, R.E.5    Mormino, E.C.6
  • 103
    • 33746494905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study
    • [103] Robert, P.H., Darcourt, G., Koulibaly, M.P., Clairet, S., Benoit, M., Garcia, R., et al. Lack of initiative and interest in Alzheimer's disease: a single photon emission computed tomography study. Eur J Neurol 13 (2006), 729–735.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 729-735
    • Robert, P.H.1    Darcourt, G.2    Koulibaly, M.P.3    Clairet, S.4    Benoit, M.5    Garcia, R.6
  • 104
    • 4544284662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain perfusion correlates of the apathy inventory dimensions of Alzheimer's disease
    • [104] Benoit, M., Clairet, S., Koulibaly, P.M., Darcourt, J., Robert, P.H., Brain perfusion correlates of the apathy inventory dimensions of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 19 (2004), 864–869.
    • (2004) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 864-869
    • Benoit, M.1    Clairet, S.2    Koulibaly, P.M.3    Darcourt, J.4    Robert, P.H.5
  • 105
    • 84904416052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional domains of apathy in Alzheimer's disease: clinical and neurobiological features
    • [105] Sultzer, D.L., Leskin, L.P., Jacobs, Z.M., Melrose, R.J., Harwood, D.G., Naarvaez, T.A., et al. Cognitive, behavioral, and emotional domains of apathy in Alzheimer's disease: clinical and neurobiological features. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 21 (2013), S144–S145.
    • (2013) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.21 , pp. S144-S145
    • Sultzer, D.L.1    Leskin, L.P.2    Jacobs, Z.M.3    Melrose, R.J.4    Harwood, D.G.5    Naarvaez, T.A.6
  • 108
    • 13444282255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral metabolism in early Alzheimer's disease with clinically significant apathy or depression
    • [108] Holthoff, V.A., Beuthien-Baumann, B., Kalbe, E., Ludecke, S., Lenz, O., Zundorf, G., et al. Regional cerebral metabolism in early Alzheimer's disease with clinically significant apathy or depression. Biol Psychiatry 57 (2005), 412–421.
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 412-421
    • Holthoff, V.A.1    Beuthien-Baumann, B.2    Kalbe, E.3    Ludecke, S.4    Lenz, O.5    Zundorf, G.6
  • 109
    • 84865738280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities associated with apathy and depression in Alzheimer disease
    • [109] Kang, J.Y., Lee, J.S., Kang, H., Lee, H.W., Kim, Y.K., Jeon, H.J., et al. Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities associated with apathy and depression in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 26 (2012), 217–224.
    • (2012) Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord , vol.26 , pp. 217-224
    • Kang, J.Y.1    Lee, J.S.2    Kang, H.3    Lee, H.W.4    Kim, Y.K.5    Jeon, H.J.6
  • 110
    • 79960246201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructural alteration of the anterior cingulum is associated with apathy in Alzheimer disease
    • [110] Kim, J.W., Lee, D.Y., Choo, I.H., Seo, E.H., Kim, S.G., Park, S.Y., et al. Microstructural alteration of the anterior cingulum is associated with apathy in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 19 (2011), 644–653.
    • (2011) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 644-653
    • Kim, J.W.1    Lee, D.Y.2    Choo, I.H.3    Seo, E.H.4    Kim, S.G.5    Park, S.Y.6
  • 113
    • 33644755923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and apathy in probable Alzheimer's disease
    • [113] Monastero, R., Mariani, E., Camarda, C., Ingegni, T., Averna, M.R., Senin, U., et al. Association between apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and apathy in probable Alzheimer's disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113 (2006), 59–63.
    • (2006) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.113 , pp. 59-63
    • Monastero, R.1    Mariani, E.2    Camarda, C.3    Ingegni, T.4    Averna, M.R.5    Senin, U.6
  • 114
    • 80052761443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The APOE polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and syndromes
    • [114] D'Onofrio, G., Panza, F., Seripa, D., Sancarlo, D., Paris, F., Cascavilla, L., et al. The APOE polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and syndromes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26 (2011), 1062–1070.
