The Apathy Evaluation Scale: A Comparison of Subject, Informant, and Clinician Report in Cognitively Normal Elderly and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 421-432

  Guercio, Brendan J ^a,b   Donovan, Nancy J ^a,b,c   Munro, Catherine E ^c   Aghjayan, Sarah L ^b,c   Wigman, Sarah E ^c   Locascio, Joseph J ^c   Amariglio, Rebecca E ^a,b,c   Rentz, Dorene M ^a,b,c   Johnson, Keith A ^a,b,c   Sperling, Reisa A ^a,b,c   Marshall, Gad A ^a,b,c  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Aged; Alzheimer's disease; apathy; mild cognitive impairment; symptom assessment

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; APATHY; APATHY EVALUATION SCALE; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; AGING; COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEPTION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; SEX DIFFERENCE; VERY ELDERLY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; APATHY; COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PERCEPTION; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEX FACTORS;

EID: 84938693987     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: 18758908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150146     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Marin RS (1990) Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am J Psychiatry 147, 22-30.
2. Lyketsos CG, SteinbergM, Tschanz JT, Norton MC, Steffens DC, Breitner JC (2000) Mental and behavioral disturbances in dementia: Findings from the Cache County Study on Memory in Aging. Am J Psychiatry 157, 708-714.
3. Lyketsos CG, Lopez O, Jones B, Fitzpatrick AL, Breitner J, DeKosky S (2002) Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: Results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA 288, 1475-1483.
4. Mega MS, Cummings JL, Fiorello T, Gornbein J (1996) The spectrum of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 46, 130-135.
5. Apostolova LG, Cummings JL (2008) Neuropsychiatric manifestations in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review of the literature. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 25, 115-126.
6. Kang HS, Ahn IS, Kim JH, Kim DK (2010) Neuropsychiatric symptoms in korean patients with Alzheimer's disease: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the neuropsychiatric inventory. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 29, 82-87.
7. Monastero R, Mangialasche F, Camarda C, Ercolani S, Camarda R (2009) A systematic review of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 18, 11-30.
8. Lopez OL, Becker JT, Sweet RA (2005) Non-cognitive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment subjects. Neurocase 11, 65-71.
9. Johnson DK, Watts AS, Chapin BA, Anderson R, Burns JM (2011) Neuropsychiatric profiles in dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 25, 326-332.
10. Aalten P, Verhey FR, Boziki M, Bullock R, Byrne EJ, Camus V, Caputo M, Collins D, De Deyn PP, Elina K, Frisoni G, Girtler N, Holmes C, Hurt C, Marriott A, Mecocci P, Nobili F, Ousset PJ, Reynish E, Salmon E, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Robert PH (2007) Neuropsychiatric syndromes in dementia. Results from the European Alzheimer Disease Consortium: Part I. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24, 457-463.
11. Aalten P, Verhey FR, Boziki M, Brugnolo A, Bullock R, Byrne EJ, Camus V, Caputo M, Collins D, De Deyn PP, Elina K, Frisoni G, Holmes C, Hurt C, Marriott A, Mecocci P, Nobili F, Ousset PJ, Reynish E, Salmon E, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, RobertPH(2008) Consistency of neuropsychiatric syndromes across dementias: Results from the European Alzheimer Disease Consortium. Part II. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 25, 1-8.
12. Geda YE, Smith GE, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, Tangalos EG, Ivnik RJ, Mrazek DA, Edland SD, Petersen RC (2004) De novo genesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Int Psychogeriatr 16, 51-60.
13. Feldman H, Scheltens P, Scarpini E, Hermann N, Mesenbrink P, Mancione L, Tekin S, Lane R, Ferris S (2004) Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 62, 1199-1201.
14. CaputoM, Monastero R, Mariani E, Santucci A, Mangialasche F, Camarda R, Senin U, Mecocci P (2008) Neuropsychiatric symptoms in 921 elderly subjects with dementia: A comparison between vascular and neurodegenerative types. Acta Psychiatr Scand 117, 455-464.
15. Palmer K, Lupo F, Perri R, Salamone G, Fadda L, Caltagirone C, Musicco M, Cravello L (2011) Predicting disease progression in Alzheimer's disease: The role of neuropsychiatric syndromes on functional and cognitive decline. J Alzheimers Dis 24, 35-45.
16. Geda YE, Roberts RO, Mielke MM, Knopman DS, Christianson TJ, Pankratz VS, Boeve BF, Sochor O, Tangalos EG, Petersen RC, Rocca WA (2014) Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study. Am J Psychiatry 171, 572-581.
17. Palmer K, Di Iulio F, Varsi AE, Gianni W, Sancesario G, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G (2010) Neuropsychiatric predictors of progression from amnestic-mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: The role of depression and apathy. J Alzheimers Dis 20, 175-183.
18. Starkstein SE, Jorge R, Mizrahi R, Robinson RG (2006) A prospective longitudinal study of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77, 8-11.
19. Wadsworth LP, Lorius N, Donovan NJ, Locascio JJ, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Marshall GA (2012) Neuropsychiatric symptoms and global functional impairment along the Alzheimer's continuum. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 34, 96-111.
