메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 6, 2016, Pages e67-e94

Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Function: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association

(13)  Iadecola, Costantino a   Yaffe, Kristine b   Biller, José d   Bratzke, Lisa C e   Faraci, Frank M f   Gorelick, Philip B g   Gulati, Martha h   Kamel, Hooman a   Knopman, David S i   Launer, Lenore J j   Saczynski, Jane S k   Seshadri, Sudha l   Al Hazzouri, Adina Zeki c  


Author keywords

AHA Scientific Statements; Alzheimer disease; biomarkers; blood pressure; clinical trials; neuroimaging; therapy; vascular cognitive impairment

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; RAMIPRIL; TELMISARTAN;

EID: 84994824011     PISSN: 0194911X     EISSN: 15244563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000053     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (523)

References (326)
  • 1
    • 84862852341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization
    • Dementia: A Public Health Priority. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2012.
    • (2012) Dementia: A Public Health Priority
  • 2
    • 84872109456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global prevalence of dementia: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, Wimo A, Ribeiro W, Ferri CP. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9:63-75.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.007.
    • (2013) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.9 , pp. 63-75
    • Prince, M.1    Bryce, R.2    Albanese, E.3    Wimo, A.4    Ribeiro, W.5    Ferri, C.P.6
  • 6
    • 84864287773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and cognitive functioning: A perspective in historical context
    • Elias MF, Goodell AL, Dore GA. Hypertension and cognitive functioning: a perspective in historical context. Hypertension. 2012;60:260-268. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.186429.
    • (2012) Hypertension. , vol.60 , pp. 260-268
    • Elias, M.F.1    Goodell, A.L.2    Dore, G.A.3
  • 8
    • 0037319288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Converging pathogenic mechanisms in vascular and neurodegenerative dementia
    • Iadecola C, Gorelick PB. Converging pathogenic mechanisms in vascular and neurodegenerative dementia. Stroke. 2003;34:335-337.
    • (2003) Stroke. , vol.34 , pp. 335-337
    • Iadecola, C.1    Gorelick, P.B.2
  • 9
    • 84920837425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The overlap between vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease: Lessons from pathology
    • Attems J, Jellinger KA. The overlap between vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease: lessons from pathology. BMC Med. 2014;12:206. doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0206-2.
    • (2014) BMC Med. , vol.12 , pp. 206
    • Attems, J.1    Jellinger, K.A.2
  • 10
    • 84883402644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of cerebrovascular disease in autopsy confirmed neurodegenerative disease cases in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centre
    • Toledo JB, Arnold SE, Raible K, Brettschneider J, Xie SX, Grossman M, Monsell SE, Kukull WA, Trojanowski JQ. Contribution of cerebrovascular disease in autopsy confirmed neurodegenerative disease cases in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centre. Brain. 2013;136(pt 9):2697-2706. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt188.
    • (2013) Brain. , vol.136 , pp. 2697-2706
    • Toledo, J.B.1    Arnold, S.E.2    Raible, K.3    Brettschneider, J.4    Xie, S.X.5    Grossman, M.6    Monsell, S.E.7    Kukull, W.A.8    Trojanowski, J.Q.9
  • 11
    • 70149097327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA. The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009;66:200-208. doi: 10.1002/ana.21706.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 200-208
    • Schneider, J.A.1    Arvanitakis, Z.2    Leurgans, S.E.3    Bennett, D.A.4
  • 14
    • 84927919884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and imaging features of mixed Alzheimer and vascular pathologies
    • Chui HC, Ramirez-Gomez L. Clinical and imaging features of mixed Alzheimer and vascular pathologies. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015;7:21. doi: 10.1186/s13195-015-0104-7.
    • (2015) Alzheimers Res Ther. , vol.7 , pp. 21
    • Chui, H.C.1    Ramirez-Gomez, L.2
  • 15
    • 84904264999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: An analysis of population-based data [published correction appears in Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:1020]
    • Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Brayne C. Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: an analysis of population-based data [published correction appears in Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:1020]. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:788-794. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70136-X.
    • (2014) Lancet Neurol. , vol.13 , pp. 788-794
    • Norton, S.1    Matthews, F.E.2    Barnes, D.E.3    Yaffe, K.4    Brayne, C.5
  • 16
    • 84886389767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension: A harbinger of stroke and dementia
    • Faraco G, Iadecola C. Hypertension: a harbinger of stroke and dementia. Hypertension. 2013;62:810-817. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA. 113.01063.
    • (2013) Hypertension. , vol.62 , pp. 810-817
    • Faraco, G.1    Iadecola, C.2
  • 17
    • 77953533246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral small vessel disease: From pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges
    • Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:689-701. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70104-6.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol. , vol.9 , pp. 689-701
    • Pantoni, L.1
  • 18
    • 84872687027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of hypertension: A remarkable success story
    • Moser M, Roccella EJ. The treatment of hypertension: a remarkable success story. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013;15:88-91. doi: 10.1111/ jch.12033.
    • (2013) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). , vol.15 , pp. 88-91
    • Moser, M.1    Roccella, E.J.2
  • 19
    • 84893749986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality: A statement from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association
    • Lackland DT, Roccella EJ, Deutsch AF, Fornage M, George MG, Howard G, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Schwamm LH, Smith EE, Towfighi A; on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology. Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality: a statement from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45:315-353. doi: 10.1161/01. str.0000437068.30550.cf.
    • (2014) Stroke. , vol.45 , pp. 315-353
    • Lackland, D.T.1    Roccella, E.J.2    Deutsch, A.F.3    Fornage, M.4    George, M.G.5    Howard, G.6    Kissela, B.M.7    Kittner, S.J.8    Lichtman, J.H.9    Lisabeth, L.D.10    Schwamm, L.H.11    Smith, E.E.12    Towfighi, A.13
  • 20
    • 2342614850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurovascular regulation in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease
    • Iadecola C. Neurovascular regulation in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004;5:347-360. doi: 10.1038/nrn1387.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 347-360
    • Iadecola, C.1
  • 22
    • 79955770689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting against vascular disease in brain
    • Faraci FM. Protecting against vascular disease in brain. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;300:H1566-H1582. doi: 10.1152/ ajpheart.01310.2010.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. , vol.300 , pp. H1566-H1582
    • Faraci, F.M.1
  • 23
    • 84930156225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structural factor of hypertension: Large and small artery alterations
    • Laurent S, Boutouyrie P. The structural factor of hypertension: large and small artery alterations. Circ Res. 2015;116:1007-1021. doi: 10.1161/ CIRCRESAHA.116.303596.
    • (2015) Circ Res. , vol.116 , pp. 1007-1021
    • Laurent, S.1    Boutouyrie, P.2
  • 24
    • 0024391929 scopus 로고
    • Remodeling of cerebral arterioles in chronic hypertension
    • Baumbach GL, Heistad DD. Remodeling of cerebral arterioles in chronic hypertension. Hypertension. 1989;13(pt 2):968-972.
    • (1989) Hypertension. , vol.13 , pp. 968-972
    • Baumbach, G.L.1    Heistad, D.D.2
  • 27
    • 84888019151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathobiology of vascular dementia
    • Iadecola C. The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron. 2013;80:844-866. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008.
    • (2013) Neuron. , vol.80 , pp. 844-866
    • Iadecola, C.1
  • 29
    • 84855358652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid arterial wall characteristics are associated with incident ischemic stroke but not coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
    • Yang EY, Chambless L, Sharrett AR, Virani SS, Liu X, Tang Z, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM, Nambi V. Carotid arterial wall characteristics are associated with incident ischemic stroke but not coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Stroke. 2012;43:103-108. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.626200.
    • (2012) Stroke. , vol.43 , pp. 103-108
    • Yang, E.Y.1    Chambless, L.2    Sharrett, A.R.3    Virani, S.S.4    Liu, X.5    Tang, Z.6    Boerwinkle, E.7    Ballantyne, C.M.8    Nambi, V.9
  • 31
    • 84958063320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral small vessel disease: Role of aortic stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics
    • Mitchell GF. Cerebral small vessel disease: role of aortic stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics. J Hypertens. 2015;33:2025-2028. doi: 10.1097/ HJH.0000000000000717.
    • (2015) J Hypertens. , vol.33 , pp. 2025-2028
    • Mitchell, G.F.1
  • 32
    • 84931574664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors cause premature rarefaction of the collateral circulation and greater ischemic tissue injury
    • Moore SM, Zhang H, Maeda N, Doerschuk CM, Faber JE. Cardiovascular risk factors cause premature rarefaction of the collateral circulation and greater ischemic tissue injury. Angiogenesis. 2015;18:265-281. doi: 10.1007/s10456-015-9465-6.
    • (2015) Angiogenesis. , vol.18 , pp. 265-281
    • Moore, S.M.1    Zhang, H.2    Maeda, N.3    Doerschuk, C.M.4    Faber, J.E.5
  • 34
    • 84924569075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral angiography, blood flow and vascular reactivity in progressive hypertension
    • Li Y, Shen Q, Huang S, Li W, Muir ER, Long JA, Duong TQ. Cerebral angiography, blood flow and vascular reactivity in progressive hypertension. Neuroimage. 2015;111:329-337. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.053.
    • (2015) Neuroimage. , vol.111 , pp. 329-337
    • Li, Y.1    Shen, Q.2    Huang, S.3    Li, W.4    Muir, E.R.5    Long, J.A.6    Duong, T.Q.7
  • 35
    • 84863395276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow: The SMART-MR study
    • Muller M, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FL, Mali WP, Geerlings MI; SMART Study Group. Hypertension and longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow: the SMART-MR study. Ann Neurol. 2012;71:825-833. doi: 10.1002/ ana.23554.
    • (2012) Ann Neurol. , vol.71 , pp. 825-833
    • Muller, M.1    Van Der Graaf, Y.2    Visseren, F.L.3    Mali, W.P.4    Geerlings, M.I.5
  • 38
    • 84930523330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity-induced hypertension: Interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms
    • Hall JE, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Wang Z, Hall ME. Obesity-induced hypertension: interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms. Circ Res. 2015;116:991-1006. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305697.
    • (2015) Circ Res. , vol.116 , pp. 991-1006
    • Hall, J.E.1    Do Carmo, J.M.2    Da Silva, A.A.3    Wang, Z.4    Hall, M.E.5
  • 39
    • 0033209906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-of-the-art lecture: Role of angiotensin and oxidative stress in essential hypertension
    • Romero JC, Reckelhoff JF. State-of-the-art lecture: role of angiotensin and oxidative stress in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1999;34(pt 2):943-949.