    • (2011) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 1062-1070
    • D'Onofrio, G.1    Panza, F.2    Seripa, D.3    Sancarlo, D.4    Paris, F.5    Cascavilla, L.6
  • 115
    • 70349651964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease
    • [115] Del Prete, M., Spaccavento, S., Craca, A., Fiore, P., Angelelli, P., Neuropsychiatric symptoms and the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 30 (2009), 367–373.
    • (2009) Neurol Sci , vol.30 , pp. 367-373
    • Del Prete, M.1    Spaccavento, S.2    Craca, A.3    Fiore, P.4    Angelelli, P.5
  • 116
    • 33748530658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic correlates of behavioral endophenotypes in Alzheimer disease: role of COMT, 5-HTTLPR and APOE polymorphisms
    • [116] Borroni, B., Grassi, M., Agosti, C., Costanzi, C., Archetti, S., Franzoni, S., et al. Genetic correlates of behavioral endophenotypes in Alzheimer disease: role of COMT, 5-HTTLPR and APOE polymorphisms. Neurobiol Aging 27 (2006), 1595–1603.
    • (2006) Neurobiol Aging , vol.27 , pp. 1595-1603
    • Borroni, B.1    Grassi, M.2    Agosti, C.3    Costanzi, C.4    Archetti, S.5    Franzoni, S.6
  • 117
    • 33845726539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E genotype influences presence and severity of delusions and aggressive behavior in Alzheimer disease
    • [117] van der Flier, W.M., Staekenborg, S., Pijnenburg, Y.A., Gillissen, F., Romkes, R., Kok, A., et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype influences presence and severity of delusions and aggressive behavior in Alzheimer disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 23 (2007), 42–46.
    • (2007) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.23 , pp. 42-46
    • van der Flier, W.M.1    Staekenborg, S.2    Pijnenburg, Y.A.3    Gillissen, F.4    Romkes, R.5    Kok, A.6
  • 118
    • 0033558070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E genotype and noncognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
    • [118] Levy, M.L., Cummings, J.L., Fairbanks, L.A., Sultzer, D.L., Small, G.W., Apolipoprotein E genotype and noncognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 45 (1999), 422–425.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 422-425
    • Levy, M.L.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Fairbanks, L.A.3    Sultzer, D.L.4    Small, G.W.5
  • 119
    • 80155161339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of Association Between COMT Polymorphisms and Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease
    • [119] David, R., Friedman, L., Mulin, E., Noda, A., Le Duff, F., Kennedy, Q., et al. Lack of Association Between COMT Polymorphisms and Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 27 (2011), 155–161.
    • (2011) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.27 , pp. 155-161
    • David, R.1    Friedman, L.2    Mulin, E.3    Noda, A.4    Le Duff, F.5    Kennedy, Q.6
  • 120
    • 84880718281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism in a dopamine-related gene
    • [120] Mitaki, S., Isomura, M., Maniwa, K., Yamasaki, M., Nagai, A., Nabika, T., et al. Apathy is associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism in a dopamine-related gene. Neurosci Lett 549 (2013), 87–91.
    • (2013) Neurosci Lett , vol.549 , pp. 87-91
    • Mitaki, S.1    Isomura, M.2    Maniwa, K.3    Yamasaki, M.4    Nagai, A.5    Nabika, T.6
  • 121
    • 84928584810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients with the G2019S and R1441G mutations of the LRRK2 gene
    • [121] Somme, J.H., Molano Salazar, A., Gonzalez, A., Tijero, B., Berganzo, K., Lezcano, E., et al. Cognitive and behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients with the G2019S and R1441G mutations of the LRRK2 gene. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21 (2015), 494–499.