20. Boyle PA, Malloy PF, Salloway S, Cahn-Weiner DA, Cohen R, Cummings JL (2003) Executive dysfunction and apathy predict functional impairment in Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 11, 214-221.
21. Onyike CU, Sheppard JM, Tschanz JT, Norton MC, Green RC, Steinberg M, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Breitner JC, Lyketsos CG(2007) Epidemiology of apathy in older adults: The Cache County Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15, 365-375.
22. Guercio BJ, Donovan NJ, Ward A, Schultz A, Lorius N, Amariglio RE, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Marshall GA (2015) Apathy is associated with lower inferior temporal cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment and normal elderly individuals. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 21, e22-e27.
23. Ready RE, Ott BR, Grace J, Cahn-Weiner DA (2003) Apathy and executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 11, 222-228.
24. Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Ketchel P, Smith V, MacMillan A, Shelley T, Lopez OL, DeKosky ST (2000) Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 12, 233-239.
25. Apostolova LG, Akopyan GG, Partiali N, Steiner CA, Dutton RA, Hayashi KM, Dinov ID, Toga AW, Cummings JL, Thompson PM (2007) Structrual correlates of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24, 91-97.
26. Bruen PD, McGeown WJ, Shanks MF, Venneri A (2008) Neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 131, 2455-2463.
27. Tunnard C, Whitehead D, Hurt C, Wahlund LO, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Spenger C, Kloszewska I, Soininen H, Lovestone S, Simmons A (2011) Apathy and cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26, 741-748.
28. Lanctôt KL, Moosa S, Herrmann N, Leibovitch FS, Rothenburg L, Cotter A, Black SE (2007)ASPECTstudy of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24, 65-72.
29. Craig AH, Cummings JL, Fairbanks L, Itti L, Miller BL, Li J, Mena I (1996) Cerebral blood flow correlates of apathy in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 53, 1116-1120.
30. Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J (1994) The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 44, 2308-2314.
31. Robert PH, Clairet S, Benoit M, Koutaich J, Bertogliati C, Tible O, Caci H, Borg M, Brocker P, Bedoucha P (2002) The apathy inventory: Assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 17, 1099-1105.
32. Marin RS, Biedrzycki RC, Firinciogullari S (1991) Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Psychiatry Res 38, 143-162.
33. Marin RS, Firinciogullari S, Biedrzycki RC (1993) The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. J Affect Disord 28, 7-14.
34. Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, Katzman R, Peck A (1980) Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol 7, 486-488.
35. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, AdeyM, Leirer VO (1982) Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 17, 37-49.
36. Morris JC (1993) The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): Current version and scoring rules. Neurology 43, 2412-2414.
37. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12, 189-198.
38. Wechsler D (1987) WMS-R Wechsler Memory Scale Revised Manual, The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc, New York.
39. Pfeffer RI, Kurosaki TT, Harrah CH, Chance JM, Filos S (1982) Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. J Gerontol 37, 323-329.
40. ReyA(1964) L'examen clinique en psychologie, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
41. Wechsler D (1981) WAIS-R: Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, The Psychological Corporation, New York.
42. Nelson HE, O'Connell A (1978) Dementia: The estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the New Adult Reading Test. Cortex 14, 234-244.
43. Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DA (2013) Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010-2050) estimated using the 2010 census. Neurology 80, 1778-1783.
44. Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Craft S, Fagan AM, Iwatsubo T, Jack CR Jr, Kaye J, Montine TJ, Park DC, Reiman EM, Rowe CC, Siemers E, Stern Y, Yaffe K, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Morrison-Bogorad M, Wagster MV, Phelps CH (2011) Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 7, 280-292.
45. Karran E, Hardy J (2014) Antiamyloid therapy for Alzheimer's disease-are we on the right road? N Engl J Med 370, 377-378.
46. Sperling RA, Jack CR Jr, Aisen PS (2011) Testing the right target and right drug at the right stage. Sci Transl Med 3, 111cm133.
47. Donovan NJ, Wadsworth LP, Lorius NL, Locascio JJ, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Marshall GA, Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2014) Regional cortical thinning predicts worsening apathy and hallucinations across the Alzheimer disease spectrum. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22, 1168-1179.
48. Donovan NJ, Amariglio RE, Zoller AS, Rudel RK, Gomez-Isla T, Blacker D, Hyman BT, Locascio JJ, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Marshall GA, Rentz DM (2014) Subjective cognitive concerns and neuropsychiatric predictors of progression to the early clinical stages of Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 22, 1642-1651.
49. Debettignies BH, Mahurin RK, Pirozzolo FJ (1990) Insight for impairment in independent living skills in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 12, 355-363.
50. Koss E, Patterson MB, Ownby R, Stuckey JC, Whitehouse PJ (1993) Memory evaluation in Alzheimer's disease: Caregivers' appraisals and objective testing. Arch Neurol 50, 92-97.
51. Tierney MC, Szalai JP, Snow WG, Fisher RH (1996) The prediction of Alzheimer disease: The role of patient and informant perceptions of cognitive deficits. Arch Neurol 53, 423-427.