    • (1999) Hypertension. , vol.34 , pp. 943-949
    • Romero, J.C.1    Reckelhoff, J.F.2
  • 40
    • 84943371338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-II, the brain, and hypertension: An update
    • Young CN, Davisson RL. Angiotensin-II, the brain, and hypertension: an update. Hypertension. 2015;66:920-926. doi: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.03624.
    • (2015) Hypertension. , vol.66 , pp. 920-926
    • Young, C.N.1    Davisson, R.L.2
  • 41
    • 11144328072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypercholesterolemia stimulates angiotensin peptide synthesis and contributes to atherosclerosis through the AT1A receptor
    • Daugherty A, Rateri DL, Lu H, Inagami T, Cassis LA. Hypercholesterolemia stimulates angiotensin peptide synthesis and contributes to atherosclerosis through the AT1A receptor. Circulation. 2004;110:3849-3857. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000150540.54220.C4.
    • (2004) Circulation. , vol.110 , pp. 3849-3857
    • Daugherty, A.1    Rateri, D.L.2    Lu, H.3    Inagami, T.4    Cassis, L.A.5
  • 42
    • 84861526166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of the angiotensin II type 1a receptor prevents atherosclerotic plaque rupture in apolipoprotein E-/-mice [published correction appears in Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:e18]
    • Aono J, Suzuki J, Iwai M, Horiuchi M, Nagai T, Nishimura K, Inoue K, Ogimoto A, Okayama H, Higaki J. Deletion of the angiotensin II type 1a receptor prevents atherosclerotic plaque rupture in apolipoprotein E-/-mice [published correction appears in Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:e18]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:1453-1459. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.249516.
    • (2012) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. , vol.32 , pp. 1453-1459
    • Aono, J.1    Suzuki, J.2    Iwai, M.3    Horiuchi, M.4    Nagai, T.5    Nishimura, K.6    Inoue, K.7    Ogimoto, A.8    Okayama, H.9    Higaki, J.10
  • 43
    • 84931263025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired Aβ clearance: A potential link between atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease
    • Gupta A, Iadecola C. Impaired Aβ clearance: a potential link between atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015;7:115. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00115.
    • (2015) Front Aging Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 115
    • Gupta, A.1    Iadecola, C.2
  • 45
    • 84951569058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension enhances Aβ-induced neurovascular dysfunction, promotes β-secretase activity, and leads to amyloidogenic processing of APP
    • Faraco G, Park L, Zhou P, Luo W, Paul SM, Anrather J, Iadecola C. Hypertension enhances Aβ-induced neurovascular dysfunction, promotes β-secretase activity, and leads to amyloidogenic processing of APP. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016;36:241-252. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.79.
    • (2016) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. , vol.36 , pp. 241-252
    • Faraco, G.1    Park, L.2    Zhou, P.3    Luo, W.4    Paul, S.M.5    Anrather, J.6    Iadecola, C.7
  • 46
    • 84884551280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of Nox2 prevents angiotensin II-induced inward remodeling in cerebral arterioles
    • Chan SL, Baumbach GL. Deficiency of Nox2 prevents angiotensin II-induced inward remodeling in cerebral arterioles. Front Physiol. 2013;4:133. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00133.
    • (2013) Front Physiol. , vol.4 , pp. 133
    • Chan, S.L.1    Baumbach, G.L.2
  • 47
    • 84929131125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor receptor is critical for angiotensin II-mediated hypertrophy in cerebral arterioles
    • Chan SL, Umesalma S, Baumbach GL. Epidermal growth factor receptor is critical for angiotensin II-mediated hypertrophy in cerebral arterioles. Hypertension. 2015;65:806-812. doi: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04794.
    • (2015) Hypertension. , vol.65 , pp. 806-812
    • Chan, S.L.1    Umesalma, S.2    Baumbach, G.L.3
  • 48
    • 84894499335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and mechanical stretch promote aortic stiffening in hypertension through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Wu J, Thabet SR, Kirabo A, Trott DW, Saleh MA, Xiao L, Madhur MS, Chen W, Harrison DG. Inflammation and mechanical stretch promote aortic stiffening in hypertension through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Circ Res. 2014;114:616-625. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302157.
    • (2014) Circ Res. , vol.114 , pp. 616-625
    • Wu, J.1    Thabet, S.R.2    Kirabo, A.3    Trott, D.W.4    Saleh, M.A.5    Xiao, L.6    Madhur, M.S.7    Chen, W.8    Harrison, D.G.9
  • 49
    • 84898849858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial nitric oxide: Protector of a healthy mind
    • Katusic ZS, Austin SA. Endothelial nitric oxide: protector of a healthy mind. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:888-894. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht544.
    • (2014) Eur Heart J. , vol.35 , pp. 888-894
    • Katusic, Z.S.1    Austin, S.A.2
  • 50
    • 84856930011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences
    • Cipolla MJ. The Cerebral Circulation. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2009:1-59.
    • (2009) The Cerebral Circulation , pp. 1-59
    • Cipolla, M.J.1
  • 51
    • 33644820886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial influences on cerebrovascular tone
    • Andresen J, Shafi NI, Bryan RM Jr. Endothelial influences on cerebrovascular tone. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;100:318-327. doi: 10.1152/ japplphysiol.00937.2005.
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol (1985) , vol.100 , pp. 318-327
    • Andresen, J.1    Shafi, N.I.2    Bryan, R.M.3
  • 52
    • 84904628424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for the vascular endothelium in functional neurovascular coupling in the brain
    • Chen BR, Kozberg MG, Bouchard MB, Shaik MA, Hillman EM. A critical role for the vascular endothelium in functional neurovascular coupling in the brain. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000787. doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.114.000787.
    • (2014) J Am Heart Assoc. , vol.3
    • Chen, B.R.1    Kozberg, M.G.2    Bouchard, M.B.3    Shaik, M.A.4    Hillman, E.M.5
  • 53
    • 84947046996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: A review of endothelium-mediated mechanisms and ensuing vicious circles
    • Di Marco LY, Venneri A, Farkas E, Evans PC, Marzo A, Frangi AF. Vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a review of endothelium-mediated mechanisms and ensuing vicious circles. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;82:593-606. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.014.
    • (2015) Neurobiol Dis. , vol.82 , pp. 593-606
    • Di Marco, L.Y.1    Venneri, A.2    Farkas, E.3    Evans, P.C.4    Marzo, A.5    Frangi, A.F.6
  • 54
    • 84867559843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the vascular endothelium and plaque in acute ischemic stroke
    • Madden JA. Role of the vascular endothelium and plaque in acute ischemic stroke. Neurology. 2012;79(suppl 1):S58-S62. doi: 10.1212/ WNL.0b013e3182695836.
    • (2012) Neurology. , vol.79 , pp. S58-S62
    • Madden, J.A.1
  • 55
    • 84951569612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating biologic markers of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease: A review
    • Poggesi A, Pasi M, Pescini F, Pantoni L, Inzitari D. Circulating biologic markers of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease: a review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016;36:72-94. doi: 10.1038/ jcbfm.2015.116.
    • (2016) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. , vol.36 , pp. 72-94
    • Poggesi, A.1    Pasi, M.2    Pescini, F.3    Pantoni, L.4    Inzitari, D.5
  • 57
    • 84904671524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling mechanism and significance of the BOLD signal: A status report
    • Hillman EM. Coupling mechanism and significance of the BOLD signal: a status report. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2014;37:161-181. doi: 10.1146/ annurev-neuro-071013-014111.
    • (2014) Annu Rev Neurosci. , vol.37 , pp. 161-181
    • Hillman, E.M.1
  • 59
    • 44349099674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral autoregulation: An overview of current concepts and methodology with special focus on the elderly
    • van Beek AH, Claassen JA, Rikkert MG, Jansen RW. Cerebral autoregulation: an overview of current concepts and methodology with special focus on the elderly. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28:1071-1085. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.13.
    • (2008) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. , vol.28 , pp. 1071-1085
    • Van Beek, A.H.1    Claassen, J.A.2    Rikkert, M.G.3    Jansen, R.W.4
  • 60
    • 84865203221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral autoregulation and acute ischemic stroke
    • Jordan JD, Powers WJ. Cerebral autoregulation and acute ischemic stroke. Am J Hypertens. 2012;25:946-950. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2012.53.
    • (2012) Am J Hypertens. , vol.25 , pp. 946-950
    • Jordan, J.D.1    Powers, W.J.2
  • 61
    • 0037196880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive patients [published correction appears in J Neurol Sci. 2002;201:91]
    • Traon AP, Costes-Salon MC, Galinier M, Fourcade J, Larrue V. Dynamics of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in hypertensive patients [published correction appears in J Neurol Sci. 2002;201:91]. J Neurol Sci. 2002;195:139-144.
    • (2002) J Neurol Sci. , vol.195 , pp. 139-144
    • Traon, A.P.1    Costes-Salon, M.C.2    Galinier, M.3    Fourcade, J.4    Larrue, V.5
  • 62
    • 84939511933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology, and outstanding questions [published correction appears in Lancet Neurol. 2014;14:874]
    • Fugate JE, Rabinstein AA. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: clinical and radiological manifestations, pathophysiology, and outstanding questions [published correction appears in Lancet Neurol. 2014;14:874]. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14:914-925. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00111-8.
    • (2015) Lancet Neurol. , vol.14 , pp. 914-925
    • Fugate, J.E.1    Rabinstein, A.A.2
  • 63
    • 84890879265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy
    • Price RS, Kasner SE. Hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;119:161-167. doi: 10.1016/ B978-0-7020-4086-3.00012-6.
    • (2014) Handb Clin Neurol. , vol.119 , pp. 161-167
    • Price, R.S.1    Kasner, S.E.2
  • 64
    • 0141920367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: The management of hypertensive crises
    • Varon J, Marik PE. Clinical review: the management of hypertensive crises. Crit Care. 2003;7:374-384. doi: 10.1186/cc2351.
    • (2003) Crit Care. , vol.7 , pp. 374-384
    • Varon, J.1    Marik, P.E.2
  • 66
    • 33747889237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vascular supply of the functional compartments of the human striatum
    • Feekes JA, Cassell MD. The vascular supply of the functional compartments of the human striatum. Brain. 2006;129(pt 8):2189-2201. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl158.
    • (2006) Brain. , vol.129 , pp. 2189-2201
    • Feekes, J.A.1    Cassell, M.D.2
  • 67
    • 21844464566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tertiary microvascular territories define lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia
    • Feekes JA, Hsu SW, Chaloupka JC, Cassell MD. Tertiary microvascular territories define lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia. Ann Neurol. 2005;58:18-30. doi: 10.1002/ana.20505.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol. , vol.58 , pp. 18-30
    • Feekes, J.A.1    Hsu, S.W.2    Chaloupka, J.C.3    Cassell, M.D.4
  • 70
    • 84943255434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain barriers: Crosstalk between complex tight junctions and adherens junctions
    • Tietz S, Engelhardt B. Brain barriers: crosstalk between complex tight junctions and adherens junctions. J Cell Biol. 2015;209:493-506. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201412147.