    • (2015) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.21 , pp. 494-499
    • Somme, J.H.1    Molano Salazar, A.2    Gonzalez, A.3    Tijero, B.4    Berganzo, K.5    Lezcano, E.6
  • 122
    • 84861657617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine pathway loss in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area predicts apathetic behavior in MPTP-lesioned monkeys
    • [122] Brown, C.A., Campbell, M.C., Karimi, M., Tabbal, S.D., Loftin, S.K., Tian, L.L., et al. Dopamine pathway loss in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area predicts apathetic behavior in MPTP-lesioned monkeys. Exp Neurol 236 (2012), 190–197.
    • (2012) Exp Neurol , vol.236 , pp. 190-197
    • Brown, C.A.1    Campbell, M.C.2    Karimi, M.3    Tabbal, S.D.4    Loftin, S.K.5    Tian, L.L.6
  • 123
    • 84940062298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging Analysis of the Dopamine Basis for Apathetic Behaviors in an MPTP-Lesioned Primate Model
    • [123] Tian, L., Xia, Y., Flores, H.P., Campbell, M.C., Moerlein, S.M., Perlmutter, J.S., Neuroimaging Analysis of the Dopamine Basis for Apathetic Behaviors in an MPTP-Lesioned Primate Model. PLoS One, 10, 2015, e0132064.
    • (2015) PLoS One , vol.10 , pp. e0132064
    • Tian, L.1    Xia, Y.2    Flores, H.P.3    Campbell, M.C.4    Moerlein, S.M.5    Perlmutter, J.S.6
  • 124
    • 84902267728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pramipexole reverses Parkinson's disease-related motivational deficits in rats
    • [124] Favier, M., Duran, T., Carcenac, C., Drui, G., Savasta, M., Carnicella, S., Pramipexole reverses Parkinson's disease-related motivational deficits in rats. Mov Disord 29 (2014), 912–920.
    • (2014) Mov Disord , vol.29 , pp. 912-920
    • Favier, M.1    Duran, T.2    Carcenac, C.3    Drui, G.4    Savasta, M.5    Carnicella, S.6
  • 125
    • 84911492685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ups and downs of modelling mood disorders in rodents
    • [125] Slattery, D.A., Cryan, J.F., The ups and downs of modelling mood disorders in rodents. ILAR J 55 (2014), 297–309.
    • (2014) ILAR J , vol.55 , pp. 297-309
    • Slattery, D.A.1    Cryan, J.F.2
  • 126
    • 80053050815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anomalies in social behaviors and exploratory activities in an APPswe/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • [126] Filali, M., Lalonde, R., Rivest, S., Anomalies in social behaviors and exploratory activities in an APPswe/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Behav 104 (2011), 880–885.
    • (2011) Physiol Behav , vol.104 , pp. 880-885
    • Filali, M.1    Lalonde, R.2    Rivest, S.3
  • 129
    • 84904835865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More insight into the concept of apathy: a multidisciplinary depression management program has different effects on depressive symptoms and apathy in nursing homes
    • [129] Leontjevas, R., Teerenstra, S., Smalbrugge, M., Vernooij-Dassen, M.J., Bohlmeijer, E.T., Gerritsen, D.L., et al. More insight into the concept of apathy: a multidisciplinary depression management program has different effects on depressive symptoms and apathy in nursing homes. Int Psychogeriatr 25 (2013), 1941–1952.
    • (2013) Int Psychogeriatr , vol.25 , pp. 1941-1952
    • Leontjevas, R.1    Teerenstra, S.2    Smalbrugge, M.3    Vernooij-Dassen, M.J.4    Bohlmeijer, E.T.5    Gerritsen, D.L.6
  • 130
    • 3242775357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease
    • [130] Holmes, C., Wilkinson, D., Dean, C., Vethanayagam, S., Olivieri, S., Langley, A., et al. The efficacy of donepezil in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 63 (2004), 214–219.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 214-219
    • Holmes, C.1    Wilkinson, D.2    Dean, C.3    Vethanayagam, S.4    Olivieri, S.5    Langley, A.6
  • 132
    • 28544448855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galantamine treatment of problematic behavior in Alzheimer disease: post-hoc analysis of pooled data from three large trials
    • [132] Herrmann, N., Rabheru, K., Wang, J., Binder, C., Galantamine treatment of problematic behavior in Alzheimer disease: post-hoc analysis of pooled data from three large trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 13 (2005), 527–534.