52. Kuriansky JB, Gurland BJ, Fleiss JL, Cowan D (1976) The assessment of self-care capacity in geriatric psychiatric patients by objective and subjective methods. J Clin Psychol 32, 95-102.
53. Michon A, Deweer B, Pillon B, AgidY, DuboisB(1994) Relation of anosognosia to frontal lobe dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57, 805-809.
54. Albert SM, Michaels K, Padilla M, Pelton G, Bell K, Marder K, Stern Y, Devanand DP (1999) Functional significance of mild cognitive impairment in elderly patients without a dementia diagnosis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 7, 213-220.
55. Schinka JA, Brown LM, Proctor-Weber Z (2009) Measuring change in everyday cognition: Development and initial validation of the cognitive change checklist (3CL). Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17, 516-525.
56. Tabert MH, Albert SM, Borukhova-Milov L, Camacho Y, Pelton G, Liu X, Stern Y, Devanand DP (2002) Functional deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Prediction of AD. Neurology 58, 758-764.
57. Farias ST, Mungas D, Jagust W (2005) Degree of discrepancy between self and other-reported everyday functioning by cognitive status: Dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy elders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 20, 827-834.
58. Caselli RJ, Chen K, Locke DE, LeeW, Roontiva A, Bandy D, Fleisher AS, ReimanEM(2014) Subjective cognitive decline: Self and informant comparisons. Alzheimers Dement 10, 93-98.
59. Amariglio RE, Donohue MC, Marshall GA, Rentz DM, Salmon DP, Ferris SH, Karantzoulis S, Aisen PS, Sperling RA, for the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (2015) Tracking early decline in cognitive function in older individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease dementia: The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Cognitive Function Instrument. JAMA Neurology 72, 446-454.
60. Jessen F, Wiese B, Bachmann C, Eifflaender-Gorfer S, Haller F, Kölsch H, Luck T, Mösch E, van den Bussche H, Wagner M, Wollny A, Zimmerman T, Pentzek M, Riedel-Heller SG, Romberg HP, Weyerer S, Kaduszkiewicz H, MaierW, Bickel H, German Study on Aging, Cognition, Dementia in Primary Care Patients Study Group (2010) Prediction of dementia by subjective memory impairment: Effects of severity and temporal association with cognitive impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67, 414-422.
61. ReisbergB, ShulmanMB, Torossian C, Leng L, ZhuW(2010) Outcome over seven years of healthy adults with and without subjective cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 6, 11-24.
62. Mol ME, van Boxtel MP, Willems D, Jolles J (2006) Do subjective memory complaints predict cognitive dysfunction over time? A six-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 21, 432-441.
63. Saykin AJ, Wishart HA, Rabin LA, Santulli RB, Flashman LA, West JD, McHugh TL, Mamourian AC (2006) Older adults with cognitive complaints show brain atrophy similar to that of amnestic MCI. Neurology 67, 834-842.
64. Galvin JE, Roe CM, Morris JC (2007) Evaluation of cognitive impairment in older adults: Combining brief informant and performance measures. Arch Neurol 64, 718-724.
65. Amariglio RE, Becker JA, Carmasin J, Wadsworth LP, Lorius N, Sullivan C, Maye JE, Gidicsin C, Pepin LC, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Rentz DM (2012) Subjective cognitive complaints and amyloid burden in cognitively normal older individuals. Neuropsychologia 50, 2880-2886.
66. Tschanz JT, Corcoran CD, Schwartz S, Treiber K, Green RC, Norton MC, Mielke MM, Piercy K, Steinberg M, Rabins PV, Leoutsakos JM, Welsh-Bohme KA, Breitner JC, Lyketsos CG (2011) Progression of cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric symptom domains in a population cohort with Alzheimer dementia: The Cache County Dementia Progression study.Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 19, 532-542.
67. Brodaty H, Altendorf A, Withall A, Sachdev P (2010) Do people become more apathetic as they grow older? A longitudinal study in healthy individuals. Int Psychogeriatr 22, 426-436.
68. Holtta EH, Laakkonen ML, Laurila JV, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, PitkalaKH(2012) Apathy: Prevalence, associated factors, and prognostic value among frail, older inpatients. J AmMed Dir Assoc 13, 541-545.
69. Clarke DE, Reekum Rv, Simard M, Streiner DL, Freedman M, Conn D (2007) Apathy in dementia: An examination of the psychometric properties of the apathy evaluation scale. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 19, 57-64.
70. Robert P, Onyike CU, Leentjens AF, Dujardin K, Aalten P, Starkstein S, Verhey FR, Yessavage J, Clement JP, Drapier D, Bayle F, Benoit M, Boyer P, Lorca PM, Thibaut F, Gauthier S, Grossberg G, Vellas B, Byrne J (2009) Proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy in Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur Psychiatry 24, 98-104.
71. Marshall GA, Donovan NJ, Lorius N, Gidicsin CM, Maye J, Pepin LC, Becker JA, Amariglio RE, Rentz DM, Sperling RA, Johnson KA (2013) Apathy is associated with increased amyloid burden in mild cognitive impairment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 25, 302-307.