    • (2015) J Cell Biol. , vol.209 , pp. 493-506
    • Tietz, S.1    Engelhardt, B.2
  • 71
    • 84947901598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier
    • Zhao Z, Nelson AR, Betsholtz C, Zlokovic BV. Establishment and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. Cell. 2015;163:1064-1078. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.067.
    • (2015) Cell. , vol.163 , pp. 1064-1078
    • Zhao, Z.1    Nelson, A.R.2    Betsholtz, C.3    Zlokovic, B.V.4
  • 72
    • 84902652960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pericyte: A forgotten cell type with important implications for Alzheimer's disease?
    • Winkler EA, Sagare AP, Zlokovic BV. The pericyte: a forgotten cell type with important implications for Alzheimer's disease? Brain Pathol. 2014;24:371-386. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12152.
    • (2014) Brain Pathol. , vol.24 , pp. 371-386
    • Winkler, E.A.1    Sagare, A.P.2    Zlokovic, B.V.3
  • 73
    • 84863487143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological diseases in relation to the blood-brain barrier
    • Rosenberg GA. Neurological diseases in relation to the blood-brain barrier. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32:1139-1151. doi: 10.1038/ jcbfm.2011.197.
    • (2012) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. , vol.32 , pp. 1139-1151
    • Rosenberg, G.A.1
  • 74
  • 75
    • 84876488222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: Insights from neuroimaging [published correction appears in Lancet. 2013;12:532]
    • Wardlaw JM, Smith C, Dichgans M. Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging [published correction appears in Lancet. 2013;12:532]. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:483-497. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70060-7.
    • (2013) Lancet Neurol. , vol.12 , pp. 483-497
    • Wardlaw, J.M.1    Smith, C.2    Dichgans, M.3
  • 76
    • 84897451255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral small vessel disease: Insights and opportunities from mouse models of collagen IV-related small vessel disease and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
    • Joutel A, Faraci FM. Cerebral small vessel disease: insights and opportunities from mouse models of collagen IV-related small vessel disease and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Stroke. 2014;45:1215-1221. doi: 10.1161/ STROKEAHA.113.002878.
    • (2014) Stroke. , vol.45 , pp. 1215-1221
    • Joutel, A.1    Faraci, F.M.2
  • 79
    • 0031909407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Binswanger's disease; An immunohistochemical study
    • Akiguchi I, Tomimoto H, Suenaga T, Wakita H, Budka H. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Binswanger's disease; an immunohistochemical study. Acta Neuropathol. 1998;95:78-84.
    • (1998) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.95 , pp. 78-84
    • Akiguchi, I.1    Tomimoto, H.2    Suenaga, T.3    Wakita, H.4    Budka, H.5
  • 82
    • 79961230399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericytes: Developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises
    • Armulik A, Genové G, Betsholtz C. Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. Dev Cell. 2011;21:193-215. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.07.001.
    • (2011) Dev Cell. , vol.21 , pp. 193-215
    • Armulik, A.1    Genové, G.2    Betsholtz, C.3
  • 83
    • 0037217525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic evidence of microvascular rarefaction in the brain of renal hypertensive rats
    • Suzuki K, Masawa N, Sakata N, Takatama M. Pathologic evidence of microvascular rarefaction in the brain of renal hypertensive rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;12:8-16. doi: 10.1053/jscd.2003.1.
    • (2003) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 8-16
    • Suzuki, K.1    Masawa, N.2    Sakata, N.3    Takatama, M.4
  • 86
    • 0021239287 scopus 로고
    • Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test performance of patients with and without memory impairment
    • Rosenberg SJ, Ryan JJ, Prifitera A. Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test performance of patients with and without memory impairment. J Clin Psychol. 1984;40:785-787.
    • (1984) J Clin Psychol. , vol.40 , pp. 785-787
    • Rosenberg, S.J.1    Ryan, J.J.2    Prifitera, A.3
  • 87
    • 0024501397 scopus 로고
    • A verbal memory test with high predictive accuracy for dementia of the Alzheimer type
    • Knopman DS, Ryberg S. A verbal memory test with high predictive accuracy for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol. 1989;46:141-145.
    • (1989) Arch Neurol. , vol.46 , pp. 141-145
    • Knopman, D.S.1    Ryberg, S.2
  • 90
    • 0024453856 scopus 로고
    • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), part I: Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Morris JC, Heyman A, Mohs RC, Hughes JP, van Belle G, Fillenbaum G, Mellits ED, Clark C. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), part I: clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1989;39:1159-1165.
    • (1989) Neurology. , vol.39 , pp. 1159-1165
    • Morris, J.C.1    Heyman, A.2    Mohs, R.C.3    Hughes, J.P.4    Van Belle, G.5    Fillenbaum, G.6    Mellits, E.D.7    Clark, C.8
  • 92
    • 0000119553 scopus 로고
    • Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage
    • Reitan R. Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1958;18:271-276
    • (1958) Perceptual and Motor Skills. , vol.18 , pp. 271-276
    • Reitan, R.1
  • 96
    • 84892912643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal evolution of cognitive changes in incident hypertension: Prospective cohort study across the adult age span
    • Köhler S, Baars MA, Spauwen P, Schievink S, Verhey FR, van Boxtel MJ. Temporal evolution of cognitive changes in incident hypertension: prospective cohort study across the adult age span. Hypertension. 2014;63:245-251. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02096.
    • (2014) Hypertension. , vol.63 , pp. 245-251
    • Köhler, S.1    Baars, M.A.2    Spauwen, P.3    Schievink, S.4    Verhey, F.R.5    Van Boxtel, M.J.6
  • 98
    • 0031729779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systolic blood pressure tracking over 25 to 30 years and cognitive performance in older adults
    • Swan GE, Carmelli D, Larue A. Systolic blood pressure tracking over 25 to 30 years and cognitive performance in older adults. Stroke. 1998;29:2334-2340.
    • (1998) Stroke. , vol.29 , pp. 2334-2340
    • Swan, G.E.1    Carmelli, D.2    Larue, A.3
  • 99
    • 80051508807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline
    • Debette S, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Au R, Himali JJ, Palumbo C, Wolf PA, DeCarli C. Midlife vascular risk factor exposure accelerates structural brain aging and cognitive decline. Neurology. 2011;77:461-468. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318227b227.
    • (2011) Neurology. , vol.77 , pp. 461-468
    • Debette, S.1    Seshadri, S.2    Beiser, A.3    Au, R.4    Himali, J.J.5    Palumbo, C.6    Wolf, P.A.7    DeCarli, C.8
  • 103
    • 0031951913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: A 20-year follow-up of 999 men
    • Kilander L, Nyman H, Boberg M, Hansson L, Lithell H. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension. 1998;31:780-786.
    • (1998) Hypertension. , vol.31 , pp. 780-786
    • Kilander, L.1    Nyman, H.2    Boberg, M.3    Hansson, L.4    Lithell, H.5
  • 105
    • 40149084310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High blood pressure, hypertension, and high pulse pressure are associated with poorer cognitive function in persons aged 60 and older: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Obisesan TO, Obisesan OA, Martins S, Alamgir L, Bond V, Maxwell C, Gillum RF. High blood pressure, hypertension, and high pulse pressure are associated with poorer cognitive function in persons aged 60 and older: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:501-509. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01592.x.
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 501-509
    • Obisesan, T.O.1    Obisesan, O.A.2    Martins, S.3    Alamgir, L.4    Bond, V.5    Maxwell, C.6    Gillum, R.F.7
  • 106
    • 0029617996 scopus 로고
    • The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Foley D, Havlik RJ. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995;274:1846-1851.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 1846-1851
    • Launer, L.J.1    Masaki, K.2    Petrovitch, H.3    Foley, D.4    Havlik, R.J.5
  • 107
    • 0030955583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination in the very old: Crosssectional and longitudinal data from the Kungsholmen Project
    • Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Blood pressure and performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination in the very old: crosssectional and longitudinal data from the Kungsholmen Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145:1106-1113.
    • (1997) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.145 , pp. 1106-1113
    • Guo, Z.1    Fratiglioni, L.2    Winblad, B.3    Viitanen, M.4
  • 108
    • 14644406855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear relations of blood pressure to cognitive function: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
    • Waldstein SR, Giggey PP, Thayer JF, Zonderman AB. Nonlinear relations of blood pressure to cognitive function: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Hypertension. 2005;45:374-379. doi: 10.1161/01. HYP.0000156744.44218.74.
    • (2005) Hypertension. , vol.45 , pp. 374-379
    • Waldstein, S.R.1    Giggey, P.P.2    Thayer, J.F.3    Zonderman, A.B.4
  • 110
    • 79951673354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher blood pressure associated with higher cognition and functionality among centenarians in Australia
    • Richmond R, Law J, Kay-Lambkin F. Higher blood pressure associated with higher cognition and functionality among centenarians in Australia. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24:299-303. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2010.236.
    • (2011) Am J Hypertens. , vol.24 , pp. 299-303
    • Richmond, R.1    Law, J.2    Kay-Lambkin, F.3
  • 111
    • 84858285594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in nondemented oldest-old: Prevalence and relationship to cardiovascular risk factors
    • Peltz CB, Corrada MM, Berlau DJ, Kawas CH. Cognitive impairment in nondemented oldest-old: prevalence and relationship to cardiovascular risk factors. Alzheimers Dement. 2012;8:87-94. doi: 10.1016/j. jalz.2011.02.008.
    • (2012) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.8 , pp. 87-94
    • Peltz, C.B.1    Corrada, M.M.2    Berlau, D.J.3    Kawas, C.H.4
  • 113
    • 0027453765 scopus 로고
    • Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: The Framingham Study
    • Elias MF, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Cobb J, White LR. Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993;138:353-364.
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.138 , pp. 353-364
    • Elias, M.F.1    Wolf, P.A.2    D'Agostino, R.B.3    Cobb, J.4    White, L.R.5
  • 114
    • 0034021087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between low diastolic blood pressure in middle age and cognitive function in old age: A population-based study
    • Kilander L, Nyman H, Boberg M, Lithell H. The association between low diastolic blood pressure in middle age and cognitive function in old age: a population-based study. Age Ageing. 2000;29:243-248.