    • (2005) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 527-534
    • Herrmann, N.1    Rabheru, K.2    Wang, J.3    Binder, C.4
  • 133
    • 33750327234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A naturalistic study of galantamine for Alzheimer's disease
    • [133] Brodaty, H., Woodward, M., Boundy, K., Barnes, N., Allen, G., NATURE Investigators. A naturalistic study of galantamine for Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drugs 20 (2006), 935–943.
    • (2006) CNS Drugs , vol.20 , pp. 935-943
    • Brodaty, H.1    Woodward, M.2    Boundy, K.3    Barnes, N.4    Allen, G.5
  • 134
    • 27844431640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rivastigmine treatment on the neuropsychiatric and behavioral disturbances of nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, multicenter, open-label study
    • [134] Cummings, J.L., Koumaras, B., Chen, M., Mirski, D., Rivastigmine Nursing Home Study Team. Effects of rivastigmine treatment on the neuropsychiatric and behavioral disturbances of nursing home residents with moderate to severe probable Alzheimer's disease: a 26-week, multicenter, open-label study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 3 (2005), 137–148.
    • (2005) Am J Geriatr Pharmacother , vol.3 , pp. 137-148
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Koumaras, B.2    Chen, M.3    Mirski, D.4
  • 135
    • 0032983786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine in severe dementia: results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine)
    • [135] Winblad, B., Poritis, N., Memantine in severe dementia: results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 14 (1999), 135–146.
    • (1999) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 135-146
    • Winblad, B.1    Poritis, N.2
  • 136
    • 0031917730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential neuropsychiatric symptom responses to tacrine in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to dementia severity
    • [136] Kaufer, D., Cummings, J.L., Christine, D., Differential neuropsychiatric symptom responses to tacrine in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to dementia severity. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 10 (1998), 55–63.
    • (1998) J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 55-63
    • Kaufer, D.1    Cummings, J.L.2    Christine, D.3
  • 137
    • 84863229484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease
    • [137] Howard, R., McShane, R., Lindesay, J., Ritchie, C., Baldwin, A., Barber, R., et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 366 (2012), 893–903.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 893-903
    • Howard, R.1    McShane, R.2    Lindesay, J.3    Ritchie, C.4    Baldwin, A.5    Barber, R.6
  • 138
    • 84930894539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effect of Memantine on Cognitive Function and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Patients
    • [138] Zhang, N., Wei, C., Du, H., Shi, F.D., Cheng, Y., The Effect of Memantine on Cognitive Function and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 40 (2015), 85–93.
    • (2015) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord , vol.40 , pp. 85-93
    • Zhang, N.1    Wei, C.2    Du, H.3    Shi, F.D.4    Cheng, Y.5
  • 139
    • 34547653184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of modafinil: A review of current research
    • [139] Gerrard, P., Malcolm, R., Mechanisms of modafinil: A review of current research. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 3 (2007), 349–364.
    • (2007) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat , vol.3 , pp. 349-364
    • Gerrard, P.1    Malcolm, R.2
  • 140
    • 33847346003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modafinil therapy for apathy in an elderly patient
    • [140] Padala, P.R., Burke, W.J., Bhatia, S.C., Modafinil therapy for apathy in an elderly patient. Ann Pharmacother 41 (2007), 346–349.
    • (2007) Ann Pharmacother , vol.41 , pp. 346-349
    • Padala, P.R.1    Burke, W.J.2    Bhatia, S.C.3
  • 141
    • 81455139246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy syndrome treated successfully with modafinil
    • [141] Camargos, E.F., Quintas, J.L., Apathy syndrome treated successfully with modafinil. BMJ Case Rep, 2011, 2011.
