Do people become more apathetic as they grow older? A longitudinal study in healthy individuals

International Psychogeriatrics

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 426-436

  Brodaty, Henry ^a,b,c   Altendorf, Annette ^a,c   Withall, Adrienne ^a,b,c   Sachdev, Perminder ^a,b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^c PRINCE OF WALES HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Aging; Apathy; Healthy elderly; Longitudinal study; Motivation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; APATHY; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MALE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NORMAL HUMAN; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; STROKE;

AFFECTIVE SYMPTOMS; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; AUSTRALIA; COGNITION; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 77952376620     PISSN: 10416102     EISSN: 1741203X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610209991335     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Adams, K. B. (2001). Depressive symptoms, depletion, or developmental change? Withdrawal, apathy, and lack of vigor in the Geriatric Depression Scale. The Gerontologist, 41, 768-777.
2. Agostini, J. V., Han, L. and Tinetti, M. E. (2004). The relationship between number of medications and weight loss or impaired balance in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52, 1719-1723.
3. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
4. Andersson, S., Krogstad, J. M. and Finset, A. (1999). Apathy and depressed mood in acquired brain damage: relationship to lesion localization and psychophysiological reactivity. Psychological Medicine, 29, 447-456.
5. Archer, N. et al. (2007). Premorbid personality and behavioral and psychological symptoms in probable Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 202-213.
6. Benoit, M., Koulibaly, P., Migneco, O., Darcourt, J., Pringuey, D. and Robert, P. (2002). Brain perfusion in Alzheimer's disease with and without apathy: a SPECT study with statistical parametric mapping analysis. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 114, 103-111.
7. Benoit, M. et al. (2008). Apathy and depression in Alzheimer's disease are associated with functional deficit and psychotropic prescription. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 409-414.
8. Bogousslavsky, J., Regli, F., Delaloye, B., Delaloye-Bischof, A., Assal, G. and Uske, A. (1991). Loss of psychic self-activation with bithalamic infarction: neurobehavioural, CT, MRI and SPECT correlates. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 83, 309-316.
9. Borek, L. L., Chou, K. L. and Friedman, J. H. (2007). Management of the behavioral aspects of Parkinson's disease. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7, 711-725.
10. Bourre, J. M. (2006). Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 10, 377-385.
11. Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P. S., Withall, A., Altendorf, A., Valenzuela, M. J. and Lorentz, L. (2005). Frequency and clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging correlates of apathy following stroke - the Sydney Stroke Study. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1707-1716.
12. Clarke, D. E. et al. (2008). Apathy in dementia: clinical and sociodemographic correlates. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 20, 337-347.
13. Cumming, E. and Henry, W. (1961). Growing Old: The Process of Disengagement. New York: Basic Books.
14. Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A. and Gornbein, J. (1994). The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology, 44, 2308-2314.
15. Drentea, P. (2002). Retirement and mental health. Journal of Aging and Health, 2, 167-194.
16. Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J., Alavi, A., Hurtig, H. I. and Zimmerman, R. A. (1987). MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging. American Journal of Roentgenology, 149, 351-356. (Pubitemid 17104996)
17. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
18. Galynker, I., Prikhojan, A., Phillips, E., Focseneanu, M., Ieronimo, C. and Rosenthal, R. (1997). Negative symptoms in stroke patients and length of hospital stay. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185, 616-621.
19. Ghika-Schmid, F. and Bogousslavsky, J. (2000). The acute behavioral syndrome of anterior thalamic infarction: a prospective study of 12 cases. Annals of Neurology, 48, 220-227.
20. Goodglass, H. and Kaplan, E. (1983). The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
21. Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56-62.
22. Helgason, C., Wilbur, A., Weiss, A., Redmond, K. J. and Kingsbury, N. A. (1988). Acute pseudobulbar mutism due to discrete bilateral capsular infarction in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery. Brain, 111, 507-524.
23. Jorm, A. F. (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychological Medicine, 24, 145-153.
24. Kant, R., Duffy, J. D. and Pivovarnik, A. (1998). Prevalence of apathy following head injury. Brain Injury, 12, 87-92.