    • (2000) Age Ageing. , vol.29 , pp. 243-248
    • Kilander, L.1    Nyman, H.2    Boberg, M.3    Lithell, H.4
  • 115
    • 7244236386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressurerelated cognitive decline: Does age make a difference?
    • Elias PK, Elias MF, Robbins MA, Budge MM. Blood pressurerelated cognitive decline: does age make a difference? Hypertension. 2004;44:631-636. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000145858.07252.99.
    • (2004) Hypertension. , vol.44 , pp. 631-636
    • Elias, P.K.1    Elias, M.F.2    Robbins, M.A.3    Budge, M.M.4
  • 116
    • 84929164137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehypertension in midlife is associated with worse cognition a decade later in middle-aged and older women
    • Chen KH, Henderson VW, Stolwyk RJ, Dennerstein L, Szoeke C. Prehypertension in midlife is associated with worse cognition a decade later in middle-aged and older women. Age Ageing. 2015;44:439-445. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afv026.
    • (2015) Age Ageing. , vol.44 , pp. 439-445
    • Chen, K.H.1    Henderson, V.W.2    Stolwyk, R.J.3    Dennerstein, L.4    Szoeke, C.5
  • 118
    • 84937397865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a cumulative effect of cardiometabolic disorders at midlife and subsequent cognitive function
    • Kesse-Guyot E, Julia C, Andreeva V, Fezeu L, Hercberg S, Galan P. Evidence of a cumulative effect of cardiometabolic disorders at midlife and subsequent cognitive function. Age Ageing. 2015;44:648-654. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afv053.
    • (2015) Age Ageing. , vol.44 , pp. 648-654
    • Kesse-Guyot, E.1    Julia, C.2    Andreeva, V.3    Fezeu, L.4    Hercberg, S.5    Galan, P.6
  • 121
    • 34247624267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline in elderly Latinos: Findings from the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging study
    • Yaffe K, Haan M, Blackwell T, Cherkasova E, Whitmer RA, West N. Metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline in elderly Latinos: findings from the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:758-762. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01139.x.
    • (2007) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.55 , pp. 758-762
    • Yaffe, K.1    Haan, M.2    Blackwell, T.3    Cherkasova, E.4    Whitmer, R.A.5    West, N.6
  • 122
    • 51249104031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the effect of hypertension and baseline blood pressure on cognitive decline and dementia in postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
    • Johnson KC, Margolis KL, Espeland MA, Colenda CC, Fillit H, Manson JE, Masaki KH, Mouton CP, Prineas R, Robinson JG, Wassertheil-Smoller S; Women's Health Initiative Memory Study and Women's Health Initiative Investigators. A prospective study of the effect of hypertension and baseline blood pressure on cognitive decline and dementia in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1449-1458. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01806.x.
    • (2008) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 1449-1458
    • Johnson, K.C.1    Margolis, K.L.2    Espeland, M.A.3    Colenda, C.C.4    Fillit, H.5    Manson, J.E.6    Masaki, K.H.7    Mouton, C.P.8    Prineas, R.9    Robinson, J.G.10    Wassertheil-Smoller, S.11
  • 124
    • 84877024880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in adults aged 50 and over: A population-based cohort study
    • Dregan A, Stewart R, Gulliford MC. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in adults aged 50 and over: a population-based cohort study. Age Ageing. 2013;42:338-345. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afs166.
    • (2013) Age Ageing. , vol.42 , pp. 338-345
    • Dregan, A.1    Stewart, R.2    Gulliford, M.C.3
  • 125
    • 83055173260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effect of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure on cognitive function: The Women's Health and Aging Study II
    • Yasar S, Ko JY, Nothelle S, Mielke MM, Carlson MC. Evaluation of the effect of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure on cognitive function: the Women's Health and Aging Study II. PLoS One. 2011;6:e27976. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027976.
    • (2011) PLoS One. , vol.6
    • Yasar, S.1    Ko, J.Y.2    Nothelle, S.3    Mielke, M.M.4    Carlson, M.C.5
  • 130
    • 2442668997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive performance in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Suhr JA, Stewart JC, France CR. The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive performance in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Psychosom Med. 2004;66:291-297.
    • (2004) Psychosom Med. , vol.66 , pp. 291-297
    • Suhr, J.A.1    Stewart, J.C.2    France, C.R.3
  • 131
    • 0028840753 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological test performance, cognitive functioning, blood pressure, and age: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Elias MF, D'Agostino RB, Elias PK, Wolf PA. Neuropsychological test performance, cognitive functioning, blood pressure, and age: the Framingham Heart Study. Exp Aging Res. 1995;21:369-391. doi: 10.1080/03610739508253991.
    • (1995) Exp Aging Res. , vol.21 , pp. 369-391
    • Elias, M.F.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Elias, P.K.3    Wolf, P.A.4
  • 133
    • 0026064452 scopus 로고
    • Probability of stroke: A risk profile from the Framingham Study
    • Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22:312-318.
    • (1991) Stroke. , vol.22 , pp. 312-318
    • Wolf, P.A.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Belanger, A.J.3    Kannel, W.B.4
  • 135
    • 34147101131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of obesity to cognitive function: Importance of central obesity and synergistic influence of concomitant hypertension: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Wolf PA, Beiser A, Elias MF, Au R, Vasan RS, Seshadri S. Relation of obesity to cognitive function: importance of central obesity and synergistic influence of concomitant hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2007;4:111-116.
    • (2007) Curr Alzheimer Res. , vol.4 , pp. 111-116
    • Wolf, P.A.1    Beiser, A.2    Elias, M.F.3    Au, R.4    Vasan, R.S.5    Seshadri, S.6
  • 139
    • 0033532737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of APOE epsilon4 in modulating effects of other risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly persons
    • Haan MN, Shemanski L, Jagust WJ, Manolio TA, Kuller L. The role of APOE epsilon4 in modulating effects of other risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly persons. JAMA. 1999;282:40-46.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 40-46
    • Haan, M.N.1    Shemanski, L.2    Jagust, W.J.3    Manolio, T.A.4    Kuller, L.5
  • 141
    • 0035214708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effect of the APOE gene and midlife systolic blood pressure on late-life cognitive impairment: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Peila R, White LR, Petrovich H, Masaki K, Ross GW, Havlik RJ, Launer LJ. Joint effect of the APOE gene and midlife systolic blood pressure on late-life cognitive impairment: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Stroke. 2001;32:2882-2889.
    • (2001) Stroke. , vol.32 , pp. 2882-2889
    • Peila, R.1    White, L.R.2    Petrovich, H.3    Masaki, K.4    Ross, G.W.5    Havlik, R.J.6    Launer, L.J.7
  • 142
    • 84923314136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effect of APOE genotype and blood pressure on cognitive decline: The PATH through life study
    • Andrews S, Das D, Anstey KJ, Easteal S. Interactive effect of APOE genotype and blood pressure on cognitive decline: the PATH through life study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44:1087-1098. doi: 10.3233/JAD-140630.
    • (2015) J Alzheimers Dis. , vol.44 , pp. 1087-1098
    • Andrews, S.1    Das, D.2    Anstey, K.J.3    Easteal, S.4
  • 143
    • 84902979524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension moderates the effect of APOE on 21-year cognitive trajectories
    • de Frias CM, Schaie KW, Willis SL. Hypertension moderates the effect of APOE on 21-year cognitive trajectories. Psychol Aging. 2014;29:431-439. doi: 10.1037/a0036828.
    • (2014) Psychol Aging. , vol.29 , pp. 431-439
    • De Frias, C.M.1    Schaie, K.W.2    Willis, S.L.3
  • 147
    • 76149126731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension, executive dysfunction, and progression to dementia: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging
    • Oveisgharan S, Hachinski V. Hypertension, executive dysfunction, and progression to dementia: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Arch Neurol. 2010;67:187-192. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.312.
    • (2010) Arch Neurol. , vol.67 , pp. 187-192
    • Oveisgharan, S.1    Hachinski, V.2
  • 148
    • 0037161304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function
    • Posner HB, Tang MX, Luchsinger J, Lantigua R, Stern Y, Mayeux R. The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function. Neurology. 2002;58:1175-1181.
    • (2002) Neurology. , vol.58 , pp. 1175-1181
    • Posner, H.B.1    Tang, M.X.2    Luchsinger, J.3    Lantigua, R.4    Stern, Y.5    Mayeux, R.6
  • 149
    • 0037322108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project: A 6-year follow-up study
    • Qiu C, von Strauss E, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen project: a 6-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:223-228.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol. , vol.60 , pp. 223-228
    • Qiu, C.1    Von Strauss, E.2    Fastbom, J.3    Winblad, B.4    Fratiglioni, L.5
  • 152
    • 3242774781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in blood pressure over time and risk of dementia: A longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project
    • Qiu C, von Strauss E, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Decline in blood pressure over time and risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. Stroke. 2004;35:1810-1815. doi: 10.1161/01. STR.0000133128.42462.ef.
    • (2004) Stroke. , vol.35 , pp. 1810-1815
    • Qiu, C.1    Von Strauss, E.2    Winblad, B.3    Fratiglioni, L.4
  • 154
  • 157
    • 12744273863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life
    • Whitmer RA, Sidney S, Selby J, Johnston SC, Yaffe K. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology. 2005;64:277-281. doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000149519.47454.F2.
    • (2005) Neurology. , vol.64 , pp. 277-281
    • Whitmer, R.A.1    Sidney, S.2    Selby, J.3    Johnston, S.C.4    Yaffe, K.5
  • 160
    • 37349083147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
    • Waldstein SR, Rice SC, Thayer JF, Najjar SS, Scuteri A, Zonderman AB. Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Hypertension. 2008;51:99-104. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093674.
    • (2008) Hypertension. , vol.51 , pp. 99-104
    • Waldstein, S.R.1    Rice, S.C.2    Thayer, J.F.3    Najjar, S.S.4    Scuteri, A.5    Zonderman, A.B.6
  • 162
    • 84948572757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and non-cognitive manifestations of Alzheimer's disease: The hypothalamus as both culprit and target of pathology
    • Ishii M, Iadecola C. Metabolic and non-cognitive manifestations of Alzheimer's disease: the hypothalamus as both culprit and target of pathology. Cell Metab. 2015;22:761-776. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.016.
    • (2015) Cell Metab. , vol.22 , pp. 761-776
    • Ishii, M.1    Iadecola, C.2
  • 163
    • 44349096287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction
    • Iadecola C, Davisson RL. Hypertension and cerebrovascular dysfunction. Cell Metab. 2008;7:476-484. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.03.010.