    • (2011) BMJ Case Rep , vol.2011
    • Camargos, E.F.1    Quintas, J.L.2
  • 142
    • 84863548826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for the treatment of apathy in individuals with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
    • [142] Frakey, L.L., Salloway, S., Buelow, M., Malloy, P., A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for the treatment of apathy in individuals with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychiatry 73 (2012), 796–801.
    • (2012) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.73 , pp. 796-801
    • Frakey, L.L.1    Salloway, S.2    Buelow, M.3    Malloy, P.4
  • 145
    • 85009096448 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of Anorexia by Methylphenidate in Apathetic, Severely Demented Nursing Home Patients
    • [145] Maletta, G.J., Winegarden, T., Reversal of Anorexia by Methylphenidate in Apathetic, Severely Demented Nursing Home Patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1 (1992), 234–243.
    • (1992) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 234-243
    • Maletta, G.J.1    Winegarden, T.2
  • 146
    • 51449084071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylphenidate for the treatment of apathy in Alzheimer disease: prediction of response using dextroamphetamine challenge
    • [146] Herrmann, N., Rothenburg, L.S., Black, S.E., Ryan, M., Liu, B.A., Busto, U.E., et al. Methylphenidate for the treatment of apathy in Alzheimer disease: prediction of response using dextroamphetamine challenge. J Clin Psychopharmacol 28 (2008), 296–301.
    • (2008) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 296-301
    • Herrmann, N.1    Rothenburg, L.S.2    Black, S.E.3    Ryan, M.4    Liu, B.A.5    Busto, U.E.6
  • 147
  • 148
    • 0029082328 scopus 로고
    • Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression
    • [148] George, M.S., Wassermann, E.M., Williams, W.A., Callahan, A., Ketter, T.A., Basser, P., et al. Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression. Neuroreport 6 (1995), 1853–1856.
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 1853-1856
    • George, M.S.1    Wassermann, E.M.2    Williams, W.A.3    Callahan, A.4    Ketter, T.A.5    Basser, P.6
  • 149
    • 0034193409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • [149] Maeda, F., Keenan, J.P., Tormos, J.M., Topka, H., Pascual-Leone, A., Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 111 (2000), 800–805.
    • (2000) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.111 , pp. 800-805
    • Maeda, F.1    Keenan, J.P.2    Tormos, J.M.3    Topka, H.4    Pascual-Leone, A.5
  • 150
    • 0031930002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996
    • [150] Wassermann, E.M., Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 108 (1998), 1–16.
    • (1998) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.108 , pp. 1-16
    • Wassermann, E.M.1
  • 151
    • 85009068585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Apathy in Alzheimer's Dementia
    • In: ClincialTrials.gov [Internet]. Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System. [2015 Dec 16]. Available from:. NLM Identifier: NCT02190084.
    • [151] Padala. PR, Vannucci M. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Apathy in Alzheimer's Dementia. In: ClincialTrials.gov [Internet]. Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System. 2015 [2015 Dec 16]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/ctcite.html. NLM Identifier: NCT02190084.
    • (2015)
    • Padala, P.R.1    Vannucci, M.2
  • 152
    • 84896391410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a non-focal plasticity protocol on apathy in moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial
    • [152] Suemoto, C.K., Apolinario, D., Nakamura-Palacios, E.M., Lopes, L., Leite, R.E., Sales, M.C., et al. Effects of a non-focal plasticity protocol on apathy in moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Brain Stimul 7 (2014), 308–313.
    • (2014) Brain Stimul , vol.7 , pp. 308-313
    • Suemoto, C.K.1    Apolinario, D.2    Nakamura-Palacios, E.M.3    Lopes, L.4    Leite, R.E.5    Sales, M.C.6
  • 153
    • 84952636701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on cognitive function in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • [153] Hsu, W.Y., Ku, Y., Zanto, T.P., Gazzaley, A., Effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on cognitive function in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiol Aging 36 (2015), 2348–2359.