25. Katz, S. and Akpom, C. A. (1976). A measure of primary sociobiological functions. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 6, 493-508
26. Kincaid, C. (2005). Guidelines for Selecting the Covariance Structure in Mixed Model Analysis. Available at: www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi30/198-30pdf.
27. Lampe, I. K. and Heeren, T. (2004). Is apathy in late-life depressive illness related to age-at-onset, cognitive function or vascular risk? International Psychogeriatrics, 16, 481-486.
28. Landes, A. M., Sperry, S. D., Strauss, M. E. and Geldmacher, D. S. (2001). Apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49, 1700-1707.
29. Landes, A., Sperry, S. and Strauss, M. (2005). Prevalence of apathy, dysphoria, and depression in relation to dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 17, 342-349.
30. Lavretsky, H., Ballmaier, M., Pham, D., Toga, A. and Kumar, A. (2007). Neuroanatomical characteristics of geriatric apathy and depression: a magnetic resonance imaging study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 386-394.
31. Lawton, M. P. and Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9, 179-186.
32. Lenze, E. et al. (2007). Onset of depression in elderly persons after hip fracture: implications for prevention and early intervention of late-life depression. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55, 81-86.
33. Levy, M. L. et al. (1998). Apathy is not depression. Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 10, 314-319.
34. Lyketsos, C., Lopez, O., Jones, B., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Breitner, J. and DeKosky, S. (2002). Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study. JAMA, 288, 1475-1483.
35. Marin, R. S. (1990). Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 22-30.
36. Marin, R. (1991). Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome. Journal of Neuropsychiatry, 3, 243-254.
37. Marin, R. S., Biedrzycki, R. C. and Firinciogullari, S. (1991). Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Psychiatry Research, 38, 143-162.
38. Marin, R. S., Firinciogullari, S. and Biedrzycki, R. C. (1993). The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 28, 117-124. (Pubitemid 23178099)
39. McCallister, T. W. (2000). Apathy. Seminars in Clinical Neurology, 5, 275-282.
40. Nelson, H. (1983). National Adult Reading Test (NART): Test Manual. 2nd edn. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
41. Okada, K., Kobayashi, S., Yamagata, S., Takahashi, K. and Yamaguchi, S. (1997). Poststroke apathy and regional cerebral blood flow. Stroke, 28, 2437-2441.
42. Onyike, C. U. et al. (2007). Epidemiology of apathy in older adults: the Cache County Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 365-375.
43. Palmore, E. B., Fillenbaum, G. G. and George, L. K. (1984). Consequences of retirement. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 109-116.
44. Parmalee, P., Lawton, M. P. and Katz, I. R. (1989). Psychometric properties of the Geriatric Depression Scale among the institutionalized aged. Psychological Assessment, 1, 331-338.
45. Rasmussen, H. H., Mortensen, P. B. and Jensen, I. W. (1989). Depression and magnesium deficiency. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 19, 57-63.
46. Resnick, B., Zimmerman, S. I., Magaziner, J. and Adelman, A. (1998). Use of the Apathy Evaluation scale as a measure of motivation in elderly people. Rehabilitation Nursing, 23, 141-147.
47. Robinson, R. G., Kubos, K. L., Starr, L. B., Rao, K. and Price, T. R. (1984). Mood disorders in stroke patients: importance of location of lesion. Brain, 107, 81-93.
48. Robinson, R. G. and Starkstein, S. E. (1990). Current research in affective disorders following stroke. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2, 1-14.
49. Sheikh, J. I. and Yesavage, J. A. (1986). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version. In T. L. Brink (ed.), Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention (pp. 165-173). New York: The Haworth Press, Inc.
50. Starkstein, S. E., Federoff, J. P., Price, T. R., Leiguarda, R. and Robinson, R. G. (1993). Apathy following cerebrovascular lesions. Stroke, 24, 1625-1630.
51. Tenover, J. S. (1992). Effects of testosterone supplementation in the aging male. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 75, 1092-1098.
52. van Solinge, H. (2007). Health change in retirement: a longitudinal study among older workers in the Netherlands. Research on Aging, 3 225-256.
53. Verkaik, R., van Weert, J. C. M. and Francke, A. L. (2005). The effects of psychosocial methods on depressed, aggressive and apathetic behaviors of people with dementia: a systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 301-314.
54. Yamagata, S., Yamaguchi, S. and Kobayashi, S. (2004). Impaired novelty processing in apathy after subcortical stroke. Stroke, 35, 1935-1940.
55. Zawacki, T. M. et al. (2002). Behavioural problems as predictors of functional abilities of vascular dementia patients. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 14, 296-302.