    • (2008) Cell Metab. , vol.7 , pp. 476-484
    • Iadecola, C.1    Davisson, R.L.2
  • 164
    • 84931366963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
    • Li JQ, Tan L, Wang HF, Tan MS, Tan L, Xu W, Zhao QF, Wang J, Jiang T, Yu JT. Risk factors for predicting progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87:476-484. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-310095.
    • (2016) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. , vol.87 , pp. 476-484
    • Li, J.Q.1    Tan, L.2    Wang, H.F.3    Tan, M.S.4    Tan, L.5    Xu, W.6    Zhao, Q.F.7    Wang, J.8    Jiang, T.9    Yu, J.T.10
  • 166
    • 80051547314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Power MC, Weuve J, Gagne JJ, McQueen MB, Viswanathan A, Blacker D. The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology. 2011;22:646-659. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31822708b5.
    • (2011) Epidemiology. , vol.22 , pp. 646-659
    • Power, M.C.1    Weuve, J.2    Gagne, J.J.3    McQueen, M.B.4    Viswanathan, A.5    Blacker, D.6
  • 167
    • 33646696167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the risk of dementia: Efficacy of long-term treatment of hypertension
    • Peila R, White LR, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Launer LJ. Reducing the risk of dementia: efficacy of long-term treatment of hypertension. Stroke. 2006;37:1165-1170. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000217653.01615.93.
    • (2006) Stroke. , vol.37 , pp. 1165-1170
    • Peila, R.1    White, L.R.2    Masaki, K.3    Petrovitch, H.4    Launer, L.J.5
  • 169
    • 84884667525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delaying dementia: Can antihypertensives prevent Alzheimer dementia?
    • Seshadri S. Delaying dementia: can antihypertensives prevent Alzheimer dementia? Neurology. 2013;81:860-862. doi: 10.1212/WNL. 0b013e3182a35296.
    • (2013) Neurology. , vol.81 , pp. 860-862
    • Seshadri, S.1
  • 175
    • 53049101053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathologic correlates of white matter hyperintensities
    • Young VG, Halliday GM, Kril JJ. Neuropathologic correlates of white matter hyperintensities. Neurology. 2008;71:804-811. doi: 10.1212/01. wnl.0000319691.50117.54.
    • (2008) Neurology. , vol.71 , pp. 804-811
    • Young, V.G.1    Halliday, G.M.2    Kril, J.J.3
  • 180
    • 54049142899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of cerebral small vessel disease in relation to risk factors and cognitive consequences: Rotterdam Scan study
    • van Dijk EJ, Prins ND, Vrooman HA, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM. Progression of cerebral small vessel disease in relation to risk factors and cognitive consequences: Rotterdam Scan study. Stroke. 2008;39:2712-2719. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.513176.
    • (2008) Stroke. , vol.39 , pp. 2712-2719
    • Van Dijk, E.J.1    Prins, N.D.2    Vrooman, H.A.3    Hofman, A.4    Koudstaal, P.J.5    Breteler, M.M.6
  • 182
    • 84903986737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effect of mid-and late-life blood pressure on the brain: The AGES-Reykjavik study [published correction appears in Neurology. 2014;83:867]
    • Muller M, Sigurdsson S, Kjartansson O, Aspelund T, Lopez OL, Jonnson PV, Harris TB, van Buchem M, Gudnason V, Launer LJ; Age, Gene/ Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study Investigators. Joint effect of mid-and late-life blood pressure on the brain: the AGES-Reykjavik study [published correction appears in Neurology. 2014;83:867]. Neurology. 2014;82:2187-2195. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000517.
    • (2014) Neurology. , vol.82 , pp. 2187-2195
    • Muller, M.1    Sigurdsson, S.2    Kjartansson, O.3    Aspelund, T.4    Lopez, O.L.5    Jonnson, P.V.6    Harris, T.B.7    Van Buchem, M.8    Gudnason, V.9    Launer, L.J.10
  • 185
    • 8244237062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and severity of white matter lesions, their relationship with age, ethnicity, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: The ARIC Study
    • Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole J, Bryan N, Burke G, Shahar E, Nieto J, Mosley T, Heiss G. The prevalence and severity of white matter lesions, their relationship with age, ethnicity, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the ARIC Study. Neuroepidemiology. 1997;16:149-162.
    • (1997) Neuroepidemiology. , vol.16 , pp. 149-162
    • Liao, D.1    Cooper, L.2    Cai, J.3    Toole, J.4    Bryan, N.5    Burke, G.6    Shahar, E.7    Nieto, J.8    Mosley, T.9    Heiss, G.10
  • 190
    • 0036141196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in midlife systolic blood pressure is related to late-life brain white matter lesions: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Havlik RJ, Foley DJ, Sayer B, Masaki K, White L, Launer LJ. Variability in midlife systolic blood pressure is related to late-life brain white matter lesions: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Stroke. 2002;33:26-30.
    • (2002) Stroke. , vol.33 , pp. 26-30
    • Havlik, R.J.1    Foley, D.J.2    Sayer, B.3    Masaki, K.4    White, L.5    Launer, L.J.6
  • 191
    • 11144223888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, manifestations, and predictors of worsening white matter on serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Longstreth WT Jr, Arnold AM, Beauchamp NJ Jr, Manolio TA, Lefkowitz D, Jungreis C, Hirsch CH, O'Leary DH, Furberg CD. Incidence, manifestations, and predictors of worsening white matter on serial cranial magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 2005;36:56-61. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000149625.99732.69.
    • (2005) Stroke. , vol.36 , pp. 56-61
    • Longstreth, W.T.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Beauchamp, N.J.3    Manolio, T.A.4    Lefkowitz, D.5    Jungreis, C.6    Hirsch, C.H.7    O'Leary, D.H.8    Furberg, C.D.9
  • 192
    • 80052409445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline and longitudinal increases in diastolic blood pressure are associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume: The Northern Manhattan Study
    • Marcus J, Gardener H, Rundek T, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, Decarli C, Wright CB. Baseline and longitudinal increases in diastolic blood pressure are associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume: the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke. 2011;42:2639-2641. doi: 10.1161/ STROKEAHA.111.617571.
    • (2011) Stroke. , vol.42 , pp. 2639-2641
    • Marcus, J.1    Gardener, H.2    Rundek, T.3    Elkind, M.S.4    Sacco, R.L.5    Decarli, C.6    Wright, C.B.7
  • 193
    • 0031868824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI is related to diastolic blood pressure
    • Veldink JH, Scheltens P, Jonker C, Launer LJ. Progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI is related to diastolic blood pressure. Neurology. 1998;51:319-320.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 319-320
    • Veldink, J.H.1    Scheltens, P.2    Jonker, C.3    Launer, L.J.4
  • 199
    • 24944486283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of blood pressure lowering on cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with stroke: The PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy
    • Dufouil C, Chalmers J, Coskun O, Besançon V, Bousser MG, Guillon P, MacMahon S, Mazoyer B, Neal B, Woodward M, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Tzourio C; PROGRESS MRI Substudy Investigators. Effects of blood pressure lowering on cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with stroke: the PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy. Circulation. 2005;112:1644-1650. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.501163.
    • (2005) Circulation. , vol.112 , pp. 1644-1650
    • Dufouil, C.1    Chalmers, J.2    Coskun, O.3    Besançon, V.4    Bousser, M.G.5    Guillon, P.6    MacMahon, S.7    Mazoyer, B.8    Neal, B.9    Woodward, M.10    Tzourio-Mazoyer, N.11    Tzourio, A.12
  • 200
    • 34347336499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensity change in older adults and relationship to blood pressure: Brain atrophy, WMH change and blood pressure
    • Firbank MJ, Wiseman RM, Burton EJ, Saxby BK, O'Brien JT, Ford GA. Brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensity change in older adults and relationship to blood pressure: brain atrophy, WMH change and blood pressure. J Neurol. 2007;254:713-721. doi: 10.1007/s00415-006-0238-4.
    • (2007) J Neurol. , vol.254 , pp. 713-721
    • Firbank, M.J.1    Wiseman, R.M.2    Burton, E.J.3    Saxby, B.K.4    O'Brien, J.T.5    Ford, G.A.6
  • 203
    • 71749116405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern of normal age-related regional differences in white matter microstructure is modified by vascular risk
    • Kennedy KM, Raz N. Pattern of normal age-related regional differences in white matter microstructure is modified by vascular risk. Brain Res. 2009;1297:41-56. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.08.058.
    • (2009) Brain Res. , vol.1297 , pp. 41-56
    • Kennedy, K.M.1    Raz, N.2
  • 205
    • 73449139407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher systolic blood pressure is associated with increased water diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter
    • Maclullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Reid LM, Deary IJ, Starr JM, Seckl JR, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM. Higher systolic blood pressure is associated with increased water diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter. Stroke. 2009;40:3869-3871. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.547877.
    • (2009) Stroke. , vol.40 , pp. 3869-3871
    • Maclullich, A.M.1    Ferguson, K.J.2    Reid, L.M.3    Deary, I.J.4    Starr, J.M.5    Seckl, J.R.6    Bastin, M.E.7    Wardlaw, J.M.8
  • 206
    • 84869134233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of systolic blood pressure on white-matter integrity in young adults in the Framingham Heart Study: A crosssectional study
    • Maillard P, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Himali JJ, Au R, Fletcher E, Carmichael O, Wolf PA, DeCarli C. Effects of systolic blood pressure on white-matter integrity in young adults in the Framingham Heart Study: a crosssectional study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:1039-1047. doi: 10.1016/ S1474-4422(12)70241-7.
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol. , vol.11 , pp. 1039-1047
    • Maillard, P.1    Seshadri, S.2    Beiser, A.3    Himali, J.J.4    Au, R.5    Fletcher, E.6    Carmichael, O.7    Wolf, P.A.8    DeCarli, C.9
  • 207
    • 84925296522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooccurrence of vascular risk factors and late-life white-matter integrity changes
    • Maillard P, Carmichael OT, Reed B, Mungas D, DeCarli C. Cooccurrence of vascular risk factors and late-life white-matter integrity changes. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36:1670-1677. doi: 10.1016/j. neurobiolaging.2015.01.007.
    • (2015) Neurobiol Aging. , vol.36 , pp. 1670-1677
    • Maillard, P.1    Carmichael, O.T.2    Reed, B.3    Mungas, D.4    DeCarli, C.5
  • 212
    • 33947431508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The apolipoprotein E epsilon4-allele and antihypertensive treatment are associated with increased risk of cerebral MRI white matter hyperintensities
    • Høgh P, Garde E, Mortensen EL, Jørgensen OS, Krabbe K, Waldemar G. The apolipoprotein E epsilon4-allele and antihypertensive treatment are associated with increased risk of cerebral MRI white matter hyperintensities. Acta Neurol Scand. 2007;115:248-253. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00779.x.