    • (2015) Neurobiol Aging , vol.36 , pp. 2348-2359
    • Hsu, W.Y.1    Ku, Y.2    Zanto, T.P.3    Gazzaley, A.4
  • 154
    • 84941267798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Alternative Therapy for Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis
    • [154] Liao, X., Li, G., Wang, A., Liu, T., Feng, S., Guo, Z., et al. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Alternative Therapy for Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 48 (2015), 463–472.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.48 , pp. 463-472
    • Liao, X.1    Li, G.2    Wang, A.3    Liu, T.4    Feng, S.5    Guo, Z.6
  • 155
  • 156
    • 84863510080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonpharmacological management of apathy in dementia: a systematic review
    • [156] Brodaty, H., Burns, K., Nonpharmacological management of apathy in dementia: a systematic review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 20 (2012), 549–564.
    • (2012) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 549-564
    • Brodaty, H.1    Burns, K.2
  • 157
    • 79958776915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial of theory-based activities for the behavioral symptoms of dementia in nursing home residents
    • [157] Kolanowski, A., Litaker, M., Buettner, L., Moeller, J., Costa, P.T. Jr., A randomized clinical trial of theory-based activities for the behavioral symptoms of dementia in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 59 (2011), 1032–1041.
    • (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.59 , pp. 1032-1041
    • Kolanowski, A.1    Litaker, M.2    Buettner, L.3    Moeller, J.4    Costa, P.T.5
  • 158
    • 84921381570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apathy in nursing home residents with dementia: results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial
    • [158] Treusch, Y., Majic, T., Page, J., Gutzmann, H., Heinz, A., Rapp, M.A., Apathy in nursing home residents with dementia: results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry 30 (2015), 251–257.
    • (2015) Eur Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 251-257
    • Treusch, Y.1    Majic, T.2    Page, J.3    Gutzmann, H.4    Heinz, A.5    Rapp, M.A.6
  • 160
    • 77949896151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reminiscence Group Therapy on Depression and Apathy in Nursing Home Residents With Mild-to-moderate Dementia
    • [160] Hsieh, C.J., Chang, C., SU, S.F., Hsiao, Y.L., Shih, Y.W., Han, W.H., et al. Reminiscence Group Therapy on Depression and Apathy in Nursing Home Residents With Mild-to-moderate Dementia. J Exp Clin Med 2 (2010), 72–78.
    • (2010) J Exp Clin Med , vol.2 , pp. 72-78
    • Hsieh, C.J.1    Chang, C.2    SU, S.F.3    Hsiao, Y.L.4    Shih, Y.W.5    Han, W.H.6
  • 161
    • 75749090844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of an individualized functional training program on affective disturbances and functional skills in mild and moderate dementia–a randomized control trial
    • [161] Lam, L.C., Lui, V.W., Luk, D.N., Chau, R., So, C., Poon, V., et al. Effectiveness of an individualized functional training program on affective disturbances and functional skills in mild and moderate dementia–a randomized control trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 25 (2010), 133–141.
    • (2010) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.25 , pp. 133-141
    • Lam, L.C.1    Lui, V.W.2    Luk, D.N.3    Chau, R.4    So, C.5    Poon, V.6
  • 162
    • 84874733861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of apathy in nursing homes using a teaching program for care staff: the STIM-EHPAD study
    • [162] Leone, E., Deudon, A., Bauchet, M., Laye, M., Bordone, N., Lee, J.H., et al. Management of apathy in nursing homes using a teaching program for care staff: the STIM-EHPAD study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 28 (2013), 383–392.
    • (2013) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 383-392
    • Leone, E.1    Deudon, A.2    Bauchet, M.3    Laye, M.4    Bordone, N.5    Lee, J.H.6
  • 163
    • 34247981892 scopus 로고
    • Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs
    • [163] Kiresuk, T.J., Sherman, R.E., Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community Ment Health J 4 (1968), 443–453.
    • (1968) Community Ment Health J , vol.4 , pp. 443-453
    • Kiresuk, T.J.1    Sherman, R.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.