    • (2007) Acta Neurol Scand. , vol.115 , pp. 248-253
    • Høgh, P.1    Garde, E.2    Mortensen, E.L.3    Jørgensen, O.S.4    Krabbe, K.5    Waldemar, G.6
  • 213
    • 34547821883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcortical infarcts, Alzheimer's disease pathology, and memory function in older persons
    • Schneider JA, Boyle PA, Arvanitakis Z, Bienias JL, Bennett DA. Subcortical infarcts, Alzheimer's disease pathology, and memory function in older persons. Ann Neurol. 2007;62:59-66. doi: 10.1002/ ana.21142.
    • (2007) Ann Neurol. , vol.62 , pp. 59-66
    • Schneider, J.A.1    Boyle, P.A.2    Arvanitakis, Z.3    Bienias, J.L.4    Bennett, D.A.5
  • 215
    • 75149115045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions at autopsy in older Japanese-American men as related to cognitive impairment and dementia in the final years of life: A summary report from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • White L. Brain lesions at autopsy in older Japanese-American men as related to cognitive impairment and dementia in the final years of life: a summary report from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;18:713-725. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1178.
    • (2009) J Alzheimers Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 713-725
    • White, L.1
  • 217
    • 84867725055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathological stainings and definitions of vascular disruptions in the elderly brain
    • De Reuck JL. Histopathological stainings and definitions of vascular disruptions in the elderly brain. Exp Gerontol. 2012;47:834-837. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.012.
    • (2012) Exp Gerontol. , vol.47 , pp. 834-837
    • De Reuck, J.L.1
  • 218
    • 84898761943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microbleeds are associated with deep white matter hyperintensities, but only in hypertensive patients
    • Gao Z, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhao X, Shang Y, Guo Y, Gong M, Yang L, Shi X, Xu X, An N, Wu W. Cerebral microbleeds are associated with deep white matter hyperintensities, but only in hypertensive patients. PLoS One. 2014;9:e91637. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091637.
    • (2014) PLoS One. , vol.9
    • Gao, Z.1    Wang, W.2    Wang, Z.3    Zhao, X.4    Shang, Y.5    Guo, Y.6    Gong, M.7    Yang, L.8    Shi, X.9    Xu, X.10    An, N.11    Wu, W.12
  • 219
    • 37349008513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain microbleeds are associated with ambulatory blood pressure levels in a hypertensive population
    • Henskens LH, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW, Lodder J. Brain microbleeds are associated with ambulatory blood pressure levels in a hypertensive population. Hypertension. 2008;51:62-68. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.100610.
    • (2008) Hypertension. , vol.51 , pp. 62-68
    • Henskens, L.H.1    Van Oostenbrugge, R.J.2    Kroon, A.A.3    De Leeuw, P.W.4    Lodder, J.5
  • 221
    • 84883859638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint effect of hypertension and lifestylerelated risk factors on the risk of brain microbleeds in healthy individuals
    • Hara M, Yakushiji Y, Nannri H, Sasaki S, Noguchi T, Nishiyama M, Hirotsu T, Nakajima J, Hara H. Joint effect of hypertension and lifestylerelated risk factors on the risk of brain microbleeds in healthy individuals. Hypertens Res. 2013;36:789-794. doi: 10.1038/hr.2013.26.
    • (2013) Hypertens Res. , vol.36 , pp. 789-794
    • Hara, M.1    Yakushiji, Y.2    Nannri, H.3    Sasaki, S.4    Noguchi, T.5    Nishiyama, M.6    Hirotsu, T.7    Nakajima, J.8    Hara, H.9
  • 222
    • 77957988717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: An update of the Rotterdam scan study
    • Poels MM, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Krestin GP, van der Lugt A, Breteler MM. Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: an update of the Rotterdam scan study. Stroke. 2010;41(suppl):S103-S106. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595181.
    • (2010) Stroke. , vol.41 , pp. S103-S106
    • Poels, M.M.1    Vernooij, M.W.2    Ikram, M.A.3    Hofman, A.4    Krestin, G.P.5    Van Der Lugt, A.6    Breteler, M.M.7
  • 227
  • 232
    • 84880571908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure levels and brain volume reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis [published correction appears in J Hypertens. 2013;31:2106]
    • Beauchet O, Celle S, Roche F, Bartha R, Montero-Odasso M, Allali G, Annweiler C. Blood pressure levels and brain volume reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published correction appears in J Hypertens. 2013;31:2106]. J Hypertens. 2013;31:1502-1516. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32836184b5.
    • (2013) J Hypertens. , vol.31 , pp. 1502-1516
    • Beauchet, O.1    Celle, S.2    Roche, F.3    Bartha, R.4    Montero-Odasso, M.5    Allali, G.6    Annweiler, C.7
  • 233
    • 3042538272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife blood pressure and the risk of hippocampal atrophy: The Honolulu Asia Aging Study
    • Korf ES, White LR, Scheltens P, Launer LJ. Midlife blood pressure and the risk of hippocampal atrophy: the Honolulu Asia Aging Study. Hypertension. 2004;44:29-34. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP. 0000132475.32317.bb.
    • (2004) Hypertension. , vol.44 , pp. 29-34
    • Korf, E.S.1    White, L.R.2    Scheltens, P.3    Launer, L.J.4
  • 234
    • 27844479696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, white matter lesions and medial temporal lobe atrophy: Closing the gap between vascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease?
    • Korf ES, Scheltens P, Barkhof F, de Leeuw FE. Blood pressure, white matter lesions and medial temporal lobe atrophy: closing the gap between vascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease? Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20:331-337. doi: 10.1159/000088464.
    • (2005) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. , vol.20 , pp. 331-337
    • Korf, E.S.1    Scheltens, P.2    Barkhof, F.3    De Leeuw, F.E.4
  • 236
    • 0842325638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter lesions and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
    • de Leeuw FE, Barkhof F, Scheltens P. White matter lesions and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2004;62:310-312.
    • (2004) Neurology. , vol.62 , pp. 310-312
    • De Leeuw, F.E.1    Barkhof, F.2    Scheltens, P.3
  • 238
    • 79451469076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease: A prospective followup study
    • Nitkunan A, Lanfranconi S, Charlton RA, Barrick TR, Markus HS. Brain atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease: a prospective followup study. Stroke. 2011;42:133-138. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA. 110.594267.
    • (2011) Stroke. , vol.42 , pp. 133-138
    • Nitkunan, A.1    Lanfranconi, S.2    Charlton, R.A.3    Barrick, T.R.4    Markus, H.S.5
  • 246
    • 84877760485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for β-amyloid deposition in healthy aging: Vascular and genetic effects
    • Rodrigue KM, Rieck JR, Kennedy KM, Devous MD Sr, Diaz-Arrastia R, Park DC. Risk factors for β-amyloid deposition in healthy aging: vascular and genetic effects. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:600-606. doi: 10.1001/ jamaneurol.2013.1342.
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol. , vol.70 , pp. 600-606
    • Rodrigue, K.M.1    Rieck, J.R.2    Kennedy, K.M.3    Devous, M.D.4    Diaz-Arrastia, R.5    Park, D.C.6
  • 248
    • 84981263614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulse pressure in relation to tau-mediated neurodegeneration, cerebral amyloidosis, and progression to dementia in very old adults
    • Nation DA, Edmonds EC, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Scanlon BK, Han SD, Edland SD, Salmon DP, Galasko DR, Bondi MW; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Investigators. Pulse pressure in relation to tau-mediated neurodegeneration, cerebral amyloidosis, and progression to dementia in very old adults. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72:546-553. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4477.
    • (2015) JAMA Neurol. , vol.72 , pp. 546-553
    • Nation, D.A.1    Edmonds, E.C.2    Bangen, K.J.3    Delano-Wood, L.4    Scanlon, B.K.5    Han, S.D.6    Edland, S.D.7    Salmon, D.P.8    Galasko, D.R.9    Bondi, M.W.10
  • 256
    • 0037534905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): Principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial
    • Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, Olofsson B, Trenkwalder P, Zanchetti A; SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003;21:875-886. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000059028.82022.89.
    • (2003) J Hypertens. , vol.21 , pp. 875-886
    • Lithell, H.1    Hansson, L.2    Skoog, I.3    Elmfeldt, D.4    Hofman, A.5    Olofsson, B.6    Trenkwalder, P.7    Zanchetti, A.8
  • 257
    • 0025831464 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP): SHEP Cooperative Research Group
    • Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP): SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991;265:3255-3264. doi:10.1001/jama.1991. 03460240051027
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 3255-3264
  • 259
    • 84919340367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term blood pressure lowering and dual antiplatelet treatment on cognitive function in patients with recent lacunar stroke: A secondary analysis from the SPS3 randomised trial
    • Pearce LA, McClure LA, Anderson DC, Jacova C, Sharma M, Hart RG, Benavente OR; SPS3 Investigators. Effects of long-term blood pressure lowering and dual antiplatelet treatment on cognitive function in patients with recent lacunar stroke: a secondary analysis from the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:1177-1185. doi: 10.1016/ S1474-4422(14)70224-8.
    • (2014) Lancet Neurol. , vol.13 , pp. 1177-1185
    • Pearce, L.A.1    McClure, L.A.2    Anderson, D.C.3    Jacova, C.4    Sharma, M.5    Hart, R.G.6    Benavente, O.R.7
  • 260
    • 0038669268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease
    • Tzourio C, Anderson C, Chapman N, Woodward M, Neal B, MacMahon S, Chalmers J; PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1069-1075. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.9.1069.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med. , vol.163 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Tzourio, C.1    Anderson, C.2    Chapman, N.3    Woodward, M.4    Neal, B.5    MacMahon, S.6
  • 261
    • 84879961743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of candesartan in acute stroke on cognitive function and quality of life: Results from the Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial
    • Hornslien AG, Sandset EC, Bath PM, Wyller TB, Berge E; Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial Study Group. Effects of candesartan in acute stroke on cognitive function and quality of life: results from the Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial. Stroke. 2013;44:2022-2024. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001022.
    • (2013) Stroke. , vol.44 , pp. 2022-2024
    • Hornslien, A.G.1    Sandset, E.C.2    Bath, P.M.3    Wyller, T.B.4    Berge, E.5
  • 264
    • 84865607672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telmisartan on top of antihypertensive treatment does not prevent progression of cerebral white matter lesions in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) MRI substudy
    • Weber R, Weimar C, Blatchford J, Hermansson K, Wanke I, Möller-Hartmann C, Gizewski ER, Forsting M, Demchuk AM, Sacco RL, Saver JL, Warach S, Diener HC, Diehl A; PRoFESS Imaging Substudy Group. Telmisartan on top of antihypertensive treatment does not prevent progression of cerebral white matter lesions in the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) MRI substudy. Stroke. 2012;43:2336-2342. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.648576.
    • (2012) Stroke. , vol.43 , pp. 2336-2342
    • Weber, R.1    Weimar, C.2    Blatchford, J.3    Hermansson, K.4    Wanke, I.5    Möller-Hartmann, C.6    Gizewski, E.R.7    Forsting, M.8    Demchuk, A.M.9    Sacco, R.L.10    Saver, J.L.11    Warach, S.12    Diener, H.C.13    Diehl, A.14
  • 265
    • 43249112025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: A substudy of the SCOPE trial
    • Saxby BK, Harrington F, Wesnes KA, McKeith IG, Ford GA. Candesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: a substudy of the SCOPE trial. Neurology. 2008;70(pt 2):1858-1866. doi: 10.1212/01. wnl.0000311447.85948.78.
    • (2008) Neurology. , vol.70 , pp. 1858-1866
    • Saxby, B.K.1    Harrington, F.2    Wesnes, K.A.3    McKeith, I.G.4    Ford, G.A.5
  • 267
    • 79551499769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placebocontrolled trials of blood pressure-lowering therapies for primary prevention of dementia
    • Staessen JA, Thijs L, Richart T, Odili AN, Birkenhäger WH. Placebocontrolled trials of blood pressure-lowering therapies for primary prevention of dementia. Hypertension. 2011;57:e6-e7. doi: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.165142.
    • (2011) Hypertension. , vol.57 , pp. e6-e7
    • Staessen, J.A.1    Thijs, L.2    Richart, T.3    Odili, A.N.4    Birkenhäger, W.H.5
  • 268
    • 23744468024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE)
    • Skoog I, Lithell H, Hansson L, Elmfeldt D, Hofman A, Olofsson B, Trenkwalder P, Zanchetti A; SCOPE Study Group. Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:1052-1059. doi: 10.1016/j. amjhyper.2005.02.013.
    • (2005) Am J Hypertens. , vol.18 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Skoog, I.1    Lithell, H.2    Hansson, L.3    Elmfeldt, D.4    Hofman, A.5    Olofsson, B.6    Trenkwalder, P.7    Zanchetti, A.8
  • 269
    • 0035156539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia and disability outcomes in large hypertension trials: Lessons learned from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) trial
    • Di Bari M, Pahor M, Franse LV, Shorr RI, Wan JY, Ferrucci L, Somes GW, Applegate WB. Dementia and disability outcomes in large hypertension trials: lessons learned from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) trial. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:72-78.
    • (2001) Am J Epidemiol. , vol.153 , pp. 72-78
    • Di Bari, M.1    Pahor, M.2    Franse, L.V.3    Shorr, R.I.4    Wan, J.Y.5    Ferrucci, L.6    Somes, G.W.7    Applegate, W.B.8
  • 272
    • 34748864742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High blood pressure trends in children and adolescents in national surveys, 1963 to 2002
    • Din-Dzietham R, Liu Y, Bielo MV, Shamsa F. High blood pressure trends in children and adolescents in national surveys, 1963 to 2002. Circulation. 2007;116:1488-1496. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683243.
    • (2007) Circulation. , vol.116 , pp. 1488-1496
    • Din-Dzietham, R.1    Liu, Y.2    Bielo, M.V.3    Shamsa, F.4
  • 273
    • 84859114394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High blood pressure in children and adolescents
    • Riley M, Bluhm B. High blood pressure in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85:693-700.
    • (2012) Am Fam Physician. , vol.85 , pp. 693-700
    • Riley, M.1    Bluhm, B.2
  • 274
    • 84902299328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association
    • on behalf of the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young
    • Flynn JT, Daniels SR, Hayman LL, Maahs DM, McCrindle BW, Mitsnefes M, Zachariah JP, Urbina EM; on behalf of the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Obesity in Youth Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Update: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2014;63:1116-1135. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000007.
    • (2014) Hypertension. , vol.63 , pp. 1116-1135
    • Flynn, J.T.1    Daniels, S.R.2    Hayman, L.L.3    Maahs, D.M.4    McCrindle, B.W.5    Mitsnefes, M.6    Zachariah, J.P.7    Urbina, E.M.8
  • 275
    • 33645523067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
    • Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. JAMA. 2006;295:1549-1555. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.13.1549.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1549-1555
    • Ogden, C.L.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Curtin, L.R.3    McDowell, M.A.4    Tabak, C.J.5    Flegal, K.M.6
  • 276
    • 0034087399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Chen W, Bao W, Begum S, Elkasabany A, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Age-related patterns of the clustering of cardiovascular risk variables of syndrome X from childhood to young adulthood in a population made up of black and white subjects: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Diabetes. 2000;49:1042-1048.
    • (2000) Diabetes. , vol.49 , pp. 1042-1048
    • Chen, W.1    Bao, W.2    Begum, S.3    Elkasabany, A.4    Srinivasan, S.R.5    Berenson, G.S.6
  • 277
    • 0022481336 scopus 로고
    • Value of childhood blood pressure measurements and family history in predicting future blood pressure status: Results from 8 years of follow-up in the Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Shear CL, Burke GL, Freedman DS, Berenson GS. Value of childhood blood pressure measurements and family history in predicting future blood pressure status: results from 8 years of follow-up in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 1986;77:862-869.
    • (1986) Pediatrics. , vol.77 , pp. 862-869
    • Shear, C.L.1    Burke, G.L.2    Freedman, D.S.3    Berenson, G.S.4
  • 278
    • 0034124013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of childhood to adult blood pressure: Longitudinal study of juvenile hypertension in Lithuania
    • Klumbiene J, Sileikiene L, Milasauskiene Z, Zaborskis A, Shatchkute A. The relationship of childhood to adult blood pressure: longitudinal study of juvenile hypertension in Lithuania. J Hypertens. 2000;18:531-538.
    • (2000) J Hypertens. , vol.18 , pp. 531-538
    • Klumbiene, J.1    Sileikiene, L.2    Milasauskiene, Z.3    Zaborskis, A.4    Shatchkute, A.5
  • 279
    • 0033599278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults: Implications for prevention from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study
    • Strong JP, Malcom GT, McMahan CA, Tracy RE, Newman WP 3rd, Herderick EE, Cornhill JF. Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults: implications for prevention from the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study. JAMA. 1999;281:727-735.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 727-735
    • Strong, J.P.1    Malcom, G.T.2    McMahan, C.A.3    Tracy, R.E.4    Newman, W.P.5    Herderick, E.E.6    Cornhill, J.F.7
  • 280
    • 0032482329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP 3rd, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1650-1656. doi: 10.1056/ NEJM199806043382302.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med. , vol.338 , pp. 1650-1656
    • Berenson, G.S.1    Srinivasan, S.R.2    Bao, W.3    Newman, W.P.4    Tracy, R.E.5    Wattigney, W.A.6
  • 281
    • 84927794706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-office blood pressure and target organ damage in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Kollias A, Dafni M, Poulidakis E, Ntineri A, Stergiou GS. Out-of-office blood pressure and target organ damage in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens. 2014;32:2315-2331. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000384.
    • (2014) J Hypertens. , vol.32 , pp. 2315-2331
    • Kollias, A.1    Dafni, M.2    Poulidakis, E.3    Ntineri, A.4    Stergiou, G.S.5
  • 282
    • 34547693311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome in childhood predicts adult cardiovascular disease 25 years later: The Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Follow-up Study
    • Morrison JA, Friedman LA, Gray-McGuire C. Metabolic syndrome in childhood predicts adult cardiovascular disease 25 years later: the Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Follow-up Study. Pediatrics. 2007;120:340-345. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-1699.
    • (2007) Pediatrics. , vol.120 , pp. 340-345
    • Morrison, J.A.1    Friedman, L.A.2    Gray-McGuire, C.3
  • 283
    • 0344825867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated blood pressure and decreased cognitive function among school-age children and adolescents in the United States
    • Lande MB, Kaczorowski JM, Auinger P, Schwartz GJ, Weitzman M. Elevated blood pressure and decreased cognitive function among school-age children and adolescents in the United States. J Pediatr. 2003;143:720-724. doi: 10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00412-8.
    • (2003) J Pediatr. , vol.143 , pp. 720-724
    • Lande, M.B.1    Kaczorowski, J.M.2    Auinger, P.3    Schwartz, G.J.4    Weitzman, M.5
  • 284
    • 78649655188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning and attention problems among children with pediatric primary hypertension
    • Adams HR, Szilagyi PG, Gebhardt L, Lande MB. Learning and attention problems among children with pediatric primary hypertension. Pediatrics. 2010;126:e1425-e1429. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1899.
    • (2010) Pediatrics. , vol.126 , pp. e1425-e1429
    • Adams, H.R.1    Szilagyi, P.G.2    Gebhardt, L.3    Lande, M.B.4
  • 285
    • 70349736109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in behavior as an early symptom of renovascular hypertension in children
    • Krause I, Cleper R, Kovalski Y, Sinai L, Davidovits M. Changes in behavior as an early symptom of renovascular hypertension in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009;24:2271-2274. doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1205-y.
    • (2009) Pediatr Nephrol. , vol.24 , pp. 2271-2274
    • Krause, I.1    Cleper, R.2    Kovalski, Y.3    Sinai, L.4    Davidovits, M.5
  • 287
    • 0035105181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predominance of isolated systolic hypertension among middle-aged and elderly US hypertensives: Analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III
    • Franklin SS, Jacobs MJ, Wong ND, L'Italien GJ, Lapuerta P. Predominance of isolated systolic hypertension among middle-aged and elderly US hypertensives: analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Hypertension. 2001;37:869-874.
    • (2001) Hypertension. , vol.37 , pp. 869-874
    • Franklin, S.S.1    Jacobs, M.J.2    Wong, N.D.3    L'Italien, G.J.4    Lapuerta, P.5
  • 288
    • 14944380164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of new-onset diastolic and systolic hypertension: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Franklin SS, Pio JR, Wong ND, Larson MG, Leip EP, Vasan RS, Levy D. Predictors of new-onset diastolic and systolic hypertension: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2005;111:1121-1127. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000157159.39889.EC.
    • (2005) Circulation. , vol.111 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Franklin, S.S.1    Pio, J.R.2    Wong, N.D.3    Larson, M.G.4    Leip, E.P.5    Vasan, R.S.6    Levy, D.7
  • 289
    • 0037079309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies [published correction appears in Lancet. 2003;361:1060]
    • Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies [published correction appears in Lancet. 2003;361:1060]. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-1913.
    • (2002) Lancet. , vol.360 , pp. 1903-1913
    • Lewington, S.1    Clarke, R.2    Qizilbash, N.3    Peto, R.4    Collins, R.5
  • 293
    • 67650082354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies
    • Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665.
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.338 , pp. b1665
    • Law, M.R.1    Morris, J.K.2    Wald, N.J.3
  • 294
    • 77749282912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antihypertensive-drug class on interindividual variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Webb AJ, Fischer U, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM. Effects of antihypertensive-drug class on interindividual variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:906-915. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60235-8.
    • (2010) Lancet. , vol.375 , pp. 906-915
    • Webb, A.J.1    Fischer, U.2    Mehta, Z.3    Rothwell, P.M.4
  • 295
    • 84922753787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Sundström J, Arima H, Jackson R, Turnbull F, Rahimi K, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Neal B; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:184-191. doi: 10.7326/M14-0773.
    • (2015) Ann Intern Med. , vol.162 , pp. 184-191
    • Sundström, J.1    Arima, H.2    Jackson, R.3    Turnbull, F.4    Rahimi, K.5    Chalmers, J.6    Woodward, M.7    Neal, B.8
  • 296
    • 33748571945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of blood pressure reduction on cognitive function: A review of effects based on pooled data from clinical trials
    • Birns J, Morris R, Donaldson N, Kalra L. The effects of blood pressure reduction on cognitive function: a review of effects based on pooled data from clinical trials. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1907-1914. doi: 10.1097/01. hjh.0000244934.81180.16.
    • (2006) J Hypertens. , vol.24 , pp. 1907-1914
    • Birns, J.1    Morris, R.2    Donaldson, N.3    Kalra, L.4
  • 297
    • 14844291328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does blood pressure lowering treatment prevents dementia or cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease?
    • Feigin V, Ratnasabapathy Y, Anderson C. Does blood pressure lowering treatment prevents dementia or cognitive decline in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease? J Neurol Sci. 2005;229-230:151-155. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.11.020.
    • (2005) J Neurol Sci. , vol.229-230 , pp. 151-155
    • Feigin, V.1    Ratnasabapathy, Y.2    Anderson, C.3
  • 298
    • 37749054064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia
    • McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore AP, Bullock R. Systematic review: blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:4-5. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.118505.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. , vol.79 , pp. 4-5
    • McGuinness, B.1    Todd, S.2    Passmore, A.P.3    Bullock, R.4
  • 299
    • 74949089743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia
    • McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore P, Bullock R. Blood pressure lowering in patients without prior cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009:CD004034
    • (2009) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. , pp. CD004034
    • McGuinness, B.1    Todd, S.2    Passmore, P.3    Bullock, R.4
  • 302
    • 84879923518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and comparison with other stroke subtypes
    • Makin SD, Turpin S, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Cognitive impairment after lacunar stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and comparison with other stroke subtypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84:893-900. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303645.
    • (2013) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. , vol.84 , pp. 893-900
    • Makin, S.D.1    Turpin, S.2    Dennis, M.S.3    Wardlaw, J.M.4
  • 304
    • 84886800511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: A comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart
    • Christensen K, Thinggaard M, Oksuzyan A, Steenstrup T, Andersen-Ranberg K, Jeune B, McGue M, Vaupel JW. Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: a comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart. Lancet. 2013;382:1507-1513. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(13)60777-1.
    • (2013) Lancet. , vol.382 , pp. 1507-1513
    • Christensen, K.1    Thinggaard, M.2    Oksuzyan, A.3    Steenstrup, T.4    Andersen-Ranberg, K.5    Jeune, B.6    McGue, M.7    Vaupel, J.W.8
  • 306
    • 40649118016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the prevalence and mortality of cognitive impairment in the United States: Is there evidence of a compression of cognitive morbidity?
    • Langa KM, Larson EB, Karlawish JH, Cutler DM, Kabeto MU, Kim SY, Rosen AB. Trends in the prevalence and mortality of cognitive impairment in the United States: is there evidence of a compression of cognitive morbidity? Alzheimers Dement. 2008;4:134-144. doi: 10.1016/j. jalz.2008.01.001.
    • (2008) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.4 , pp. 134-144
    • Langa, K.M.1    Larson, E.B.2    Karlawish, J.H.3    Cutler, D.M.4    Kabeto, M.U.5    Kim, S.Y.6    Rosen, A.B.7
  • 307
    • 84879076246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-year changes in dementia occurrence suggest decreasing incidence in central Stockholm, Sweden
    • Qiu C, von Strauss E, Bäckman L, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Twenty-year changes in dementia occurrence suggest decreasing incidence in central Stockholm, Sweden. Neurology. 2013;80:1888-1894. doi: 10.1212/ WNL.0b013e318292a2f9.
    • (2013) Neurology. , vol.80 , pp. 1888-1894
    • Qiu, C.1    Von Strauss, E.2    Bäckman, L.3    Winblad, B.4    Fratiglioni, L.5
  • 308
    • 84886240569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-decade comparison of prevalence of dementia in individuals aged 65 years and older from three geographical areas of England: Results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II
    • Matthews FE, Arthur A, Barnes LE, Bond J, Jagger C, Robinson L, Brayne C; Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Collaboration. A two-decade comparison of prevalence of dementia in individuals aged 65 years and older from three geographical areas of England: results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II. Lancet. 2013;382:1405-1412. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61570-6.
    • (2013) Lancet. , vol.382 , pp. 1405-1412
    • Matthews, F.E.1    Arthur, A.2    Barnes, L.E.3    Bond, J.4    Jagger, C.5    Robinson, L.6    Brayne, A.7
  • 309
    • 70049117978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low diastolic pressure and risk of dementia in very old people: A longitudinal study
    • Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Low diastolic pressure and risk of dementia in very old people: a longitudinal study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009;28:213-219. doi: 10.1159/000236913.
    • (2009) Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. , vol.28 , pp. 213-219
    • Qiu, C.1    Winblad, B.2    Fratiglioni, L.3
  • 311
    • 0034798731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of incident Alzheimer disease and blood pressure measured from 13 years before to 2 years after diagnosis in a large community study
    • Morris MC, Scherr PA, Hebert LE, Glynn RJ, Bennett DA, Evans DA. Association of incident Alzheimer disease and blood pressure measured from 13 years before to 2 years after diagnosis in a large community study. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1640-1646.
    • (2001) Arch Neurol. , vol.58 , pp. 1640-1646
    • Morris, M.C.1    Scherr, P.A.2    Hebert, L.E.3    Glynn, R.J.4    Bennett, D.A.5    Evans, D.A.6
  • 312
    • 0033535132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of diastolic and systolic orthostatic hypotension in older persons
    • Luukinen H, Koski K, Laippala P, Kivelä SL. Prognosis of diastolic and systolic orthostatic hypotension in older persons. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:273-280.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med. , vol.159 , pp. 273-280
    • Luukinen, H.1    Koski, K.2    Laippala, P.3    Kivelä, S.L.4
  • 313
    • 2542449089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: The Framingham Heart Study
    • Mitchell GF, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Vita JA, Vasan RS, Levy D. Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2004;43:1239-1245. doi: 10.1161/01. HYP.0000128420.01881.aa.
    • (2004) Hypertension. , vol.43 , pp. 1239-1245
    • Mitchell, G.F.1    Parise, H.2    Benjamin, E.J.3    Larson, M.G.4    Keyes, M.J.5    Vita, J.A.6    Vasan, R.S.7    Levy, D.8
  • 314
    • 0021989647 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging on arterial distensibility in populations with high and low prevalence of hypertension: Comparison between urban and rural communities in China
    • Avolio AP, Deng FQ, Li WQ, Luo YF, Huang ZD, Xing LF, O'Rourke MF. Effects of aging on arterial distensibility in populations with high and low prevalence of hypertension: comparison between urban and rural communities in China. Circulation. 1985;71:202-210.
    • (1985) Circulation. , vol.71 , pp. 202-210
    • Avolio, A.P.1    Deng, F.Q.2    Li, W.Q.3    Luo, Y.F.4    Huang, Z.D.5    Xing, L.F.6    O'Rourke, M.F.7
  • 315
    • 2342647592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans
    • Fontana L, Meyer TE, Klein S, Holloszy JO. Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:6659-6663. doi: 10.1073/ pnas.0308291101.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. , vol.101 , pp. 6659-6663
    • Fontana, L.1    Meyer, T.E.2    Klein, S.3    Holloszy, J.O.4
  • 316
    • 30344435943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term caloric restriction ameliorates the decline in diastolic function in humans
    • Meyer TE, Kovács SJ, Ehsani AA, Klein S, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-term caloric restriction ameliorates the decline in diastolic function in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:398-402. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2005.08.069.
    • (2006) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.47 , pp. 398-402
    • Meyer, T.E.1    Kovács, S.J.2    Ehsani, A.A.3    Klein, S.4    Holloszy, J.O.5    Fontana, L.6
  • 318
    • 0034884195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure reductions with exercise and sodium restriction in postmenopausal women with elevated systolic pressure: Role of arterial stiffness
    • Seals DR, Tanaka H, Clevenger CM, Monahan KD, Reiling MJ, Hiatt WR, Davy KP, DeSouza CA. Blood pressure reductions with exercise and sodium restriction in postmenopausal women with elevated systolic pressure: role of arterial stiffness. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:506-513.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.38 , pp. 506-513
    • Seals, D.R.1    Tanaka, H.2    Clevenger, C.M.3    Monahan, K.D.4    Reiling, M.J.5    Hiatt, W.R.6    Davy, K.P.7    DeSouza, C.A.8
  • 319
    • 34249803230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow in the older hypertensive brain
    • Beason-Held LL, Moghekar A, Zonderman AB, Kraut MA, Resnick SM. Longitudinal changes in cerebral blood flow in the older hypertensive brain. Stroke. 2007;38:1766-1773. doi: 10.1161/ STROKEAHA.106.477109.
    • (2007) Stroke. , vol.38 , pp. 1766-1773
    • Beason-Held, L.L.1    Moghekar, A.2    Zonderman, A.B.3    Kraut, M.A.4    Resnick, S.M.5
  • 323
    • 84865265088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief neuropsychological battery for use in the chronic heart failure population
    • Bauer L, Pozehl B, Hertzog M, Johnson J, Zimmerman L, Filipi M. A brief neuropsychological battery for use in the chronic heart failure population. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2012;11:223-230. doi: 10.1016/j. ejcnurse.2011.03.007.
    • (2012) Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. , vol.11 , pp. 223-230
    • Bauer, L.1    Pozehl, B.2    Hertzog, M.3    Johnson, J.4    Zimmerman, L.5    Filipi, M.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.